CN115820123B - Stone cultural relic color filling protection material and preparation and use methods thereof - Google Patents
Stone cultural relic color filling protection material and preparation and use methods thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115820123B CN115820123B CN202211238727.4A CN202211238727A CN115820123B CN 115820123 B CN115820123 B CN 115820123B CN 202211238727 A CN202211238727 A CN 202211238727A CN 115820123 B CN115820123 B CN 115820123B
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Landscapes
- Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a stone cultural relic surface color filling protection material, a preparation method and a use method thereof, and aims to provide a novel stone cultural relic surface color filling protection material which can meet the display requirement of stone carving, does not have adverse effect on stone carving and can be replaced without obstacle when a new material with better performance is provided on the basis of fully considering the influence of the color filling material on cultural relic material and considering the influence on stone carving color filling cleaning and secondary color filling. The stone cultural relic color filling protection material is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: 14-20% of natural mineral pigment, 60-72% of swimming bladder glue and 14-20% of nano modified material; the mass percentage is based on the total mass of the color filling protection material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cultural relic restoration, in particular to a stone cultural relic color filling protection material and a preparation and use method thereof.
Background
The stone cultural relics are the most important cultural relics in the historical development process of human beings, and have important historical cultural values. Mainly comprises a cliff carving, a statue, a stele, a price, a inscription, a building stone carving and the like. The large-scale morse stone is engraved on the cliff wall, and most of the large-scale morse stone is filled with color to show the information and value of the morse stone, the statue and the inscription. According to investigation, the color-filling material is prepared by adding natural mineral pigment into animal glue when ancient people fill the colors of stone relics, and the traditional color-filling material has the characteristics of bright color and difficult fading, but the animal glue has poor stability, is easily mildewed, pulverized and the like under the influence of external factors, and causes the falling of the color-filling material.
The method is limited by the restriction of cultural relic protection technology and concept, and most of cliff engraving and imaging in recent years adopt paint and emulsion paint for color filling, so that on one hand, the artistic value of the cultural relics is greatly reduced after the modern paint and emulsion paint are adopted for color filling, the looking is hindered, and on the other hand, the painting of the paint and the emulsion paint can cause the blockage of pores of the cultural relics, influence the volatilization of water in the rock, cause the enrichment of soluble salt and adversely affect the preservation and protection of the cultural relics. Meanwhile, the paint and the emulsion paint are easy to fade, discolor, lift nail, peel off and other diseases under the influence of external environment, and damage to cultural relics can be caused when serious.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the existing color filling protection technology, the invention provides a color filling protection material for the surface of a stone cultural relic, and aims to provide a novel color filling protection material for the surface of the stone cultural relic, which not only can meet the display requirement of stone carving, but also can not have adverse effect on stone carving, and can be replaced without obstacle when a new material with better performance is provided.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a stone cultural relic color filling protection material, which is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: 14-20% of natural mineral pigment, 60-72% of swimming bladder glue and 14-20% of nano modified material; the mass percentage is based on the total mass of the color filling protection material.
Further, the composite material is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: 20% of natural mineral pigment, 60% of swimming bladder glue and 20% of nano modified material.
Further, the natural mineral pigment is one or more of chalk, gray calcium powder, white mica, siderite, titanium pigment, cinnabar, hematite, realgar, estramur, lead yellow, rock, celadon and malachite green.
Further, the solid content of the swimming bladder glue is 10%.
Further, the nano modified material is a nano silicon dioxide solution, the solid content of the nano modified material is 30%, and the particle size distribution (D50) is less than or equal to 15nm.
The second aspect of the invention provides a preparation method of a stone cultural relic color filling protection material, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: selection and preparation of natural mineral pigments: selecting proper natural ore according to the characteristics and the requirements of the color-filled objects, crushing, grinding, classifying, refining to obtain pigment powder with different particle diameters, and screening the pigment powder for later use;
step 2: preparation of fish glue: the fish maw glue can be prepared from fresh fish maw, dried fish maw or fish maw glue product with solid content of 10%;
step 3: and (3) modifying the swimming bladder glue: cooling the prepared swimming bladder glue with the solid content of 10%, adding a nano silicon dioxide solution with the solid content of 30% and the particle size distribution (D50) of less than or equal to 15nm, wherein the mass ratio of the swimming bladder glue to the nano silicon dioxide solution is 3:1, fully stirring to finish the modification of the swimming bladder glue;
step 4: preparing a color filling protection material: and (3) taking a proper amount of modified swimming bladder glue, adding a proper amount of natural mineral pigment, and uniformly stirring.
Further: the preparation of the fish glue comprises the following steps:
step 1: after fresh swimming bladder is obtained, the thin film, fat layer and capillary of the swimming bladder wall should be peeled off, longitudinally split into slices, rinsed, and the blood stain removed, soaked in about 0.05% alum solution for several minutes, the alum should not be too much so as not to affect the luster of the product, after carefully rinsed, made into slices or strips, pressed to remove water, dried in the air, and the product is in semitransparent and yellowish slices, namely the dried swimming bladder.
Step 2: foaming. Putting the selected swimming bladder into clear water for soaking, shearing the swimming bladder into small blocks as small as possible after the swimming bladder is softened, and continuously soaking for 24 hours.
Step 3: steaming in a pot. When the body of the air bladder becomes soft and the whole body turns white, the air bladder is fished out from the water, the water is scraped up and put in a plate, and the plate is put in a pressure cooker (or a common steamer) for steaming for about three and forty minutes, and a piece of air bladder is taken to be bitten by teeth, and the air bladder feels soft and sticks to teeth.
Step 4: and (5) smashing the glue. Taking out the glue, immediately putting the glue into a garlic mortar, and pounding for a long time (the glue is generally pounded on a chopping board in the past), wherein the longer the pounding time is, the better the air bladder is, so that the glue yield is high. If pectin is dry, appropriate amount of boiled water can be added, and mashing can be continued.
Step 5: and (5) boiling the glue. Taking out the beaten glue, putting the beaten glue on gauze, and packaging the beaten glue. Boiling water with an iron pot, placing an iron bowl in the pot, placing proper amount of boiled water, placing gauze in the iron bowl, soaking while extruding, and repeating until the glue solution completely permeates into the bowl. The rest air bladder slag can be dried for next use.
Step 6: and (5) airing. Pouring the glue solution in the bowl into a large and flat appliance, enabling the glue solution to be condensed into a thin jelly at the bottom of the appliance, uncovering the appliance for a period of time, tearing the appliance into small blocks, airing the appliance at a ventilation position until the water is completely volatilized, drying the glue and hardening the glue, and storing the glue in the closed appliance for use.
Step 7: and (3) glue solution preparation: 10g of dried fish maw glue is taken, 90g of deionized water is added, soaking is carried out for 10-15 hours, then scissors are used for shearing, boiling is carried out for 4 hours in a constant-temperature water bath at 80 ℃, stirring is carried out continuously in the boiling process, deionized water is added, and the solid content of the glue solution is ensured to be 10% after the glue solution is manufactured.
The invention provides a use method of the stone cultural relic surface color filling protection material, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, cleaning and washing surface pollutants of stone relics to remove the surface pollutants in a region to be filled;
step 2, cleaning and drying for 24 hours, and performing color filling treatment when the water content of the surface layer is less than 5%;
step 3, mixing the color filling material in situ, stirring uniformly before use, and completing the preparation of the color filling material according to the steps;
and 4, firstly, using a line hooking pen to dip the prepared color filling material to carry out the description on the stone carving, namely directly copying the stone carving according to the size of the character groove and the thickness of the line. In the color filling process, the color filling material needs to be repeatedly and uniformly coated, sagging and uneven thickness of the material cannot be generated, and attention is paid to the fact that the color filling material cannot be coated outside the stone carving color filling area;
step 5: the nondestructive testing technology is adopted to test the free water permeability and ultrasonic wave velocity of the front surface and the rear surface of the color filling protection of the color filling area, the chromaticity of the whole color filling area is detected, and the color filling effect is checked and evaluated on site through the comparative analysis of data.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1) The color filling protection material is modified by a technological means based on the traditional material and technology, has the advantages of the traditional material and the modern material, and has the good characteristics of natural environment protection, no toxicity, no harm, no corrosion, good environmental aging resistance, difficult fading and color change;
2) The color filling protection material has the advantages of abundant and easily available raw materials, low price, simple and feasible preparation process, no adverse effect on operators and convenient treatment of the residual materials;
3) The color filling protection material and the preparation method thereof are suitable for color filling protection work of stone relics such as cliff, inscription, cliff modeling and the like, the change of the properties of the stone relics after color filling is small, the relic materials can still keep excellent pore penetrability and air permeability, the moisture in the stone can be communicated with the outside in a vapor mode, the normal exchange of vapor can be carried out on the whole after color filling, the requirements of the stone relic protection display can be met in the color filling protection of the stone relics, and the damage to the relic body can be avoided;
4) The color filling protection material has better reversibility and reprocessing property, and once a new material with better performance is available, the material can be replaced without barriers, thereby meeting the principle and requirement of cultural relic protection.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing comparison of cleaning results in the reworkable performance test of example 1;
FIG. 2 is a comparative view of the appearance of the "longevity" color-filled material of example 1;
FIG. 3 is a comparative view showing the appearance of the "Xuantianmiao" color-filling process in example 1;
FIG. 4 is a comparison of the appearance of a pair of wind tunnel lithology (one) before and after color filling;
FIG. 5 is a comparison of the appearance of the para-wind tunnel stone (II) stone before and after filling;
fig. 6 is a comparison of the appearance of the para-wind tunnel lithotomy (three) before and after filling with color.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, other embodiments that a person skilled in the art would obtain without carrying out a breakthrough study are all within the scope of the present invention. In addition, the technical features of the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not collide with each other.
Example 1
In this embodiment, a national key cultural relic protection unit Ji Yunshan is used as an implementation object, and an indoor research test and an on-site color filling protection project are carried out in 2015 to 2017, and the indoor research test result obtains the approval of the national cultural relic bureau, and the on-site implementation project passes the acceptance of the cultural relic bureau of Anhui province, specifically as follows:
1. indoor research test
(1) Sample preparation
The embodiment uses red sandstone which is the same as the stone carving material of the national important cultural relic protection unit Ji Yunshan as a color filling case. The sandstone is selected in the material experiment, and is taken from the origin of Ji Yunshan lithology, and the specification of the sample is 10mm multiplied by 5mm multiplied by 2cm, and 5mm multiplied by 2 cm.
The stone relic surface color filling protection material is prepared by the following method:
step 1: according to the color of Ji Yunshan stone carving original color filling material, selecting proper natural ore, crushing, grinding, grading, refining to obtain pigment powder with different particle diameters, and screening to reserve;
step 2: taking 10g of dried fish maw glue, adding 90g of deionized water, soaking for 10-15 hours, then shearing by scissors, decocting in a constant-temperature water bath at 80 ℃ for 4 hours, continuously stirring in the decocting process, adding the deionized water, and ensuring the solid content of the glue solution to be 10% after the glue solution is prepared;
step 3: cooling the prepared swimming bladder glue with the solid content of 10%, adding a certain amount of nano silicon dioxide solution with the solid content of 30% and the particle size distribution (D50) of less than or equal to 15nm, and fully stirring to finish the modification of the swimming bladder glue;
step 4: taking a proper amount of modified swimming bladder glue, adding a proper amount of natural mineral pigment, and uniformly stirring;
step 5: and uniformly coating the prepared color filling materials with different proportions on the test sample plate, and naturally drying for one week for later use.
The components and mass ratios of the stone carving surface color filling material are shown in the following table-1.
TABLE-1
Comparative example
Comparative examples are existing paints and latex paints, numbered 1 (paint) and 2 (latex paint) and 0 (blank).
(2) Material property test
In the test process, in order to analyze and judge the influence of the color filling materials with different proportions, components and types on the rock performance and the environmental aging resistance, a water repellency test, an air permeability test, an adhesive force test and a water resistance test are respectively completed for each test sample plate, and the water repellency test method is carried out by adopting a Kadset pipe according to a standard DIN 52617; the air permeability test method is carried out by adopting a wet cup method; the adhesive force test method is carried out by a cross-cut tester; the water resistance test was performed by a dipping method.
Test results
The results of the respective performance tests of the samples are shown in the following Table-2
TABLE-2
According to the test data, after paint and emulsion paint are painted on the test sample plate, the free water permeability of the rock surface is obviously reduced, the water vapor transmission capacity is almost zero, and the fact that the paint and the emulsion paint are painted on the pore structure of the rock is blocked and closed is indicated.
(3) Environmental aging resistance test
To further determine the environmental aging resistance of the color-filled protective material used in the examples, an environmental simulated aging test was conducted for 42 cycles of aging, each cycle being 24 hours. Indoor items include: comprehensive environmental aging test, ultraviolet aging test and SO 2 And (3) gas corrosion test and rain test. And evaluating the environmental aging resistance of the material according to the change conditions of appearance, chromaticity and adhesive force of each test template before and after the test.
Test results
The results of the environmental aging test of the test pieces are shown in tables-3, 4 and 5 below.
TABLE-3 appearance changes of each of the plaques before and after the aging test
TABLE-4 color change (color difference) of each sample plate before and after aging test
TABLE-5 comparison of the adhesion of color-filling materials to various panels before and after aging test
After the aging test of the simulated environment with 42 cycles, the analysis of the change data of the appearance, the color difference and the adhesive force before and after the aging test of the test sample plate of the painted different color filling protection materials shows that the appearance change is obvious after the aging of the test sample plate of the painted paint and the emulsion paint, the phenomena of cracking, falling and fading with different degrees appear, the color difference value is higher, and the adhesive force is obviously lower. The appearance of the test sample plate using the natural mineral pigment, the swimming bladder glue and the nano-scale silicon dioxide color filling protection material is not obviously changed after aging, part of the sample plate is slightly dropped and faded, the color difference value is lower, and the adhesive force is not obviously reduced.
In the whole, the color filling protection material has the optimal environmental aging resistance when the proportion of natural mineral pigment is 20%, the swimming bladder glue is 60% and the nano-scale silicon dioxide is 20%, and the color filling protection material is used in comprehensive environmental aging tests, ultraviolet aging tests and SO 2 The gas corrosion test and the rain test do not have obvious shedding and fading phenomena, and the adhesive force is kept better.
(4) Reprocessable performance test
According to the Chinese ancient site protection rule and the industry requirement, a mature technology which is verified to be beneficial to long-term preservation of the ancient site of the cultural relic should be used in the protection of the cultural relic, and the original technology and materials of the ancient site of the cultural relic should be protected. The traditional technology which is scientific and beneficial to long-term protection of cultural relics should be inherited. All new materials and processes are required to pass early tests, and the method is proved to be practical and effective, harmless and unimpeded for long-term preservation of cultural relics and can be used. The protection technical measures applied to the ancient cultural relics should not prevent further protection later, and the protection measures with reversibility should be adopted as much as possible, so that when better technical measures are available, the prior technical measures can be cancelled without losing the ancient cultural relics body and the value thereof.
In order to verify the reversibility and the reworkability of the protective material in example 1, a reworkability performance test was performed, a test template was made of Ji Yunshan local red sandstone, and then a color-filling protective material was prepared according to the above proportions, and was painted onto the test template, and naturally dried for one week, to perform a surface color-filling protective material removal test.
As shown in FIG. 1, through a reprocessable performance test, the color filling protection material on the surface of the YB1 sample plate can not be removed basically by adopting a method of directly brushing clean water, the color filling protection material on the surface of the YB2 sample plate can be removed basically, but a small amount of residues exist, and the color filling protection material on the surface of the YB3 sample plate can be removed completely. The method adopts the modes of saturated steam cleaning and clear water scrubbing to clean the camera, can completely remove the color filling protection materials on the surfaces of the three test templates, and has no residue. The rock itself is not damaged in the cleaning process, and the implementation of color filling protection work is not influenced.
2. In-situ color filling protection
(1) Color filling protective material
The color filling material comprises the following components by mass percent, 20% of natural mineral pigment, 60% of swimming bladder glue and 20% of nano-scale silicon dioxide, wherein the natural mineral pigment is estrone, celadon stone and titanium white, the swimming bladder glue is natural swimming bladder glue solution with the solid content of 10%, and the nano-scale silicon dioxide is nano-scale silicon dioxide solution with the solid content of 30% and the particle size distribution (D50) of less than or equal to 15nm.
(2) The stone relic surface color filling protection material is prepared by the following method:
step 1: according to the color of Ji Yunshan stone-carved primary color filling material, selecting proper natural ore, estrone, blue gold stone and rutile, crushing, grinding, classifying and refining to obtain stone yellow, blue Jin Danfen and titanium pigment with different particle sizes for standby;
step 2: 300g of dried fish glue is taken, 2700g of deionized water is added, the fish glue is soaked for 10 to 15 hours, then scissors are used for shearing, the fish glue is decocted in a constant-temperature water bath at 80 ℃ for 4 hours, the fish glue is continuously stirred in the decoction process, the deionized water is added, and the solid content of the fish glue is ensured to be 10% after the glue solution is prepared;
step 3: cooling the prepared swimming bladder glue with the solid content of 10%, adding 1000g of nano silicon dioxide solution with the solid content of 30% and the particle size distribution (D50) of less than or equal to 15nm, and fully stirring to finish the modification of the swimming bladder glue;
step 4: and (3) taking a proper amount of modified swimming bladder glue, adding natural mineral pigment with the mass of 1/4 of the total mass of the glue solution, and uniformly stirring to prepare the color filling protection material for standby.
(3) The stone relic surface color filling protection material and the preparation method thereof are used by the following methods:
firstly, cleaning and cleaning surface pollutants of stone relics to be color-filled and protected, and removing the surface pollutants in a region to be filled;
step 2, cleaning and drying for 24 hours, and performing color filling treatment when the water content of the surface layer is less than 5%;
step 3, mixing the color filling material in situ, stirring uniformly before use, and completing the preparation of the color filling material according to the steps;
and 4, firstly, using a line hooking pen to dip the prepared color filling material to carry out the description on the stone carving, namely directly copying the stone carving according to the size of the character groove and the thickness of the line. In the color filling process, the color filling material needs to be repeatedly and uniformly coated, sagging and uneven thickness of the material cannot be generated, and attention is paid to the fact that the color filling material cannot be coated outside the stone carving color filling area;
step 5: the nondestructive testing technology is adopted to test the free water permeability and ultrasonic wave velocity of the front surface and the rear surface of the color filling protection of the color filling area, the chromaticity of the whole color filling area is detected, and the color filling effect is checked and evaluated on site through the comparative analysis of data.
(4) Contrast of color filling effect
The color protection object in the color filling protection is Ji Yunshan stone, and the 14 stone is subjected to color filling protection treatment, and the color filling protection method mainly comprises the following steps: longevity, faolin jade world, ji Yun view, black tiger rock, bai mountain house, other heaven and earth, snow mud, open sky, natural pond, true bridge , baishan person, yuyanshan person, deep and large-scale thin-body of the cloud, and the like. The ultrasonic wave velocity and the free water permeability of the surface of the stone carving are detected before and after color filling, and the chromaticity and the glossiness of the color filling protected material are tested and compared with a standard template, so that the color filling protection effect is evaluated.
Evaluation results
The results of the performance change before and after the stone etching color filling protection and the uniformity detection of the color filling protection materials are shown in the following tables-6 and-7 respectively.
Table-6 ultrasonic and surface free Water permeability data detection results before and after color filling
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After the color filling protection work is finished, except that the character openings of the 'without the earth' are too small to detect, ultrasonic wave speed and surface self-contained water permeability are detected for other 12 color filling stone marks, and according to the data comparison analysis, the ultrasonic wave speed increase after each color filling stone mark is filled with color is below 10%, the surface free water permeability is unchanged or slightly reduced after the color filling, and the surface color filling protection material is coated, so that the performance of the stone mark body is almost not influenced, and the requirements of cultural relic protection principle are met.
TABLE-7 detection results of chromaticity variation before and after color filling and gloss data after color filling
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After the color filling is finished, besides the fact that the character openings are too small to detect, chromaticity and glossiness are detected for other color filling stone marks, through data comparison analysis, the color difference value of the same stone mark after the color filling of each color filling stone mark is below 6.5, the color can not be recognized basically, the color uniformity is good, and the surface glossiness of each color filling stone mark after the color filling is between 0 and 2.
As shown in fig. 2, the "longevity" is compared with the appearance before and after color filling (the shooting time from left to right is 2015, 2021, respectively). As shown in fig. 3, the "black and white wonderful" looks are compared before and after color filling (the photographing time from left to right is 2017, 2022, respectively).
By comparing the stone carving appearance before and after the color filling protection for 5 years, the display of stone carving information and artistic value is effectively improved after the color filling protection of the stone carving, and the stone carving looking is facilitated. After 5 years, the stone carving color filling protection material has no phenomena of fading, color change and falling, and has good preservation state.
Example 2
1. Color filling protective material
In the embodiment, the Guilin stone carving is used as a color filling protection object, and the Putuo mountain stone carving and the Yu mountain stone carving are respectively color filling protected. The stone carving color filling protection relates to more than ten places of stone carving, namely on the top mountain of a Gui Linshi seven-star park and the corn mountain of a corn poppy park, wherein stone carving is made of limestone, the stone carving is in an open air environment, and the stone carving is completely faded at present and has blurred content.
The color filling material consists of the following components in percentage by mass, 20% of natural mineral pigment, 60% of swimming bladder glue and 20% of nano-scale silicon dioxide, wherein the natural mineral pigment is lime green, the swimming bladder glue is natural swimming bladder glue solution with the solid content of 10%, and the nano-scale silicon dioxide is nano-scale silicon dioxide solution with the solid content of 30% and the particle size distribution (D50) of less than or equal to 15nm.
2. The stone relic surface color filling protection material is prepared by the following method:
step 1: according to the color of the original color filling material of the Guilin stone, selecting proper natural ore malachite, crushing, grinding, grading, refining, and screening out the stone green with different particle diameters for later use;
step 2: taking 30g of dried fish maw glue, adding 270g of deionized water, soaking for 10-15 hours, then shearing by scissors, decocting in a constant-temperature water bath at 80 ℃ for 4 hours, continuously stirring in the decocting process, adding the deionized water, and ensuring the solid content of the glue solution to be 10% after the glue solution is prepared;
step 3: cooling the prepared swimming bladder glue with the solid content of 10%, adding 100g of nano silicon dioxide solution with the solid content of 30% and the particle size distribution (D50) of less than or equal to 15nm, and fully stirring to finish the modification of the swimming bladder glue;
step 4: and adding 100g of natural mineral pigment stone green into a proper amount of modified swimming bladder glue, and uniformly stirring to prepare the color filling protection material for standby.
3. The stone relic surface color filling protection material and the preparation method thereof are used by the following methods:
firstly, cleaning and cleaning surface pollutants of stone relics to be color-filled and protected, and removing the surface pollutants in a region to be filled;
step 2, cleaning and drying for 24 hours, and performing color filling treatment when the water content of the surface layer is less than 5%;
step 3, mixing the color filling material in situ, stirring uniformly before use, and completing the preparation of the color filling material according to the steps;
and 4, firstly, using a line hooking pen to dip the prepared color filling material to carry out the description on the stone carving, namely directly copying the stone carving according to the size of the character groove and the thickness of the line. In the color filling process, the color filling material needs to be repeatedly and uniformly coated, sagging and uneven thickness of the material cannot be generated, and attention is paid to the fact that the color filling material cannot be coated outside the stone carving color filling area;
step 5: the nondestructive testing technology is adopted to test the free water permeability and ultrasonic wave velocity of the front surface and the rear surface of the color filling protection of the color filling area, the chromaticity of the whole color filling area is detected, and the color filling effect is checked and evaluated on site through the comparative analysis of data.
(4) Contrast of color filling effect
In the color filling protection, the color-protecting object is Guilin stone, ultrasonic wave speed and free water permeability of the surface of the stone are detected before and after color filling, and the chromaticity and glossiness after color filling protection are tested and compared with a standard template, so that the color filling protection effect is evaluated.
Evaluation results
The results of the performance change before and after the protection of the stone carving color filling and the uniformity detection of the color filling material are shown in the following tables-8 and-9
Table-8 ultrasonic and surface free water permeability data detection results before and after color filling
The color filling protection object is characterized in that the color filling protection object is provided with a plurality of stone marks, the stone marks are arranged on the surface of the stone mark, the surface of the stone mark is provided with a plurality of ultrasonic wave velocities, the ultrasonic wave velocity is equal to or less than 5%, the ultrasonic wave velocity is equal to or less than the ultrasonic wave velocity, and the ultrasonic wave velocity is equal to or less than the ultrasonic wave velocity.
TABLE-9 detection results of chromaticity Change before and after color filling and gloss data after color filling
After the color filling is finished, chromaticity and glossiness are detected on the primary wind tunnel stone, the extreme value color difference value of the color filling protection material in each font after the stone is filled is 3.7 through data comparison and analysis, the color can not be basically identified by human eyes, the color uniformity is good, the surface glossiness of the stone after the stone is filled is between 0 and 1, and the looking effect is good.
As shown in fig. 4, the appearance of the meta-wind tunnel stone is compared before and after color filling; FIG. 5 shows the contrast of the appearance of the para-wind tunnel stone (II) stone before and after filling the color; fig. 6 shows the contrast of the appearance of the para-wind tunnel lithotomy (three) before and after filling.
The method is characterized in that the method comprises the steps of respectively reserving stone carving image data before and after developing the stone carving color filling protection, and evaluating the effect of a stone carving color filling protection test through contrast and field observation of pictures before and after the color filling protection. After the stone carving color filling protection is finished, the stone carving content is fully displayed, the blurred stone carving content is clearly displayed, the sightedness and the display effect of the stone carving are improved, and the requirement of combining protection and display is met. Can meet the subsequent protection and display requirements of the Yu mountain stone carving.
While the invention has been described in connection with what is presently considered to be the most practical and preferred embodiment, it is to be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is merely exemplary of the invention and that the invention is not to be limited to the disclosed embodiments, but on the contrary, is intended to cover various modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. The utility model provides a stone relic color filling protection material which characterized in that: the composition is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: 14-20% of natural mineral pigment, 60-72% of swimming bladder glue and 14-20% of nano modified material; the mass percentage is based on the total mass of the color filling protection material;
the natural mineral pigment is one or more of chalk, gray calcium powder, muscovite, siderite, titanium white powder, cinnabar, hematite, realgar, estramur, lead yellow, rock, celadon and malachite green;
the solid content of the swimming bladder glue is 10%;
the nano modified material is a nano silicon dioxide solution, the solid content of the nano modified material is 30%, and the particle size distribution D50 is less than or equal to 15nm;
the preparation method of the stone cultural relic color filling protection material comprises the following steps:
step 1: selection and preparation of natural mineral pigments: selecting proper natural ore according to the characteristics and the requirements of the color-filled objects, crushing, grinding, classifying, refining to obtain pigment powder with different particle diameters, and screening the pigment powder for later use;
step 2: preparation of fish glue: the fish maw glue can be prepared from fresh fish maw, dried fish maw or fish maw glue product with solid content of 10%;
step 3: and (3) modifying the swimming bladder glue: cooling the prepared swimming bladder glue with the solid content of 10%, adding a nano silicon dioxide solution with the solid content of 30% and the particle size distribution D50 of less than or equal to 15nm, wherein the mass ratio of the swimming bladder glue to the nano silicon dioxide solution is 3:1, fully stirring to finish the modification of the swimming bladder glue;
step 4: preparing a color filling protection material: taking a proper amount of modified swimming bladder glue, adding a proper amount of natural mineral pigment, and uniformly stirring;
the preparation method of the swimming bladder glue comprises the following steps:
step 1: after fresh swimming bladder is obtained, peeling the thin film, fat layer and micro blood vessels of the swimming bladder wall, longitudinally cutting into slices, rinsing, removing blood stains, soaking for a plurality of minutes by using 0.03% -0.06% alum solution, carefully rinsing, making into slices or strips, pressing to remove water, airing at a ventilation place, and making the product into semitransparent and light yellow slices, namely the dried swimming bladder;
step 2: foaming: soaking selected swimming bladder in clear water, cutting into small pieces as small as possible with scissors after softening;
step 3: steaming: when the swimming bladder becomes soft and the whole body turns white, the swimming bladder is fished out from the water, and the water is dried and steamed for thirty to forty minutes, and a piece of the swimming bladder is bitten by teeth and is soft and sticky;
step 4: smashing: taking out the glue, immediately putting the glue into a garlic mortar, and mashing for a long time, wherein the longer the mashing time is, the better the mashing time is;
step 5: boiling glue: taking out the prepared glue, putting the glue on a gauze, packaging, boiling water in an iron pot, putting an iron bowl in the pot, putting a proper amount of boiled water in the iron bowl, soaking and extruding the gauze in the iron bowl, and repeating until the glue solution completely permeates into the bowl, and airing the rest air bladder residues for next use;
step 6: and (3) airing: pouring the glue solution in the bowl into a large and flat appliance, enabling the glue solution to be condensed into a thinner jelly at the bottom of the appliance, uncovering the appliance for a period of time, tearing the appliance into small blocks, airing the appliance at a ventilation position until the water is completely volatilized, and storing the colloid in the closed appliance until the colloid is dry and hard for use;
step 7: and (3) glue solution preparation: 10g of dried fish maw glue is taken, 90g of deionized water is added, soaking is carried out for 10-15 hours, then scissors are used for shearing, boiling is carried out for 4 hours in a constant-temperature water bath at 80 ℃, stirring is carried out continuously in the boiling process, deionized water is added, and the solid content of the glue solution is ensured to be 10% after the glue solution is manufactured.
2. The stone relic color filling protection material as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the composite material is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: 20% of natural mineral pigment, 60% of swimming bladder glue and 20% of nano modified material.
3. The method for using the stone relic color filling protection material as claimed in claim 1 or 2, comprising the following steps:
firstly, cleaning and washing surface pollutants of stone relics to remove the surface pollutants in a region to be filled;
step 2, after cleaning and drying for 24 hours, performing color filling treatment when the water content of the surface layer is less than 5%;
step 3, mixing the color filling protection material at present, and stirring uniformly before use;
step 4, firstly, the prepared color filling protection material is dipped by a line hooking pen to carry out the description on the stone carving, namely, the stone carving is directly copied according to the size of a character groove and the thickness of a line; in the color filling process, the color filling protection material needs to be repeatedly and uniformly coated, sagging and uneven thickness of the material cannot be generated, and attention is paid to the fact that the color filling protection material cannot be coated outside the stone carving color filling area;
step 5: the nondestructive testing technology is adopted to test the free water permeability and ultrasonic wave velocity of the front surface and the rear surface of the color filling protection of the color filling area, the chromaticity of the whole color filling area is detected, and the color filling effect is checked and evaluated on site through the comparative analysis of data.
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