CN115803613A - Environmental control system with controlled condensation effect suitable for operation at high temperatures for transient conditions - Google Patents
Environmental control system with controlled condensation effect suitable for operation at high temperatures for transient conditions Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
An environmental control system with controlled condensation effect suitable for operation at high temperatures for transient conditions, in particular to a method of assessing humidity and temperature levels in one or more temperature controlled environmental sections Z for cooking, baking or other environmental conditioning programs (e.g. built-in ovens as household appliances, etc.). The measurement cycle begins with cooling the thermocouple by applying a forward current in part (a). After more than 0.2 seconds, the cooling current is turned off and the measurement phase begins. By using thermocouple sensitivity data, the drop temperature was calculated, and the absolute humidity and relative humidity were calculated using the known temperatures. After more than 0.5 seconds, the measurement phase of section (B) is followed by a heating phase section (C), and current is applied to the thermocouple in the negative/reverse direction. During cooling and heating, the cooling and heating currents were interrupted at constant intervals of 1s, so that the thermocouple voltage could be measured. This thermocouple voltage is used during the heating phase to determine the state of the sensor system.
Description
Technical Field
The present application relates to an environmental control system with controlled condensation effect suitable for operating at high temperatures for transient conditions, in particular to a method of assessing humidity and temperature levels in one or more temperature controlled environmental parts Z for cooking, baking or other environmental conditioning programs (e.g. built-in ovens as household appliances, etc.). The method consists of established physical principles, but implements new methods and configurations for rapid response measurement of static or quasi-static temperature and humidity within the temperature controlled environmental section Z. The method implemented as an algorithm is supported by calculations implemented by interchangeable multiplexing of the Peltier (Peltier) effect for cooling and heating and the Seebeck (Seebeck) principle for measurement to achieve sensor dynamics, fast response and settings, while using the inflection point as the actual measurement of the humidity level at a specific temperature.
Technical problem
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is how to achieve a simple, low cost sensor system and method for efficient/accurate measurement of air humidity in a heating compartment for processing materials/food products, wherein the sensor consists of inexpensive commercially available components. In general, it is known that materials or cooked food products can be treated by different methods under different conditions using known physical principles. Similar solutions for air humidity measurement may be sufficiently accurate, but these similar solutions are relatively expensive and do not address the need to detect and eliminate condensed droplets on the sensor head. It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a method with the mentioned algorithm and sensor, which on the one hand may be simpler and cost-effective to implement and relatively more reliable and capable of detecting missing performance during transient high humidity or freezing conditions than other solutions. Further, under similar considerations, a method should be provided that includes humidity and temperature assessment algorithms and algorithms associated with process control/cooking control in a regulated environmental compartment.
Background
Humidity is an important factor in the food industry and in the process of numerous branches of the industry, such as household appliances, pharmaceutical and pharmaceutical treatments, testing-safety and accelerated testing. It is typically monitored during the process. In some cases humidity is of vital importance, however it is necessary to treat the material/food correctly, for example to make the food healthier and to treat the material as in the natural environment. This is why various methods of measuring humidity have been developed since long ago. There are measurement methods based on various physical principles, such as capacitance measurement (US 5844138), high frequency measurement (US 6257049), impedance measurement (US 5631418), λ principle (EP 2848868 A1) measurement. All of these methods have at least one of the following disadvantages: imprecision, complex production, high requirements for maintenance measurements of only relative humidity, slow response, complex and expensive equipment. The challenges that are not solved by known ideas are related to dynamic conditions of high humidity and problems of condensation of the sensor, which have not been properly solved, and they do not allow to detect and control sensor freezing.
The physical principles are known and published in different ways, for example [ d.c. spacer, 1951] when measuring with the Peltier effect, the drop point (depression point) is as high as 8.5 ℃, and its use is limited to high Relative Humidity (RH), [ j.l. mono. Teitch et al, 1958] using a thermocouple to measure relative humidity in the high range, [ ERIC c.campbell et al, 1973] using dew point hygrometer measurements.
US3739629-1973 discloses a prior art which describes an apparatus and method for measuring the water or solvent potential of a selected sample. It utilizes the psychrometer principle and uses a thermocouple to sense and control the temperature of the sensing element. Since a single thermocouple is used, long-term drift and environmental effects and possible condensation are not taken into account, and therefore measurements in environments where rapid changes in parameters are expected are not reliable. US3797312-1974 (which proposes a thermocouple hygrometer and a method of determining osmotic pressure and water potential. By keeping the energy of a wet thermocouple balanced with the loss of energy of the thermocouple to the surrounding environment, the temperature change measured by the thermocouple voltage is directly proportional to the actual osmotic pressure or water potential of the sample. The system needs to be calibrated in a dry environment.
Other solutions, but with major drawbacks, are reflected in patent EP0949504 A1 (the emphasis is on condensation detection, heating and cooling of the sensor head-the main difference is in correct detection of the situation (measured in successive time slots or periods), then the algorithm to perform the required action (heating or cooling) and generate the reference signal in patent EP2469174A2, temperature sensors are used to measure the dew point temperature and the temperature of the oven cooling is performed by Peltier elements it is necessary to ensure that one rather complex duct system and additional (besides the fan inside the cooking cavity) air moving fans are operating normally, a similar patent EP0567813 relates to measuring the humidity in the oven by thermocouples and enables cooling by the external environment, while our solution enables forced cooling by reverse current, thus enabling faster response times, patent EP0949504 A1 is also similar in terms of the principle of operation, but with different reference signal implementation.
Disclosure of Invention
An environmental control system with controlled condensation effect suitable for operation at high temperatures for transient conditions, having one or more thermocouples in part a, for assessing static or quasi-static relative or absolute humidity by using one or more known physical principles, but implementing a new configuration over a wide temperature range (from 40 ℃ to 230 ℃), and mounting at least three thermocouples as close together as possible and manufactured to have good thermal contact but without requiring physical contact, the new configuration comprising and supported by algorithms for continuously interchangeable multiplexing to achieve dynamic and fast response.
The technical problem described is solved by a sensor for measuring humidity in a heating compartment for processing different materials. The proposed invention provides methods, algorithms and apparatus (fig. 1) for relative or absolute humidity measurements over a wider range and high temperatures, such as for cooking ovens or other appliances at high temperatures and wide relative or absolute humidity ranges, industrial processes (chemical, pharmaceutical, electronic, food processing, etc.), environmental measurements, calibration measurements, etc. To achieve the desired drop point, different thermocouple materials were used, with portion a of P and N-type bismuth telluride used in the current embodiment. The obtained drop point enables the measurement of a relative humidity below 50% at an air temperature of 98 ℃. The basic structure of the invention also provides an electronic component B capable of heating and cooling the sensor head, a measurement system on a microprocessor C and an algorithmic principle D to solve the condensation and freezing phase challenges of competing solutions. The system is suitable for the measurement of air humidity at temperatures up to 230 ℃. The sensor is based on the updated principle of evaporative cooling detection on a thermocouple as it heats up. The derived wet bulb temperature, in combination with the paired dry thermocouples, can be used to measure absolute and relative humidity. When the cooling current is temporarily switched off or switched off, the temperature of the cold (wet) thermocouple is also measured alternately during the cooling cycle (peltier effect). The thermocouple can also eliminate the potential for excessive water condensation by reversing the current.
Drawings
The drawings are provided for purposes of illustration only and merely depict typical or example embodiments. These drawings are provided to facilitate the reader's understanding and should not be taken to limit the breadth, scope, or applicability of the various embodiments.
FIG. 1 shows the basic structure of the present invention, which is made up of one or more sections labeled A, B, C and D. Portion Z represents any temperature-tunable environment or the like described herein.
The sensors in part a are in a temperature environment and are linked to the electronics of part B and part C by algorithm principle D.
Fig. 2 shows the basic algorithm principle used in the sensor system for humidity measurement of the present invention. Part a shows the cooling algorithm of the sensor, part B includes measurement options and decision steps, including the final result of the humidity, and part C deals with the heating principle of the sensor.
Fig. 3 illustrates a typical example of sensor output. These output representations provide inputs to the algorithm to perform the appropriate steps to obtain the humidity measurement. The specific part of fig. 3 shows different possible phases, for example:
(a) The Relative Humidity (RH) was too low to observe a drop point. The Hi time constant during a period (or cycle) is measured. Hi time constant during the heating period. RH was not calculated. Below the measurement range.
(b) The drop points were used to calculate dT and RH. The Hi time constant during the period is measured. Hi time constant during the heating period. A break is detected in the measurement protocol. RH was calculated using the inflection point.
(c) Decreasing over almost the entire measurement time. Finally, TC T rises. The Lo time constant during the period is measured. Hi time constant during the heating period. RH was calculated using the intermediate TC U.
(d) And decreases during the entire measurement period. There was no break during heating. The Lo time constant during the period is measured. Hi time constant during the heating period. RH was calculated using the TC voltage at the end.
(e) The Hi time constant during the period is measured. Hi time constant during the heating period. RH was calculated using the TC voltage at the end.
(f) Too high a temperature gradient and/or too rapid a temperature fluctuation.
(g) For example: the oven door is opened. RH was not calculated.
(h) And (3) measurement: data were measured, fitted with an exponential (exp), fitted with a linear (lin) (for u) TC Calculated linear fit data) at the last part of the measurement (for u) TC Calculated linear fit data).
(i) Measurement: and determining the turning point. Data were measured, fitted with exp, area of inflection (for u) TC Calculated linear fit data), the value of the overvoltage (for u) is calculated TC Calculated linear fit data).
(j) Heating: measurement (for u TC Calculated linear fit data), fit with exp (for u) TC Calculated linear fit data).
Detailed Description
An environmental control system adapted to operate at high temperatures for transient conditions, having a controlled condensation effect, and using known hardware addresses the major challenges of sensor condensation under dynamic conditions. The four feedback loops presented in fig. 2 enable the assessment of static or quasi-static relative or absolute humidity. The sensor does not require an additional cooling element as one element, and multiple sensors are located in the same location, close together in the same environment, without the need for additional hoses or air chambers. By managing the input of the precision steam generator using part (C), the activation or deactivation of the steam generation algorithm (in the controlled environment) is implemented, which depends on the preset algorithm for process control. The measurement sequence starts with cooling the thermocouple of section a by applying a current in the forward direction. After more than 0.2 seconds, the cooling current is turned off and a short measurement check is performed. The cooling and measurement are repeated until the sensor is sufficiently cooled or a predetermined time elapses. All this means that the cooling period length is preferably 5 seconds. The measurement cycle then begins. In this scenario, the thermocouple voltage will form a "knee" point at which the decreasing voltage is measured. Using the thermocouple sensitivity data, the drop temperature is calculated, and the absolute humidity and relative humidity are calculated using the known temperature. After more than 0.5 seconds, the measurement phase of part B is followed by a heating phase part C, and current is applied to the thermocouple in the-direction. The heating phase preferably lasts 5 seconds. By additional heating of the thermocouple, continuous condensation can be avoided. During cooling and heating, the cooling and heating currents were interrupted at constant intervals of 0.2 seconds, so that the thermocouple voltage could be measured. This thermocouple voltage is used in the heating phase to determine the state of the sensor system as presented in fig. 3 ((a) to (e)) and described in the "description of the figures" section.
Two thermocouples are used to compensate for sensor environment dependencies, one being "passive" which is not cooled and heated during the measurement cycle, and one being "active" which is cooled and heated during the measurement cycle. Passive or passive thermocouples remain dry during the measurement cycle and can therefore be used as a reference. In case the temperature gradient is too high and/or the temperature fluctuation is too fast, the absolute humidity and relative humidity measurements are not performed and the sensor output will give a status signal. Examples are presented in fig. 3 ((f) to (j)) and described in the "brief description of the drawings" section.
The measurement system comprises a continuously interchangeable multiplexing algorithm with the support of which a dynamic fast response of the sensor is achieved. An arrangement of at least three thermocouples mounted as close together as possible is made to have good thermal contact, but no physical contact is required. The third sensor is used to measure a reference ambient temperature. Moiety (A)) The mass of the sensor element of (a) is between 20mg and 50mg, preferably 30mg, enabling a fast response to the steps of the cooling, measuring and heating phases. The method according to claim provides the user with at least one pleasant experience of cooking or treating the result in an automated manner. The forced application of current in the sensor enables the programming of the condensation cycle within one measurement cycle, applying the program of the measurement portion within a time interval. The thermocouple principle and the forced current in the sensor are one or more parameters (k) that determine the correct measurement process Tst 、τ C 、τ M 、τ H 、k MIN-MAX，IP 、k MEPS 、k BF 、U 0TC1 、U 0TC2 、U 0TC3 ) As a function of (c). The method according to the claims solves the condensation problem and manages or prevents erroneous measurements. Multimode operation is possible: slow-condensation cycles and fast- "always at condensation point/state", with fast RH tracking. From the relative humidity measurement data of the built-in oven, an accurate steam generation process is performed depending on the type of, for example, food in the oven. Accurate measurements of relative humidity are key information to obtain the correct hardness, color and firmness attributes of a food product.
Procedure flow
A microcontroller (μ C), a Real Time Clock (RTC), a data input-output line, and the like are initialized. Three ADCs (which may be one multiplexed if their sampling frequency >75Hz and have a 'single cycle settling time' including a multiplexer) are used. If thermocouple "gain calibration" is not performed (as in the current embodiment), only 2 ADCs are required. The ADC range should be at least 20mV with more than or equal to 10 bits of effective resolution within 20 mV. Each ADC sampling is performed at a constant sampling frequency of 25 Hz. For temperature measurements, only every fifth measurement is stored (only when heating and/or cooling is not activated). The acquired ADC data is collected into a buffer memory of sufficient length to store the entire measurement cycle (15 seconds, i.e. 825 data words).
Thermocouple 1. Adc1. Heating and cooling)
Thermocouple 2-for compensation purposes
Thermocouple 3-T-type thermocouple for T-measurements
The microcontroller should provide two digital outputs, activating the heating and cooling of the thermocouple by applying a dc current to the thermocouple 1. A current source is not required and a simple resistor connected to the regulated power supply is sufficient. In the first 5 seconds of measurement, cooling was turned on and interrupted every 200 milliseconds. The heating was turned on for the last 5 seconds of the measurement sequence and was interrupted for 200 milliseconds during the short measurement period. In this way, the thermocouple status can be checked during the cooling (not currently in use) and heating cycles (currently in use). After the measurement sequence (15 seconds), the data collected were analyzed as follows:
U tc ＝U tc1 -U tc2
measurement period or measurement cycle (analyzing the inflection detection point from 5s to 10s and determining its voltage) -curve (a) in fig. 3. If no turning detection point can be detected, the time constant of the fitted curve is compared with a reference value, and if thermocouple condensation occurs, estimation is made taking into account the shape of the curve — curves (c) and (d) in fig. 3. From the different signals shown in the table, the sensor state is determined and the thermocouple voltage is calculated from the obtained measurement results. Fig. 3 (b), (c), (d) and (e) show different states. The presence of turning points is determined by fitting the measurement data with an exponential function and examining the residuals of the fit to reference values. If the residual is high, there is an inflection point. The detailed information is presented as figure 3.
The wet bulb temperature was calculated using first order temperature compensation of thermocouple sensitivity coefficients, as follows (experimentally determined, depending on the thermocouple material and material production used):
k TC /(mV/K) = -0,0035:. T/(. Degree.C.) -0,20; temperature unit is-k TC Unit is mV/K
The relative (and absolute) air humidity is calculated by using the wet bulb temperature and the ambient temperature. Sensor and/or wire break detection is performed by feeding 0.25 mua and 4 mua currents to the thermocouples and observing the voltage values for proper software decisions about abnormal states of the sensor system. The environmental control system and the measurement system include configurations of electronic components and materials, and additionally provide a low cost sensor solution since there is no separate condensation detection device or sensor cooling device.
Object of the Invention
An environmental control system with controlled condensation effect suitable for operation at high temperatures for transient conditions can be used for different applications when one or more sensors are used to measure and control one or more heating compartments with adjustable and controllable humidity settings. Fast response to transient conditions and adaptation to transient changes, such as opening of compartments, cumulative effects of loading, changes in absolute and relative humidity and temperature, and the like or a combination of all the mentioned. The dynamics of one or more sensors are caused to be related to the algorithm. There is no need to preset the initial temperature of the environment to start the algorithm, nor is there any need for sensor warm-up. The automatic inflection point is detected by an algorithmic process comprising one or more cooling phases, one or more measurement phases and one or more heating phases or a combination thereof. A low cost sensor with measurement system algorithms for measuring humidity in a heating compartment for processing different materials (e.g., a household appliance oven for processing food, a climate environment for processing test samples, etc.) has been developed, where one or more algorithms are associated with a hardware system using one or more process controls. By using two or more sensors made of highly sensitive materials in combination with heating, cooling and measuring, the sensitivity of the sensor system is higher or at least comparable to the known embodiments. The problem of condensation on the sensor head is detected and solved, which is a significant difference and advantage over other solutions.
Claims (13)
1. An environmental control system with controlled condensation effect suitable for operation at high temperatures for transient conditions, wherein the sensor system of thermocouples in section (a) comprises:
the TC material used in the current embodiment of the section (A) has a sensitivity of from 0.2mV/K to 0.6mV/K, preferably 0.4mV/K, which is important for obtaining a sink point that achieves a relative humidity measurement range of from 60% to 100%;
the mass of the elements in said part (a) ranges from 20mg to 50mg, preferably 30mg, to achieve a fast response in the steps of cooling, measuring and heating phases;
algorithmic principles (D) to evaluate static or quasi-static relative or absolute humidity using four feedback loops;
the configuration of the algorithm principle (D) and of the part (a) to achieve a temperature ranging from 40 ℃ to 230 ℃, preferably 100 ℃;
at least three thermocouples mounted as close together as possible in part (a), made with good thermal contact but without physical contact between them, and located in (Z), and wherein the method comprises the following steps
Cooling the thermocouple in section (a) by applying a current of 0.1A to 2A, preferably 1A, in the forward direction;
after 0.16 seconds, the cooling current is switched off and measured instantaneously for 0.04 seconds using the thermocouples in section (a) according to the algorithm principle (D);
reversing the current through section (B), electronics (C) and algorithm principle (D) within preferably 5s to eliminate condensation or freezing of the thermocouple in the sensor system;
dynamically adjusting the heating time according to the current humidity conditions of the portion (Z) by implementing the algorithm principle (D) and taking into account the environmental conditions;
compensation of the dependence of the sensor on the environment by the individual thermocouples within section (a);
additional heating of the thermocouple to avoid continued condensation.
2. The environmental control system of claim 1 wherein the cooking oven or other high temperature and wide absolute and relative humidity range appliance/industrial process (chemical, pharmaceutical, electronic, food processing … …)/environmental measurement/calibration laboratory uses the dew point auto tracking measurement by electronic control in the set parameter usage part (B) obtained by experiments and calibration in the climate chamber to obtain the correct inflection point and error range of the measurement system within ± 5%.
3. The environmental control system of claim 1 wherein the measurement system (C) determines the sensor path voltage at more than one different stage by using mathematical fit analysis, tracking inflection points to determine the dew point and hence the relative humidity in a randomly disturbed humidity environment.
4. The environmental control system of claim 1 wherein the measurement system enables dew point management, wherein the cooling, heating and measurement processes are all feasible with dew point management on the same thermocouple sensor, wherein the thermocouple principle and the forced applied current on the same thermocouple sensor are one or more parameters (k) determining the correct measurement process, in order to optimize the humidity measurement in short periods of time Tst 、τ C 、τ M 、τ H 、k MIN-MAX，IP 、k MEPS 、k BF 、U 0TC1 、U 0TC2 、U 0TC3 ) As a function of (c).
5. The environmental control system of claim 4 wherein parameter k TC And k Tcf Calibration is obtained for each application.
6. The environmental control system of claim 1 wherein sensor and/or wire break detection is performed by feeding 0.25 μ Α and 4 μ Α currents into thermocouples and observing voltage values for proper software decisions regarding abnormal situation detection.
7. The environmental control system of claim 1 wherein the sensor does not require additional cooling elements as a component, and the plurality of sensors are co-located in close proximity in the same environment without additional hoses, air chambers.
8. The environmental control system of claim 1 wherein double condensation detection during sudden ambient cooling or humidification or during initial range testing-automatic range determination for reliable measurement and enhanced drop point detection is performed by observing drop points during heating cycles.
9. A measuring system with an algorithm to run a measuring process in an environmental or cooking compartment (Z), comprising:
a) An interchangeable multiplexing procedure for obtaining an actual value of the humidity level;
b) By managing the input of the precision steam generator using part (C), the steam generation algorithm is activated or deactivated depending on the preset algorithm of the process control.
10. The environmental control system of claim 1 and the measurement system of claim 9, comprising an arrangement of electronic components and materials, thereby also providing a low cost sensor solution due to the absence of separate condensation detection means or sensor cooling means.
11. The environmental control system of claim 1 using a separate thermocouple in part (a) to compensate for other TC measurements in non-fixed T (and RH) environments by subtracting the measured voltage.
12. The environmental control system of claim 5 wherein one or more sensors controlled by one or more algorithms (D) and operated by interchangeable multiplexing of Peltier effect and Seebeck principle within section (A) are supported by sections (B and C).
13. The environmental control system of claim 5 wherein the controlled condensation effect occurs due to changing environmental conditions in section (Z) as a result of rapid examples of temperature changes as observed in (f), (g).
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/SI2020/095001 WO2021162644A1 (en) | 2020-02-12 | 2020-02-12 | Environmental control system suitable to operate at high temperatures for transient conditions with controled condensation effect |
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| CN115803613A true CN115803613A (en) | 2023-03-14 |
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| CN202080096069.2A Pending CN115803613A (en) | 2020-02-12 | 2020-02-12 | Environmental control system with controlled condensation effect suitable for operation at high temperatures for transient conditions |
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| Country | Link |
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| EP (1) | EP4078162A1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN115803613A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2021162644A1 (en) |
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| CN115462550A (en) * | 2022-10-24 | 2022-12-13 | 西昌学院 | Tobacco leaf baking control method and device, electronic equipment and readable storage medium |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2128462A (en) | 1934-04-16 | 1938-08-30 | Albert F Wayne Jr | Thermocouple hygrometer |
| US3739629A (en) | 1971-02-09 | 1973-06-19 | Wescor Inc | Psychrometer and method |
| US3797312A (en) | 1973-02-14 | 1974-03-19 | Wescor Inc | Thermocouple hygrometer and method |
| IT1258073B (en) | 1992-04-29 | 1996-02-20 | Zanussi Elettromecc | HUMIDITY MEASURING DEVICE FOR OVENS, IN PARTICULAR FOOD COOKING OVENS |
| FI92439C (en) | 1993-09-29 | 1994-11-10 | Vaisala Oy | Electric impedance sensor for measuring physical quantities, especially temperature or humidity and method for producing the sensor in question |
| US5844138A (en) | 1997-03-07 | 1998-12-01 | Veris Industries, Inc. | Humidity sensor |
| EP0949504A1 (en) | 1998-04-07 | 1999-10-13 | Imra Europe S.A. | Methods of determining condensable substances present in a volume of gas, and apparatuses for implanting the methods |
| US6257049B1 (en) | 1999-08-31 | 2001-07-10 | Lucent Technologies, Inc. | Ambient humidity measurement using microwaves |
| DE10335295B4 (en) * | 2003-07-28 | 2008-02-21 | Igv Institut Für Getreideverarbeitung Gmbh | Method and device for controlling baking parameters |
| US8813562B2 (en) * | 2010-06-25 | 2014-08-26 | Guy Prud'Homme | Relative humidity sensor apparatus |
| DE102010061472A1 (en) | 2010-12-22 | 2012-06-28 | Miele & Cie. Kg | Cooking appliance |
| DE102013214848A1 (en) | 2013-07-30 | 2015-02-05 | BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH | Oven with humidity sensor and air management system |
-
2020
- 2020-02-12 WO PCT/SI2020/095001 patent/WO2021162644A1/en unknown
- 2020-02-12 CN CN202080096069.2A patent/CN115803613A/en active Pending
- 2020-02-12 EP EP20713410.7A patent/EP4078162A1/en active Pending
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| EP4078162A1 (en) | 2022-10-26 |
| WO2021162644A1 (en) | 2021-08-19 |
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