CN115811059A - Frequency coordination control method, medium and system for multi-direct-current power transmission system - Google Patents
Frequency coordination control method, medium and system for multi-direct-current power transmission system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a frequency coordination control method, medium and system of a multi-direct current power transmission system, comprising the following steps: calculating frequency modulation auxiliary power of each direct current transmission system with one end connected to the alternating current power system based on the frequency of the alternating current power system; adding the frequency modulation auxiliary power of each direct current transmission system and the initial power of each direct current transmission system to obtain alternative power of each direct current transmission system; and determining the actual power of each direct current transmission system according to the comparison result of the alternative power of each direct current transmission system and the minimum operation power limit value and the maximum operation power limit value of each direct current transmission system. The invention improves the frequency modulation capability of the alternating current power system, reduces the frequency fluctuation rate and amplitude of the system, improves the frequency stability of the alternating current power system and ensures the safe and stable operation of the alternating current power system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of direct-current power transmission systems, in particular to a frequency coordination control method, medium and system of a multi-direct-current power transmission system.
Background
With the advance of the double-carbon target of carbon peak reaching and carbon neutralization, new energy power generation represented by wind power, solar energy and the like is vigorously developed in recent years. In order to realize large-scale delivery of new energy, a plurality of direct current transmission systems are delivered in a part of new energy power generation base gathering areas. Because the new energy power generation system is mainly connected to the grid through the converter, the frequency modulation contribution of the new energy power generation system to the power grid is almost zero. With the improvement of the power generation permeability of new energy, great challenges are brought to the frequency stability of a power grid.
At present, although the method for participating in power grid frequency modulation by a new energy power generation system in the prior art can improve the frequency modulation capability of the system to a certain extent, the frequency modulation capability of the new energy power generation system is easily influenced by weather factors, only transient frequency modulation support can be provided for a power grid in actual engineering, and the improvement capability of the system on the frequency characteristic is limited. The high-voltage and extra-high-voltage direct-current transmission system has the characteristics of large transmission capacity, high regulation speed, capability of providing power support for a transmission end power grid by depending on a direct-current receiving end alternating-current power system and the like, so that the research on the control technology of direct current participating in frequency modulation of the direct-current transmission end alternating-current power system has important significance for improving the frequency stability of the direct-current transmission end alternating-current power system.
At present, a conventional high-voltage and extra-high-voltage direct-current transmission system mainly participates in primary frequency modulation and inertia response of an alternating-current power system through droop control and inertia control, however, when a plurality of direct currents exist in a power grid in the same area and are simultaneously sent out or fed in, due to different operation conditions of different direct currents and different adjustable capacities, when the system generates large power disturbance, if each direct-current transmission system still independently participates in power grid frequency modulation control, the situation that part of direct-current transmission systems reach a power limit value and cannot be adjusted continuously and the other direct current still does not fully exert the adjusting capacity easily occurs. Therefore, how to realize the coordination among different direct current transmission systems and fully exert the frequency modulation capability of all direct current transmission systems is worth further research, so that the frequency stability of an alternating current power system is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a frequency coordination control method, medium and system for a multi-direct-current power transmission system, and aims to solve the problem that the frequency modulation capability of the multi-direct-current power transmission system is not fully exerted in the prior art.
In a first aspect, a frequency coordination control method for a multiple direct current power transmission system is provided, including:
calculating frequency modulation auxiliary power of each direct current power transmission system with one end connected to the alternating current power system based on the frequency of the alternating current power system;
adding the frequency modulation auxiliary power of each direct current power transmission system and the initial power of each direct current power transmission system to obtain alternative power of each direct current power transmission system;
and determining the actual power of each direct current transmission system according to the comparison result of the alternative power of each direct current transmission system and the minimum operation power limit value and the maximum operation power limit value of each direct current transmission system.
In a second aspect, a computer-readable storage medium having computer program instructions stored thereon is provided; the computer program instructions, when executed by a processor, implement a method of frequency coordination control for a multiple direct current power transmission system as described in the embodiments of the first aspect above.
In a third aspect, a frequency coordination control system for a multiple direct current power transmission system is provided, including: a computer readable storage medium as described in the second aspect of the embodiments above.
Therefore, the embodiment of the invention is used in a high-voltage or extra-high-voltage direct-current transmission system, and when the alternating-current power system has large load disturbance, the active power transmitted by each direct-current transmission system is adjusted through frequency coordination control, the frequency modulation capability of the alternating-current power system is improved, the frequency fluctuation rate and amplitude of the system are reduced, the frequency stability of the alternating-current power system is improved, and the safe and stable operation of the alternating-current power system is ensured.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive labor.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method of frequency coordination control for a multiple dc power transmission system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic block diagram of a high voltage direct current transmission system of an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an extra-high voltage direct current transmission system of the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a functional block diagram of a frequency coordination control method for a multiple DC power transmission system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a block diagram of a frequency coordination control system of a multi-dc power transmission system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention discloses a frequency coordination control method of a multi-direct-current power transmission system. The method is suitable for high-voltage and extra-high-voltage direct-current transmission systems, in particular to conventional high-voltage and extra-high-voltage direct-current transmission systems adopting a power grid commutation converter valve. The principle structures of a conventional high-voltage direct-current transmission system and an extra-high-voltage direct-current transmission system are respectively shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3, and the high-voltage direct-current transmission system and the extra-high-voltage direct-current transmission system both comprise the following structures: the system comprises a sending end alternating current power grid 11, a sending end electrode I system 12, an electrode I direct current power transmission line 13, a receiving end electrode I system 14, a grounding electrode lead 15, a grounding electrode 16, a sending end electrode II system 17, an electrode II direct current power transmission line 18, a receiving end electrode II system 19 and a receiving end alternating current power grid 20. The major difference between high and extra-high voltage dc transmission systems is that a high voltage dc transmission system contains only one converter per pole, whereas an extra-high voltage dc transmission system contains two converters, a high side and a low side, per pole. In practical engineering, the frequency coordination control function of the direct-current power transmission system is usually realized in a bipolar layer control system, and the rapidity of response is ensured by detecting the frequency of the alternating-current power system and directly controlling the transmission power of the direct-current power transmission system.
Based on this, as shown in fig. 1 and 4, the method for controlling the frequency coordination of the multiple direct current power transmission system according to the embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:
step S101: based on the frequency of the alternating current power system, calculating the frequency modulation auxiliary power of each direct current power transmission system with one end connected to the alternating current power system.
Specifically, the steps include the following processes:
1. and calculating the total frequency modulation auxiliary power of all the direct current transmission systems based on the frequency of the alternating current power system.
Specifically, the steps include the following processes:
(1) And acquiring the frequency of the alternating current power system and the rated operating power of each direct current power transmission system in a current operating mode in real time.
Specifically, the frequency of the ac power system according to the embodiment of the present invention is a frequency subjected to filtering processing, and a frequency subjected to per unit processing is generally adopted.
The frequency after the per-unit processing is expressed by f 0 The method specifically includes acquiring the voltage of the alternating current power system in real time, and calculating to obtain the original frequency f of the alternating current power system through a phase-locked loop based on the voltage of the alternating current power system 0 The filter may be a first order inertial filter or a second order filter, f n A nominal value representing the frequency of the ac power system, the calculation formula of per unit processing is:
(2) And calculating the deviation value and the change rate of the frequency of the alternating current power system by using the frequency of the alternating current power system.
In particular, deviation of frequency of an AC power systemEqual to the difference of the frequency of the ac power system minus the nominal value of the frequency of the ac power system. When Δ f represents the offset value of the ac power system, Δ f = f-f n 。
In particular, the rate of change of the frequency of the ac power system is equal to the differential of the frequency of the ac power system over time, i.e. the rate of change is
(3) And calculating the total frequency modulation auxiliary power of all the direct current power transmission systems according to the deviation value and the change rate of the frequency of the alternating current power transmission system and the rated operation power of each direct current power transmission system in the current operation mode.
Specifically, the steps include the following processes:
(1) and multiplying the deviation value of the frequency of the alternating current power system by a proportionality coefficient to obtain first total frequency modulation auxiliary power.
In particular, with P f1_all Representing the first total FM auxiliary power by k p And expressing the proportionality coefficient, calculating the first total frequency modulation auxiliary power according to the following formula:
P f1_all ＝k p Δf。
wherein the proportionality coefficient is the ratio of the sum of rated operating power of each DC power transmission system in the current operating mode to the equivalent droop coefficient of all DC power transmission systems, and is represented by P dcn_i Representing the rated operating power of the DC transmission system i in the current operating mode, denoted by R vir Representing the equivalent droop coefficient of all DC transmission systems, i.e.
n represents the number of dc transmission systems.
Wherein, with R vir_i And representing the droop coefficients of the direct current transmission system i, wherein the calculation method of the equivalent droop coefficients of all the direct current transmission systems comprises the following steps:
thus, after integration, the scaling factor can be expressed as:
(2) and multiplying the change rate of the frequency of the alternating current power system by a differential coefficient to obtain second total frequency modulation auxiliary power.
In particular, with P f2_all Representing the second total modulated auxiliary power by k d And representing a differential coefficient, the calculation formula of the second total frequency modulation auxiliary power is as follows:
wherein the differential coefficient is twice of the product of the sum of rated operating power of each direct current power transmission system in the current operating mode and the equivalent inertia time constant of all direct current power transmission systems, and is represented by H vir Representing the equivalent time constant of inertia of all DC transmission systems, i.e.
Wherein, with H vir_i Representing the inertia time constant of the direct current power transmission system i, the calculation method of the equivalent inertia time constant of all the direct current power transmission systems is as follows:
thus, after integration, the differential coefficient can be represented by:
according to the absolute value of the deviation value of the frequency of the alternating current power system and the absolute value of the change rate, the following two different total frequency modulation auxiliary power calculation modes are provided:
(3) and if the absolute value of the deviation value of the frequency of the alternating current power system is smaller than a preset deviation value threshold value, and the absolute value of the change rate of the frequency of the alternating current power system is smaller than a preset change rate threshold value, determining that the total frequency modulation auxiliary power of all the direct current power transmission systems is zero.
Setting the preset deviation value threshold as OFFSET and the preset change RATE threshold as RATE, that is
Then P is f_all ＝0。
(4) And if the absolute value of the deviation value of the frequency of the alternating current power system is not less than the preset deviation value threshold value, or the absolute value of the change rate of the frequency of the alternating current power system is not less than the preset change rate threshold value, determining the total frequency modulation auxiliary power of all the direct current power transmission systems as the sum of the first total frequency modulation auxiliary power and the second total frequency modulation auxiliary power.
Namely, it is
Then P is f_all ＝P f1_all +P f2_all 。
2. And calculating the frequency modulation capability coefficient of each direct current transmission system.
Specifically, according to the magnitude of the total modulation auxiliary power, the step includes the following two cases:
(1) And if the total frequency modulation auxiliary power of all the direct current transmission systems is larger than 0, calculating the ratio of the maximum boosting power of each direct current transmission system to the sum of the maximum boosting power of all the direct current transmission systems to obtain the frequency modulation capability coefficient of each direct current transmission system.
With k a_i Coefficient of frequency modulation capability of DC power transmission system i, expressed as P C_inc_i Representing the maximum possible boost power of the DC transmission system i, if P f_all >0，
(2) And if the total frequency modulation auxiliary power of all the direct current transmission systems is not more than 0, calculating the ratio of the maximum recoverable power of each direct current transmission system to the sum of the maximum recoverable power of all the direct current transmission systems to obtain the frequency modulation capability coefficient of each direct current transmission system.
With P C_dec_i Representing the maximum power that can be dropped back in the DC transmission system i, if P f_all ≤0，
3. And calculating the product of the frequency modulation capability coefficient of each direct current power transmission system and the total frequency modulation auxiliary power of all the direct current power transmission systems to obtain the frequency modulation auxiliary power of each direct current power transmission system.
With P f_i Represents the frequency-modulated auxiliary power of the DC transmission system i, then P f_i ＝k a_i P f_all 。
Step S102: and adding the frequency modulation auxiliary power of each direct current transmission system and the initial power of each direct current transmission system to obtain the alternative power of each direct current transmission system.
With P d_ord1_i Representing alternative frequencies, P, of the DC transmission system i d_ord0_i Representing the initial power of the DC transmission system i, P d_ord1_i ＝P f_i +P d_ord0_i 。
Step S103: and determining the actual power of each direct current transmission system according to the comparison result of the alternative power of each direct current transmission system and the minimum operation power limit value and the maximum operation power limit value of each direct current transmission system.
Specifically, according to the difference of the comparison results, there are the following situations:
(1) For each direct current transmission system, if the alternative power of the direct current transmission system is smaller than the minimum operating power limit value of the direct current transmission system, determining the actual power of the direct current transmission system to be the minimum operating power limit value of the direct current transmission system.
With P dmin_i Representing the minimum operating power limit, P, of the DC transmission system i d_ord_i Representing the actual power of the DC transmission system i, i.e.P d_ord1_i <P dmin_i Then, performing a clipping process, P d_ord_i ＝P dmin_i 。
(2) For each direct current transmission system, if the alternative power of the direct current transmission system is greater than the maximum operating power limit value of the direct current transmission system, determining the actual power of the direct current transmission system to be the maximum operating power limit value of the direct current transmission system.
With P dmax_i Representing the maximum operating power limit of the DC transmission system i, i.e. P d_ord1_i >P dmax_i Then, a slice process is performed, P d_ord_i ＝P dmax_i 。
(3) For each direct current transmission system, if the alternative power of the direct current transmission system is not less than the minimum operating power limit value of the direct current transmission system and not greater than the maximum operating power limit value of the direct current transmission system, determining the actual power of the direct current transmission system as the alternative power of the direct current transmission system.
I.e. P dmin_i ≤P d_ord1_i ≤P dmax_i Then P is d_ord_i ＝P d_ord1_i 。
The maximum operating power limit and the minimum operating power limit described above may be determined empirically. For example, in the embodiment of the present invention, the maximum operating power limit is 1.0p.u., and the minimum operating power limit is 0.1p.u.; when the direct current transmission system has overload operation capacity, the maximum operation power limit value of the direct current transmission system can also be a 2h overload fixed value of the direct current transmission system.
By the above-described limiting process, the actual power of the dc transmission system may be limited between a maximum operating power limit and a minimum operating power limit.
The embodiment of the invention also discloses a computer readable storage medium, wherein the computer readable storage medium is stored with computer program instructions; the computer program instructions, when executed by a processor, implement a method of frequency coordination control for a multiple direct current power transmission system as described in the above embodiments.
The embodiment of the invention also discloses a frequency coordination control system of the multi-direct current power transmission system, which comprises the following steps: a computer readable storage medium as in the above embodiments.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 5, the system includes: a detection module 501 and a control module 502.
The detection module 501 is configured to obtain the frequency of the ac power system and the rated operating power of each dc power transmission system in real time in the current operating mode.
Specifically, the detection module 501 includes: the system comprises a frequency filtering and per-unit processing unit of an alternating current power system and a direct current system running state acquisition unit.
The frequency filtering and per-unit processing unit of the ac power system is used for performing the filtering and per-unit processing described in the foregoing method, and will not be described herein again.
The direct current system operation state acquisition unit is used for receiving rated operation power of each direct current transmission system in the current operation mode, receiving maximum liftable power and maximum retractable power of each direct current transmission system, and providing a basis for calculation of a proportionality coefficient, a differential coefficient and a frequency modulation capability coefficient.
The control module 502 includes: the device comprises a frequency deviation value and change rate calculation unit, a proportionality coefficient and differential coefficient calculation unit, a total frequency modulation auxiliary power calculation unit, a direct current transmission system frequency modulation capability coefficient calculation unit, a single direct current transmission system frequency modulation auxiliary power calculation unit and a direct current transmission system actual power calculation unit.
And the deviation value and change rate calculation unit of the frequency is used for calculating the deviation value and the change rate of the frequency of the alternating current power system by adopting the frequency of the alternating current power system.
And the proportional coefficient and differential coefficient calculation unit is used for calculating a proportional coefficient which is a ratio of the sum of the rated operating power of each direct current power transmission system in the current operating mode to the equivalent droop coefficients of all the direct current power transmission systems, and calculating a differential coefficient which is twice of a product of the sum of the rated operating power of each direct current power transmission system in the current operating mode and the equivalent inertia time constants of all the direct current power transmission systems.
And the total frequency modulation auxiliary power calculation unit is used for calculating the total frequency modulation auxiliary power of all the direct current transmission systems based on the frequency of the alternating current power system.
And the direct current system frequency modulation capability coefficient calculation unit is used for calculating the frequency modulation capability coefficient of each direct current power transmission system.
And calculating the frequency modulation auxiliary power of the single direct current system, wherein the frequency modulation auxiliary power is used for calculating the product of the frequency modulation capability coefficient of each direct current power transmission system and the total frequency modulation auxiliary power of all direct current power transmission systems to obtain the frequency modulation auxiliary power of each direct current power transmission system.
The direct current transmission system actual power calculation unit is used for adding the frequency modulation auxiliary power of each direct current transmission system and the initial power of each direct current transmission system to obtain alternative power of each direct current transmission system; and determining the actual power of each direct current transmission system according to the comparison result of the alternative power of each direct current transmission system and the minimum operation power limit value and the maximum operation power limit value of each direct current transmission system.
To sum up, the embodiment of the invention is used in a high-voltage or extra-high voltage direct current transmission system, and when the alternating current power system has large load disturbance, the active power transmitted by each direct current transmission system is adjusted through frequency coordination control, so that the frequency modulation capability of the alternating current power system is improved, the frequency fluctuation rate and amplitude of the system are reduced, the frequency stability of the alternating current power system is improved, and the safe and stable operation of the alternating current power system is ensured.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A frequency coordination control method of a multi-direct current power transmission system is characterized by comprising the following steps:
calculating frequency modulation auxiliary power of each direct current power transmission system with one end connected to the alternating current power system based on the frequency of the alternating current power system;
adding the frequency modulation auxiliary power of each direct current power transmission system and the initial power of each direct current power transmission system to obtain alternative power of each direct current power transmission system;
and determining the actual power of each direct current transmission system according to the comparison result of the alternative power of each direct current transmission system and the minimum operation power limit value and the maximum operation power limit value of each direct current transmission system.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of calculating the frequency modulated auxiliary power for each of the dc power transmission systems having one end connected to the ac power system comprises:
calculating the total frequency modulation auxiliary power of all the direct current transmission systems based on the frequency of the alternating current power system;
calculating the frequency modulation capability coefficient of each direct current power transmission system;
and calculating the product of the frequency modulation capability coefficient of each direct current power transmission system and the total frequency modulation auxiliary power of all the direct current power transmission systems to obtain the frequency modulation auxiliary power of each direct current power transmission system.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of calculating the total modulated auxiliary power for all of the dc power transmission systems comprises:
acquiring the frequency of the alternating current power system and the rated operating power of each direct current power transmission system in real time under the current operating mode;
calculating a deviation value and a change rate of the frequency of the alternating current power system by using the frequency of the alternating current power system;
and calculating the total frequency modulation auxiliary power of all the direct current transmission systems according to the deviation value and the change rate of the frequency of the alternating current power system and the rated operation power of each direct current transmission system in the current operation mode.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the step of calculating the total modulated auxiliary power for all of the DC power transmission systems comprises:
multiplying the deviation value of the frequency of the alternating current power system by a proportionality coefficient to obtain first total frequency modulation auxiliary power;
multiplying the change rate of the frequency of the alternating current power system by a differential coefficient to obtain second total frequency modulation auxiliary power;
if the absolute value of the deviation value of the frequency of the alternating current power system is smaller than a preset deviation value threshold value, and the absolute value of the change rate of the frequency of the alternating current power system is smaller than a preset change rate threshold value, determining that the total frequency modulation auxiliary power of all the direct current power transmission systems is zero;
if the absolute value of the deviation value of the frequency of the alternating current power system is not smaller than a preset deviation value threshold value, or the absolute value of the change rate of the frequency of the alternating current power system is not smaller than a preset change rate threshold value, determining that the total frequency modulation auxiliary power of all the direct current power transmission systems is the sum of the first total frequency modulation auxiliary power and the second total frequency modulation auxiliary power.
5. The method of coordinated frequency control of a multi-dc power transmission system according to claim 4, characterized by:
the proportionality coefficient is the ratio of the sum of rated operating power of the current operation mode of each direct current transmission system to the equivalent droop coefficient of all the direct current transmission systems;
the differential coefficient is twice the product of the sum of rated operating powers in the current operating mode of each direct current power transmission system and the equivalent inertia time constant of all direct current power transmission systems.
6. The method according to claim 2, wherein said step of calculating a frequency modulation capability factor for each of said dc power transmission systems comprises:
if the total frequency modulation auxiliary power of all the direct current transmission systems is larger than 0, calculating the ratio of the maximum liftable power of each direct current transmission system to the sum of the maximum liftable power of all the direct current transmission systems to obtain the frequency modulation capacity coefficient of each direct current transmission system;
and if the total frequency modulation auxiliary power of all the direct current power transmission systems is not more than 0, calculating the ratio of the maximum power that can be dropped back of each direct current power transmission system to the sum of the maximum power that can be dropped back of all the direct current power transmission systems, and obtaining the frequency modulation capacity coefficient of each direct current power transmission system.
7. The method of coordinated frequency control of a plurality of dc power transmission systems according to claim 1, wherein the step of determining the actual power of each of said dc power transmission systems comprises:
for each direct current transmission system, if the alternative power of the direct current transmission system is smaller than the minimum operating power limit value of the direct current transmission system, determining the actual power of the direct current transmission system as the minimum operating power limit value of the direct current transmission system;
for each direct current transmission system, if the alternative power of the direct current transmission system is greater than the maximum operating power limit value of the direct current transmission system, determining the actual power of the direct current transmission system as the maximum operating power limit value of the direct current transmission system;
and for each direct current transmission system, if the alternative power of the direct current transmission system is not less than the minimum operating power limit of the direct current transmission system and not more than the maximum operating power limit of the direct current transmission system, determining the actual power of the direct current transmission system as the alternative power of the direct current transmission system.
8. The method of coordinated frequency control of a multi-dc power transmission system according to claim 1, characterized by:
the deviation value of the frequency of the alternating current power system is equal to a difference obtained by subtracting a rated value of the frequency of the alternating current power system from the frequency of the alternating current power system;
the rate of change of the frequency of the ac power system is equal to the differential of the frequency of the ac power system over time.
9. A computer-readable storage medium characterized by: the computer readable storage medium having stored thereon computer program instructions; the computer program instructions, when executed by a processor, implement a method of frequency coordination control for a multiple dc power transmission system according to any of claims 1 to 8.
10. A frequency coordination control system for a multiple dc power transmission system, comprising: the computer readable storage medium of claim 9.
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| CN117713026A (en) * | 2023-12-14 | 2024-03-15 | 南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司 | Automatic power generation control method, device and equipment matched with direct-current power transmission system |
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| CN117713026A (en) * | 2023-12-14 | 2024-03-15 | 南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司 | Automatic power generation control method, device and equipment matched with direct-current power transmission system |
| CN117713026B (en) * | 2023-12-14 | 2024-05-24 | 南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司 | Automatic power generation control method, device and equipment matched with direct-current power transmission system |
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