CN115799791B - A high-power microwave generation system based on multi-channel ferrite nonlinear transmission lines - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
技术领域Technical Field
本发明涉及多路铁氧体非线性传输线，尤其涉及一种基于多路铁氧体非线性传输线的高功率微波产生系统。The invention relates to a multi-channel ferrite nonlinear transmission line, and in particular to a high-power microwave generating system based on the multi-channel ferrite nonlinear transmission line.
背景技术Background technique
铁氧体非线性传输线技术研究兴起于20世纪50年代，早期通常用于实现高压电脉冲前沿的陡化。近十几年来，研究人员发现铁氧体非线性传输线也可以用于产生高功率微波，作为一种固态化的高功率微波产生方式，铁氧体非线性传输线获得了广泛关注。Research on ferrite nonlinear transmission line technology began in the 1950s, and was often used to steepen the front edge of high-voltage electric pulses in the early days. In the past decade or so, researchers have discovered that ferrite nonlinear transmission lines can also be used to generate high-power microwaves. As a solid-state high-power microwave generation method, ferrite nonlinear transmission lines have received widespread attention.
铁氧体非线性传输线通常采用同轴线结构，在同轴线内外导体之间填充铁氧体环，采用的铁氧体材料包括NiZn铁氧体、Li系铁氧体以及YIG等。为了提高传输线的绝缘特性，还会在内外导体之间加入SF6气体或变压器油等。在同轴线外部，采用螺线管或永磁体产生轴向偏置静磁场。Ferrite nonlinear transmission lines usually use a coaxial line structure, with ferrite rings filled between the inner and outer conductors of the coaxial line. Ferrite materials used include NiZn ferrite, Li-based ferrite, and YIG. In order to improve the insulation properties of the transmission line, SF6 gas or transformer oil is added between the inner and outer conductors. Outside the coaxial line, a solenoid or permanent magnet is used to generate an axial bias static magnetic field.
与传统的高功率微波产生方式相比，铁氧体非线性传输线具有不采用强流电子束，没有真空条件的限制，所需外部磁场低的特点，因此，铁氧体非线性传输线无需真空泵、超导磁体、水冷系统等附属系统，其系统更加紧凑，成本也更低。但铁氧体非线性传输线在高压脉冲激励下，通过铁氧体磁矩的衰减进动产生高功率微波，铁氧体非线性传输线的高功率微波输出幅度逐渐衰减，并通常仅能产生10个以下的射频振荡。铁氧体非线性传输线的高功率微波输出波形质量较差，一定程度上限制了铁氧体非线性传输线系统的应用。Compared with the traditional high-power microwave generation method, the ferrite nonlinear transmission line has the characteristics of not using a strong current electron beam, not being restricted by vacuum conditions, and requiring a low external magnetic field. Therefore, the ferrite nonlinear transmission line does not require auxiliary systems such as vacuum pumps, superconducting magnets, and water cooling systems. The system is more compact and has lower costs. However, under high-voltage pulse excitation, the ferrite nonlinear transmission line generates high-power microwaves through the attenuation precession of the ferrite magnetic moment. The high-power microwave output amplitude of the ferrite nonlinear transmission line gradually decays, and usually only less than 10 RF oscillations can be generated. The high-power microwave output waveform quality of the ferrite nonlinear transmission line is poor, which limits the application of the ferrite nonlinear transmission line system to a certain extent.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本发明的目的在于解决现有的铁氧体非线性传输线在高压脉冲激励下微波脉冲输出幅度逐渐衰减导致的输出波形质量差的技术问题，而提供一种基于多路铁氧体非线性传输线的高功率微波产生系统。The purpose of the present invention is to solve the technical problem of poor output waveform quality caused by gradual attenuation of microwave pulse output amplitude of existing ferrite nonlinear transmission lines under high-voltage pulse excitation, and to provide a high-power microwave generation system based on multi-channel ferrite nonlinear transmission lines.
为了实现上述目的，本发明的技术解决方案如下：In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
一种基于多路铁氧体非线性传输线的高功率微波产生系统，其特殊之处在于，包括脉冲功率源、多路功分器、N路铁氧体非线性传输线系统以及相应的N个辐射天线系统，N≥2；A high-power microwave generation system based on multi-channel ferrite nonlinear transmission lines, which is special in that it includes a pulse power source, a multi-channel power divider, an N-channel ferrite nonlinear transmission line system and a corresponding N radiation antenna system, N≥2;
所述铁氧体非线性传输线系统包括微波产生单元和延时控制单元；The ferrite nonlinear transmission line system includes a microwave generating unit and a delay control unit;
所述N个延时控制单元均独立控制；The N delay control units are all independently controlled;
所述脉冲功率源的输出端连接多路功分器的输入端，多路功分器的输出端分别连接N个微波产生单元的输入端，用于将脉冲功率源产生的高压脉冲经由多路功分器功分为N路高压脉冲，驱动N路微波产生单元产生高功率微波脉冲；微波产生单元的输出端连接延时控制单元的输入端，用于将产生的高功率微波脉冲通过延时控制单元产生一定量的延迟；N个延时控制单元的输出端连接N个相应的辐射天线系统的输入端，N个辐射天线系统的输出端用于将延迟后的高功率微波脉冲辐射至外部空间。The output end of the pulse power source is connected to the input end of the multi-way power divider, and the output end of the multi-way power divider is respectively connected to the input ends of N microwave generating units, so as to divide the high-voltage pulse generated by the pulse power source into N high-voltage pulses via the multi-way power divider, and drive the N microwave generating units to generate high-power microwave pulses; the output end of the microwave generating unit is connected to the input end of the delay control unit, so as to delay the generated high-power microwave pulse by a certain amount through the delay control unit; the output ends of the N delay control units are connected to the input ends of N corresponding radiation antenna systems, and the output ends of the N radiation antenna systems are used to radiate the delayed high-power microwave pulses to the external space.
进一步地，所述多路功分器为同轴线结构，包括依次连接的输入同轴线、阻抗匹配结构以及N路输出同轴线；Further, the multi-channel power splitter is a coaxial line structure, comprising an input coaxial line, an impedance matching structure and N output coaxial lines connected in sequence;
所述输入同轴线用于连接脉冲功率源的输出端，N路输出同轴线用于连接N路微波产生单元的输入端。The input coaxial line is used to connect the output end of the pulse power source, and the N output coaxial lines are used to connect the input ends of the N microwave generating units.
进一步地，所述微波产生单元包括第一内导体和同轴套设在第一内导体外部的第一外导体；Further, the microwave generating unit comprises a first inner conductor and a first outer conductor coaxially sleeved outside the first inner conductor;
所述第一内导体和第一外导体之间还套设有第一铁氧体磁环，用于通过第一铁氧体磁环在高压脉冲输入下的磁矩进动特性，产生射频振荡；第一内导体和第一外导体之间其他位置填充有第一绝缘介质，用于高电压绝缘；A first ferrite ring is also sleeved between the first inner conductor and the first outer conductor, and is used to generate radio frequency oscillation through the magnetic moment precession characteristics of the first ferrite ring under high-voltage pulse input; other positions between the first inner conductor and the first outer conductor are filled with a first insulating medium for high-voltage insulation;
所述第一外导体外侧套设有第一螺线管磁体，用于向微波产生单元提供轴向偏置磁场；A first solenoid magnet is sleeved on the outer side of the first outer conductor, for providing an axial bias magnetic field to the microwave generating unit;
所述第一内导体和第一外导体的一端连接多路功分器N路输出同轴线中对应的一路，另一端连接相应延时控制单元的输入端。One end of the first inner conductor and the first outer conductor is connected to a corresponding one of the N output coaxial lines of the multi-way power divider, and the other end is connected to the input end of the corresponding delay control unit.
进一步地，所述延时控制单元包括第二内导体和同轴套设在第二内导体外部的第二外导体；Further, the delay control unit includes a second inner conductor and a second outer conductor coaxially sleeved outside the second inner conductor;
所述第二内导体和第二外导体之间还套设有第二铁氧体磁环，用于通过其磁导率大小随轴向磁场不同而发生变化的特性，实现输出延时的调整；第二内导体和第二外导体之间的其他位置填充有第二绝缘介质，用于高电压绝缘；A second ferrite magnetic ring is also sleeved between the second inner conductor and the second outer conductor, which is used to adjust the output delay by virtue of the property that the magnetic permeability thereof changes with the axial magnetic field; other positions between the second inner conductor and the second outer conductor are filled with a second insulating medium for high voltage insulation;
所述第二外导体外侧套设有第二螺线管磁体，用于向延时控制单元提供轴向偏置磁场；A second solenoid magnet is sleeved on the outer side of the second outer conductor, for providing an axial bias magnetic field to the delay control unit;
所述第二内导体和第二外导体的一端分别连接相应第一内导体和第一外导体另一端，第二内导体和第二外导体另一端连接相应辐射天线系统的输入端。One end of the second inner conductor and the second outer conductor are respectively connected to the other end of the corresponding first inner conductor and the first outer conductor, and the other end of the second inner conductor and the second outer conductor are connected to the input end of the corresponding radiation antenna system.
进一步地，所述辐射天线系统包括高通滤波器和以及天线；Further, the radiating antenna system includes a high pass filter and an antenna;
所述高通滤波器的输入端连接相应第二内导体和第二外导体的另一端，用于滤除高功率微波脉冲中的视频成分，仅保留射频分量；高通滤波器的输出端连接天线的输入端，通过天线的输出端将处理后的高功率微波脉冲辐射至外部空间。The input end of the high-pass filter is connected to the other end of the corresponding second inner conductor and the second outer conductor, and is used to filter out the video component in the high-power microwave pulse and retain only the radio frequency component; the output end of the high-pass filter is connected to the input end of the antenna, and the processed high-power microwave pulse is radiated to the external space through the output end of the antenna.
进一步地，所述辐射天线系统还包括模式转换器；Further, the radiating antenna system also includes a mode converter;
所述模式转换器的输入端连接高通滤波器的输出端，模式转换器的输出端连接天线的输入端，用于将输入的TEM模式射频分量转换为TE11模式。The input end of the mode converter is connected to the output end of the high-pass filter, and the output end of the mode converter is connected to the input end of the antenna, so as to convert the input TEM mode radio frequency component into TE 11 mode.
进一步地，所述天线采用锥形喇叭天线。Furthermore, the antenna is a conical horn antenna.
进一步地，所述脉冲功率源采用Tesla变压器型重频脉冲功率源。Furthermore, the pulse power source adopts a Tesla transformer type repetitive frequency pulse power source.
本发明相比于现有技术的有益效果为：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
1、本发明提供的一种基于多路铁氧体非线性传输线的高功率微波产生系统，相比于现有的铁氧体非线性传输线系统，设置了N个延时控制单元，且N个延时控制单元的第二螺线管磁体均为独立控制，通过配置每路多铁氧体非线性传输线系统的不同时间延迟，可以使高功率微波脉冲空间功率合成时形成交错叠加的效果，从而改善单路铁氧体非线性传输线输出的高功率微波脉冲的衰减振荡特性，输出理想的方波包络微波。1. The present invention provides a high-power microwave generating system based on a multi-channel ferrite nonlinear transmission line. Compared with the existing ferrite nonlinear transmission line system, N delay control units are set, and the second solenoid magnets of the N delay control units are independently controlled. By configuring different time delays of each multi-channel ferrite nonlinear transmission line system, the high-power microwave pulse spatial power synthesis can form an interlaced superposition effect, thereby improving the attenuation oscillation characteristics of the high-power microwave pulse output by a single-channel ferrite nonlinear transmission line, and outputting an ideal square wave envelope microwave.
2、本发明提供的一种基于多路铁氧体非线性传输线的高功率微波产生系统，使铁氧体非线性传输线作为一种固态化的高功率微波产生方式能够在更广的范围下实现应用。2. The present invention provides a high-power microwave generation system based on multi-channel ferrite nonlinear transmission lines, which enables ferrite nonlinear transmission lines to be used as a solid-state high-power microwave generation method in a wider range of applications.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
图1为本发明一种基于多路铁氧体非线性传输线的高功率微波产生系统的结构示意图；FIG1 is a schematic structural diagram of a high-power microwave generation system based on multi-channel ferrite nonlinear transmission lines according to the present invention;
图2为本发明实施例中铁氧体非线性传输线系统的结构示意图；FIG2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a ferrite nonlinear transmission line system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图3为本发明实施例中辐射天线系统的结构示意图；FIG3 is a schematic structural diagram of a radiating antenna system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图4为现有单路铁氧体非线性传输线系统的输出波形；FIG4 is an output waveform of an existing single-channel ferrite nonlinear transmission line system;
图5为现有单路铁氧体非线性传输线系统经高通滤波器滤波后的输出波形；FIG5 is an output waveform of an existing single-channel ferrite nonlinear transmission line system after being filtered by a high-pass filter;
图6为本发明一种基于多路铁氧体非线性传输线的高功率微波产生系统的输出波形。FIG6 is an output waveform of a high-power microwave generation system based on multi-channel ferrite nonlinear transmission lines according to the present invention.
具体附图标记如下：The specific reference numerals are as follows:
1-脉冲功率源；2-多路功分器；1- Pulse power source; 2- Multi-way power divider;
3-铁氧体非线性传输线系统，31-微波产生单元，311-第一内导体，312-第一外导体，313-第一铁氧体磁环，314-第一绝缘介质，315-第一螺线管磁体，32-延时控制单元，321-第二内导体，322-第二外导体，323-第二铁氧体磁环，324-第二绝缘介质，325-第二螺线管磁体；3-ferrite nonlinear transmission line system, 31-microwave generating unit, 311-first inner conductor, 312-first outer conductor, 313-first ferrite magnetic ring, 314-first insulating medium, 315-first solenoid magnet, 32-delay control unit, 321-second inner conductor, 322-second outer conductor, 323-second ferrite magnetic ring, 324-second insulating medium, 325-second solenoid magnet;
4-辐射天线系统，41-高通滤波器，42-模式转换器，43-天线。4- radiating antenna system, 41- high pass filter, 42- mode converter, 43- antenna.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为使本发明的优点和特征更加清楚，以下结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明。In order to make the advantages and features of the present invention more clear, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
如图1所示，一种基于多路铁氧体非线性传输线的高功率微波产生系统，包括脉冲功率源1、多路功分器2、N路铁氧体非线性传输线系统3以及相应的N个辐射天线系统4，N≥2。本发明的脉冲功率源1用于产生为高压电脉冲，其电脉冲幅度为几十kV～数MV，电脉冲宽度为数ns～几十ns。本实施例中脉冲功率源1采用Tesla变压器型重频脉冲功率源，其通过脉冲变压器将输出电压提高后对脉冲形成线充电，脉冲形成线的储能通过主开关向多路功分器2输出能量，在本发明的其他实施例中也可以采用其他类型的脉冲功率源。多路功分器2用于将脉冲功率源1产生的高压电脉冲进行功率分配，产生幅度相同的N路高压电脉冲。本实施例中多路功分器2采用同轴线结构，由依次连接的输入同轴线、阻抗匹配结构以及N路输出同轴线构成。铁氧体非线性传输线系统3包括依次连接的微波产生单元31和延时控制单元32。其中，微波产生单元31用于通过高压电脉冲驱动产生高功率微波脉冲；延时控制单元32用于对高功率微波脉冲产生延时。优选的，如图2所示，本实施例中微波产生单元31包括第一内导体311和同轴套设在第一内导体311外部的第一外导体312，即第一内导体311和第一外导体312为同轴线结构。第一内导体311和第一外导体312之间还套设有第一铁氧体磁环313，用于通过第一铁氧体磁环313在高压脉冲输入下的磁矩进动特性，产生射频振荡。其中，第一铁氧体磁环313可以位于第一内导体311和第一外导体312之间的任意位置，当第一铁氧体磁环313和第一内导体311之间存在间隙时，需要设置支撑架对第一铁氧体磁环313进行支撑，本实施例中第一铁氧体磁环313和第一内导体311之间没有间隙，其套设在第一内导体311的外侧壁上。实际应用时，第一铁氧体磁环313的位置和尺寸可以根据需要产生的微波进行优化。第一内导体311和第一外导体312之间的其他位置填充有第一绝缘介质314，例如变压器油或SF6气体等绝缘介质，本实施例中采用变压器油，用于微波产生单元31的高电压绝缘。第一外导体312外侧套设有第一螺线管磁体315，用于向微波产生单元31提供轴向偏置磁场，本发明中每一路微波产生单元31的轴向磁场大小相同。第一螺线管磁体315产生的磁场大小根据微波产生单元31的输入高压脉冲幅度、磁环材料参数、微波产生单元31的结构尺寸等整体综合优化设计，设计完成后一般为固定值。延时控制单元32包括第二内导体321和同轴套设在第二内导体321外部的第二外导体322，即第二内导体321和第二外导体322为同轴线结构。第二内导体321和第二外导体322之间还套设有第二铁氧体磁环323，第二铁氧体磁环323和第一铁氧体磁环313二者均为铁氧体磁环，但通过设置不同的材料参数和结构可以实现不同的功能，本实施例中第二铁氧体磁环323用于通过其磁导率大小随轴向磁场不同而发生变化的特性，实现输出延时的调整。其中，第二铁氧体磁环323可以位于第二内导体321和第二外导体322之间的任意位置，本实施例中第二铁氧体磁环323和第二内导体321之间没有间隙，其套设在第二内导体321的外侧壁上。第二内导体321和第二外导体322之间的其他位置填充有第二绝缘介质324，例如变压器油或SF6气体等绝缘介质，本实施例中采用变压器油，用于延时控制单元32的高电压绝缘。第二外导体322外侧套设有第二螺线管磁体325，用于向延时控制单元32提供轴向偏置磁场。本发明中N个第二螺线管磁体325均为独立控制，因此可以通过控制输入的励磁电流大小实现每一路延时控制单元32的轴向磁场大小的调节，进而控制延时量，使各路铁氧体非线性传输线系统3实现不同的延时控制。如图3所示，辐射天线系统4包括高通滤波器41、模式转换器42以及天线43。高通滤波器41用于滤除高功率微波脉冲中的视频成分，仅保留射频分量；模式转换器42用于将输出的TEM模式射频分量转换为TE11模式；天线43用于将转换后的高功率微波脉冲辐射出去，为了更好的辐射效果，本实施例中天线43采用圆锥喇叭天线。As shown in FIG1 , a high-power microwave generation system based on a multi-channel ferrite nonlinear transmission line includes a pulse power source 1, a multi-channel power divider 2, an N-channel ferrite nonlinear transmission line system 3 and a corresponding N radiation antenna system 4, where N≥2. The pulse power source 1 of the present invention is used to generate high-voltage electric pulses, the electric pulse amplitude of which is tens of kV to several MV, and the electric pulse width is several ns to tens of ns. In this embodiment, the pulse power source 1 adopts a Tesla transformer type repetitive frequency pulse power source, which charges the pulse forming line after increasing the output voltage through a pulse transformer, and the energy storage of the pulse forming line outputs energy to the multi-channel power divider 2 through a main switch. In other embodiments of the present invention, other types of pulse power sources can also be used. The multi-channel power divider 2 is used to distribute the power of the high-voltage electric pulses generated by the pulse power source 1 to generate N high-voltage electric pulses with the same amplitude. In this embodiment, the multi-channel power divider 2 adopts a coaxial line structure, which is composed of an input coaxial line, an impedance matching structure and N output coaxial lines connected in sequence. The ferrite nonlinear transmission line system 3 includes a microwave generating unit 31 and a delay control unit 32 connected in sequence. Among them, the microwave generating unit 31 is used to generate high-power microwave pulses through high-voltage electric pulse driving; the delay control unit 32 is used to generate delay for the high-power microwave pulses. Preferably, as shown in FIG2 , the microwave generating unit 31 in this embodiment includes a first inner conductor 311 and a first outer conductor 312 coaxially sleeved outside the first inner conductor 311, that is, the first inner conductor 311 and the first outer conductor 312 are coaxial line structures. A first ferrite ring 313 is also sleeved between the first inner conductor 311 and the first outer conductor 312, which is used to generate radio frequency oscillations through the magnetic moment precession characteristics of the first ferrite ring 313 under high-voltage pulse input. The first ferrite ring 313 can be located at any position between the first inner conductor 311 and the first outer conductor 312. When there is a gap between the first ferrite ring 313 and the first inner conductor 311, a support frame needs to be provided to support the first ferrite ring 313. In this embodiment, there is no gap between the first ferrite ring 313 and the first inner conductor 311, and the first ferrite ring 313 is sleeved on the outer wall of the first inner conductor 311. In practical application, the position and size of the first ferrite ring 313 can be optimized according to the microwaves to be generated. Other positions between the first inner conductor 311 and the first outer conductor 312 are filled with a first insulating medium 314, such as an insulating medium such as transformer oil or SF6 gas. In this embodiment, transformer oil is used for high voltage insulation of the microwave generating unit 31. A first solenoid magnet 315 is sleeved on the outer side of the first outer conductor 312 to provide an axial bias magnetic field to the microwave generating unit 31. In the present invention, the axial magnetic field of each microwave generating unit 31 is the same. The magnitude of the magnetic field generated by the first solenoid magnet 315 is designed based on the overall comprehensive optimization of the input high-voltage pulse amplitude of the microwave generating unit 31, the material parameters of the magnetic ring, the structural dimensions of the microwave generating unit 31, etc., and is generally a fixed value after the design is completed. The delay control unit 32 includes a second inner conductor 321 and a second outer conductor 322 coaxially sleeved outside the second inner conductor 321, that is, the second inner conductor 321 and the second outer conductor 322 are coaxial structures. A second ferrite magnetic ring 323 is also sleeved between the second inner conductor 321 and the second outer conductor 322. Both the second ferrite magnetic ring 323 and the first ferrite magnetic ring 313 are ferrite magnetic rings, but different functions can be achieved by setting different material parameters and structures. In this embodiment, the second ferrite magnetic ring 323 is used to adjust the output delay through the characteristic that its magnetic permeability changes with different axial magnetic fields. Among them, the second ferrite ring 323 can be located at any position between the second inner conductor 321 and the second outer conductor 322. In this embodiment, there is no gap between the second ferrite ring 323 and the second inner conductor 321, and it is sleeved on the outer wall of the second inner conductor 321. Other positions between the second inner conductor 321 and the second outer conductor 322 are filled with a second insulating medium 324, such as an insulating medium such as transformer oil or SF6 gas. In this embodiment, transformer oil is used for high voltage insulation of the delay control unit 32. A second solenoid magnet 325 is sleeved on the outer side of the second outer conductor 322 to provide an axial bias magnetic field to the delay control unit 32. In the present invention, the N second solenoid magnets 325 are all independently controlled, so the axial magnetic field size of each delay control unit 32 can be adjusted by controlling the input excitation current size, thereby controlling the delay amount, so that each ferrite nonlinear transmission line system 3 can achieve different delay control. As shown in Figure 3, the radiation antenna system 4 includes a high-pass filter 41, a mode converter 42 and an antenna 43. The high-pass filter 41 is used to filter out the video component in the high-power microwave pulse and retain only the radio frequency component; the mode converter 42 is used to convert the output TEM mode radio frequency component into the TE 11 mode; the antenna 43 is used to radiate the converted high-power microwave pulse. For better radiation effect, the antenna 43 in this embodiment adopts a conical horn antenna.
本发明提供的一种基于多路铁氧体非线性传输线的高功率微波产生系统，其具体的连接关系和工作原理为：脉冲功率源1的输出端连接多路功分器2的输入同轴线，多路功分器2的N路输出同轴线分别连接相应的N个微波产生单元31中第一内导体311和第一外导体312的一端，用于将脉冲功率源1产生的高压脉冲经由多路功分器2功分为N路高压脉冲，驱动N路微波产生单元31产生高功率微波脉冲；第一内导体311和第一外导体312的另一端作为微波产生单元31的输出端连接相应延时控制单元32中第二内导体321和第二外导体322的一端，用于将产生的高功率微波脉冲通过延时控制单元32产生一定量的延时；第二内导体321和第二外导体322的另一端作为延时控制单元32的输出端连接相应的高通滤波器41的输入端，用于对延时处理后的高功率微波脉冲中的视频成分进行滤除，保留射频分量；高通滤波器41的输出端连接模式转换器42的输入端，模式转换器42的输入端连接天线43的输入端，用于将输出的TEM模式射频分量转换为TE11模式，并通过天线43的输出端将转换后的高功率微波脉冲辐射至外部空间。同时，由于本发明中N个延时控制单元32的第二螺线管磁体325均为独立控制，通过配置每路多铁氧体非线性传输线系统3的不同时间延迟，可以使高功率微波脉冲空间功率合成时形成交错叠加的效果，从而改善单路铁氧体非线性传输线输出的高功率微波脉冲的衰减振荡特性，输出理想的方波包络微波。The present invention provides a high-power microwave generating system based on a multi-channel ferrite nonlinear transmission line, and its specific connection relationship and working principle are as follows: the output end of a pulse power source 1 is connected to an input coaxial line of a multi-channel power divider 2, and the N output coaxial lines of the multi-channel power divider 2 are respectively connected to one end of a first inner conductor 311 and a first outer conductor 312 in corresponding N microwave generating units 31, so as to divide the high-voltage pulse generated by the pulse power source 1 into N high-voltage pulses via the multi-channel power divider 2, and drive the N microwave generating units 31 to generate high-power microwave pulses; the other ends of the first inner conductor 311 and the first outer conductor 312 are connected as the output ends of the microwave generating units 31. One end of the second inner conductor 321 and the second outer conductor 322 in the corresponding delay control unit 32 is connected to generate a certain amount of delay for the generated high-power microwave pulse through the delay control unit 32; the other end of the second inner conductor 321 and the second outer conductor 322 is connected to the input end of the corresponding high-pass filter 41 as the output end of the delay control unit 32, which is used to filter out the video component in the high-power microwave pulse after delay processing and retain the radio frequency component; the output end of the high-pass filter 41 is connected to the input end of the mode converter 42, and the input end of the mode converter 42 is connected to the input end of the antenna 43, which is used to convert the output TEM mode radio frequency component into TE 11 mode, and radiate the converted high-power microwave pulse to the external space through the output end of the antenna 43. At the same time, since the second solenoid magnets 325 of the N delay control units 32 in the present invention are all independently controlled, by configuring different time delays in each multi-ferrite nonlinear transmission line system 3, an interleaved superposition effect can be formed during the spatial power synthesis of high-power microwave pulses, thereby improving the attenuation oscillation characteristics of the high-power microwave pulses output by a single ferrite nonlinear transmission line, and outputting an ideal square wave envelope microwave.
为了进一步验证本发明的实际效果，以下通过具体的实验进行进一步说明。In order to further verify the practical effect of the present invention, further description is given below through specific experiments.
如图4所示，为现有单路铁氧体非线性传输线系统的输出波形，铁氧体非线性传输线系统输出为高压脉冲视频分量与射频振荡分量的叠加。如图5所示，为现有单路铁氧体非线性传输线系统输出经高通滤波器滤波后的波形，可以看出，其射频振荡的幅度逐渐衰减，波形质量较差。本发明提供的一种基于多路铁氧体非线性传输线的高功率微波产生系统，通过N路铁氧体非线性传输线系统3中的延时控制单元32进行各自适当的延时控制后，全系统可实现延时空间功率合成，其输出波形如图6所示，与图5波形相比，该系统能够有效改善铁氧体非线性传输线的高功率微波输出的衰减振荡特性，输出理想的方波包络微波。本发明使得铁氧体非线性传输线作为一种固态化的高功率微波产生方式，其产生的高功率微波工作于L～Ku波段、输出峰值功率百MW～数GW、脉宽数ns～数百ns，能够在更广的范围下实现应用。As shown in FIG4, it is the output waveform of the existing single-channel ferrite nonlinear transmission line system. The output of the ferrite nonlinear transmission line system is the superposition of the high-voltage pulse video component and the radio frequency oscillation component. As shown in FIG5, it is the waveform of the output of the existing single-channel ferrite nonlinear transmission line system after being filtered by a high-pass filter. It can be seen that the amplitude of its radio frequency oscillation gradually decays and the waveform quality is poor. The present invention provides a high-power microwave generation system based on multi-channel ferrite nonlinear transmission lines. After the delay control unit 32 in the N-channel ferrite nonlinear transmission line system 3 performs respective appropriate delay control, the whole system can realize delay space power synthesis. Its output waveform is shown in FIG6. Compared with the waveform in FIG5, the system can effectively improve the attenuation oscillation characteristics of the high-power microwave output of the ferrite nonlinear transmission line, and output an ideal square wave envelope microwave. The present invention makes the ferrite nonlinear transmission line a solid-state high-power microwave generation method. The high-power microwave generated by it works in the L-Ku band, outputs a peak power of hundreds of MW to several GW, and has a pulse width of several ns to hundreds of ns, which can be applied in a wider range.
以上所述，仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制，对于本领域的普通专业技术人员来说，可以对上述实施例所记载的具体技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换，而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明所保护技术方案的范围。The above description is only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit it. For ordinary professional and technical personnel in the field, the specific technical solution recorded in the above embodiment can be modified, or some of the technical features therein can be replaced by equivalents, and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solution deviate from the scope of the technical solution protected by the present invention.
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