CN115819919A - Resin material, pantograph slide plate and preparation method thereof, and electrified vehicle - Google Patents
Resin material, pantograph slide plate and preparation method thereof, and electrified vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- CN115819919A CN115819919A CN202211437147.8A CN202211437147A CN115819919A CN 115819919 A CN115819919 A CN 115819919A CN 202211437147 A CN202211437147 A CN 202211437147A CN 115819919 A CN115819919 A CN 115819919A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a resin material, a pantograph slide plate, a preparation method of the pantograph slide plate and an electrified vehicle, and belongs to the field of materials. The pantograph slide plate on the high-speed rail and other electric gasification vehicles is a key component of a pantograph element, is directly contacted with a contact network lead, guides current on a power transmission network in a static or sliding state, and transmits the current to a locomotive power supply system to maintain the normal operation of an electric locomotive. The electric conductivity, the wear resistance and the strength of the pantograph slide plate are the most important factors for limiting the speed increase of the high-speed rail at present. The resin material and the pantograph slide plate provided by the invention comprise electrolytic copper powder, a resin adhesive, graphite and reinforcing fibers, and have the advantages of high structural strength, good arc suppression performance, small abrasion to a lead, low resistivity and excellent wear resistance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of materials, and particularly relates to a resin material, a pantograph slide plate, a preparation method of the pantograph slide plate and an electrified vehicle.
Background
The pantograph slide plate on the high-speed rail and other electric gasification vehicles is a key component of a pantograph element, is directly contacted with a contact network lead, guides current on a power transmission network in a static or sliding state, and transmits the current to a locomotive power supply system to maintain the normal operation of an electric locomotive. The electric conductivity, the wear resistance and the strength of the pantograph slide plate are the most important factors for limiting the speed increase of the high-speed rail at present.
In the prior art, a pantograph slide plate is generally made of copper alloy. When the electric locomotive runs at a high speed, the pantograph slide plate obtains 100-1000A of current from the contact wire in a sliding state as the power supply power of the locomotive, and the friction loss is easy to occur in the working state of the pantograph slide plate. Because the pantograph slide plate works in a severe state of high speed, current carrying, high temperature, low lubricity and the like, the service life of the pantograph slide plate can be further shortened by accelerating the speed of the high-speed electric train, and the pantograph slide plate becomes the most frequent part for replacing a locomotive system.
With the development of polymer polymerization technology, more and more fields of metal application are gradually replaced by engineering plastics, and the polymer composite material is particularly remarkable in the fields of antifriction and wear-resistant materials. The resin type conductive composite material is paid attention to its unique advantages of high specific strength, strong designability, excellent antifriction and abrasion resistance, good corrosion resistance, convenience for large-area integral molding, and the like. The resin type conductive composite material has good structure and performance controllability, and can adjust the electrical and mechanical properties of the resin type conductive composite material in a larger range.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a resin material, a pantograph slide plate made of the resin material, a preparation method of the pantograph slide plate and an electrified vehicle using the pantograph slide plate, which are used for solving the problems of large adhesion abrasion, easy breakage of impact and large resistivity of the existing pantograph slide plate of a train.
The invention provides a resin material which comprises 67-81 mass percent of electrolytic copper powder, 9-21mass percent of resin binder and 4-13 mass percent of graphite, wherein the mass ratio of YM resin (cashew nut shell oil modified phenolic resin) to NBR rubber (nitrile-butadiene rubber) in the resin binder is less than 2.
Preferably, the resin binder is 9 to 18 mass% of PBMI resin (polybismaleimide resin) and YM resin.
Preferably, the graphite is flake graphite or powdery graphite.
Preferably, the carbon fiber is also included by 5 percent (mass fraction).
The embodiment of the invention provides a pantograph slide plate which is made of the resin material.
The embodiment of the invention provides a preparation method of a pantograph slide plate, which comprises the following steps:
s1, placing the pretreated graphite, electrolytic copper powder and binder at 165 +/-5 ℃ for hot pressing; the hot pressing pressure is 150MPa; and the air is discharged every 10s at the beginning of the hot pressing for 3 times, and the air is discharged every 3min in the pressure maintaining stage.
S2, carrying out heat treatment on the material obtained in the step S1, wherein the heat treatment comprises heat treatment at 110 ℃ for 1 hour, heat treatment at 150 ℃ for 2 hours and heat treatment at 200 ℃ for 8 hours;
and S3, carrying out vacuum or pressurization dipping treatment on the material obtained in the step S2 for 2 hours to obtain the pantograph slide plate.
Preferably, the pre-pressing is performed first before the hot-pressing in step S1, and the pre-pressing operation includes: hot plate pressing the pretreated graphite, electrolytic copper powder and binder at the temperature of 60 +/-5 ℃, then cooling and crushing, and performing hot pre-pressing molding at the pre-pressing temperature of 110 +/-5 ℃ and the pre-pressing molding pressure of 85MPa to obtain pre-pressed sheets; and after the pre-pressing piece is cooled, carrying out hot pressing.
Preferably, the pretreatment comprises: soaking graphite in 70% oxidant water solution for 24 hr, washing with clear water, and oven drying; the electrolytic copper powder, the adhesive and the treated graphite are mixed and sieved, and then are stirred intermittently in a rotary stirrer for about 5min and then are mixed in a planetary rapid grinding machine for 2h.
The invention also provides an electrified vehicle, which uses the pantograph slide plate made of the resin material or the pantograph slide plate prepared by the method.
The resin material provided by the invention has good self-lubricating property and arc suppression property, and the pantograph slide plate and the contact wire made of the resin material form a pair of mechanically and electrically coupled special friction pairs, so that the resin material has good structure and controllability, can adjust the self electrical and mechanical properties in a large range and shows excellent comprehensive performance. The pantograph slide plate made of the resin material has the advantages of high specific strength, strong designability, excellent antifriction and abrasion resistance, good corrosion resistance, convenience for large-area integral molding and the like, and is a main development direction of an ideal current collecting material of a novel pantograph slide plate under the high-speed background.
According to the invention, the density and hardness of the graphite fiber reinforced copper-based material are greatly influenced by the heat treatment temperature and the heat preservation time, and the heat treatment temperature is increased and/or the heat preservation time is increased within a certain range, so that the crystal grains of the graphite fiber reinforced copper-based material grow up, the distance between the grains is reduced, the grain boundary moves and crosses the pores, the pores in the material are eliminated, the density and hardness of the material are further improved, and the problems of low mechanical strength, poor impact toughness and serious abrasion of the existing pantograph slide plate of a train are further solved.
In the invention, the addition amount of the graphite fiber in the graphite fiber reinforced copper-based material is increased within a certain range, so that the friction factor of the material can be reduced, the volume wear rate of the material is reduced, and the problems of low mechanical strength, poor impact toughness and serious wear of the existing pantograph slide plate of a train are solved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive labor.
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the change of resistivity at room temperature with the binder content of each of the sample resin materials in examples 1 to 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the hardness of the resin material of each sample according to examples 1 to 4 of the present invention as a function of the binder content;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the wear rate and coefficient of friction of the resin material as a function of binder content for each of the samples of example 5 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the wear rate of the resin material and the type and content of graphite in examples 6 to 7 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the friction coefficient of the resin material and the type and content of graphite in each of the samples in examples 6 to 7 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is an SEM image of the surface wear profile of a sample in example 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is an SEM image of the surface wear profile of a sample of example 5 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a resin material, and provides characteristics of each component, content and the like in the resin material disclosed in examples 1 to 7.
Examples 1 to 4:
the invention provides a resin material, which comprises 67-81 mass percent of electrolytic copper powder, 9-21mass percent of resin binder and 4-13 mass percent of graphite, wherein the mass ratio of YM resin to NBR rubber in the resin binder is less than 2.
The resin material also comprises 5 percent (mass fraction) of reinforcing fiber, which comprises one or more of organic fiber or carbon fiber such as carbon fiber, polyester fiber, nylon fiber, polypropylene fiber and the like, boron fiber, metal fiber and the like. Examples 1 to 4 use carbon fibers containing carbon at 99.9wt% or more as reinforcing fibers.
The graphite is flake graphite which is in a natural scaly shape, contains more than 99wt% of carbon and has a specification model P of a manufacturer.
The contents of the components involved in each of examples 1 to 4 are specified in the following table, and the data units in the table are mass fractions or mass ratios:
the resistivity and the hardness of the resin material of each example 1-4 are tested by using the method specified in GB/T34572-2017 and the cited standard, the test data are shown in figure 1 and figure 2, and the comparison result shows that the room temperature resistivity of the resin material sample is increased along with the increase of the content of the binder, the surface hardness of the resin material sample is reduced along with the increase of the content of the binder, and when the content of the binder is 9-15mass%, the resin material sample can simultaneously meet the performance requirements of excellent conductivity and moderate hardness.
FIG. 6 shows an SEM image of the wear topography of the surface of a sample of example 4. The wear surface of a sample of example 4 has some slight scuffing marks, furrows and a few swarf pits and a large amount of composite lubricating film, indicating that the tribological pair exhibits adhesive wear characteristics during wear.
Example 5:
resin material in example 5 YM resin mixed with PBMI resin was subjected to modification treatment, and the composition of the resin material in example 5 is shown in the following table (data unit in table is mass fraction). The content of the electrolytic copper powder was decreased in the order of increasing the binder content while keeping the content of the scale graphite and the reinforcing fiber constant among the samples of example 5.
The wear rate and the friction coefficient of the resin material sample of example 5 were measured by the following methods:
placing the sample in a normal-temperature speed change working condition to simulate abrasion, wherein the normal-temperature speed change condition is as follows: dry friction, cylinder pressure of 0.25MPa, initial rotation speed of 6500r/min, 3 times of braking for each group, cooling the sample to room temperature after each braking, and then performing the next braking.
The results of the tests are shown in FIG. 3, where the wear rate and the coefficient of friction of the samples of the resin material both tend to decrease and then increase with increasing resin content, and both show a minimum at 10.5mass%, indicating that the samples of the resin material have the best tribological properties at a resin content of 10.5 mass%. The sample of the resin material made of the PBMI/YM modified resin provides a more complete and firm solid lubricating film than the sample of the YM resin material, thereby having more functions of friction reduction and wear resistance.
FIG. 7 shows an SEM image of the surface wear topography of a sample of example 5. In comparison with FIG. 6, in example 5, a large amount of composite lubricating film is present on the wear surface of the sample at the same temperature, the surface of the sliding plate is smooth, the interface bonding is good, and no obvious scratch and transfer mark is seen, which indicates that the local wear area of the friction pair has slight adhesive wear during the wear process.
Examples 6 to 7:
the composition was adjusted for example 6 and example 7, with example 6 using crystalline flake graphite (graphite particle size 45 μm or less) and example 7 using powdered graphite (manufacturer's specification G, carbon content > 99wt%, graphite particle size 45 μm or less). The content of the binder is kept unchanged, and the content of the electrolytic copper powder in different tests in the same embodiment is reduced in sequence along with the increase of the content of the graphite. The component contents of example 6 and example 7 are shown in the following table (data units in the table are mass fractions):
the wear rates and coefficients of friction of the samples of the resin materials of examples 6 and 7 were measured as follows:
placing a resin material sample under a normal-temperature speed change working condition to simulate abrasion, wherein the normal-temperature speed change condition is as follows: dry friction, cylinder pressure of 0.25MPa, initial rotation speed of 6500r/min, 3 times of braking for each group, cooling the sample to room temperature after each braking, and then performing the next braking.
The test results are shown in the attached figures 4 and 5, the wear rates and the friction coefficients of the two resin material samples are firstly reduced and then increased along with the increase of the graphite content, and when the graphite content is lower, scratches generated on the wear surfaces are deeper; as the graphite content increases, scratches on the wear surface become gradually shallower.
Example 8:
the invention provides a preparation method of a pantograph pan using the resin material, and provides two embodiments. The embodiment adopts a direct compression molding process, which specifically comprises the following steps:
step S0: the pretreatment specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Using oxidant to make surface treatment of inorganic fillers of graphite and carbon fibre, soaking pretreated raw material in aqueous solution containing 70% oxidant for 24 hr, then washing with clear water, drying and stand-by. The oxidant is a mixture of concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid, and the proportion is that the molar ratio is 1.
(2) The electrolytic copper powder with the content of 69-81mass percent, the adhesive with the content of 9-21mass percent (wherein the ratio of YM resin to NBR rubber in the adhesive is 8.
Step S1: and (3) pressing, specifically comprising:
placing the pretreated graphite, electrolytic copper powder and binder at 165 +/-5 ℃ for hot pressing; the hot pressing pressure is 150MPa; and opening the die to deflate once every 10s at the beginning of hot pressing, wherein the deflating is performed once every 3min in the subsequent pressure maintaining stage.
Step S2: the curing treatment specifically comprises the following steps:
carrying out heat treatment on the material obtained in the step S1, wherein the heat treatment comprises heat treatment at 110 ℃ for 1 hour, heat treatment at 150 ℃ for 2 hours and heat treatment at 200 ℃ for 8 hours; alternatively, the heat treatment is carried out at 110 ℃ for 1 hour, at 150 ℃ for 2 hours, at 200 ℃ for 8 hours, and at 350 ℃ for 2 hours.
And step S3: the impregnation treatment specifically comprises:
gas in pores of the sliding plate is removed by vacuum or pressurized impregnation, so that silicone oil can rapidly permeate into pores; the vacuum or pressure impregnation time was 2h.
Example 9:
further, the present invention provides another embodiment of a preparation method, where the embodiment uses a three-time press forming process, and specifically includes:
step S0: the pretreatment specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Using oxidant to treat the surface of inorganic filler of graphite and carbon fibre, soaking the pretreated raw material in aqueous solution containing 70% oxidant for 24 hr, then washing with clean water, and drying for stand-by.
(2) After mixing 69-81mass% of electrolytic copper powder, 9-21mass% of binder (wherein the ratio of YM resin to NBR rubber in the binder is 8.
Step S0-1: pre-pressing, specifically comprising:
performing hot plate pressing on the pretreated graphite, electrolytic copper powder and binder at the temperature of 60 +/-5 ℃, then cooling and crushing, and performing hot pre-pressing molding at the pre-pressing temperature of 110 +/-5 ℃ and the pre-pressing molding pressure of 85MPa to obtain pre-pressed sheets; and after the pre-pressing piece is cooled, performing the step S1.
Step S1: pressing, specifically comprising:
and after the pre-pressed sheet is cooled, carrying out hot re-pressing at the pressing temperature of 165 +/-5 ℃, wherein the re-pressing forming pressure is 150MPa. Opening the mould to deflate once every 10s when hot pressing starts, and deflating once every 3min in the subsequent pressure maintaining stage.
Step S2: the curing treatment specifically comprises:
carrying out heat treatment on the material obtained in the step S1, wherein the heat treatment comprises heat treatment at 110 ℃ for 1 hour, heat treatment at 150 ℃ for 2 hours and heat treatment at 200 ℃ for 8 hours;
and step S3: the impregnation treatment specifically comprises:
vacuum or pressurized impregnation is adopted to remove gas in pores of the sliding plate, so that silicone oil can quickly permeate into pores; the vacuum or pressure impregnation time is 2h;
the invention uses 74 to 78mass percent of electrolytic copper powder, 10.5mass percent of resin adhesive, 10mass percent of crystalline flake graphite and 3 to 5mass percent of reinforcing fiber, and compares the hardness and the strength of the pantograph pan prepared by the preparation methods (direct compression molding process and three-time compression molding process) of the pantograph pan in the two embodiments. Using JBT 8133.3 "test method for physicochemical properties of electrical carbon products part 3: the hardness of the pantograph pan is tested by the method disclosed in Rockwell hardness; using JBT8133.7 "test method for physicochemical properties of electrical carbon products part 7: the strength of the pantograph pan is tested by the method disclosed in the bending strength.
The physical property parameters of the pantograph pan samples prepared in example 8 and example 9 were tested as follows:
in the hot plate pressing and hot pre-pressing processes, gas generated by curing can be smoothly discharged, material gaps are reduced, the sample is more compact, the bonding force of resin, reinforcing fibers and other fillers is increased after three times of pressing, and the Rockwell hardness and the breaking strength of the slide plate sample are improved.
The wear rates and coefficients of friction of the samples of the resin materials of examples 8 and 9 were measured as follows:
placing a resin material sample under a normal-temperature speed change working condition to simulate abrasion, wherein the normal-temperature speed change condition is as follows: dry friction, cylinder pressure of 0.25MPa, initial rotation speed of 6500r/min, 3 times of braking for each group, cooling the sample to room temperature after each braking, and then performing the next braking.
The method used in example 9 also reduced the wear surface void fraction and improved the electrical erosion resistance of the slider samples, with the wear performance results shown in the table below.
In the embodiment 9, the sliding plate material prepared by the three-time pressing process is adopted, and resin macromolecules in the sliding plate material enter the filler, the pores of the fibers and the concave-convex parts after being cured to form uniform mechanical hinge, so that the bonding effect is obviously improved. The resin treated by the three pressing processes further increases the binding force among the components in the sliding plate sample, so that the sliding plate sample is not easy to fall off in the abrasion process, and the abrasion rate of the sliding plate sample is reduced.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent structural changes made by using the contents of the present specification and the drawings, or any other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention. The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent structural changes made by using the contents of the present specification and the drawings, or any other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
The invention is not the best known technology. The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not substantially depart from the spirit and scope of the embodiments of the present invention, and are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The resin material is characterized by comprising 67-81 mass percent of electrolytic copper powder, 9-21mass percent of resin binder and 4-13 mass percent of graphite, wherein the mass ratio of cashew nut shell oil modified phenolic resin to nitrile rubber in the resin binder is less than 2.
2. The resin material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the resin binder is 9 to 18 mass% of the polybismaleimide resin and the cashew nut shell oil-modified phenol resin.
3. The resin material according to claim 1, wherein the graphite is flake graphite or powdery graphite.
4. The resin material according to claim 1, further comprising 5% (mass fraction) of a reinforcing fiber.
5. A pantograph pan made of the resin material according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
6. A preparation method of a pantograph slide plate is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, placing the pretreated graphite, electrolytic copper powder and binder at 165 +/-5 ℃ for hot pressing; the hot pressing pressure is 150MPa; deflating every 10s at the beginning of the hot pressing for 3 times, and deflating every 3min in the pressure maintaining stage;
s2, carrying out heat treatment on the material obtained in the step S1, wherein the heat treatment comprises heat treatment at 110 ℃ for 1 hour, heat treatment at 150 ℃ for 2 hours and heat treatment at 200 ℃ for 8 hours;
and S3, carrying out vacuum or pressurization dipping treatment on the material obtained in the step S2 for 2 hours to obtain the pantograph slide plate.
7. The method for preparing a pantograph pan according to claim 6, wherein a pre-pressing operation is first performed before the hot-pressing in step S1, the pre-pressing operation comprising: performing hot plate pressing on the pretreated graphite, electrolytic copper powder and binder at the temperature of 60 +/-5 ℃, then cooling and crushing, and performing hot pre-pressing molding at the pre-pressing temperature of 110 +/-5 ℃ and the pre-pressing molding pressure of 85MPa to obtain pre-pressed sheets; and after the pre-pressing piece is cooled, carrying out hot pressing operation.
8. A method of manufacturing a pantograph slide plate according to claim 6, wherein the pre-treatment comprises:
soaking graphite in 70% oxidant water solution for 24 hr, washing with clear water, and oven drying; the electrolytic copper powder, the adhesive and the treated graphite are mixed and screened, then are stirred intermittently for about 5min in a rotary stirrer and then are mixed for 2h in a planetary rapid grinding machine.
9. An electrified vehicle employing the pantograph slide plate of claim 5.
10. An electrified vehicle employing a pantograph pan prepared according to the method of any one of claims 6 to 8.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211437147.8A CN115819919A (en) | 2022-11-15 | 2022-11-15 | Resin material, pantograph slide plate and preparation method thereof, and electrified vehicle |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202211437147.8A CN115819919A (en) | 2022-11-15 | 2022-11-15 | Resin material, pantograph slide plate and preparation method thereof, and electrified vehicle |
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| CN115819919A true CN115819919A (en) | 2023-03-21 |
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| CN202211437147.8A Pending CN115819919A (en) | 2022-11-15 | 2022-11-15 | Resin material, pantograph slide plate and preparation method thereof, and electrified vehicle |
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| CN (1) | CN115819919A (en) |
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