CN115799791B - High-power microwave generation system based on multipath ferrite nonlinear transmission line - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a high-power microwave generation system based on a multi-path ferrite nonlinear transmission line, which is used for solving the technical problem of poor output waveform quality caused by gradual attenuation of microwave pulse output amplitude of the conventional ferrite nonlinear transmission line under high-voltage pulse excitation. The invention comprises a pulse power source, a multipath power divider, an N-path ferrite nonlinear transmission line system and N radiation antenna systems; the ferrite nonlinear transmission line system comprises a microwave generating unit and a delay control unit; the N delay control units are independently controlled; the output end of the pulse power source is connected with the input end of the multi-path power divider, the output end of the multi-path power divider is connected with the input ends of the N microwave generating units, and the output end of the microwave generating unit is connected with the input end of the delay control unit and is used for generating delay; the N delay control unit output ends are connected with the corresponding radiation antenna system input ends, and the N radiation antenna system output ends are used for radiation output.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a multipath ferrite nonlinear transmission line, in particular to a high-power microwave generation system based on the multipath ferrite nonlinear transmission line.
Background
Ferrite nonlinear transmission line technology research arose in the 50 s of the 20 th century, and early stages were commonly used to achieve steepening of the high voltage electrical pulse fronts. In recent decades, researchers have found that ferrite nonlinear transmission lines can also be used to generate high power microwaves, and ferrite nonlinear transmission lines have gained widespread attention as a solid-state high power microwave generation means.
Ferrite nonlinear transmission lines generally adopt a coaxial line structure, ferrite rings are filled between inner and outer conductors of the coaxial line, and ferrite materials adopted include NiZn ferrite, li ferrite, YIG and the like. In order to improve the insulation property of the transmission line, SF 6 gas or transformer oil or the like is also added between the inner conductor and the outer conductor. Outside the coaxial line, an axially biased static magnetic field is generated using a solenoid or a permanent magnet.
Compared with the traditional high-power microwave generation mode, the ferrite nonlinear transmission line has the characteristics of no adoption of strong electron beams, no limitation of vacuum conditions and low required external magnetic field, so that the ferrite nonlinear transmission line does not need auxiliary systems such as a vacuum pump, a superconducting magnet, a water cooling system and the like, and the system is more compact and the cost is lower. However, under the excitation of high-voltage pulse, the ferrite nonlinear transmission line generates high-power microwaves through the attenuation precession of the magnetic moment of the ferrite, and the high-power microwaves output amplitude of the ferrite nonlinear transmission line gradually attenuates and can only generate radio frequency oscillations below 10. The high-power microwave output waveform quality of the ferrite nonlinear transmission line is poor, and the application of the ferrite nonlinear transmission line system is limited to a certain extent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem that the output waveform quality is poor due to the fact that the output amplitude of a microwave pulse is gradually attenuated under high-voltage pulse excitation of the existing ferrite nonlinear transmission line, and provides a high-power microwave generation system based on a multipath ferrite nonlinear transmission line.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
The high-power microwave generation system based on the multi-path ferrite nonlinear transmission line is characterized by comprising a pulse power source, a multi-path power divider, an N-path ferrite nonlinear transmission line system and corresponding N radiation antenna systems, wherein N is more than or equal to 2;
the ferrite nonlinear transmission line system comprises a microwave generation unit and a delay control unit;
The N delay control units are independently controlled;
The output end of the pulse power source is connected with the input end of the multi-path power divider, the output ends of the multi-path power divider are respectively connected with the input ends of the N microwave generating units, and the high-voltage pulse generated by the pulse power source is divided into N paths of high-voltage pulses through the multi-path power divider, so that the N paths of microwave generating units are driven to generate high-power microwave pulses; the output end of the microwave generating unit is connected with the input end of the delay control unit and is used for generating a certain amount of delay for the generated high-power microwave pulse through the delay control unit; the output ends of the N delay control units are connected with the input ends of N corresponding radiation antenna systems, and the output ends of the N radiation antenna systems are used for radiating the delayed high-power microwave pulses to an external space.
Further, the multi-path power divider is of a coaxial line structure and comprises an input coaxial line, an impedance matching structure and N paths of output coaxial lines which are connected in sequence;
the input coaxial line is used for being connected with the output end of the pulse power source, and the N paths of output coaxial lines are used for being connected with the input end of the N paths of microwave generating units.
Further, the microwave generating unit comprises a first inner conductor and a first outer conductor coaxially sleeved outside the first inner conductor;
A first ferrite magnetic ring is sleeved between the first inner conductor and the first outer conductor and used for generating radio frequency oscillation through the magnetic moment precession characteristic of the first ferrite magnetic ring under the input of high-voltage pulse; the other positions between the first inner conductor and the first outer conductor are filled with a first insulating medium for high-voltage insulation;
The first solenoid magnet is sleeved outside the first outer conductor and used for providing an axial bias magnetic field for the microwave generating unit;
One end of the first inner conductor and one end of the first outer conductor are connected with a corresponding path of N paths of output coaxial lines of the multi-path power divider, and the other end of the first inner conductor and the other end of the first outer conductor are connected with input ends of corresponding delay control units.
Further, the delay control unit comprises a second inner conductor and a second outer conductor coaxially sleeved outside the second inner conductor;
A second ferrite magnetic ring is sleeved between the second inner conductor and the second outer conductor and is used for realizing the adjustment of output delay through the characteristic that the magnetic permeability of the second ferrite magnetic ring changes along with the different axial magnetic fields; the other positions between the second inner conductor and the second outer conductor are filled with a second insulating medium for high-voltage insulation;
The second solenoid magnet is sleeved outside the second outer conductor and used for providing an axial bias magnetic field for the delay control unit;
one ends of the second inner conductor and the second outer conductor are respectively connected with the other ends of the corresponding first inner conductor and the first outer conductor, and the other ends of the second inner conductor and the second outer conductor are connected with the input ends of the corresponding radiation antenna system.
Further, the radiating antenna system comprises a high pass filter and an antenna;
The input end of the high-pass filter is connected with the other ends of the corresponding second inner conductor and the second outer conductor and is used for filtering video components in high-power microwave pulses, and only radio frequency components are reserved; the output end of the high-pass filter is connected with the input end of the antenna, and the processed high-power microwave pulse is radiated to the external space through the output end of the antenna.
Further, the radiating antenna system further comprises a mode converter;
the input end of the mode converter is connected with the output end of the high-pass filter, and the output end of the mode converter is connected with the input end of the antenna and used for converting an input TEM mode radio frequency component into a TE 11 mode.
Further, the antenna adopts a conical horn antenna.
Further, the pulse power source adopts a Tesla transformer type repetition frequency pulse power source.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. Compared with the existing ferrite nonlinear transmission line system, the high-power microwave generation system based on the multipath ferrite nonlinear transmission line provided by the invention is provided with N delay control units, the second solenoid magnets of the N delay control units are independently controlled, and the staggered superposition effect can be formed during the space power synthesis of high-power microwave pulses by configuring different time delays of each path of the multipath ferrite nonlinear transmission line system, so that the attenuation oscillation characteristic of high-power microwave pulses output by a single path of ferrite nonlinear transmission line is improved, and ideal square wave envelope microwaves are output.
2. The high-power microwave generation system based on the multipath ferrite nonlinear transmission line provided by the invention enables the ferrite nonlinear transmission line to be used as a solid-state high-power microwave generation mode to be applied in a wider range.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a high power microwave generating system based on a multi-channel ferrite nonlinear transmission line according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a ferrite nonlinear transmission line system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a radiation antenna system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an output waveform of a conventional single-pass ferrite nonlinear transmission line system;
FIG. 5 is a waveform of the output of a conventional single-pass ferrite nonlinear transmission line system after filtering with a high pass filter;
Fig. 6 is an output waveform of a high power microwave generating system based on a multi-path ferrite nonlinear transmission line according to the present invention.
Specific reference numerals are as follows:
1-a pulsed power source; 2-a multi-path power divider;
3-ferrite nonlinear transmission line system, 31-microwave generating unit, 311-first inner conductor, 312-first outer conductor, 313-first ferrite bead, 314-first insulating medium, 315-first solenoid magnet, 32-delay control unit, 321-second inner conductor, 322-second outer conductor, 323-second ferrite bead, 324-second insulating medium, 325-second solenoid magnet;
4-radiating antenna system, 41-high pass filter, 42-mode converter, 43-antenna.
Detailed Description
To further clarify the advantages and features of the present invention, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof which are illustrated in the appended drawings.
As shown in figure 1, the high-power microwave generation system based on the multipath ferrite nonlinear transmission line comprises a pulse power source 1, a multipath power divider 2, an N-path ferrite nonlinear transmission line system 3 and N corresponding radiation antenna systems 4, wherein N is more than or equal to 2. The pulse power source 1 is used for generating high-voltage electric pulses, wherein the electric pulse amplitude is tens of kV-several MV, and the electric pulse width is ns-tens of ns. In this embodiment, the pulse power source 1 adopts a Tesla transformer type repetition frequency pulse power source, which charges a pulse forming line after the output voltage is increased by a pulse transformer, and the stored energy of the pulse forming line outputs energy to the multiplexer 2 through a main switch, and other types of pulse power sources can be adopted in other embodiments of the present invention. The multiplexer 2 is used for distributing the power of the high-voltage electric pulse generated by the pulse power source 1 to generate N paths of high-voltage electric pulses with the same amplitude. In this embodiment, the multi-path power divider 2 adopts a coaxial line structure, and is composed of an input coaxial line, an impedance matching structure and N output coaxial lines which are sequentially connected. The ferrite nonlinear transmission line system 3 includes a microwave generating unit 31 and a delay control unit 32 connected in sequence. Wherein the microwave generating unit 31 is used for generating high-power microwave pulses through high-voltage electric pulse driving; the delay control unit 32 is used to delay the high power microwave pulse. Preferably, as shown in fig. 2, the microwave generating unit 31 in this embodiment includes a first inner conductor 311 and a first outer conductor 312 coaxially sleeved outside the first inner conductor 311, that is, the first inner conductor 311 and the first outer conductor 312 are in a coaxial line structure. A first ferrite bead 313 is further sleeved between the first inner conductor 311 and the first outer conductor 312, and is used for generating radio frequency oscillation through the magnetic moment precession characteristic of the first ferrite bead 313 under high-voltage pulse input. The first ferrite bead 313 may be located at any position between the first inner conductor 311 and the first outer conductor 312, and when a gap exists between the first ferrite bead 313 and the first inner conductor 311, a supporting frame needs to be set to support the first ferrite bead 313, in this embodiment, no gap exists between the first ferrite bead 313 and the first inner conductor 311, and the first ferrite bead 313 and the first inner conductor 311 are sleeved on the outer side wall of the first inner conductor 311. in practical applications, the position and size of the first ferrite bead 313 may be optimized according to the microwaves generated as required. Other positions between the first inner conductor 311 and the first outer conductor 312 are filled with a first insulating medium 314, for example, an insulating medium such as transformer oil or SF 6 gas, transformer oil is used in this embodiment for high voltage insulation of the microwave generating unit 31. The first solenoid magnet 315 is sleeved outside the first outer conductor 312 and is used for providing an axial bias magnetic field for the microwave generating units 31, and the axial magnetic fields of each path of microwave generating units 31 in the invention have the same size. The magnitude of the magnetic field generated by the first solenoid magnet 315 is integrally and comprehensively designed according to the input high-voltage pulse amplitude of the microwave generating unit 31, the magnetic ring material parameters, the structural size of the microwave generating unit 31 and the like, and the magnetic field is generally a fixed value after the design is completed. The delay control unit 32 includes a second inner conductor 321 and a second outer conductor 322 coaxially sleeved outside the second inner conductor 321, i.e., the second inner conductor 321 and the second outer conductor 322 are in a coaxial line structure. A second ferrite bead 323 is also sleeved between the second inner conductor 321 and the second outer conductor 322, and the second ferrite bead 323 and the first ferrite bead 313 are both ferrite beads, but different functions can be realized by setting different material parameters and structures, and in the embodiment, the second ferrite bead 323 is used for realizing adjustment of output delay through the characteristic that the magnetic permeability of the second ferrite bead 323 changes along with different axial magnetic fields. the second ferrite bead 323 may be located at any position between the second inner conductor 321 and the second outer conductor 322, and in this embodiment, there is no gap between the second ferrite bead 323 and the second inner conductor 321, and the second ferrite bead is sleeved on the outer side wall of the second inner conductor 321. The other locations between the second inner conductor 321 and the second outer conductor 322 are filled with a second insulating medium 324, for example transformer oil or an insulating medium such as SF 6 gas, transformer oil being used in this embodiment for high voltage insulation of the delay control unit 32. A second solenoidal magnet 325 is sleeved outside the second outer conductor 322 for providing an axial bias magnetic field to the delay control unit 32. In the invention, the N second solenoid magnets 325 are all independently controlled, so that the axial magnetic field of each path of delay control unit 32 can be adjusted by controlling the size of the input exciting current, and the delay amount is further controlled, so that different delay control is realized for each path of ferrite nonlinear transmission line system 3. As shown in fig. 3, the radiation antenna system 4 includes a high-pass filter 41, a mode converter 42, and an antenna 43. The high-pass filter 41 is used for filtering out video components in the high-power microwave pulse, and only retains radio frequency components; The mode converter 42 is configured to convert the output TEM mode radio frequency component into a TE 11 mode; the antenna 43 is used for radiating the converted high-power microwave pulse, and for better radiation effect, the antenna 43 in this embodiment adopts a conical horn antenna.
The invention provides a high-power microwave generation system based on a multipath ferrite nonlinear transmission line, which has the following specific connection relation and working principle: the output end of the pulse power source 1 is connected with the input coaxial line of the multiplexer 2, and the N paths of output coaxial lines of the multiplexer 2 are respectively connected with one ends of a first inner conductor 311 and a first outer conductor 312 in the corresponding N microwave generating units 31, and are used for dividing high-voltage pulses generated by the pulse power source 1 into N paths of high-voltage pulses through the multiplexer 2 to drive the N paths of microwave generating units 31 to generate high-power microwave pulses; the other ends of the first inner conductor 311 and the first outer conductor 312 are connected with one ends of the second inner conductor 321 and the second outer conductor 322 in the corresponding delay control unit 32 as output ends of the microwave generation unit 31, and are used for generating a certain amount of delay by the generated high-power microwave pulse through the delay control unit 32; the other ends of the second inner conductor 321 and the second outer conductor 322 are used as output ends of the delay control unit 32 to be connected with input ends of corresponding high-pass filters 41, and are used for filtering video components in the high-power microwave pulses after delay processing and retaining radio frequency components; the output end of the high-pass filter 41 is connected to the input end of the mode converter 42, and the input end of the mode converter 42 is connected to the input end of the antenna 43, so as to convert the output TEM mode radio frequency component into TE 11 mode, and radiate the converted high-power microwave pulse to the external space through the output end of the antenna 43. Meanwhile, because the second solenoid magnets 325 of the N delay control units 32 are all independently controlled, by configuring different time delays of each multi-ferrite nonlinear transmission line system 3, the staggered superposition effect can be formed during the spatial power synthesis of the high-power microwave pulse, thereby improving the attenuation oscillation characteristics of the high-power microwave pulse output by the single-ferrite nonlinear transmission line and outputting ideal square wave envelope microwaves.
In order to further verify the practical effect of the present invention, the following is further explained by specific experiments.
As shown in fig. 4, the output waveform of the existing single-channel ferrite nonlinear transmission line system is that the ferrite nonlinear transmission line system outputs the superposition of the high-voltage pulse video component and the radio frequency oscillation component. As shown in fig. 5, the waveform filtered by the high-pass filter is output by the conventional single-path ferrite nonlinear transmission line system, and it can be seen that the amplitude of the radio frequency oscillation is gradually attenuated, and the waveform quality is poor. The high-power microwave generating system based on the multi-path ferrite nonlinear transmission line provided by the invention can realize time delay space power synthesis by the whole system after respective proper time delay control is carried out by the time delay control unit 32 in the N-path ferrite nonlinear transmission line system 3, and the output waveform is shown in figure 6. The invention makes ferrite nonlinear transmission line as a solid-state high-power microwave generation mode, the generated high-power microwave works in L-Ku wave band, output peak power hundred MW-several GW, pulse width ns-several hundred ns, and can be applied in wider range.
The foregoing description is only for the purpose of illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, but not for the purpose of limiting the same, and it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that modifications may be made to the specific technical solution described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalents may be substituted for parts of the technical features thereof, without departing from the spirit of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A high-power microwave generation system based on a multipath ferrite nonlinear transmission line is characterized in that: the device comprises a pulse power source (1), a multi-path power divider (2), an N-path ferrite nonlinear transmission line system (3) and corresponding N radiation antenna systems (4), wherein N is more than or equal to 2;
The ferrite nonlinear transmission line system (3) comprises a microwave generation unit (31) and a delay control unit (32);
N delay control units (32) are independently controlled;
The output end of the pulse power source (1) is connected with the input end of the multi-path power divider (2), the output ends of the multi-path power divider (2) are respectively connected with the input ends of the N microwave generating units (31), and the high-voltage pulse generator is used for dividing the high-voltage pulse generated by the pulse power source (1) into N paths of high-voltage pulses through the power of the multi-path power divider (2) and driving the N paths of microwave generating units (31) to generate high-power microwave pulses; the output end of the microwave generation unit (31) is connected with the input end of the delay control unit (32) and is used for delaying the generated high-power microwave pulse through the delay control unit (32); the output ends of the N delay control units (32) are connected with the input ends of N corresponding radiation antenna systems (4), and the output ends of the N radiation antenna systems (4) are used for radiating the delayed high-power microwave pulses to an external space.
2. The high power microwave generation system based on a multi-path ferrite nonlinear transmission line according to claim 1, wherein:
the multi-path power divider (2) is of a coaxial line structure and comprises an input coaxial line, an impedance matching structure and N paths of output coaxial lines which are connected in sequence;
The input coaxial line is used for being connected with the output end of the pulse power source (1), and the N-path output coaxial line is used for being connected with the input end of the N-path microwave generating unit (31).
3. The high power microwave generation system based on a multi-path ferrite nonlinear transmission line according to claim 2, wherein:
the microwave generating unit (31) comprises a first inner conductor (311) and a first outer conductor (312) coaxially sleeved outside the first inner conductor (311);
a first ferrite magnetic ring (313) is sleeved between the first inner conductor (311) and the first outer conductor (312) and used for generating oscillation; the other positions between the first inner conductor (311) and the first outer conductor (312) are filled with a first insulating medium (314) for high-voltage insulation;
a first solenoid magnet (315) is sleeved outside the first outer conductor (312) and used for providing an axial bias magnetic field;
one end of the first inner conductor (311) and one end of the first outer conductor (312) are connected with a corresponding path of N paths of output coaxial lines of the multi-path power divider (2), and the other end of the first inner conductor is connected with the input end of the corresponding delay control unit (32).
4. A high power microwave generation system based on a multi-path ferrite nonlinear transmission line according to claim 3, wherein:
the delay control unit (32) comprises a second inner conductor (321) and a second outer conductor (322) coaxially sleeved outside the second inner conductor (321);
A second ferrite magnetic ring (323) is sleeved between the second inner conductor (321) and the second outer conductor (322) and used for performing delay adjustment; the other positions between the second inner conductor (321) and the second outer conductor (322) are filled with a second insulating medium (324) for high voltage insulation;
a second solenoid magnet (325) is sleeved outside the second outer conductor (322) and is used for providing an axial bias magnetic field;
One ends of the second inner conductor (321) and the second outer conductor (322) are respectively connected with the other ends of the corresponding first inner conductor (311) and the first outer conductor (312), and the other ends of the second inner conductor (321) and the second outer conductor (322) are connected with the input ends of the corresponding radiation antenna system (4).
5. The high power microwave generation system based on a multi-channel ferrite nonlinear transmission line according to claim 4, wherein:
the radiating antenna system (4) comprises a high pass filter (41) and an antenna (43);
The input end of the high-pass filter (41) is connected with the other ends of the corresponding second inner conductor (321) and the second outer conductor (322) and is used for filtering video components in high-power microwave pulses, and only radio frequency components are reserved; the output end of the high-pass filter (41) is connected with the input end of the antenna (43), and the processed high-power microwave pulse is radiated to the external space through the output end of the antenna (43).
6. The high power microwave generation system based on a multi-channel ferrite nonlinear transmission line according to claim 5, wherein:
the radiating antenna system (4) further comprises a mode converter (42);
The input end of the mode converter (42) is connected with the output end of the high-pass filter (41), and the output end of the mode converter (42) is connected with the input end of the antenna (43) and is used for converting an input TEM mode radio frequency component into a TE 11 mode.
7. The high power microwave generation system based on a multi-channel ferrite nonlinear transmission line according to claim 6, wherein:
The antenna (43) adopts a conical horn antenna.
8. A high power microwave generating system based on a multi-path ferrite nonlinear transmission line according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein:
the pulse power source (1) adopts a Tesla transformer type repetition frequency pulse power source.
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| GB201021032D0 (en) * | 2010-12-10 | 2011-01-26 | Creo Medical Ltd | Electrosurgical apparatus |
| CN108777568A (en) * | 2018-06-20 | 2018-11-09 | 南京邮电大学 | A kind of minimized wide-band power splitter |
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| RU2531559C1 (en) * | 2013-06-27 | 2014-10-20 | Государственное Научное Учреждение "Институт Физики Имени Б.И. Степанова Национальной Академии Наук Беларуси" | Method for reduction of duration of microwave emission pulse, and device for its implementation |
| CN105356015B (en) * | 2015-08-11 | 2019-07-19 | 西北核技术研究所 | A kind of ferrite phase shifter for X-band |
| CN105226350A (en) * | 2015-08-25 | 2016-01-06 | 西安电子工程研究所 | A kind of coaxial High-Power Microwave generator based on nonlinear transmission line |
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| CN111371409B (en) * | 2020-04-20 | 2022-09-16 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Light-operated frequency-adjustable all-solid-state multi-period microwave generator |
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| CN108777568A (en) * | 2018-06-20 | 2018-11-09 | 南京邮电大学 | A kind of minimized wide-band power splitter |
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