CN115820235A - Preparation device and preparation method of heavy oil reservoir nano fluid reinforced carbonated water - Google Patents
Preparation device and preparation method of heavy oil reservoir nano fluid reinforced carbonated water Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of heavy oil reservoir exploitation, and particularly relates to a preparation device and a preparation method of heavy oil reservoir nano fluid enhanced carbonated water. The preparation device comprises a carbon dioxide container, an intermediate container, a nanofluid base liquid container and a nanofluid reinforced carbonated water container; the bottoms of the four containers are communicated with a high-precision constant-speed constant-pressure pump; the tops of the four containers are respectively communicated with a vacuum pump and a back pressure valve; one end of the back pressure valve is connected with the back pressure pump, and the other end of the back pressure valve is connected with the gas-liquid separation container; the upper part of the gas-liquid separation container is connected with a gas flowmeter, and the lower part of the gas-liquid separation container is connected with a liquid metering container. The preparation method of the nano-fluid reinforced carbonized water comprises the following steps: preparing a nanofluid base liquid; (2) preparing nanofluid reinforced carbonated water; (3) Calculating CO 2 Dissolving amount and verifying preparation accuracy. The invention introduces water-based nano fluid into heavy oil reservoirCarbonizing the water flooding process to improve the fluidity of the thickened oil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of heavy oil reservoir exploitation, and particularly relates to a preparation device and a preparation method of heavy oil reservoir nano fluid enhanced carbonated water.
Background
Currently, carbonized water flooding is taken as new CO 2 The technology is applied to oil fields, and is expected to solve the problem that complex oil reservoirs, particularly heavy oil, are difficult to develop. CO in water under reservoir conditions 2 The dissolved amount exceeds 25m 3 /m 3 The carbonization water drive is just one of the characteristics of firstly leading CO to be firstly carried out on the ground by utilizing the characteristics of the carbonization water drive which is higher than hydrocarbon gas and nitrogen 2 Dissolving in injected water, and injecting into oil deposit to displace oil. With CO 2 Compared with the water flooding method, the viscosity and density of the carbonized water flooding are high, the viscous fingering and gravity override can be effectively inhibited, the application cost is low, and the method has technical and economic advantages. But with CO 2 Flooding, the presence of CO in the carbonated water flooding 2 Low dissolved amount of CO in the carbonized water 2 Can not be in direct contact with the thick oil and mainly depends on oil-water CO 2 Mass transfer effect generated by concentration difference is dissolved in the thick oil, expansion and viscosity reduction effects are not obvious, and the thick oil has poor liquidity; carbonizing CO in water 2 Low dissolving amount, unsatisfactory effect of reducing oil-water interfacial tension and the like, and low oil displacement efficiency. Therefore, how to increase CO in the carbonized water 2 Dissolved amount, enhanced CO 2 The mass transfer effect and the improvement of the oil displacement efficiency become the difficult problem of restricting the scale application of the heavy oil reservoir carbonization water flooding.
Industrial field proposes that nanofluid can intensify CO 2 The absorption of the nano fluid is taken as a novel medium for strengthening gas-liquid mass transfer, so that the traditional CO such as alcohol amine solution and the like can be really strengthened 2 Absorbent pair CO 2 The absorption effect of (2) greatly reduces CO in the industrial field 2 The amount of discharge of (c). Industrial field nanofluid enhancement of CO 2 The pressure and temperature in the absorption process are low, and the method cannot be applied to high-temperature, high-pressure and high-salinity underground oil reservoir environments;and most of the base liquid can be reacted with CO 2 The reacted alcohol amine solution, which is difficult to use as a displacement fluid in a reservoir environment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation device and a preparation method of thickened oil reservoir nano fluid reinforced carbonated water 2 Dissolved amount of (2), enhanced CO 2 The mass transfer from the water phase to the thick oil is performed, so that the swelling viscosity reduction effect is improved, and the fluidity of the thick oil is improved.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a preparation device of thickened oil reservoir nano-fluid enhanced carbonated water comprises four containers which are connected in parallel, namely a carbon dioxide container, an intermediate container, a nano-fluid base liquid container and a nano-fluid enhanced carbonated water container; the bottoms of the four containers are communicated with the high-precision constant-speed constant-pressure pump through control valves and pipelines, and pressure gauges are arranged on the pipelines close to the high-precision constant-speed constant-pressure pump; the tops of the four containers are respectively communicated with a vacuum pump and a back pressure valve through a pressure gauge, a control valve and a pipeline; one end of the back pressure valve is connected with the back pressure pump, and the other end of the back pressure valve is connected with the gas-liquid separation container; the upper part of the gas-liquid separation container is connected with a gas flowmeter and is used for collecting and metering gas separated out after gas-liquid separation; the lower part of the gas-liquid separation container is connected with a liquid metering container.
Furthermore, heating insulation sleeves are arranged on the outer sides of the carbon dioxide container, the middle container, the nano-fluid base liquid container and the nano-fluid enhanced carbonated water container in the preparation device of the heavy oil reservoir nano-fluid enhanced carbonated water.
A preparation method of thickened oil reservoir nano-fluid reinforced carbonated water by adopting the preparation device comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing a nanofluid base liquid: firstly, adding soluble metal salt, a dispersing agent and nano particles into distilled water, and stirring until the soluble metal salt and the dispersing agent are completely dissolved to form a nano particle suspension; dispersing the nano particle suspension by using an ultrasonic disperser;
the nanofluid is a uniform and stable suspension colloid system formed by dispersing nanoparticles (the diameter is 1-100nm) in a medium such as water, and the recovery rate can be improved by generating separation pressure, changing the wettability of rocks, reducing the interfacial tension of oil and water and other mechanisms.
(2) Preparing nano-fluid reinforced carbonated water:
a. calculating the saturated dissolved amount of carbon dioxide in the saline water under the salt concentration condition of the nanofluid base liquid obtained in the step (1): according to experimental pressurePAnd experimental temperatureTPreliminary calculation of experimental pressure based on the Duan modelPAnd experimental temperatureTCO in the lower brine 2 Saturated dissolution amountn Duan Calculating CO in the intermediate vessel according to formula (I) 2 Volume of (2)V Note 1 Can ensure CO injection 2 The amount of the CO is larger than that of the CO in the nanofluid base liquid 2 The amount of dissolution. The Duan model is CO proposed by Duan et al in 2003 2 Mathematical model for calculating saturation solubility in brine, which is widely used for calculating CO 2 Saturated solubility in saline.
Wherein the saline water is the water solution of soluble metal salt in the nanofluid base fluid in the step (1), and the salt concentration is the same as that in the nanofluid base fluid;
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,Pthe experimental pressure, MPa;Zto experiment pressurePAnd experimental temperatureTLower CO 2 A compression factor of (a);n Duan CO under Experimental conditions calculated for the Duan model 2 Amount of dissolved substance, mol;Ris a thermodynamic constant with a value of 8.314J/(mol. K);Tis the experimental temperature, K;V note 1 For CO in the intermediate vessel 2 Volume, mL;
b. keeping the nano-fluid base liquid container and the nano-fluid enhanced carbonated water container in a vacuum state: measuring the nano-fluid base fluid prepared in the step (1) and pouring the nano-fluid base fluid into a nano-fluid base fluid container, wherein the volume of the nano-fluid base fluidIs marked as V N (ii) a Vacuumizing the nanofluid base liquid container and the nanofluid reinforced carbonated water container by using a vacuum pump;
c. preparation of high pressure CO 2 : setting the volume of the intermediate container to V Note 1 The high-precision constant-speed constant-pressure pump is used for taking the pressure as the experimental pressurePIn a constant pressure mode, CO in the carbon dioxide container 2 Introducing into an intermediate container until the pressure of the intermediate container is stabilized at a pressurePWhen the process is finished, the import process is finished;
d. preparing nano-fluid reinforced carbonated water:
v in nanofluid base liquid container by using high-precision constant-speed constant-pressure pump N Introducing the nano-fluid base fluid into the nano-fluid enhanced carbonated water container in volume;
all CO in the intermediate container 2 Leading the water into a nano-fluid reinforced carbonated water container;
stirring the nanofluid base liquid in the nanofluid reinforced carbonated water container;
the experimental pressure is measured by using a high-precision constant-speed constant-pressure pumpPUnder the constant pressure mode, the pressure in the nano-fluid reinforced carbonized water container is always kept at the experimental pressureP；
When the pressure of the nano-fluid reinforced carbonized water container isPWhen the pump inlet flow of the constant-speed constant-pressure pump is kept constant and the high-precision constant-speed constant-pressure pump is kept constant at 0, CO is shown 2 No longer dissolving into the nano fluid, thereby forming nano fluid enhanced carbonated water, and recording the gas volume in the nano fluid enhanced carbonated water containerV gas ，
WhereinV gas The initial volume of the gas = the volume of the nano-fluid enhanced carbonated water container-the volume of the nano-fluid base liquid V N ；
(3) Calculating CO 2 Dissolution and verification of preparation accuracy:
a. calculating undissolved CO 2 Amount of substance: the calculation formula is shown as formula (II),
in the formula (II), the compound is shown in the specification,Pexperimental pressure, MPa;V gas the volume of gas in the carbonated water container is enhanced by the nano fluid, wherein the volume is mL;Z 1 is pressurePAnd temperatureTLower CO 2 A compression factor of (a);Texperimental temperature, K;n 1 as undissolved CO 2 Amount of substance, mol;
b. calculating dissolved CO 2 Amount of substance: the calculation formula is shown as formula (III),
in the formula (III), the compound represented by the formula (III),n Duan CO under Experimental conditions calculated for the Duan model 2 Amount of dissolved substance, mol;n 1 as undissolved CO 2 Amount of substance, mol;n 2 for dissolved CO 2 Amount of substance, mol;
c. calculating CO 2 Theoretical solubility of (b): the calculation formula is shown as formula (IV),
in the formula (IV), the compound is shown in the specification,S computing Is CO 2 Calculated solubility of (3), mL/mL;n 2 for dissolved CO 2 Amount of substance, mol;Ris a thermodynamic constant and has a value of 8.314J/(mol.K);T 0 is the indoor temperature, K;P 0 is atmospheric pressure, 0.1MPa;V N is the volume of nanofluid base fluid, mL;
d. measuring and calculating CO 2 Actual solubility of (a):
firstly, the pressure of the back pressure pump is set as the experimental pressurePUnder the displacement flow, a high-precision constant-speed constant-pressure pump is utilized to sequentially displace all undissolved gas and a certain amount of nano-fluid enhanced carbonized water in the nano-fluid solubilized carbonized water container to a gas separation device;
then, after the liquid is discharged, the measuring record is startedRecording gas outputV Gas 1 And the amount of liquid dischargedV Liquid 1 Wherein the gas yield isV Gas 1 Measured by a gas flowmeter to obtain the liquid outputV Liquid 1 Reading through scales on the liquid metering container;
finally, CO is calculated by the formula (V) 2 Amount of dissolution ofS Measuring ，
In the formula (V), the compound represented by the formula (V),S measuring Is CO 2 Actual solubility of (a), mL/mL;V gas 1 Gas output, mL;V liquid 1 The liquid outlet amount is mL;
e. verifying the preparation accuracy: by comparisonS Measuring AndS computing Judging whether the preparation of the nano-fluid reinforced carbonated water is finished or not; when (A), (B) isS Calculating out －S Measuring ）/S Measuring Less than 5% of CO in the nanofluid 2 The dissolution amount is reliable, and the preparation of the nano-fluid reinforced carbonated water is finished.
Further, in the preparation method of the thickened oil reservoir nano fluid reinforced carbonized water, in the step (1), the single dispersion time of the ultrasonic disperser is 15 to 30min, the dispersion times are 3 to 5, and cooling is carried out for 5 to 15min between every two dispersions.
Further, in the step (1) of the preparation method of the heavy oil reservoir nano fluid enhanced carbonated water, the soluble metal salt is NaCl, KCl or MgCl 2 、CaCl 2 And Na 2 SO 4 One of (1); the dispersant is polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) or sodium dodecyl sulfate; the nano particles are nano SiO 2 、Al 2 O 3 、TiO 2 And MWCNT.
Further, in the preparation method of the heavy oil reservoir nanofluid reinforced carbonated water, in the step (1), the salt concentration of the nanofluid base liquid is 0.1 to 5wt%; the concentration of the nano-particles in the nano-fluid base liquid is 0.05 to 0.3wt%; the concentration of the dispersing agent in the nanofluid base liquid is 0.1 to 5wt%.
Further, in the preparation method of the heavy oil reservoir nano fluid reinforced carbonated water, in the step (2), the volume of the nano fluid reinforced carbonated water container is 0.5-2L.
Further, the vacuumizing time in the step b of the preparation method of the heavy oil reservoir nano fluid reinforced carbonated water is 2-6 h.
Further, in the preparation method of the heavy oil reservoir nano fluid reinforced carbonated water, a slide block is adopted for stirring in the step (2) d, and the stirring speed of the slide block is 2-10 times/h.
Further, the displacement flow of the high-precision constant-speed constant-pressure pump in the step d of the preparation method of the heavy oil reservoir nano fluid reinforced carbonized water is 0.05 to 5mL/min.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention not only proposes to improve CO in the carbonized water by introducing the water-based nano fluid 2 Dissolving amount, enhancing CO 2 The mass transfer effect improves the oil displacement efficiency; and gives accurate judgment on CO in the prepared nano-fluid enhanced carbonized water 2 Whether the dissolved amount reaches the maximum dissolving degree or not, and then whether the obtained carbonized water is qualified or not is judged. The concrete advantages are as follows:
1. the nanometer fluid enhanced carbonated water preparation system provided by the invention can be used for preparing nanometer fluid enhanced carbonated water under the high-temperature and high-pressure oil reservoir condition, can be used for thick oil reservoir nanometer fluid enhanced carbonated water flooding experiments and mines, and can be used for improving the recovery ratio of the thick oil reservoir.
2. The invention introduces the nano fluid on the basis of the thickened oil reservoir carbonization water flooding, and the nano fluid is combined with the solubilized CO 2 And the advantages of mass transfer enhancement, provides the nano-fluid enhanced carbonized water for the heavy oil reservoir and the preparation method thereof, can break through the technical limitation of the traditional carbonized water flooding, and provides an effective technical means for the high-efficiency development of the heavy oil reservoir.
3. The nano fluid enhanced carbonized water can reduce the oil-water interfacial tension and the viscosity of thick oil, change the surface wettability of rocks, reduce the oil-water fluidity ratio on the one hand, and can strengthen CO on the other hand 2 Improving the expansion and loweringThe viscous effect is achieved, the thick oil fluidity is improved, the problem that the conventional carbonized water flooding efficiency is low is effectively solved, and the recovery ratio of a thick oil reservoir is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an experimental apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 shows CO 2 Is plotted against the trend of nanoparticle concentration.
FIG. 3 is CO 2 Trend plot of actual solubility versus experimental pressure.
The device comprises a high-precision constant-speed constant-pressure pump 1, a carbon dioxide container 2, an intermediate container 3, a nanofluid base liquid container 4, a nanofluid reinforced carbonated water container 5, a control valve 6, a pressure gauge 7, a vacuum pump 8, a back-pressure pump 9, a back-pressure valve 10, a gas-liquid separation container 11, a gas flowmeter 12, a liquid metering container 13 and a heating and heat-insulating sleeve 14.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
1. The high-precision constant-speed constant-pressure pump has the model number of TH-100C, the flow range of 0.01-35mL/min, the flow precision of 0.01mL, the volume of a single cylinder of 100mL and the working pressure of 60MPa. The high-precision constant-speed and constant-pressure pump is accurate in metering, high in precision, capable of working at a constant speed and a constant pressure, and mainly used for transferring fluid and applying pressure to a nano fluid reinforced carbonated water system.
2. The gas-liquid separation container is purchased from Yangzhou Huabao petroleum instrument limited company, the volume of the gas-liquid separation container is 500mL, and the highest working pressure is 10MPa.
3. The model of the ultrasonic disperser is SM-1000C, the working frequency range is 20 to 25KHz, the output power range is 10 to 1000W, the crushing capacity range is 0.1 to 700mL, the working temperature range is-40 to 200 ℃, and the ultrasonic disperser has the protection functions of self-diagnosis, program automatic error correction, overload, overtemperature protection display and the like.
4. The pumping speed of the vacuum pump in the invention is 2-5m 3 And h, the ultimate vacuum is 2 to 4Pa.
5. The highest working pressure of the back pressure pump and the back pressure valve is 50MPa.
6. The model of the gas flow meter is LMF-1, the gas flow meter is a wet type flow meter, the rated flow is 200L/h, the minimum scale is 0.008L, and the working pressure is 500-3000Pa.
Example 1
The preparation device of the heavy oil reservoir nano fluid enhanced carbonated water comprises four containers which are connected in parallel, namely a carbon dioxide container 2, an intermediate container 3, a nano fluid base liquid container 4 and a nano fluid enhanced carbonated water container 5; the bottoms of the four containers are communicated with the high-precision constant-speed constant-pressure pump 1 through control valves 6 and pipelines, and pressure gauges 7 are arranged on the pipelines close to the high-precision constant-speed constant-pressure pump 1; the tops of the four containers are respectively communicated with a vacuum pump 8 and a back pressure valve 10 through a pressure gauge 7, a control valve 6 and a pipeline; one end of a back pressure valve 10 is connected with a back pressure pump 9, and the other end of the back pressure valve 10 is connected with a gas-liquid separation container 11; the upper part of the gas-liquid separation container 11 is connected with a gas flowmeter 12 for collecting and metering gas separated out after gas-liquid separation; the lower part of the gas-liquid separation vessel 11 is connected to a liquid metering vessel 13. And heating insulation sleeves 14 are arranged on the outer sides of the carbon dioxide container 2, the intermediate container 3, the nano-fluid base liquid container 4 and the nano-fluid enhanced carbonized water container 5.
The preparation method of the thickened oil reservoir nano-fluid reinforced carbonated water by adopting the preparation device comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing a nanofluid base fluid: firstly, naCl, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and hydrophilic nano-particle SiO 2 Adding into distilled water, stirring until NaCl and PVP are completely dissolved to form suspension of nanoparticles (SiO) 2 The concentration is 0.1wt%, the PVP concentration is 1wt%, and the NaCl salt concentration is 0.5wt%; in the system, the nano particles can be kept in a uniformly dispersed state in the nano fluid reinforced carbonized water, and the CO is obviously improved 2 Solubility.
Dispersing the nano particle suspension by using an ultrasonic disperser; the output power of an ultrasonic disperser of the ultrasonic disperser is 150W, and the working frequency is 25kHz; the single dispersion time is 15min, the dispersion times are 3 times, wherein in order to prevent the base liquid of the nano fluid from being continuously dispersed, the temperature is overhigh, and the stability of the base liquid is lost, so the base liquid needs to be cooled for a period of time between two times of dispersion, and the cooling time is 5min between every two times of dispersion.
(2) Preparing nano-fluid reinforced carbonated water:
a. calculating the saturated dissolved amount of carbon dioxide in the NaCl aqueous solution of the saline water under the condition that the salt concentration of the nanofluid base liquid obtained in the step (1) is 0.5 wt%: according to experimental pressureP12MPa (gauge pressure here, and the pressures in the formula are absolute pressures, gauge pressure +0.1= absolute pressure), experimental temperatureTPreliminary calculation of experimental pressure based on Duan model at 313KPAnd experimental temperatureTCO in the lower brine 2 Saturated dissolution amountn Duan Calculating CO in the intermediate vessel according to formula (I) 2 Volume of (2)V Note 1 Can ensure CO injection 2 The amount of the CO is larger than that of the CO in the nanofluid base liquid 2 And (4) dissolving amount. The Duan model is CO proposed by Duan et al in 2003 2 Mathematical model of saturation solubility in brine, widely used for calculating CO 2 Saturated solubility in saline. Wherein the saline water is NaCl water solution, and the salt concentration is 0.5wt%;
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,P=12.1MPa；Z=0.3055；n Duan =1.607mol；R=8.314J/(mol·K)；T=313K。
calculated according to formula (I)V Note 1 =158.4mL。
b. Keeping the nano-fluid base liquid container and the nano-fluid enhanced carbonated water container in a vacuum state: measuring the nanofluid base liquid prepared in the step (1), and pouring the nanofluid base liquid into a nanofluid base liquid container, wherein the volume of the nanofluid base liquid is recorded as V N (ii) a Vacuumizing the nano-fluid base liquid container and the nano-fluid enhanced carbonated water container for 3 hours by using a vacuum pump;
c. preparation of high pressure CO 2 : setting the volume of the intermediate container to V Note 1 Using a high-precision constant-speed constant-pressure pumpUnder the constant pressure mode with the pressure of the experimental pressure P, CO in the carbon dioxide container is added 2 Leading the mixture into an intermediate container, and finishing the leading-in process when the pressure of the intermediate container is stabilized at the pressure P;
d. preparing nano-fluid reinforced carbonated water:
firstly, V in a nanofluid base liquid container is treated by utilizing a high-precision constant-speed constant-pressure pump N Introducing the nano-fluid base fluid into the nano-fluid enhanced carbonated water container in volume; all CO in the intermediate container 2 Leading the water into a nano-fluid reinforced carbonated water container; the slide block is utilized to stir the nano-fluid to strengthen the nano-fluid base liquid in the carbonized water container so as to improve CO 2 Dissolution rate in nanofluids;
due to CO 2 The pressure in the nano-fluid reinforced carbonized water container is continuously reduced by continuous dissolution, and the pressure in the nano-fluid reinforced carbonized water container is always kept at the experimental pressure by utilizing a high-precision constant-speed constant-pressure pump under the constant-pressure mode that the experimental pressure is PP；
When the pressure of the nano-fluid reinforced carbonized water container isPWhen the pump inlet flow of the high-precision constant-speed constant-pressure pump is kept constant and is 0, CO is shown 2 No longer dissolving into the nano fluid, thereby forming nano fluid enhanced carbonated water, and recording the gas volume in the nano fluid enhanced carbonated water containerV gas 32.42mL, the volume of the nanofluid reinforced carbonated water container was 1.5L, and the speed of the slide agitation was 4 reversals/h.
WhereinV gas The initial volume of the gas = the volume of the nano-fluid enhanced carbonated water container-the volume of the nano-fluid base liquid V N ；
(3) Calculating CO 2 Dissolution and verification of preparation accuracy:
a. calculating undissolved CO 2 Amount of substance: the calculation formula is shown as formula (II),
in the formula (II), the compound is shown in the specification,P=12.1MPa；V gas =32.42mL；Z 1 =0.3055；R=8.314J/(mol·K)；T=313K；
calculated according to formula (II):n 1 =0.493mol。
b. calculating dissolved CO 2 Amount of substance: the calculation formula is shown as formula (III),
in the formula (III), the compound represented by the formula (III),n Duan =1.607mol；n 1 =0.493mol。
calculated according to formula (III):n 2 =1.918mol。
c. calculating CO 2 Theoretical solubility of (b): the calculation formula is shown as formula (IV),
in the formula (IV), the compound is shown in the specification,n 2 =1.918mol；R=8.314J/(mol·K)；T 0 =298.1K；P 0 =0.1MPa；V N =1300mL；
s is obtained by calculation according to formula (IV) Computing =36.563mL/mL。
d. Measuring and calculating CO 2 Actual solubility of (a):
firstly, the pressure of the back pressure pump is set as the experimental pressurePUnder the displacement flow of 0.05mL/min, all undissolved gas and a certain amount of nano-fluid enhanced carbonized water in the nano-fluid solubilized carbonized water container are sequentially displaced to a gas separation device by using a high-precision constant-speed constant-pressure pump;
then, after the liquid is discharged, the gas output is measured and recordedV Gas 1 And the amount of liquid dischargedV Liquid 1 Wherein the gas output isV Gas 1 Measured by a gas flowmeter to obtain the liquid outputV Liquid 1 Reading through scales on the liquid metering container;
finally, CO is calculated by the formula (V) 2 Amount of dissolution ofS Measuring ，
In the formula (V), the compound represented by the formula (V),V gas 1 =678.1mL；V Liquid 1 The liquid outlet amount is =18.9mL;
calculated according to formula (V):S measuring =35.88mL/mL。
e. Verifying the preparation accuracy: by comparisonS Measuring AndS computing Judging whether the preparation of the nano-fluid reinforced carbonated water is finished or not; (S Computing －S Measuring ）/S Measuring If = 36.563-35.88)/35.88 =1.90% < 5%, CO in the nanofluid base liquid 2 The dissolution amount is reliable, and the preparation of the nano-fluid reinforced carbonated water is finished.
Example 2
In this example, the concentration of nanoparticles was examined for nanofluid-reinforced carbonated water CO 2 The effect of solubility.
The experimental equipment was the same as in example 1, and the differences between the experimental method and example 1 are shown in table 1 below:
TABLE 1 Effect of nanoparticle concentration on Nanofluidic enhanced Carbonized Water CO2 solubility
From the data analysis in Table 1 and with reference to FIG. 2, it can be seen that SiO was present at a concentration of 0.05 to 0.3wt% at 40 ℃ and 10.2MPa 2 Nano-fluid reinforced carbonated water CO 2 Has solubility higher than that of carbonated water and has CO solubilizing effect 2 The effect of (1).
Wherein the SiO concentration is 0.1wt% 2 The nanofluid enhances the solubilization of the carbonated water most effectively.
And SiO in a concentration of 0.1wt% 2 The solubilization effect of the nano-fluid enhanced carbonized water is not as good as that of the nano-fluid enhanced carbonized water at the concentration of 0.1wt%, which indicates that the nano-fluid enhanced carbonized water is not beneficial to CO at the higher concentration of the nano-particles 2 Dissolution in nanofluids, the optimum concentration for solubilization in the experiment was 0.1wt%. This is mainly due to the fact that as the concentration is further increased, so that the particle size increases, the nanoparticles tend to aggregate in the lower part of the liquid phase, and the number of nanoparticles having adsorption activity decreases significantly.
Example 3
In this example, the pressure is examined for the nanofluid-reinforced carbonated water CO 2 The effect of solubility.
The experimental equipment was the same as in example 1, and the differences between the experimental method and example 1 are shown in table 2 below:
TABLE 2 pressure vs. nanofluid enhancement of carbonated water CO 2 Effect of solubility
From the data analysis in Table 2 and with reference to FIG. 3, it can be seen that SiO increases with the experimental pressure at 40 deg.C 2 Nano-fluid reinforced carbonated water CO 2 The solubility of (A) is continuously increased, which shows that SiO is increased along with the increase of the experimental pressure 2 The solubilization effect of the nano fluid enhanced carbonized water is enhanced, and the effect of mass transfer enhancement is increased.
Comparative example 1
The preparation method of the heavy oil reservoir nano fluid reinforced carbonated water of the comparative example comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing a base liquid: naCl is added into distilled water and stirred until NaCl is completely dissolved to form base liquid with NaCl salt concentration of 0.5wt%.
(2) Preparing carbonized water:
a. calculating the saturated dissolved amount of carbon dioxide under the condition that the salt concentration of the base solution obtained in the step (1) is 0.5 wt%: according to experimentsPressure ofP12MPa, experimental temperatureTPreliminary calculation of experimental pressure based on Duan model at 313KPAnd experimental temperatureTCO in the lower brine 2 Saturated dissolution amountn Duan Calculating CO in the intermediate vessel according to formula (I) 2 Volume of (2)V Note 1 . The Duan model is CO proposed by Duan et al in 2003 2 Mathematical model of saturation solubility in brine, widely used for calculating CO 2 Saturated solubility in saline. Wherein the saline water is NaCl water solution, and the salt concentration is 0.5wt%;
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,P=12.1MPa；Z=0.3055；n Duan =1.607mol；R=8.314J/(mol·K)；T=313K。
calculated according to formula (I)V Note 1 =158.4mL。
b. Keeping the nano-fluid base liquid container and the nano-fluid enhanced carbonated water container in a vacuum state: measuring the base liquid prepared in the step (1), pouring the base liquid into a nanofluid base liquid container, wherein the volume of the base liquid is recorded as V N (ii) a Vacuumizing the nano-fluid base liquid container and the nano-fluid enhanced carbonated water container for 3 hours by using a vacuum pump;
c. preparation of high pressure CO 2 : setting the volume of the intermediate container to V Note 1 Using a high-precision constant-speed constant-pressure pump to pump CO in a carbon dioxide container in a constant-pressure mode with the pressure as the experimental pressure P 2 Leading the mixture into an intermediate container, and finishing the leading-in process when the pressure of the intermediate container is stabilized at a pressure P;
d. preparing carbonized water:
firstly, V in a nanofluid base liquid container is pressed by a high-precision constant-speed constant-pressure pump N Introducing the volume of the base liquid into the nano-fluid reinforced carbonated water container; all CO in the intermediate container 2 Leading the water into a nano-fluid reinforced carbonated water container; the slide block is utilized to stir the nano fluid to strengthen the base liquid in the carbonated water container so as to improve CO 2 Dissolution in base fluidsSpeed;
due to CO 2 The pressure in the nano-fluid enhanced carbonated water container is continuously reduced by continuous dissolution, and the pressure in the nano-fluid enhanced carbonated water container is always kept at the experimental pressure by utilizing a high-precision constant-speed constant-pressure pump under the constant-pressure mode that the experimental pressure is PP；
When the pressure of the nano-fluid reinforced carbonized water container isPWhen the pump inlet flow of the high-precision constant-speed constant-pressure pump is kept constant and is 0, CO is shown 2 No longer dissolved into the base liquid, thereby forming carbonized water, recording the gas volume in the nano-fluid enhanced carbonized water containerV gas 42.18mL, the volume of the nanofluid reinforced carbonated water container was 1.5L, and the speed of the slide agitation was reversed 4 times/h.
WhereinV gas The initial volume of the gas = the volume of the nano-fluid enhanced carbonated water container-the volume of the nano-fluid base liquid V N ；
(3) Calculating CO 2 Dissolution amount and verification of preparation accuracy:
a. calculating undissolved CO 2 Amount of substance: the calculation formula is shown as formula (II),
in the formula (II), the compound is shown in the specification,P=12.1MPa；V gas =42.18mL；Z 1 =0.3055；R=8.314J/(mol·K)；T=313K；
calculated according to formula (II): n is 1 =0.642mol。
b. Calculating dissolved CO 2 Amount of substance: the calculation formula is shown as formula (III),
in the formula (III), the compound represented by the formula (III),n Duan =1.607mol；n 1 =0.642mol；
calculated according to formula (III):n 2 =1.769mol；
c. calculating CO 2 Theoretical solubility of (b): the calculation formula is shown as formula (IV),
in the formula (IV), the reaction mixture is,n 2 =1.769mol；R=8.314J/(mol·K)；T 0 =296K；P 0 =0.1MPa；V N =1300mL；
s is obtained by calculation according to formula (IV) Computing =33.37mL/mL。
d. Measuring and calculating CO 2 Actual solubility of (a):
firstly, the pressure of the back pressure pump is set as the experimental pressurePUnder the displacement flow of 0.05mL/min, all undissolved gas and a certain amount of nano-fluid enhanced carbonized water in the nano-fluid solubilized carbonized water container are sequentially displaced to a gas separation device by using a high-precision constant-speed constant-pressure pump;
then, after the liquid is discharged, the gas output is measured and recordedV Gas 1 And the amount of liquid dischargedV Liquid 1 Wherein the gas output isV Gas 1 Measured by a gas flowmeter to obtain the liquid outputV Liquid 1 Reading through scales on the liquid metering container;
finally, CO is calculated by the formula (V) 2 Amount of dissolution ofS Measuring ，
In the formula (V), the compound represented by the formula (V),V gas 1 =516.75mL；V Liquid 1 The liquid outlet amount is =15.8mL;
calculated according to formula (V):S measuring =32.71mL/mL。
e. Verifying the preparation accuracy: by comparisonS Measuring And withS Computing Judging whether the preparation of the nano-fluid reinforced carbonated water is finished or not; (S Computing －S Side survey ）/S Measuring If the ratio of (33.37-32.71)/32.71 =2.02% < 5%, CO in the nanofluid base liquid 2 The dissolution amount is reliable, and the preparation of the nano-fluid reinforced carbonated water is finished.
As can be seen from the comparison of example 1 with comparative example 1: compared with the carbonated water, the prepared nano fluid enhances the CO of the carbonated water under the same condition 2 The solubility was measured to be 9.69% higher than that of carbonated water.
The reason is that: on a gas-liquid mass transfer interface, nanoparticles with smaller particle sizes perform random Brownian motion at any time, can permeate into the gas-liquid mass transfer interface and perform reciprocating motion, and in the time, due to the unique physical properties of the particle surfaces, the particles can adsorb a part of gas in the interface and can move along with the particles to a fluid to play a role in solubilization; the gas and the nanofluid are mutually contacted, the surfaces of the small bubbles diffused into the fluid are coated by the electrolyte, so that the surfaces of the bubbles are charged and mutually repelled, the coalescence of the bubbles is inhibited, and meanwhile, the fine nano particles are also adsorbed on the surfaces of the bubbles, thereby increasing the rigidity of the bubbles and inhibiting the coalescence of the bubbles.
Nanofluid enhanced CO in carbonated water 2 The solubility is higher than that of carbonized water, and the mass transfer effect of the nano particles is strengthened so that CO is generated in the displacement process 2 The solubility of the gas in the thickened oil is also increased, which is beneficial to viscosity reduction and expansion of the thickened oil, improves the fluidity ratio and delays the breakthrough of injected fluid; on the other hand, the nano-fluid enhanced carbonated water can reduce the oil-water interfacial tension, change the rock surface wettability, enable crude oil to be easier to strip from the rock surface, and is beneficial to improving the ultimate recovery ratio.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation device of the thickened oil reservoir nano-fluid reinforced carbonated water is characterized by comprising four containers which are connected in parallel, namely a carbon dioxide container, a middle container, a nano-fluid base fluid container and a nano-fluid reinforced carbonated water container; the bottoms of the four containers are communicated with the constant-speed constant-pressure pumps through control valves and pipelines, and pressure gauges are arranged on the pipelines close to the constant-speed constant-pressure pumps; the tops of the four containers are respectively communicated with a vacuum pump and a back pressure valve through a pressure gauge, a control valve and a pipeline; one end of the back pressure valve is connected with the back pressure pump, and the other end of the back pressure valve is connected with the gas-liquid separation container; the upper part of the gas-liquid separation container is connected with a gas flowmeter, and the lower part of the gas-liquid separation container is connected with a liquid metering container.
2. The heavy oil reservoir nanofluid reinforced carbonated water preparation device according to claim 1, wherein heating insulation sleeves are arranged on the outer sides of the carbon dioxide container, the intermediate container, the nanofluid base liquid container and the nanofluid reinforced carbonated water container.
3. A preparation method of the heavy oil reservoir nano fluid enhanced carbonated water by adopting the preparation device of claim 1 or 2, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Preparing a nanofluid base fluid: firstly, adding soluble metal salt, a dispersing agent and nano particles into distilled water, and stirring until the soluble metal salt and the dispersing agent are completely dissolved to form a nano particle suspension; dispersing the nano particle suspension by using an ultrasonic disperser;
(2) Preparing nano-fluid reinforced carbonated water:
a. calculating the saturated dissolved amount of carbon dioxide in the saline water under the salt concentration condition of the nanofluid base liquid obtained in the step (1): according to experimental pressurePAnd experimental temperatureTPreliminary calculation of experimental pressure based on the Duan modelPAnd experimental temperatureTCO in the lower brine 2 Saturated dissolution amountn Duan Calculating CO in the intermediate vessel according to formula (I) 2 Volume of (2)V Note 1 (ii) a Wherein the saline water is the water solution of soluble metal salt in the nanofluid base fluid in the step (1), and the salt concentration is the same as that in the nanofluid base fluid;
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,Pthe experimental pressure, MPa;Zto experimental pressurePAnd experimental temperatureTLower CO 2 A compression factor of (a);n Duan CO under Experimental conditions calculated for the Duan model 2 Amount of dissolved substance, mol;Ris a thermodynamic constant with a value of 8.314J/(mol. K);Tis the experimental temperature, K;V note 1 For CO in the intermediate vessel 2 Volume, mL;
b. keeping the nano-fluid base liquid container and the nano-fluid enhanced carbonated water container in a vacuum state: measuring the nanofluid base liquid prepared in the step (1), and pouring the nanofluid base liquid into a nanofluid base liquid container, wherein the volume of the nanofluid base liquid is recorded as V N (ii) a Vacuumizing the nanofluid base liquid container and the nanofluid reinforced carbonated water container by using a vacuum pump;
c. preparation of high pressure CO 2 : setting the volume of the intermediate container to V Note 1 Using a constant-speed constant-pressure pump to pump CO in a carbon dioxide container in a constant-pressure mode with the pressure as the experimental pressure P 2 Leading the mixture into an intermediate container, and finishing the leading-in process when the pressure of the intermediate container is stabilized at the pressure P;
d. preparing nano-fluid reinforced carbonated water:
v in nanofluid-based liquid container by constant-speed constant-pressure pump N Introducing the nano-fluid base fluid into the nano-fluid enhanced carbonated water container in volume;
all CO in the intermediate container 2 Leading the water into a nano-fluid reinforced carbonated water container;
stirring the nanofluid base liquid in the nanofluid reinforced carbonated water container;
the pressure in the nano-fluid enhanced carbonated water container is always kept at the experimental pressure by utilizing a constant-speed constant-pressure pump in a constant-pressure mode with the experimental pressure of PP；
When the pressure of the nano-fluid reinforced carbonized water container isPThe constant-speed constant-pressure pump keeps constant when the pump inlet flow is 0When it is indicated that CO is present 2 No longer dissolving into the nano fluid, thereby forming nano fluid enhanced carbonated water, and recording the gas volume in the nano fluid enhanced carbonated water containerV gas ，
WhereinV gas = initial gas volume-constant-speed constant-pressure pumping quantity, initial gas volume = volume of nanofluid reinforced carbonated water container-volume of nanofluid base liquid V N ；
(3) Calculating CO 2 Dissolution and verification of preparation accuracy:
a. calculating undissolved CO 2 Amount of substance: the calculation formula is shown as formula (II),
in the formula (II), the compound is shown in the specification,Pexperimental pressure, MPa;V gas the volume of gas in the carbonated water container is enhanced by the nano fluid, wherein the volume is mL;Z 1 is pressurePAnd temperatureTLower CO 2 A compression factor of (a);Texperimental temperature, K;n 1 as undissolved CO 2 Amount of substance, mol;
b. calculating dissolved CO 2 Amount of substance: the calculation formula is shown as formula (III),
in the formula (III), the compound represented by the formula (III),n Duan CO under Experimental conditions calculated for the Duan model 2 Amount of dissolved substance, mol;n 1 as undissolved CO 2 Amount of substance, mol;n 2 for dissolved CO 2 Amount of substance, mol;
c. calculating CO 2 Theoretical solubility of (b): the calculation formula is shown as formula (IV),
in the formula (IV), the compound is shown in the specification,S computing Is CO 2 Calculated solubility of (3), mL/mL;n 2 for dissolved CO 2 Amount of substance, mol;Ris a thermodynamic constant with a value of 8.314J/(mol. K);T 0 is the indoor temperature, K;P 0 is atmospheric pressure, 0.1MPa;V N is the volume of nanofluid base fluid, mL;
d. measuring and calculating CO 2 Actual solubility of (a):
firstly, the pressure of the back pressure pump is set as the experimental pressurePUnder the displacement flow, all undissolved gas and a certain amount of nanofluid reinforced carbonized water in the nanofluid solubilization carbonized water container are sequentially displaced to a gas separation device by using a constant-speed constant-pressure pump;
then, after the liquid is discharged, the gas output is measured and recordedV Gas 1 And the amount of liquid dischargedV Liquid 1 Wherein the gas yield isV Gas 1 Measured by a gas flowmeter to obtain the liquid outputV Liquid 1 Reading through scales on the liquid metering container;
finally, CO is calculated by the formula (V) 2 Amount of dissolution ofS Measuring ，
In the formula (V), the compound represented by the formula (V),S measuring Is CO 2 Actual solubility of (a), mL/mL;V gas 1 Gas output, mL;V liquid 1 The liquid outlet amount is mL;
e. verifying the preparation accuracy: by comparisonS Measuring AndS computing Judging whether the preparation of the nano-fluid reinforced carbonated water is finished or not; when (A), (B) isS Computing －S Measuring ）/S Measuring Less than 5% of CO in the nanofluid 2 The dissolution amount is reliable, and the preparation of the nano-fluid reinforced carbonated water is finished.
4. The preparation method of the heavy oil reservoir nano fluid reinforced carbonated water as claimed in claim 3, wherein the single dispersion time of the ultrasonic disperser in the step (1) is 15 to 30min, the dispersion times are 3 to 5, and the cooling time is 5 to 15min between every two dispersions.
5. The heavy oil reservoir nanofluid reinforced carbonated water preparation method according to claim 3, wherein the soluble metal salt in the step (1) is NaCl, KCl or MgCl 2 、CaCl 2 And Na 2 SO 4 One of (1); the dispersant is polyvinylpyrrolidone or sodium dodecyl sulfate; the nano particles are nano SiO 2 、Al 2 O 3 、TiO 2 And MWCNT.
6. The preparation method of the heavy oil reservoir nanofluid reinforced carbonated water according to claim 3, wherein the salt concentration of the nanofluid base fluid in the step (1) is 0.1-5 wt%; the concentration of the nano-particles in the nano-fluid base liquid is 0.05 to 0.3wt%; the concentration of the dispersing agent in the nanofluid base liquid is 0.1 to 5wt%.
7. The preparation method of the heavy oil reservoir nano fluid reinforced carbonated water as claimed in claim 3, wherein the volume of the nano fluid reinforced carbonated water container in the step (2) is 0.5-2L.
8. The method for preparing the heavy oil reservoir nano fluid reinforced carbonated water as claimed in claim 3, wherein the time for vacuumizing in step (2) b is 2-6 h.
9. The preparation method of the heavy oil reservoir nanofluid reinforced carbonated water according to claim 3, wherein a slide block is adopted for stirring in the step d of the step (2), and the stirring speed of the slide block is 2 to 10 times/h of overturning.
10. The preparation method of the heavy oil reservoir nano fluid reinforced carbonated water as claimed in claim 3, wherein the displacement flow of the constant-speed and constant-pressure pump in the step d of step (3) is 0.05-5mL/min.
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