CN115819935B - High-wear-resistance high-strength degradable high polymer material - Google Patents

High-wear-resistance high-strength degradable high polymer material Download PDF

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CN115819935B
CN115819935B CN202211618962.4A CN202211618962A CN115819935B CN 115819935 B CN115819935 B CN 115819935B CN 202211618962 A CN202211618962 A CN 202211618962A CN 115819935 B CN115819935 B CN 115819935B
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graphene oxide
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polymer material
nano montmorillonite
pbat
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CN115819935A (en
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郑玉婴
涂沐荣
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Fuzhou University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a high-wear-resistance high-strength degradable high polymer material, and belongs to the technical field of materials. The degradable high polymer material is prepared by taking thermoplastic biodegradable adipic acid butanediol ester, terephthalic acid butanediol ester (PBAT), polylactic acid (PLA), compatibilizer and composite functional auxiliary agent as raw materials through melt blending and injection molding; the composite functional auxiliary agent is a composite formed by nano montmorillonite, graphene oxide and Joncryl ADR 4300. The degradable high polymer material obtained by the invention has good mechanical property and high wear resistance, thereby having good application prospect.

Description

High-wear-resistance high-strength degradable high polymer material
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of materials, and particularly relates to a high-wear-resistance high-strength degradable high polymer material.
Background
The PBAT belongs to thermoplastic biodegradable plastics, is a copolymer of butanediol adipate and polybutylene terephthalate, has the characteristics of PBA and PBT, has good ductility and elongation at break, and has good heat resistance; in addition, the material also has excellent biodegradability, the degradation rate is 100%, and the material is one of the most popular and the best degradation materials for market application in the research of biodegradable plastics. The PBAT is used as a novel biodegradable material and is mainly applied to aspects such as agricultural mulching films, food packaging and the like. However, compared with common plastics, PBAT has the problems of poor crystallinity, low melt strength, low product strength and hardness, high price and the like, and limits the application of PBAT in production and manufacture.
Polylactic acid (PLA) has good solvent resistance and can be processed in a variety of ways, such as extrusion, spinning, biaxial stretching, injection blow molding. The product made of polylactic acid can be biodegraded, the degradation rate reaches 100%, and the biocompatibility, glossiness, transparency, hand feeling and heat resistance are good. Because polylactic acid is a few high-strength degradable high polymer materials, the defects of the common degradable high polymer materials such as starch strength and hardness can be overcome.
The traditional method for improving the wear resistance and mechanical property of the polymer material is to directly add the traditional reinforcing agents such as graphene, graphene oxide, talcum powder, carbon nano tube and the like into the matrix for one-step melt blending. However, it does not consider the case where the matrix is a composite material, in other words, the prior reports have not been very extensive and intensive to study for improving the compatibility between the components in the composite matrix; or the compatibility between the reinforcing agent and the matrix is hardly considered, which results in that the reinforcing agent is not uniformly and stably dispersed in the matrix, and the functional effect to be exerted by the reinforcing agent is not maximized, and even the case where the performance is deteriorated after the reinforcing agent is added is frequent. Particularly, in recent years, graphene Oxide (GO) with very high heat degree contains a large amount of hydroxyl groups in the GO structure, which can cause aggregation during melt blending of the graphene oxide and a matrix, so that GO is free outside without being embedded into the matrix, and the reinforcing effect is poor and even the performance is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a degradable high polymer material with good mechanical property and high wear resistance.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the degradable high polymer material with high wear resistance and high strength is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70 parts of PBAT, 30 parts of PLA, 5 parts of compatibilizer and 1-7 parts of composite functional auxiliary agent; the composite functional auxiliary agent is A composite MMT-GO-ADR (nM-GO-A) consisting of nano montmorillonite, graphene oxide and Joncryl ADR 4300.
Further, the compatibilizer is one or more of diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) and Joncryl ADR 4300.
Further, the preparation steps of the composite functional auxiliary agent are as follows:
(1) Dissolving 4g of nano montmorillonite in 200ml of deionized water, and performing ultrasonic treatment for 4 hours to obtain nano montmorillonite solution;
(2) Dispersing 4g of graphene oxide in 200ml of deionized water, and performing ultrasonic treatment for 4 hours to obtain graphene oxide dispersion liquid;
(3) Mixing the nano montmorillonite solution obtained in the step (1) and the graphene oxide dispersion liquid obtained in the step (2), performing ultrasonic treatment for 4 hours, performing magnetic stirring for 24 hours, washing with a large amount of distilled water, centrifuging at 8000rpm for 15 minutes to separate out solid, and performing vacuum drying at 60 ℃ for 30 minutes to obtain nano montmorillonite@graphene oxide (nM-GO);
(4) And (3) manually blending the nM-GO and the ADR chain extender obtained in the step (3) in the self-sealing bag, and then putting the mixture into A torque rheometer to blend for 10min at 180 ℃ to obtain the compound functional additive nM-GO-A.
The preparation method of the degradable high polymer material comprises the steps of respectively drying PBAT, PLA and compatibilizer, adding the dried PBAT, PLA and compatibilizer into a torque rheometer according to a proportion, and blending for 10min at 180 ℃; then adding the composite functional auxiliary agent, and continuously blending for 10min at 180 ℃; and transferring the blend into a miniature injection molding machine, molding at 190 ℃, and demolding and cooling to obtain the product.
The nano montmorillonite has very good dispersibility, and can help the auxiliary agent to be better dispersed in the matrix. Joncryl ADR4300 itself contains an anhydride group that can react with the hydroxyl groups in graphene oxide at high temperature to form ester groups. According to the invention, the nano montmorillonite and the ADR chain extender are adopted to modify the graphene oxide, so that the uniform distribution of the graphene oxide in the matrix can be promoted. At the same time, the PBAT and PLA in the matrix also contain a large number of ester groups, which further enhances the compatibility between the wear aid and the degradable matrix.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) The montmorillonite has good dispersing effect, and the nano material has strong self-dispersibility, so that the nano montmorillonite (nano-MMT) can be used for promoting the distribution of the auxiliary agent in the matrix, and can be uniformly dispersed in the matrix to form the reinforcing effect on the matrix.
(2) ADR chain extender (Joncryl ADR 4300) itself contains anhydride groups, which can react with hydroxyl groups in graphene oxide at high temperature to generate ester groups, while PBAT and PLA in the matrix of the invention also contain a large number of ester groups, which enhances the compatibility between the wear-resistant auxiliary agent and the degradable matrix.
(3) The ADR chain extender is adopted in the composite functional wear-resistant auxiliary agent and the degradable matrix, so that the matrix and the composite auxiliary agent are more similar and compatible.
(4) The nano montmorillonite and the graphene oxide have the function of enhancing the wear resistance, but the single addition has the problems of agglomeration and low compatibility, so that the mechanical property and the wear resistance are influenced, the problem can be overcome, and the wear resistance and the mechanical property of the degradable polymer matrix can be further enhanced through the synergistic effect.
(5) The product obtained by the invention has excellent comprehensive mechanical properties, greatly improved tensile strength, toughness, impact resistance and wear resistance, less addition of functional auxiliary agents and low preparation cost of a matrix and the auxiliary agents. Meanwhile, the wear-resistant functional auxiliary agent is harmless to the environment, the product is degradable, and the wear-resistant functional auxiliary agent has great advantages in the aspect of environmental friendliness, and meanwhile, the cost for waste treatment is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a scanning electron microscope image of the high abrasion resistant and high strength degradable polymer material obtained in example 3.
FIG. 2 is a scanning electron microscope image of the degradable polymer material obtained in comparative example 1.
FIG. 3 is a scanning electron microscope image of the degradable polymer material obtained in comparative example 2.
FIG. 4 is a scanning electron microscope image of the degradable polymer material obtained in comparative example 3.
As can be seen from the figure, the degradable polymer material obtained in the example 3 has a continuous integral phase structure, and few phase separation holes and drops, which indicates that the compatibility of the composite functional auxiliary agent and the matrix is very high. In contrast, the degradable polymer material obtained in the comparative example 1 has a plurality of phase-separated holes, which is caused by the self-aggregation effect of the graphene oxide and poor compatibility with a matrix; in contrast, in comparative example 2, the nano montmorillonite is uniformly distributed on the matrix in the form of particles, so that the obtained degradable polymer material has a small amount of aggregation and a certain number of holes, which indicates that the compatibility between the nano montmorillonite and the matrix is limited; in comparative example 3, the composite functional additive was more continuously distributed in the matrix, but the distribution of this continuous phase was concentrated in a certain region (right and lower regions in the figure), and the partial phase separation holes and shedding occurred in the material picture of comparative example 3, because the composite additive was not added with Joncryl ADR4300 although the graphene oxide and nano montmorillonite were primarily compounded, which resulted in lower compatibility between the functional additive and the degradable matrix than in each example, and thus performance was still lower than in each example.
Detailed Description
A degradable high molecular material with high wear resistance and high strength is prepared by the following steps:
(1) Preparing GO;
slowly adding 1 g of sodium nitrate into 70 mL concentrated sulfuric acid until the sodium nitrate is completely dissolved; then adding 2.0. 2.0 g flake graphite, and stirring in ice bath at 0-4deg.C for 30 min; 8.0g of potassium permanganate is added and stirred for 30 minutes; raising the temperature to 35-45 ℃ and continuing stirring for 300 minutes; then 240 ml of deionized water is added and stirred for 120 minutes at 65-75 ℃; the mixture was heated to 95 ℃, 25 mL, 30% strength hydrogen peroxide solution was added after 5 minutes, and stirring was continued for 30 minutes; then 40mL of hydrochloric acid is added and stirred for 30 minutes; vacuum extraction and filtration are carried out while the solution is hot, and then deionized water is used for washing the filter cake and centrifuging is carried out until the pH value of the GO solution becomes 5-6; finally, the solution is dried in vacuum at 65 ℃ to obtain solid GO;
(2) Preparation of Complex function auxiliary (nM-GO-A):
dissolving 4g of nano montmorillonite in 200ml of deionized water, and performing ultrasonic treatment for 4 hours to obtain nano montmorillonite solution; dispersing 4g of graphene oxide in 200ml of deionized water, and performing ultrasonic treatment for 4 hours to obtain graphene oxide dispersion liquid; mixing the obtained nano montmorillonite solution with the graphene oxide dispersion liquid obtained in the step (2), performing ultrasonic treatment for 4 hours, performing magnetic stirring for 24 hours, washing with a large amount of distilled water, centrifuging at 8000rpm for 15 minutes to separate out solid, and performing vacuum drying at 60 ℃ for 30 minutes to obtain nano montmorillonite@graphene oxide (nM-GO); manually blending the nM-GO and the ADR chain extender in A self-sealing bag, then putting the mixture into A torque rheometer, blending at 180 ℃ for 10min to prepare A compound functional additive nM-GO-A, and putting the compound functional additive nM-GO-A in A drying place for standby;
(3) And (3) preparing a degradable high polymer material with high wear resistance and high strength:
drying PBAT and PLA at 80 ℃ for 4 hours respectively, drying the compatibilizer at 60 ℃ for 2 hours, then adding 70 weight parts of PBAT, 30 weight parts of PLA and 5 weight parts of compatibilizer into a torque rheometer, and blending at 180 ℃ for 10 minutes; then adding 1-7 parts by weight of nM-GO-A, and continuously blending for 10min at 180 ℃; and transferring the blend into a miniature injection molding machine, molding at 190 ℃, and demolding and cooling to obtain the product.
Wherein the compatibilizer is one or more of MDI and Joncryl ADR 4300.
In order to make the contents of the present invention more easily understood, the technical scheme of the present invention will be further described with reference to the specific embodiments, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Example 1
(1) Preparing GO;
slowly adding 1 g of sodium nitrate into 70 mL concentrated sulfuric acid until the sodium nitrate is completely dissolved; then adding 2.0. 2.0 g flake graphite, and stirring in ice bath at 0-4deg.C for 30 min; 8.0g of potassium permanganate is added and stirred for 30 minutes; raising the temperature to 35-45 ℃ and continuing stirring for 300 minutes; then 240 ml of deionized water is added and stirred for 120 minutes at 65-75 ℃; the mixture was heated to 95 ℃, 25 mL, 30% strength hydrogen peroxide solution was added after 5 minutes, and stirring was continued for 30 minutes; then 40mL of hydrochloric acid is added and stirred for 30 minutes; vacuum extraction and filtration are carried out while the solution is hot, and then deionized water is used for washing the filter cake and centrifuging is carried out until the pH value of the GO solution becomes 5-6; finally, the solution is dried in vacuum at 65 ℃ to obtain solid GO;
(2) Preparation of Complex function auxiliary (nM-GO-A):
dissolving 4g of nano montmorillonite in 200ml of deionized water, and performing ultrasonic treatment for 4 hours to obtain nano montmorillonite solution; dispersing 4g of graphene oxide in 200ml of deionized water, and performing ultrasonic treatment for 4 hours to obtain graphene oxide dispersion liquid; mixing the obtained nano montmorillonite solution with the obtained graphene oxide dispersion liquid, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 4 hours, magnetically stirring for 24 hours, washing with a large amount of distilled water after completion, centrifuging for 15 minutes by a 8000rpm centrifuge, separating out solid, and drying in a vacuum drying oven at 60 ℃ for 30 minutes to obtain nano montmorillonite@graphene oxide (nM-GO); manually blending the nM-GO and Joncryl ADR4300 in A self-sealing bag, then putting the self-sealing bag into A torque rheometer, blending for 10min at 180 ℃ to prepare nM-GO-A, and placing the mixture in A drying place for later use;
(3) And (3) preparing a degradable high polymer material with high wear resistance and high strength:
drying the PBAT and PLA at 80 ℃ and 4h,Joncryl ADR4300 at 60 ℃ for 2 hours respectively, then adding 70 parts by weight of the PBAT, 30 parts by weight of the PLA and 5 parts by weight of the Joncryl ADR4300 into a torque rheometer, and blending for 10 minutes at 180 ℃; then adding 1 part by weight of nM-GO-A, and continuing to blend for 10min at 180 ℃; and transferring the blend into a miniature injection molding machine, molding at 190 ℃, and demolding and cooling to obtain the product.
Example 2
(1) GO is prepared as in example 1;
(2) The preparation of the Complex function aid (nM-GO-A) was as in example 1;
(3) And (3) preparing a degradable high polymer material with high wear resistance and high strength:
drying the PBAT and PLA at 80 ℃ and 4h,Joncryl ADR4300 at 60 ℃ for 2 hours respectively, then adding 70 parts by weight of the PBAT, 30 parts by weight of the PLA and 5 parts by weight of the Joncryl ADR4300 into a torque rheometer, and blending for 10 minutes at 180 ℃; then adding 4 parts by weight of nM-GO-A, and continuing blending for 10min at 180 ℃; and transferring the blend into a miniature injection molding machine, molding at 190 ℃, and demolding and cooling to obtain the product.
Example 3
(1) GO is prepared as in example 1;
(2) The preparation of the complex functional antiwear agent (nM-GO-A) was the same as in example 1;
(3) And (3) preparing a degradable high polymer material with high wear resistance and high strength:
drying the PBAT and PLA at 80 ℃ and 4h,Joncryl ADR4300 at 60 ℃ for 2 hours respectively, then adding 70 parts by weight of the PBAT, 30 parts by weight of the PLA and 5 parts by weight of the Joncryl ADR4300 into a torque rheometer, and blending for 10 minutes at 180 ℃; then adding 7 parts by weight of nM-GO-A, and continuing blending for 10min at 180 ℃; and transferring the blend into a miniature injection molding machine, molding at 190 ℃, and demolding and cooling to obtain the product.
Comparative example 1 (GO alone as enhancer)
(1) GO is prepared as in example 1;
(2) And (3) preparation of degradable high polymer materials:
drying the PBAT and PLA at 80 ℃ and 4h,Joncryl ADR4300 at 60 ℃ for 2 hours respectively, then adding 70 parts by weight of the PBAT, 30 parts by weight of the PLA and 5 parts by weight of the Joncryl ADR4300 into a torque rheometer, and blending for 10 minutes at 180 ℃; then adding 4 parts by weight of GO, and continuously blending for 10min at 180 ℃; and transferring the blend into a miniature injection molding machine, molding at 190 ℃, and demolding and cooling to obtain the product.
Comparative example 2 (Nano-MMT alone as enhancer)
Drying the PBAT and PLA at 80 ℃ and 4h,Joncryl ADR4300 at 60 ℃ for 2 hours respectively, then adding 70 parts by weight of the PBAT, 30 parts by weight of the PLA and 5 parts by weight of the Joncryl ADR4300 into a torque rheometer, and blending for 10 minutes at 180 ℃; then adding 4 parts of nano-MMT, and continuously blending for 10min at 180 ℃; and transferring the blend into a miniature injection molding machine, molding at 190 ℃, and demolding and cooling to obtain the product.
Comparative example 3 (M-GO alone as reinforcing agent)
(1) GO is prepared as in example 1;
(2) Preparation of antiwear adjuvant (nM-GO):
dissolving 4g of nano montmorillonite in 200ml of deionized water, and performing ultrasonic treatment for 4 hours to obtain nano montmorillonite solution; dispersing 4g of graphene oxide in 200ml of deionized water, and performing ultrasonic treatment for 4 hours to obtain graphene oxide dispersion liquid; mixing the obtained nano montmorillonite solution with the obtained graphene oxide dispersion liquid, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 4 hours, magnetically stirring for 24 hours, washing with a large amount of distilled water after completion, centrifuging for 15 minutes by a 8000rpm centrifuge, separating out solid, and drying in a vacuum drying oven at 60 ℃ for 30 minutes to obtain nano montmorillonite-graphene oxide (nM-GO);
(3) And (3) preparation of degradable high polymer materials:
drying the PBAT and PLA at 80 ℃ and 4h,Joncryl ADR4300 at 60 ℃ for 2 hours respectively, then adding 70 parts by weight of the PBAT, 30 parts by weight of the PLA and 5 parts by weight of the Joncryl ADR4300 into a torque rheometer, and blending for 10 minutes at 180 ℃; then adding 4 parts by weight of nM-GO, and continuing blending for 10min at 180 ℃; and transferring the blend into a miniature injection molding machine, molding at 190 ℃, and demolding and cooling to obtain the product.
Comparative example 4 (without any reinforcing agent)
Drying the PBAT and PLA at 80 ℃ and 4h,Joncryl ADR4300 at 60 ℃ for 2 hours respectively, then adding 70 parts by weight of the PBAT, 30 parts by weight of the PLA and 5 parts by weight of the Joncryl ADR4300 into a torque rheometer, and blending for 10 minutes at 180 ℃; and then transferring the blend into a micro injection molding machine, molding at 190 ℃, and demolding and cooling to obtain the product.
Comparative example 5 (graphene oxide and nano montmorillonite were directly blended with Joncryl ADR 4300)
Drying the PBAT and PLA at 80 ℃ for 4h,Joncryl ADR4300 and 60 ℃ for 2 hours respectively, then drying and evenly mixing 70 parts by weight of the PBAT, 30 parts by weight of the PLA and 5 parts by weight of Joncryl ADR4300, 4 parts by weight of graphene oxide and 4 parts by weight of nano montmorillonite, directly adding into a torque rheometer, and blending at 180 ℃ for 10 minutes; and then transferring the blend into a micro injection molding machine, molding at 190 ℃, and demolding and cooling to obtain the product.
The samples obtained in the examples and comparative examples were subjected to performance test, and the results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 results of Performance test of samples obtained in examples and comparative examples
From Table 1, it can be seen that from example 1 to example 3, as the amount of the composite functional auxiliary agent (nM-GO-A) increases, the tensile strength, elongation at break, impact strength, flexural strength and abrasion resistance of the product are all increased, indicating that the composite functional auxiliary agent is well bonded to the substrate. As can be seen from the data of the comparative example, when only GO is added, the mechanical properties are reduced due to the self-aggregation effect caused by too many hydroxyl groups in the graphene oxide; when only nano montmorillonite is added, the tensile strength, the elongation at break, the impact strength, the bending strength and the wear resistance are all improved, but the improvement range is very small; comparative example 3 the GO and nano montmorillonite are subjected to a complex treatment, so that the mechanical properties of the obtained material are greatly improved; in comparative example 5, GO, nano montmorillonite and Joncryl ADR4300 are directly melt-blended, at this time, the self-aggregation effect of graphene oxide, the reinforcing effect of nano montmorillonite and the respective action of ADR make the tensile strength, bending strength and wear resistance of the product be greatly improved, the elongation at break be slightly increased, but the impact strength be slightly reduced, and the comprehensive performance be not ideal.
The foregoing description is only of the preferred embodiments of the invention, and all changes and modifications that come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.

Claims (2)

1. A high wear-resistant high-strength degradable high polymer material is characterized in that: the degradable high polymer material is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70 parts of PBAT, 30 parts of PLA, 5 parts of compatibilizer and 1-7 parts of composite functional auxiliary agent;
the compatibilizer is Joncryl ADR4300;
the composite functional auxiliary agent is a composite formed by nano montmorillonite, graphene oxide and Joncryl ADR4300, and the preparation steps are as follows:
(1) Dissolving 4g of nano montmorillonite in 200ml of deionized water, and performing ultrasonic treatment for 4 hours to obtain nano montmorillonite solution;
(2) Dispersing 4g of graphene oxide in 200ml of deionized water, and performing ultrasonic treatment for 4 hours to obtain graphene oxide dispersion liquid;
(3) Mixing the nano montmorillonite solution obtained in the step (1) and the graphene oxide dispersion liquid obtained in the step (2), performing ultrasonic treatment for 4 hours, performing magnetic stirring for 24 hours, washing with a large amount of distilled water, centrifuging at 8000rpm for 15 minutes to separate out solids, and performing vacuum drying at 60 ℃ for 30 minutes to obtain nano montmorillonite-graphene oxide;
(4) And (3) manually blending the nano montmorillonite-graphene oxide and the ADR chain extender obtained in the step (3) in the self-sealing bag, and then putting the mixture into a torque rheometer to blend for 10min at 180 ℃ to obtain the composite functional auxiliary agent.
2. The high wear resistant high strength degradable polymeric material of claim 1, wherein: the preparation method of the degradable high polymer material comprises the steps of respectively drying PBAT, PLA and compatibilizer, adding the dried PBAT, PLA and compatibilizer into a torque rheometer according to a proportion, and blending for 10min at 180 ℃; then adding the composite functional auxiliary agent, and continuously blending for 10min at 180 ℃; and transferring the blend into a miniature injection molding machine, molding at 190 ℃, and demolding and cooling to obtain the product.
CN202211618962.4A 2022-12-16 2022-12-16 High-wear-resistance high-strength degradable high polymer material Active CN115819935B (en)

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CN105199347A (en) * 2015-10-09 2015-12-30 湖北工业大学 PLA (polylactic acid)/MMT (montmorillonite) degradation enhanced master batch blending modification PLA/PBAT (polyethylene terephthalate-adipic acid-butanediol copolyester) composite material and preparation method thereof
CN115368720A (en) * 2022-10-08 2022-11-22 浙江兴湖聚材科技有限公司 Degradable polymer nano composite material and preparation method thereof
WO2022252266A1 (en) * 2021-06-05 2022-12-08 贾帅 Composite toughened and high-temperature-resistant polylactic acid modified material and preparation method therefor

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103224647A (en) * 2013-04-19 2013-07-31 复旦大学 Polymer compatibilizers based on graphene oxide
CN105199347A (en) * 2015-10-09 2015-12-30 湖北工业大学 PLA (polylactic acid)/MMT (montmorillonite) degradation enhanced master batch blending modification PLA/PBAT (polyethylene terephthalate-adipic acid-butanediol copolyester) composite material and preparation method thereof
WO2022252266A1 (en) * 2021-06-05 2022-12-08 贾帅 Composite toughened and high-temperature-resistant polylactic acid modified material and preparation method therefor
CN115368720A (en) * 2022-10-08 2022-11-22 浙江兴湖聚材科技有限公司 Degradable polymer nano composite material and preparation method thereof

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