CN115810434A - Tungsten mesh toughened aluminum-based composite nuclear shielding material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Tungsten mesh toughened aluminum-based composite nuclear shielding material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115810434A CN115810434A CN202211723006.2A CN202211723006A CN115810434A CN 115810434 A CN115810434 A CN 115810434A CN 202211723006 A CN202211723006 A CN 202211723006A CN 115810434 A CN115810434 A CN 115810434A
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of nuclear radiation protection composite materials, in particular to a tungsten mesh toughened aluminum-based composite nuclear shielding material and a preparation method thereof, which comprises the following steps: selecting a treatment tungsten net: step two: preparing a neutron absorber suspension; step three: the tungsten mesh is cut into layers and then stacked, the neutron absorber suspension is brushed on the surface of each layer of tungsten mesh, and a tungsten mesh prefabricated part is formed after drying; step four: pressing the tungsten mesh prefabricated part into a steel mould; step five: preheating the tungsten mesh prefabricated part and melting aluminum metal; step six: molten aluminum metal is cast on the preheated tungsten mesh prefabricated part; step seven: pressurizing to infiltrate molten aluminum metal into the preheated tungsten mesh preform; step eight: maintaining the pressure and naturally cooling to prepare the tungsten mesh toughened aluminum-based composite nuclear shielding material; the composite material takes boron-containing and/or gadolinium-containing particles as neutron absorption components, takes tungsten mesh as gamma ray absorption components and takes aluminum metal as a matrix, has comprehensive shielding capability and simultaneously has good mechanical properties.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of nuclear radiation protection composite materials, in particular to a tungsten mesh toughened aluminum-based composite nuclear shielding material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Nuclear shielding materials play a crucial role in the safe application of nuclear energy. Nuclear reactor power plants that require weight reduction and size reduction require nuclear shielding materials having superior mechanical properties and lower specific gravities.
In order to meet the requirement of structural function integration of nuclear shielding materials, a large number of researches are carried out at home and abroad, and a series of efficient metal-based and polymer-based comprehensive shielding composite materials such as shielding concrete, boron steel, lead-boron polyethylene and the like are designed and developed.
For example, patent CN105014075 prepares a lead-aluminum-boron composite shielding material with excellent shielding performance and mechanical properties, but the preparation process is relatively complicated, and the shielding concrete is susceptible to severe environmental corrosion, which affects the absorption effect of the material on shielding particles.
For example, patent CN110774512A prepares a tungsten boron polyethylene shield with high tungsten content, which has high nuclear radiation shielding efficiency, but the material contains polymer, which has poor heat resistance, only 80-100 ℃. The boron steel and the high boron steel can react to generate eutectic boride Fe 2 B, the alloy is easy to nucleate at a crystal boundary, the mechanical property of the material is weakened, and meanwhile, the shielding property of the alloy is not greatly influenced by solid solubility. However, the nuclear shielding material with high efficiency and stability is required to have not only high gamma ray and neutron shielding performance but also good toughness. The aluminum-based composite material has the characteristics of controllable mesoscopic form and large adjustable content range of the added shielding components, and can keep the qualityGood mechanical property and heat resistance, and lower specific gravity compared with the traditional shielding material, which has great advantages in later material forming and engineering use.
In view of the toxicity hazard of lead element, the invention uses heavy nuclear element tungsten as a gamma ray shielding component and uses boron-containing particles and/or gadolinium-containing particles to realize good neutron absorption effect. However, in the existing tungsten-containing nuclear shielding composite material, the tungsten element is mainly added in the form of particles, and the plasticity of the composite material is remarkably reduced along with the increase of the content of the tungsten particles.
For example, patent CN110527887B discloses a composite material obtained by ball milling tungsten and/or tungsten carbide and one or two of boron, boron carbide and boron nitride with aluminum alloy powder and then performing spark plasma sintering.
In order to improve the shielding performance of the composite material, the content of tungsten and/or tungsten carbide is required to be increased, the mechanical property of the composite material is reduced obviously, the requirement of structural function integration is difficult to meet, and the problems of long ball milling time and small sample size in the discharge plasma sintering preparation exist.
Therefore, the invention changes the granular reinforcement into the tungsten filament woven in a net shape, and adopts the pressure infiltration method to prepare the tungsten net toughening aluminum-based composite material, so as to reduce the contribution of the reinforcement to the brittleness of the composite material, and improve the toughness of the material while ensuring the shielding performance of the material.
In conclusion, the research and development of the structural function integrated nuclear shielding material which has comprehensive shielding capability for gamma rays and neutrons and simultaneously has good mechanical properties is imperative and has wide prospect.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a tungsten mesh toughened aluminum-based composite nuclear shielding material and a preparation method thereof, which can be used for preparing a structural function integrated nuclear shielding material with comprehensive shielding capability on gamma rays and neutrons and good mechanical property.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a tungsten net toughening aluminum base composite nuclear shielding material, the composite material uses boron-containing and/or gadolinium-containing particles as neutron absorption components, the tungsten net as gamma ray absorption components, and the aluminum metal as a substrate; wherein the volume fraction of the particles containing boron and/or gadolinium is 1-20%, the volume fraction of the tungsten mesh is 1-50%, and the volume fraction of the aluminum metal matrix is 30-98%;
the aluminum metal matrix is pure aluminum or aluminum alloy, the boron-containing particles are pure boron powder and/or boron carbide powder, the particle size of the boron-containing powder is 0.1-30 mu m, the gadolinium-containing particles are pure gadolinium powder and/or gadolinium oxide powder, the particle size of the gadolinium-containing powder is 0.1-50 mu m, the tungsten mesh is 10-500 meshes, and the wire diameter is 5 mu m-1 mm;
a preparation method of a tungsten mesh toughened aluminum-based composite nuclear shielding material comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: selecting a treatment tungsten net: selecting a tungsten net with 10-500 meshes and 5-1 mm of wire diameter according to the material design requirement, and cleaning the tungsten net in a cleaning agent to remove impurities and an oxide layer on the surface; the cleaning agent is concentrated alkali or concentrated acid solution;
step two: preparing a neutron absorber suspension; the neutron absorber suspension is 100-700% of suspension prepared from boron-containing powder and/or gadolinium-containing powder and absolute ethyl alcohol;
step three: cutting the cleaned tungsten mesh into a certain shape and size, stacking according to the material design requirements according to a staggered stacking and sequential stacking equal-stacking mode and a stacking angle of 0-90 degrees, wherein each layer of tungsten mesh is laid, brushing a neutron absorber suspension on the surface of the tungsten mesh by using a brush, and weighing to determine the addition amount of the neutron absorber; clamping the arranged tungsten mesh up and down by using a graphite gasket, and fixing by using a bolt; then the mixture is put into a drying oven with the temperature of 50-100 ℃ for drying for 5-20 min;
step four: pressing the tungsten mesh prefabricated part into a steel mould by using a press machine;
step five: transferring the tungsten mesh preform and the steel die to a heating furnace together, heating the temperature of the heating furnace from room temperature to 500-700 ℃, and preserving the temperature for 10-120 minutes to obtain a preheated tungsten mesh preform; simultaneously heating aluminum metal at 700-900 ℃ to be melted;
step six: placing the obtained preheated tungsten mesh preform on the table top of a press machine, and pouring molten aluminum metal onto the preheated tungsten mesh preform in the steel mold;
step seven: applying pressure by a press machine to infiltrate the molten aluminum metal into the preheated tungsten mesh preform, wherein the pressure is 30-80 MPa;
step eight: completely infiltrating the molten aluminum metal into the preheated tungsten mesh preform, keeping the pressure for 1-5 min and naturally cooling;
step nine: demoulding, and taking out the cast ingot to obtain the tungsten mesh toughened aluminum-based composite material;
the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, boron-containing particles and/or gadolinium-containing particles are used as neutron absorption components, the tungsten mesh is used as a gamma ray absorption component, and aluminum metal is infiltrated into the tungsten mesh prefabricated body containing boron and/or gadolinium by adopting a pressure infiltration process, so that the prepared composite material has the characteristics of high density, good toughness and good gamma ray and neutron radiation comprehensive shielding effect, and meets the requirement of structural and functional integration of the nuclear shielding material.
The volume fraction of tungsten contained in the tungsten net toughened aluminum-based composite material with the gamma ray and neutron shielding functions prepared by the invention is 1-50%, and the density is more than 99%. The gamma ray shielding performance of the composite material is increased along with the increase of the tungsten content, and when the volume fraction of tungsten is more than 20%, the gamma ray absorption coefficient of the composite material is more than 0.3cm < -1 >; at the moment, if the tungsten particles are added, the composite material is subjected to brittle fracture when being stretched and stressed, and the fracture elongation is less than 0.5%; if the composite material is added in a tungsten mesh form, the fracture elongation of the composite material can reach 2-5% when the composite material is stretched and stressed, and the structural and functional integration requirements of the shielding material can be better met. The invention provides a preparation method of a tungsten mesh toughened aluminum-based composite material with gamma ray and neutron shielding functions, which is simple in preparation method, easy to operate and easy to control in process, and the prepared composite material is high in compactness, good in toughness and capable of shielding neutrons and gamma rays.
Drawings
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the microstructure of a tungsten mesh toughened aluminum-based composite nuclear shielding material of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a comparison of the tensile stress-strain curves of the W-B-Al composite material containing 20% W-particles and the W-net toughened Al-based composite nuclear shielding material containing 20% W-net particles.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In order to prepare a structural and functional integrated nuclear shielding material which has comprehensive shielding capability for gamma rays and neutrons and simultaneously has good mechanical properties, as shown in fig. 1, the following describes in detail the steps and functions of a preparation method of a tungsten mesh toughened aluminum-based composite nuclear shielding material;
the first embodiment is as follows:
weighing 24.1% of tungsten mesh and 3% of boron powder according to volume fraction, wherein the mesh number of the tungsten mesh comprises 100 meshes and 150 meshes, mixing the weighed boron powder and absolute ethyl alcohol to prepare a boron-containing suspension with the concentration of 500%, and simultaneously putting the tungsten mesh with different mesh numbers into concentrated alkali for cleaning and cutting into required shapes and sizes; brushing the boron-containing suspension on the surface of the tungsten mesh by using a brush, drying the tungsten mesh in a drying oven at 50 ℃ for 10min, and weighing to determine the content of boron particles attached to the tungsten mesh until the content meets the shielding performance requirement. Then, 100-mesh and 150-mesh boron-containing tungsten nets are laminated according to a staggered lamination mode and a 0-degree layering angle, the laminated tungsten nets are clamped up and down through graphite gaskets, and the prefabricated parts are obtained through bolt fixing; pressing the prefabricated part into a steel die by using a press machine, and then transferring the prefabricated part into a heating furnace at 650 ℃ for heat preservation for 90 minutes to obtain a preheated tungsten mesh prefabricated part; simultaneously heating the aluminum matrix to be molten at 890 ℃, casting the aluminum matrix onto a preheating body in a steel die, applying pressure through a press machine to enable the molten aluminum matrix to be impregnated into a preheated tungsten mesh prefabricated part, keeping the pressure and naturally cooling; finally demoulding and taking out the cast ingot to obtain the boron/tungsten net/aluminum composite shielding material;
example two:
weighing 24.1% of tungsten mesh and 3% of boron powder according to volume fraction, wherein the mesh number of the tungsten mesh comprises 100 meshes and 150 meshes, mixing the weighed boron powder with absolute ethyl alcohol to prepare a boron-containing suspension with the concentration of 500%, and simultaneously putting the tungsten mesh with different mesh numbers into concentrated alkali for cleaning and cutting into required shapes and sizes; and brushing the boron-containing suspension on the surface of the tungsten mesh by using a brush, drying the tungsten mesh in a drying oven at 50 ℃ for 10min, and weighing to determine the content of boron particles attached to the tungsten mesh until the content meets the shielding performance requirement. Then 100-mesh and 150-mesh boron-containing tungsten nets are laminated according to a staggered lamination mode and a 45-degree layering angle, the laminated tungsten nets are clamped up and down through graphite gaskets, and the prefabricated parts are obtained through bolt fixing; pressing the prefabricated part into a steel die by adopting a press machine, and then transferring the prefabricated part into a heating furnace at 700 ℃ for heat preservation for 90 minutes to obtain a preheated tungsten mesh prefabricated part; simultaneously heating the aluminum matrix at 890 ℃ until the aluminum matrix is melted and casting the aluminum matrix on a preheating body in a steel die, applying pressure by a press machine to ensure that the molten aluminum matrix is impregnated into a preheated tungsten mesh prefabricated part, keeping the pressure and naturally cooling; finally demoulding and taking out the cast ingot to obtain the boron/tungsten net/aluminum composite shielding material.
Claims (10)
1. A tungsten mesh toughened aluminum-based composite nuclear shielding material is characterized in that: the composite material takes boron-containing and/or gadolinium-containing particles as neutron absorption components, takes tungsten mesh as gamma ray absorption components, and takes aluminum metal as a matrix;
wherein the volume fraction of the boron-containing and/or gadolinium-containing particles is 1-20%, the volume fraction of the tungsten mesh is 1-50%, and the volume fraction of the aluminum metal matrix is 30-98%.
2. The tungsten mesh toughened aluminum-based composite nuclear shielding material as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the aluminum metal matrix is pure aluminum or aluminum alloy, the boron-containing particles are pure boron powder and/or boron carbide powder, the particle size of the boron-containing powder is 0.1-30 mu m, the gadolinium-containing particles are pure gadolinium powder and/or gadolinium oxide powder, the particle size of the gadolinium-containing powder is 0.1-50 mu m, the tungsten mesh is 10-500 meshes, and the wire diameter is 5 mu m-1 mm.
3. A preparation method of a tungsten mesh toughened aluminum-based composite nuclear shielding material is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: selecting a treatment tungsten net:
step two: preparing a neutron absorber suspension;
step three: cutting the tungsten mesh into layers, then laminating, brushing a neutron absorber suspension on the surface of each layer of tungsten mesh, and drying to form a tungsten mesh prefabricated part;
step four: pressing the tungsten mesh prefabricated part into a steel mould;
step five: preheating the tungsten mesh prefabricated part and melting aluminum metal;
step six: molten aluminum metal is cast on the preheated tungsten mesh prefabricated part;
step seven: pressurizing to enable molten aluminum metal to be infiltrated into the preheated tungsten mesh prefabricated body;
step eight: keeping the pressure and naturally cooling to prepare the tungsten mesh toughened aluminum-based composite nuclear shielding material.
4. The preparation method of the tungsten mesh toughened aluminum-based composite nuclear shielding material according to claim 3, characterized by comprising the following steps: in the first step, a tungsten net with the mesh number of 10-500 meshes and the wire diameter of 5 mu m-1 mm is selected and put into a cleaning agent for cleaning so as to remove impurities and oxide layers on the surface.
5. The preparation method of the tungsten mesh toughened aluminum-based composite nuclear shielding material according to claim 3, characterized by comprising the following steps: the neutron absorber suspension is 100% -700% suspension prepared from boron-containing powder and/or gadolinium-containing powder and absolute ethyl alcohol.
6. The preparation method of the tungsten mesh toughened aluminum-based composite nuclear shielding material according to claim 3, characterized by comprising the following steps: in the third step, the tungsten mesh stacking mode is staggered stacking and sequential stacking, and the stacking angle is 0-90 degrees.
7. The preparation method of the tungsten mesh toughened aluminum-based composite nuclear shielding material according to claim 3, characterized by comprising the following steps: in the third step, the drying temperature is 50-100 ℃, and the drying time is 5-20 min.
8. The preparation method of the tungsten mesh toughened aluminum-based composite nuclear shielding material according to claim 3, characterized by comprising the following steps: in the fifth step, the preheating temperature of the tungsten mesh prefabricated part is 500-700 ℃, the preheating time is 10-120 min, and the melting temperature of aluminum metal is 700-900 ℃.
9. The preparation method of the tungsten mesh toughened aluminum-based composite nuclear shielding material according to claim 3, characterized by comprising the following steps: and in the seventh step, the pressure of the molten aluminum metal infiltrated into the preheated tungsten mesh preform is 30-80 MPa.
10. The preparation method of the tungsten mesh toughened aluminum-based composite nuclear shielding material according to claim 3, characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step eight, the time for keeping the pressure is 1-5 min.
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