CN115805629B - Sound-absorbing heat-insulating fiberboard and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Sound-absorbing heat-insulating fiberboard and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a sound-absorbing heat-preserving fiber board, which comprises the following steps: preparing pretreated crop straws and compound crop straws in sequence, uniformly mixing the compound crop straws, phenolic resin, filler, waterproof agent and additive, paving and molding, sending the mixture into a cold press for cold pressing treatment, and sending the mixture into a hot press for hot pressing to obtain a core plate; and (3) pasting impregnated paper impregnated with melamine resin adhesive on two sides of the core plate, and continuing hot pressing to obtain the sound-absorbing heat-insulating fiber board with the thickness of 10-14 mm. The fiber board prepared by the invention can still ensure excellent mechanical properties on the basis of obviously reducing the addition amount of the phenolic resin, has excellent heat preservation and sound insulation effects, and can be widely used in a plurality of fields such as construction, chemical industry, metallurgy, aerospace and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fiber boards, in particular to a sound-absorbing heat-insulating fiber board and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The fiber board is an artificial board which is formed by mechanical separation and chemical treatment means of plant fibers, adhesive, waterproofing agent and the like, and high temperature and high pressure molding. At present, the structure of the medium-density fiberboard is even compared with that of natural wood, and meanwhile, the problems of decay, worm damage and the like are avoided, so that the medium-density fiberboard is widely applied to the fields of furniture, wallboards and the like.
The medium density fiberboard is generally prepared by taking plant fibers such as small-diameter log, cutting processing residues and the like as raw materials, slicing, stewing, separating fibers, drying, applying phenolic resin or other suitable adhesives, and hot-pressing. With the progress of technology, the derived serial products and deep processing varieties of the fiber boards are continuously emerging and perfected, and the medium-density fiber board is more and more widely applied to various fields of national economy.
Crop straws are mostly annual plants of Gramineae, and the main chemical components of the crop straws are cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. With the reduction of forest resources, wood supply is increasingly tense, and corresponding to the shortage is the massive accumulation and destruction of crop straw. In view of the above, the fiberboard industry positions raw materials on development and utilization of crop straws, so that the added value of the raw materials can be improved, and the haze weather caused by straw burning can be effectively relieved.
At present, the main fiber board enterprises in China also mainly depend on wood raw materials for production, the rapid development of fiber board manufacturing enables the wood raw materials to generate huge gaps, and crop straws are used as raw materials to serve as wood substitutes, so that the method is an effective method. At present, a great amount of chemical synthetic adhesives such as urea formaldehyde, phenolic aldehyde, melamine and isocyanate are often required to be added into the fiber board taking crop straws as raw materials, so that a great amount of toxic and harmful substances are emitted in the production and use processes, and if the addition of the adhesives is reduced, the mechanical properties of the fiber board are deteriorated, and the heat preservation and sound absorption effects are obviously reduced, so that the problem needs to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art, and provides a sound-absorbing heat-insulating fiberboard and a preparation method thereof.
The preparation method of the sound-absorbing heat-preserving fiber board comprises the following steps:
(1) Adding crop straws into a straw pulverizer to be pulverized into small sections with the length of 2-4cm, washing with water, adding into a cooking cylinder, adding water to submerge the crop straws, cooking under normal pressure, filtering, adjusting the water content to 10-20wt%, adding into a thermal mill to carry out pulping treatment, sending into a drying kiln to be dried until the water content is 2-8wt%, and pulverizing to obtain pretreated crop straws;
(2) Adding 20-40 parts of TMPMP, 15-35 parts of thiocyanuric acid and 1-5 parts of triethylamine into 200-300 parts of dichloromethane according to parts by weight, stirring for 2-6 hours under nitrogen atmosphere, adding 2-10 parts of 2, 2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone, uniformly mixing, adding 100-150 parts of pretreated crop straw and 1-3 parts of dispersing agent, stirring for 1-2 hours at the speed of 50-200r/min, initiating click reaction in a 400-500W ultraviolet device, continuing stirring for 1-2 hours, filtering, drying at the temperature of 40-50 ℃, adding 200-300 parts of water, adding 10-30 parts of hollow nano silicon dioxide into the mixture in a stirring state, stirring for 1-2 hours at the temperature of 80-90 ℃, filtering and drying to obtain compound crop straw;
(3) Uniformly mixing the compound crop straw, 20-50 parts of phenolic resin, 60-100 parts of filler, 1-3 parts of waterproof agent and 5-15 parts of additive, paving and molding, sending into a cold press for cold pressing treatment, wherein the cold pressing temperature is 10-20 ℃, the cold pressing time is 1-5h, the cold pressing pressure is 10-15MPa, sending into a hot press for hot pressing, and the hot pressing temperature is 120-140 ℃, the hot pressing pressure is 2-4MPa, and the hot pressing time is 5-15min to obtain a core plate;
(4) And (3) pasting impregnated paper impregnated with melamine resin adhesive on two sides of the core plate, and continuing hot pressing at 150-160 ℃ under 5-10MPa to obtain the sound-absorbing heat-insulating fiber board with the thickness of 10-14 mm.
Preferably, in (1), during the beating treatment, the heat milling is carried out at a pressure of 1-1.2MPa for 1-2 hours, and the heat milling temperature is 40-60 ℃.
Preferably, in (2), the dispersant is at least one of magnesium stearate, zinc stearate, and polyethylene wax.
Preferably, in the step (2), in the hollow nano silicon dioxide, cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide is dissolved in ethanol water solution, polystyrene microspheres with the particle size of 100-500nm are added into the solution, ammonia water is added into the solution for stirring, tetraethoxysilane is dropwise added into the solution under the stirring state, stirring is continued, centrifugation is carried out, deionized water and ethanol are used for alternately washing, drying is carried out, and the hollow nano silicon dioxide is obtained by calcining in a muffle furnace with the temperature of 500-700 ℃.
Preferably, in (2), the concentration of the ethanol aqueous solution is 40-60wt%, wherein the mass ratio of the hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide to the ethanol aqueous solution to the polystyrene microsphere to the ammonia water to the tetraethoxysilane is 1-3:20-50:1-2:5-10:5-15.
Preferably, in (3), the filler is at least one of glass powder, silica powder, and needle-like wollastonite.
Preferably, in (3), the water repellent is paraffin wax.
Preferably, in (3), the additive is a polyaluminum chloride solution and/or an aluminum sulfate solution.
Preferably, in (3), the additive comprises a polyaluminum chloride solution and an aluminum sulfate solution and is prepared as follows: 1-2, wherein the concentration of the polyaluminum chloride solution is 10-15wt% and the concentration of the aluminum sulfate solution is 5-15wt%.
A sound-absorbing heat-insulating fiber board is prepared by adopting the preparation method of the sound-absorbing heat-insulating fiber board.
The technical effects of the invention are as follows:
the hyperbranched branch chain structure is generated on the surface of the plant fiber through click reaction, so that the surface roughness of the fiber is increased, the molecular chains are more favorable for winding each other, and the load transfer capacity and the strength are higher; and then further grafting hollow nano silica microspheres on the surface, wherein the grafted crop fibers are used as a matrix, and the hollow microspheres are formed on the branching structure of the fibers, so that the deformation of the fibers can be effectively inhibited, the expansion deformation phenomenon of the fiber plate under external factors is avoided, the dimensional stability is improved, and the sound absorption effect of the fiber plate is effectively improved due to the fact that the hollow microsphere structures are filled in the gaps of the branching structure.
Compounding crop stalk with phenolic resin and stuffing, and coolingThe phenolic resin and the compound crop straw fiber structure can be effectively promoted to be fully dispersed and further filled in gaps of the fiber structure by controlling cold pressing conditions in a press, the fiber structure is not easy to break, then the dimensional stability of the fiber board is greatly improved by matching with hot pressing, and the density of the material is ensured to be 600-700kg/m after solidification 3 The heat preservation effect is excellent while being within the range of (2).
The fiber board obtained by the invention can still ensure excellent mechanical properties on the basis of obviously reducing the addition amount of the phenolic resin, has excellent heat preservation and sound insulation effects, and can be widely used in a plurality of fields such as construction, chemical industry, metallurgy, aerospace and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the comparative thermal insulation properties of the fiberboard obtained in example 5 and comparative examples 1 to 2.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated below in connection with specific embodiments.
Example 1
The preparation method of the sound-absorbing heat-preserving fiber board comprises the following steps:
(1) Adding crop straws into a straw pulverizer to be pulverized into small sections with the length of 2-4cm, washing for 1 time by adopting water, adding into a cooking cylinder, adding water to submerge the crop straws, cooking for 1 hour at normal pressure, filtering, adjusting the water content to 10wt%, adding into a thermal mill to pulp, thermally milling for 1 hour at the pressure of 1MPa, heating to 40 ℃, sending into a drying kiln to dry until the water content is 2wt%, and pulverizing to obtain pretreated crop straws;
(2) Adding 20kg of TMPMP, 15kg of thiocyanuric acid and 1kg of triethylamine into 200kg of dichloromethane, stirring for 2 hours under nitrogen atmosphere, adding 2kg of 2, 2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone, uniformly mixing, adding 100kg of pretreated crop straw and 1kg of polyethylene wax, stirring at a speed of 50r/min for 1 hour, initiating a click reaction in a 400W ultraviolet device, continuously stirring for 1 hour, filtering, drying at a temperature of 40 ℃, adding into 200kg of water, adding 10kg of hollow nano silicon dioxide into the mixture in a stirring state, stirring at a temperature of 80 ℃ for 1 hour, filtering, and drying to obtain compound crop straw;
1kg of hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide is dissolved in 20kg of ethanol water solution with the concentration of 40wt%, 1kg of polystyrene microsphere with the particle size of 100-500nm is added into the solution, 5kg of ammonia water is added into the solution to be stirred for 1h, 5kg of tetraethoxysilane is dropwise added into the solution under stirring, the stirring is continued for 5h, the solution is centrifuged, deionized water and ethanol are used for washing for 1 time alternately, the solution is dried to constant weight in an oven with the temperature of 70 ℃, and then the solution is calcined in a muffle furnace with the temperature of 500 ℃ for 2h, so that hollow nano silicon dioxide is obtained;
(3) Uniformly mixing the compound crop straw, 20kg of phenolic resin, 60kg of glass powder, 1kg of paraffin wax and 5kg of additive, paving and molding, sending into a cold press for cold pressing treatment, wherein the cold pressing temperature is 10 ℃, the cold pressing time is 1h, the cold pressing pressure is 10MPa, sending into a hot press for hot pressing, and obtaining a core plate, wherein the hot pressing temperature is 120 ℃, the hot pressing pressure is 2MPa, and the hot pressing time is 5 min;
the additives comprise polyaluminum chloride solution and aluminum sulfate solution according to the weight ratio of 1:1.8, wherein the concentration of the polyaluminum chloride solution is 14wt% and the concentration of the aluminum sulfate solution is 12wt%.
(4) And (3) pasting impregnated paper impregnated with melamine resin adhesive on two sides of the core plate, and continuing hot pressing at 150 ℃ under 5MPa to obtain the sound-absorbing heat-insulating fiberboard with the thickness of 12 mm.
Example 2
The preparation method of the sound-absorbing heat-preserving fiber board comprises the following steps:
(1) Adding crop straws into a straw pulverizer to be pulverized into small sections with the length of 2-4cm, washing for 3 times by adopting water, adding into a cooking cylinder, adding water to submerge the crop straws, cooking for 2 hours under normal pressure, filtering, adjusting the water content to 20wt%, adding into a thermal mill to pulp, thermally milling for 2 hours under the pressure of 1.2MPa, heating to 60 ℃, sending into a drying kiln to dry until the water content is 8wt%, and pulverizing to obtain pretreated crop straws;
(2) Adding 40kg of TMPMP, 35kg of thiocyanuric acid and 5kg of triethylamine into 300kg of dichloromethane, stirring for 6 hours under nitrogen atmosphere, adding 10kg of 2, 2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone, uniformly mixing, adding 150kg of pretreated crop straw and 3kg of polyethylene wax, stirring at a speed of 200r/min for 2 hours, initiating a click reaction in a 500W ultraviolet device, continuously stirring for 2 hours, filtering, drying at a temperature of 50 ℃, adding into 300kg of water, adding 30kg of hollow nano silicon dioxide into the mixture in a stirring state, stirring at a temperature of 90 ℃ for 2 hours, filtering, and drying to obtain compound crop straw;
3kg of hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide is dissolved in 50kg of ethanol water solution with the concentration of 60wt%, 2kg of polystyrene microspheres with the particle size of 100-500nm are added into the mixture, 10kg of ammonia water is added into the mixture to be stirred for 2 hours, 15kg of ethyl orthosilicate is dropwise added into the mixture under stirring, the mixture is continuously stirred for 15 hours, the mixture is centrifuged, is alternately washed for 3 times by deionized water and ethanol, is dried to constant weight in an oven with the temperature of 80 ℃, and is then calcined for 4 hours in a muffle furnace with the temperature of 700 ℃ to obtain hollow nano silica;
(3) Uniformly mixing the compound crop straw, 50kg of phenolic resin, 100kg of glass powder, 3kg of paraffin wax and 15kg of additive, paving and molding, sending into a cold press for cold pressing treatment, wherein the cold pressing temperature is 20 ℃, the cold pressing time is 5h, the cold pressing pressure is 15MPa, sending into a hot press for hot pressing, and obtaining a core plate, wherein the hot pressing temperature is 140 ℃, the hot pressing pressure is 4MPa, and the hot pressing time is 15 min;
the additives comprise polyaluminum chloride solution and aluminum sulfate solution according to the weight ratio of 1:1.8, wherein the concentration of the polyaluminum chloride solution is 14wt% and the concentration of the aluminum sulfate solution is 14wt%.
(4) And (3) pasting impregnated paper impregnated with melamine resin adhesive on two sides of the core plate, and continuing hot pressing at 160 ℃ under 10MPa to obtain the sound-absorbing heat-insulating fiberboard with the thickness of 13 mm.
Example 3
The preparation method of the sound-absorbing heat-preserving fiber board comprises the following steps:
(1) Adding crop straws into a straw pulverizer to be pulverized into small sections with the length of 2-4cm, washing for 2 times by adopting water, adding into a cooking cylinder, adding water to submerge the crop straws, cooking for 1.2 hours at normal pressure, filtering, adjusting the water content to be 12wt%, adding into a thermal mill to pulp, thermally milling for 1.2 hours at the pressure of 1MPa, heating to 42 ℃, sending into a drying kiln to be dried to the water content of 3wt%, and pulverizing to obtain pretreated crop straws;
(2) Adding 25kg of TMPMP, 20kg of thiocyanuric acid and 2kg of triethylamine into 220kg of dichloromethane, stirring for 3 hours under nitrogen atmosphere, adding 4kg of 2, 2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone, uniformly mixing, adding 120kg of pretreated crop straw and 1.5kg of polyethylene wax, stirring at a speed of 100r/min for 1.2 hours, initiating a click reaction in a 420W ultraviolet device, continuously stirring for 1.2 hours, filtering, drying at a temperature of 42 ℃, adding into 250kg of water, adding 15kg of hollow nano silicon dioxide into the mixture under stirring, stirring at a temperature of 82 ℃ for 1.2 hours, filtering, and drying to obtain compound crop straw;
1.3kg of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide is dissolved in 28kg of 45wt% ethanol water solution, 1.2kg of polystyrene microspheres with the particle size of 100-500nm are added into the solution, 6kg of ammonia water is added into the solution to be stirred for 1.2 hours, 7kg of ethyl orthosilicate is dropwise added into the solution under stirring, the stirring is continued for 7 hours, the solution is centrifuged, deionized water and ethanol are used for washing for 2 times alternately, the solution is dried to constant weight in a drying oven with the temperature of 72 ℃, and then the solution is calcined in a muffle furnace with the temperature of 550 ℃ for 2.5 hours, so that hollow nano silicon dioxide is obtained;
(3) Uniformly mixing the compound crop straw, 30kg of phenolic resin, 70kg of silica powder, 1.5kg of paraffin wax and 6kg of additive, paving and molding, sending into a cold press for cold pressing treatment, wherein the cold pressing temperature is 12 ℃, the cold pressing time is 2h, the cold pressing pressure is 12MPa, and sending into a hot press for hot pressing, wherein the hot pressing temperature is 125 ℃, the hot pressing pressure is 2.5MPa, and the hot pressing time is 6min, so as to obtain a core plate;
the additives comprise polyaluminum chloride solution and aluminum sulfate solution according to the weight ratio of 1:1.2, wherein the concentration of the polyaluminum chloride solution is 11wt% and the concentration of the aluminum sulfate solution is 7wt%.
(4) And (3) pasting impregnated paper impregnated with melamine resin adhesive on two sides of the core plate, and continuing hot pressing at 156 ℃ under 6MPa to obtain the sound-absorbing heat-insulating fiberboard with the thickness of 11 mm.
Example 4
The preparation method of the sound-absorbing heat-preserving fiber board comprises the following steps:
(1) Adding crop straws into a straw pulverizer to be pulverized into small sections with the length of 2-4cm, washing for 3 times by adopting water, adding into a cooking cylinder, adding water to submerge the crop straws, cooking for 1.5 hours at normal pressure, filtering, adjusting the water content to 15wt%, adding into a thermal mill to pulp, thermally milling for 1.5 hours at the pressure of 1.2MPa, heating to 50 ℃, sending into a drying kiln to dry until the water content is 6wt%, and pulverizing to obtain pretreated crop straws;
(2) Adding 30kg of TMPMP, 30kg of thiocyanuric acid and 2kg of triethylamine into 250kg of dichloromethane, stirring for 4 hours under nitrogen atmosphere, adding 5kg of 2, 2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone, uniformly mixing, adding 120kg of pretreated crop straw and 2.5kg of polyethylene wax, stirring at the speed of 120r/min for 1.5 hours, initiating a click reaction in an ultraviolet device of 450W, continuing stirring for 1.5 hours, filtering, drying at the temperature of 45 ℃, adding into 250 water, adding 20kg of hollow nano silicon dioxide into the mixture under stirring, stirring at the temperature of 85 ℃ for 1.5 hours, filtering, and drying to obtain compound crop straw;
2.5kg of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide is dissolved in 40kg of ethanol water solution with the concentration of 50wt%, 1.5kg of polystyrene microsphere with the particle size of 100-500nm is added into the solution, 8kg of ammonia water is added into the solution to be stirred for 1.5h, 12kg of tetraethoxysilane is dropwise added into the solution under stirring, stirring is continued for 12h, centrifugation is carried out, deionized water and ethanol are used for washing for 3 times alternately, the solution is dried to constant weight in a baking oven with the temperature of 78 ℃, and then the solution is calcined in a muffle furnace with the temperature of 620 ℃ for 3h, so that hollow nano silicon dioxide is obtained;
(3) Uniformly mixing the compound crop straw, 40kg of phenolic resin, 80kg of silica powder, 2.5kg of paraffin wax and 12kg of additive, paving and molding, sending into a cold press for cold pressing treatment, wherein the cold pressing temperature is 18 ℃, the cold pressing time is 4 hours, the cold pressing pressure is 14MPa, sending into a hot press for hot pressing, wherein the hot pressing temperature is 130 ℃, the hot pressing pressure is 3MPa, and the hot pressing time is 12 minutes, so as to obtain a core plate;
the additives comprise polyaluminum chloride solution and aluminum sulfate solution according to the weight ratio of 1:2, wherein the concentration of the polyaluminum chloride solution is 15wt% and the concentration of the aluminum sulfate solution is 15wt%.
(4) And (3) pasting impregnated paper impregnated with melamine resin adhesive on two sides of the core plate, and continuing hot pressing at 155 ℃ under 8MPa to obtain the sound-absorbing heat-insulating fiberboard with the thickness of 13 mm.
Example 5
The preparation method of the sound-absorbing heat-preserving fiber board comprises the following steps:
(1) Adding crop straws into a straw pulverizer to be pulverized into small sections with the length of 2-4cm, washing for 3 times by adopting water, adding into a cooking cylinder, adding water to submerge the crop straws, cooking for 1.5 hours at normal pressure, filtering, adjusting the water content to 15wt%, adding into a thermal mill to pulp, thermally milling for 1.5 hours at the pressure of 1.2MPa, heating to 50 ℃, sending into a drying kiln to dry until the water content is 5wt%, and pulverizing to obtain pretreated crop straws;
(2) Adding 30kg of TMPMP, 20kg of thiocyanuric acid and 4kg of triethylamine into 250kg of dichloromethane, stirring for 5 hours under nitrogen atmosphere, adding 8kg of 2, 2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone, uniformly mixing, adding 120kg of pretreated crop straw and 1.5kg of polyethylene wax, stirring at the speed of 120r/min for 1.5 hours, initiating a click reaction in a 420W ultraviolet device, continuing stirring for 1.5 hours, filtering, drying at the temperature of 45 ℃, adding into 250kg of water, adding 20kg of hollow nano silicon dioxide into the mixture under stirring, stirring at the temperature of 85 ℃ for 1.5 hours, filtering, and drying to obtain compound crop straw;
1.5kg of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide is dissolved in 30kg of ethanol water solution with the concentration of 50wt%, 1.2kg of polystyrene microspheres with the particle size of 100-500nm are added into the solution, 8kg of ammonia water is added into the solution to be stirred for 1.5h, 14kg of ethyl orthosilicate is dropwise added into the solution under stirring, the stirring is continued for 12h, the solution is centrifuged, deionized water and ethanol are used for washing for 2 times alternately, the solution is dried to constant weight in an oven with the temperature of 75 ℃, and then the solution is calcined in a muffle furnace with the temperature of 600 ℃ for 2h, so that hollow nano silicon dioxide is obtained;
(3) Uniformly mixing the compound crop straw, 40kg of phenolic resin, 80kg of silica micropowder, 2kg of paraffin wax and 12kg of additive, paving and molding, sending into a cold press for cold pressing treatment, wherein the cold pressing temperature is 15 ℃, the cold pressing time is 2h, the cold pressing pressure is 12MPa, and sending into a hot press for hot pressing, wherein the hot pressing temperature is 130 ℃, the hot pressing pressure is 3MPa, and the hot pressing time is 12min, so as to obtain a core plate;
the additives comprise polyaluminum chloride solution and aluminum sulfate solution according to the weight ratio of 1:1, wherein the concentration of the polyaluminum chloride solution is 10wt% and the concentration of the aluminum sulfate solution is 5wt%.
(4) And (3) pasting impregnated paper impregnated with melamine resin adhesive on two sides of the core plate, and continuing hot pressing at 155 ℃ under 8MPa to obtain the sound-absorbing heat-insulating fiberboard with the thickness of 12 mm.
Comparative example 1
The preparation method of the sound-absorbing heat-preserving fiber board comprises the following steps:
(1) Adding crop straws into a straw pulverizer to be pulverized into small sections with the length of 2-4cm, washing for 3 times by adopting water, adding into a cooking cylinder, adding water to submerge the crop straws, cooking for 1.5 hours at normal pressure, filtering, adjusting the water content to 15wt%, adding into a thermal mill to pulp, thermally milling for 1.5 hours at the pressure of 1.2MPa, heating to 50 ℃, sending into a drying kiln to dry until the water content is 5wt%, and pulverizing to obtain pretreated crop straws;
(2) Adding 30kg of TMPMP, 20kg of thiocyanuric acid and 4kg of triethylamine into 250kg of dichloromethane, stirring for 5 hours under nitrogen atmosphere, adding 8kg of 2, 2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone, uniformly mixing, adding 120kg of pretreated crop straw and 1.5kg of polyethylene wax, stirring at the speed of 120r/min for 1.5 hours, initiating a click reaction in a 420W ultraviolet device, continuing stirring for 1.5 hours, filtering, and drying at the temperature of 45 ℃ to obtain compound crop straw;
(3) Uniformly mixing the compound crop straw, 40kg of phenolic resin, 80kg of silica micropowder, 2kg of paraffin wax and 12kg of additive, paving and molding, sending into a cold press for cold pressing treatment, wherein the cold pressing temperature is 15 ℃, the cold pressing time is 2h, the cold pressing pressure is 12MPa, and sending into a hot press for hot pressing, wherein the hot pressing temperature is 130 ℃, the hot pressing pressure is 3MPa, and the hot pressing time is 12min, so as to obtain a core plate;
the additives comprise polyaluminum chloride solution and aluminum sulfate solution according to the weight ratio of 1:1, wherein the concentration of the polyaluminum chloride solution is 10wt% and the concentration of the aluminum sulfate solution is 5wt%.
(4) And (3) pasting impregnated paper impregnated with melamine resin adhesive on two sides of the core plate, and continuing hot pressing at 155 ℃ under 8MPa to obtain the sound-absorbing heat-insulating fiberboard with the thickness of 12 mm.
Comparative example 2
The preparation method of the sound-absorbing heat-preserving fiber board comprises the following steps:
(1) Adding crop straws into a straw pulverizer to be pulverized into small sections with the length of 2-4cm, washing 3 times by adopting water, adding into a cooking cylinder, adding water to submerge the crop straws, cooking for 1.5 hours under normal pressure, filtering, adjusting the water content to 15wt%, adding into a thermal mill to pulp, thermally milling for 1.5 hours under the pressure of 1.2MPa, thermally milling at 50 ℃, sending into a drying kiln to dry until the water content is 5wt%, pulverizing to obtain pretreated crop straws, adding into 250kg of water into 120kg of pretreated crop straws, adding 20kg of hollow nano silicon dioxide into the pretreated crop straws under the stirring state, stirring for 1.5 hours at the temperature of 85 ℃, filtering, and drying to obtain compound crop straws;
1.5kg of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide is dissolved in 30kg of ethanol water solution with the concentration of 50wt%, 1.2kg of polystyrene microspheres with the particle size of 100-500nm are added into the solution, 8kg of ammonia water is added into the solution to be stirred for 1.5h, 14kg of ethyl orthosilicate is dropwise added into the solution under stirring, the stirring is continued for 12h, the solution is centrifuged, deionized water and ethanol are used for washing for 2 times alternately, the solution is dried to constant weight in an oven with the temperature of 75 ℃, and then the solution is calcined in a muffle furnace with the temperature of 600 ℃ for 2h, so that hollow nano silicon dioxide is obtained;
(2) Uniformly mixing the compound crop straw, 40kg of phenolic resin, 80kg of silica micropowder, 2kg of paraffin wax and 12kg of additive, paving and molding, sending into a cold press for cold pressing treatment, wherein the cold pressing temperature is 15 ℃, the cold pressing time is 2h, the cold pressing pressure is 12MPa, and sending into a hot press for hot pressing, wherein the hot pressing temperature is 130 ℃, the hot pressing pressure is 3MPa, and the hot pressing time is 12min, so as to obtain a core plate;
the additives comprise polyaluminum chloride solution and aluminum sulfate solution according to the weight ratio of 1:1, wherein the concentration of the polyaluminum chloride solution is 10wt% and the concentration of the aluminum sulfate solution is 5wt%.
(3) And (3) pasting impregnated paper impregnated with melamine resin adhesive on two sides of the core plate, and continuing hot pressing at 155 ℃ under 8MPa to obtain the sound-absorbing heat-insulating fiberboard with the thickness of 12 mm.
Performance testing
1. Mechanical properties
The mechanical properties of the fiberboards obtained in example 5 and comparative examples 1-2 were tested with the following criteria: GB/T11718-2009, the test results are shown in the following table:
| test item | Example 5 | Comparative example 1 | Comparative example 2 |
| Thickness of mm | 12 | 12 | 12 |
| Static bending strength, MPa | 89.6 | 72.4 | 35.8 |
| Modulus of elasticity, MPa | 3145 | 2650 | 2045 |
| Expansion ratio of water absorption thickness% | 2.5 | 2.6 | 3.6 |
| Density of kg/m 3 | 658 | 651 | 675 |
| Formaldehyde emission, mg/100g | 0.50 | 0.54 | 0.53 |
2. Sound-insulating Property
The fiberboard obtained in example 5 and comparative examples 1 to 2 was subjected to a sound insulation performance test with the following test criteria: GBJ47-1983, test results are shown in the following table:
from the above table, it is apparent that example 5 has not only excellent mechanical strength but also excellent soundproof effect, because hyperbranched branch chain structures are generated on the surfaces of plant fibers by click reaction, not only the surface roughness of the fibers is increased, but also the entanglement of molecular chains is facilitated, which is manifested by higher load transmission capability and higher strength, and then hollow nano silica microspheres are further grafted on the surface, and grafted crop fibers are used as a matrix, and hollow microsphere structures are further filled in the gaps of the branched structures, so that the sound absorbing effect of the fiberboard can be effectively improved.
3. Thermal insulation performance
At room temperature, 6 blocks of 1m are used respectively 2 Example 5 the fiberboard obtained in comparative examples 1-2 was made 1m 3 The inside of the hollow full-closed cube is provided with a temperature sensor, the display temperature is 28 ℃, the full-closed cube is placed into a refrigeration house, the temperature of the refrigeration house is adjusted to minus 30 ℃, and the temperature change in the inside of the cube is detected. The test results are shown in FIG. 1.
As can be seen from FIG. 1, example 5 has excellent heat preservation effect compared with comparative examples 1-2, because the invention firstly performs cold pressing in a cold press, and by controlling the cold pressing condition, the dispersion of phenolic resin and the fiber structure of the compound crop straw can be effectively promoted, and the fiber structure is further filled in the gaps of the fiber structure, and after heat curing, the density of the material is not only ensured to be 600-700kg/m 3 In the range of (2), and the heat preservation effect is excellent.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art, who is within the scope of the present invention, should make equivalent substitutions or modifications according to the technical scheme of the present invention and the inventive concept thereof, and should be covered by the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the sound-absorbing heat-insulating fiberboard is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Crushing crop straws into small sections with the length of 2-4cm, washing, soaking the crop straws in water, steaming and boiling under normal pressure, filtering, adjusting the water content to 10-20wt%, pulping, drying to the water content of 2-8wt%, and crushing to obtain pretreated crop straws;
(2) Adding 20-40 parts of TMPMP, 15-35 parts of thiocyanuric acid and 1-5 parts of triethylamine into 200-300 parts of dichloromethane according to parts by weight, stirring for 2-6 hours under nitrogen atmosphere, adding 2-10 parts of 2, 2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone, uniformly mixing, adding 100-150 parts of pretreated crop straw and 1-3 parts of dispersing agent, stirring, initiating click reaction in a 400-500W ultraviolet device, continuing stirring for 1-2 hours, filtering, drying at 40-50 ℃, adding 200-300 parts of water, adding 10-30 parts of hollow nano silicon dioxide into the mixture under stirring, stirring for 1-2 hours at 80-90 ℃, filtering, and drying to obtain compound crop straw;
(3) Uniformly mixing the compound crop straw, 20-50 parts of phenolic resin, 60-100 parts of filler, 1-3 parts of waterproof agent and 5-15 parts of additive, paving and molding, performing cold pressing treatment at 10-20 ℃ for 1-5h, wherein the cold pressing pressure is 10-15MPa, and then performing hot pressing at 120-140 ℃ for 5-15min, wherein the hot pressing pressure is 2-4MPa, so as to obtain a core plate;
(4) And (3) pasting impregnated paper impregnated with melamine resin adhesive on two sides of the core plate, and continuing hot pressing at 150-160 ℃ under 5-10MPa to obtain the sound-absorbing heat-insulating fiber board with the thickness of 10-14 mm.
2. The method for producing a sound-absorbing and heat-insulating fiberboard according to claim 1, wherein in (1), the 1-1.2MPa is heat-milled for 1-2 hours at a heat-milling temperature of 40-60 ℃.
3. The method for producing a sound-absorbing and heat-insulating fiber board according to claim 1, wherein in (2), the dispersant is at least one of magnesium stearate, zinc stearate, and polyethylene wax.
4. The method for producing a sound-absorbing and heat-insulating fiberboard according to claim 1, wherein in (2), the hollow nanosilicon dioxide is produced by the steps of: dissolving cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide in ethanol water solution, adding polystyrene microsphere with particle size of 100-500nm, adding ammonia water, stirring, dropwise adding tetraethoxysilane, stirring, centrifuging, alternately washing with deionized water and ethanol, drying, and calcining in muffle furnace at 500-700 deg.C to obtain hollow nanometer silica.
5. The method for producing a sound-absorbing and heat-insulating fiberboard according to claim 4, wherein in (2), the concentration of the aqueous ethanol solution is 40 to 60% by weight, and wherein the mass ratio of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, the aqueous ethanol solution, the polystyrene microspheres, the aqueous ammonia, the tetraethyl orthosilicate is 1 to 3:20-50:1-2:5-10:5-15.
6. The method for producing a sound-absorbing and heat-insulating fiber board according to claim 1, wherein in (3), the filler is at least one of glass powder, fine silica powder, and needle-like wollastonite.
7. The method for producing a sound-absorbing and heat-insulating fiber board according to claim 1, wherein in (3), the water repellent agent is paraffin wax.
8. The method for producing a sound-absorbing and heat-insulating fiber board according to claim 1, wherein in (3), the additive is a polyaluminum chloride solution and/or an aluminum sulfate solution.
9. The method for producing a sound-absorbing and heat-insulating fiber board according to claim 8, wherein in (3), the additive comprises a polyaluminum chloride solution and an aluminum sulfate solution in a ratio of 1:1-2, wherein the concentration of the polyaluminum chloride solution is 10-15wt% and the concentration of the aluminum sulfate solution is 5-15wt%.
10. A sound-absorbing and heat-insulating fiberboard characterized in that the sound-absorbing and heat-insulating fiberboard is prepared by the preparation method of the sound-absorbing and heat-insulating fiberboard according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
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| JP4221545B2 (en) * | 2001-01-05 | 2009-02-12 | 信越化学工業株式会社 | Silicone rubber adhesive composition, integral molded body of silicone rubber and thermoplastic resin, and method for producing the same |
| US20100003431A1 (en) * | 2008-07-02 | 2010-01-07 | John Raybuck | Composite materials |
| CN105128118A (en) * | 2015-07-15 | 2015-12-09 | 百仪家具有限公司 | Sound absorption and heat preservation high-density fiberboard capable of being used as house partition plate and preparation method of sound absorption and heat preservation high-density fiberboard |
| CN106113808A (en) * | 2016-07-12 | 2016-11-16 | 东北林业大学 | A kind of sound insulation type wood plastic composite and preparation method |
| CN107382136A (en) * | 2017-06-07 | 2017-11-24 | 常州中翔科技有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of heat-insulating light partition plate |
| CN107117858A (en) * | 2017-07-05 | 2017-09-01 | 合肥市片叶装饰工程有限公司 | A kind of resistance to compression fireproof thermal insulation plate and its production technology |
| CN108911642A (en) * | 2018-09-03 | 2018-11-30 | 杭州中齐新材料科技有限公司 | Moisture-proof fire-resistive construction material of a kind of high intensity sound-absorbing and preparation method thereof |
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