CN115799720A - Energy accumulator for a motor vehicle and method for producing and removing an energy accumulator - Google Patents

Energy accumulator for a motor vehicle and method for producing and removing an energy accumulator Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115799720A
CN115799720A CN202211088768.XA CN202211088768A CN115799720A CN 115799720 A CN115799720 A CN 115799720A CN 202211088768 A CN202211088768 A CN 202211088768A CN 115799720 A CN115799720 A CN 115799720A
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alloy
low
temperature control
battery
melting
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CN202211088768.XA
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
P·迪梅尔
M·格曼斯
P-M·德索萨施米歇
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Audi AG
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Audi AG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/615—Heating or keeping warm
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625—Vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/63—Control systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/653—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by electrically insulating or thermally conductive materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/244—Secondary casings; Racks; Suspension devices; Carrying devices; Holders characterised by their mounting method
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an energy storage device (10) for a motor vehicle, wherein the energy storage device (10) comprises at least one electric core (26) and a temperature control element (14) for controlling the temperature of the at least one electric core (26), and a thermal interface element (18) arranged between the at least one electric core (26) and the temperature control element (14). The thermal interface element (18) is a low-melting-point alloy (18).

Description

Energy accumulator for a motor vehicle and method for producing and removing an energy accumulator
Technical Field
The invention relates to an energy storage device for a motor vehicle, wherein the energy storage device comprises at least one cell and a temperature control element for controlling the temperature of the at least one cell. Furthermore, the energy accumulator has a thermal interface element, which is arranged between the at least one cell and the temperature control element. The invention further relates to a method for producing an energy store and to a method for disassembling an energy store.
Background
Such an energy accumulator may be, for example, a high-voltage battery for a motor vehicle. Such high-voltage batteries typically have a plurality of battery cells, which can also be combined, for example, into a battery module. In order to be able to dissipate the heat generated in the high-voltage battery during rapid charging and during power switching in an electric vehicle, the cells are cooled. Temperature control elements can be used for this purpose. The temperature control element can be designed, for example, as a cooling base on which the cells or the battery modules are arranged. In order to improve the thermal connection of the battery module on this cooling bottom, a thermally conductive paste, a so-called gap filler, is often used between the battery module and the cooling bottom. Thus, the underfill is a thermal interface element that thermally couples the battery module or cell with the cooling base. In order to introduce such a thermally conductive paste between the cooling base and the battery modules, the gap filler can be applied, for example, first in the form of worms to the still open battery compartments and then slowly pressed into a flat form by placing and pressing the battery modules. The battery housing, in which a plurality of battery modules are inserted, may have a plurality of compartments, the base of which is referred to as the compartment base.
The amount of gap filler required is variable because the gap height between the underside of the module and the bottom of the cell can vary greatly depending on the joining process at the bottom of the cell and the assembly tolerances of the battery module. This results in that the heat transfer resistance of the overall structure varies as a function of the gap height. At larger gap heights, a higher heat transfer is required for the same heat removal than at smaller gap heights. The underfill used is very costly. Furthermore, the joint compound has a very strong abrasive action due to the large amount of filler, which is disadvantageous in terms of the life of the apparatus. Furthermore, the prior art thermal paste has the additional disadvantage that it makes the disassembly of the battery or battery module difficult, since it bonds the battery module to the cooling base. In this case, it is generally not possible to disassemble the battery module without damage, i.e., after the thermal paste has hardened, the battery module can no longer be removed from the battery housing without damage.
The aim is to achieve the best possible thermal connection of the battery modules to the cooling base by means of the thermal interface element, in which case the smallest possible and uniform gap height is provided between the battery modules and the cooling base, and the degree of wetting of the surfaces to be thermally coupled, i.e. the underside of the battery modules and the cooling base surface, is maximized, and this is achieved in the simplest possible and cost-effective manner.
Furthermore, EP 2 738 833 B1 describes a battery module with a battery retaining block. In this case, a plurality of cells configured as round cells are received in the battery retaining blocks. The battery holding block here comprises a plurality of blocks made of metal, which are configured in a cylindrical shape and have different outer diameters in the axial direction. These cylindrical blocks, in which the cells can be received, can be arranged side by side, so that gaps are formed between the regions with the smaller outer diameter, through which air flows. The gap can accordingly be used for air cooling of the cell. In the region with the larger outer diameter, the individual blocks can be fixed to one another. For this purpose, the blocks are provided on the outside with low-melting solder and are arranged next to one another. The blocks may then be heated to melt the solder and join the blocks to one another.
In this case, however, the cells are not connected to the respective block via a thermal interface element. Without the thermal interface element, air gaps inevitably occur between the cells and the mass, which makes cooling of the cells extremely inefficient.
Disclosure of Invention
The object of the present invention is therefore to provide an energy store and a method which make it possible to achieve a temperature control of at least one cell of the energy store which is as cost-effective as possible, simple and efficient and/or to remove it as simply as possible.
This object is achieved by an accumulator and a method having the features according to the respective independent claims. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject matter of the dependent claims, the description and the figures.
The energy accumulator according to the invention for a motor vehicle has at least one electric core and a temperature control element for controlling the temperature of the at least one electric core, and also has a thermal interface element arranged between the at least one electric core and the temperature control element. Here, the thermal interface element is a low melting point alloy.
Alloys with melting points below 350 c are generally referred to as low melting points. In particular, the melting point of the low melting point alloy is significantly lower than that of tin, which is 231.9 ℃. Porous low-melting alloys are also known from the prior art, the melting point of which is even significantly below 100 ℃. The invention is based on the recognition that, in particular, such low-melting alloys are particularly suitable as joint compounds. This is due on the one hand to the good properties of the low melting point alloys in the solidified solid state: the low-melting alloy has a very high thermal conductivity, as a result of which the heat from the at least one electrical core can be transferred very efficiently to the temperature control element. Furthermore, the cured material has a much higher adhesion than conventional caulks and is therefore able to withstand mechanical loads. This contributes greatly to the overall stability and robustness of the energy accumulator and, in addition, improves its crash behavior. On the other hand, the great advantage of low melting point alloys also depends on: the low-melting alloy can be introduced into the energy accumulator particularly easily during the production of the energy accumulator. Due to the low melting point, these alloys can be liquefied and, for example, also remain in a liquid state, simply before being introduced into the energy accumulator, until the components to be arranged relative to one another, that is to say the at least one cell and the temperature control element, are arranged in a defined manner relative to one another, with the thermal interface element being located between the at least one cell and the temperature control element. Furthermore, due to the high viscosity in the liquid state, no high pressing forces are required to press the alloy to the surface when the battery module or at least one cell is placed. A significantly smaller and more uniform gap height can thereby be achieved. Another very great advantage of using a low-melting alloy as the thermal interface element is also that the low-melting alloy also allows simple disassembly of the accumulator. Furthermore, the low-melting alloy can adhere very well to the geometry of the at least one cell or of a battery module comprising the at least one cell, or generally to the contact surfaces to be thermally connected, in the liquid state, and thus 100% wetting of the contact surfaces and thus optimal heat transfer can be achieved. Thus, in order to obtain a high degree of wetting, a large gap height is no longer taken into account. However, larger gap heights are also not problematic due to the extremely good thermal conductivity of low-melting alloys. However, a smaller gap height again makes it possible to save weight and material, which in turn has a positive effect on the overall cost of the energy store and in particular of the motor vehicle and on its overall driving range. In this case, the low-melting alloy can be melted again simply, for example by heat input, and then the at least one cell can be removed again simply from the temperature control element, since the adhesion between the temperature control element and the at least one cell or the battery module comprising the at least one cell can also be reduced again by melting. Overall, therefore, it is possible to provide an energy accumulator with a thermal interface element, which, by using a low-melting-point alloy as the thermal interface element, makes possible an extremely efficient, cost-effective and at the same time simple temperature control option for temperature control of at least one cell.
The energy accumulator may be a high-voltage battery for a motor vehicle, for example. Furthermore, the energy accumulator comprises not only one cell, but preferably also a plurality of cells. These cells may also be combined into a battery module. Accordingly, it is preferred that at least one cell is provided as part of a battery module having a plurality of cells. Furthermore, at least one of the cells may be a lithium ion cell. The cells may also be embodied as prismatic cells, pouch cells or round cells. The temperature control element can be designed as a passive or active temperature control element. As passive temperature control elements, they can be simply designed, for example, as cooling plates, for example, as metal plates or as metal sheets, generally in any desired geometry or shape, and are cooled, for example, by a cooling device. As an active temperature control element, the temperature control element can preferably be flowed through by a cooling fluid and has, for example, a cooling channel. In general, however, the temperature control element can not only provide cooling of the at least one battery cell, but also, if required, heating. In this case, for example, at least one cell can be connected directly to the temperature control element via a thermal interface element with a specific side of the cell. In other words, the low-melting alloy can directly contact on the one hand a region or a side of at least one cell or of a battery module comprising at least one cell and on the other hand a temperature control element. The thermal interface element can therefore also be in direct contact with a side of a battery module comprising at least one cell. The side of the battery module can be formed at least partially by a side of the at least one battery cell or by a side of a separate structural unit associated with the module, for example a module housing. In this case, at least one cell can additionally be thermally connected to the module housing side via a further thermal interface element. A low melting point alloy may also be used for the further thermal interface element, or another thermally conductive paste or another underfill may also be used.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the low-melting alloy has a melting point of less than 100 ℃, in particular at most 80 ℃. In this case, the temperature range is very mild for the cells or the at least one cell when the low-melting alloy is brought into contact in the liquid state with the at least one cell or a module assembly of a battery module comprising the at least one cell. Overheating of at least one cell during the production of the energy accumulator can thereby be effectively avoided. Due to this low melting point of the low-melting alloy, the energy accumulator can also be produced in a particularly energy-saving manner, since only a small amount of energy is required during the production process to keep the low-melting alloy in the liquid state for the desired period of time.
According to a further very advantageous embodiment of the invention, it is preferred that the low-melting alloy has a melting point of more than 40 ℃, in particular at least 45 ℃. This has the great advantage that the melting point is therefore outside the typical operating temperature of the energy accumulator or of the at least one cell. Since the operating temperature of the high-voltage battery should ideally not exceed 40 ℃, it is highly advantageous if the melting point of the low-melting alloy is above 40 ℃, in particular above 45 ℃. This ensures that the alloy does not accidentally liquefy again during operation of the energy store.
The low melting point alloy is preferably an indium-based alloy and/or a bismuth-based alloy. Thereby, it is possible to advantageously provide an alloy having a low melting point, the melting point of which is within the above-mentioned desired range. As an alloy, for example, an indium bismuth eutectic alloy can be used, which has a melting point of 72 ℃. An example of a bismuth-based alloy is the so-called wood alloy. The melting point of this wood alloy is also about 70 c, in particular even about 60 c. Other examples are field metals, cerrosafe, cerrolow, etc. However, there are numerous other low melting point alloys, not all listed here, which preferably have a melting point in the range between 40 ℃ and 80 ℃, which can also be used as thermal interface elements.
In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the energy accumulator has a battery housing with a housing base, wherein the housing base forms the temperature control element. A particularly effective temperature control, in particular cooling, of the at least one electrical core can thereby be provided. The housing base is preferably designed with a cooling channel through which a temperature control medium, in particular a cooling liquid, can flow in order to control the temperature of at least one electric core. In this case, the battery housing is preferably a total battery housing in which a plurality of battery modules, each having a plurality of battery cells, are accommodated. The battery housing can also provide individual compartments for the individual battery modules. The individual housing bases assigned to the respective compartment can then be formed as a whole as a temperature control element. The battery housing can also comprise a battery compartment which provides a housing floor and in which at least one battery cell, in particular a plurality of battery modules each having a plurality of battery cells, is arranged.
In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the energy accumulator comprises at least one battery module having a plurality of cells/battery modules comprising at least one cell, wherein the battery modules are arranged in a battery housing and the low-melting alloy is arranged between a module base and a housing base of the battery modules. This is particularly advantageous when the cells comprised by the battery module are configured as prismatic cells. The module bottom can also be formed here at least partially or completely by the respective underside of the cells comprised by the battery module. In this case, the underside of the cell is in direct contact with the low-melting alloy and the bottom of the casing. Alternatively, the battery module may have a battery housing with a module housing bottom, wherein the low-melting alloy directly contacts the module housing bottom on the one hand and the housing bottom of the overall battery housing on the other hand. In this case, the cells inserted into the module housing can likewise be connected to the module housing base via a thermal interface element, as already described above, for example also via a low-melting alloy.
For connecting the battery module to the housing bottom, for example, a low-melting alloy can simply be applied to the housing bottom in the liquid state and the battery module can then be placed on the housing bottom, while the low-melting alloy is still in the liquid state. The alloy thereby ideally adheres to the contours of the housing base and the cell module base and results in 100% wetting of the contact surfaces.
In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the energy accumulator has a plurality of battery modules, each of which has at least one cell, preferably a plurality of cells, wherein the battery modules are arranged in a battery housing, wherein the low-melting alloy is arranged between a respective module base and a housing base of the battery modules. In this way, the energy accumulator can be designed for example as a high-voltage battery in a simple manner and the low-melting alloy can be joined to the housing base, which acts as a temperature-regulating base or cooling base, for the thermal connection of all the battery modules of the energy accumulator. In this case, it is also possible, during the production of the energy accumulator, to first apply a liquid alloy to the housing base and then to place the battery modules simultaneously or in time series on the still liquid low-melting-point alloy. The low-melting alloy can be kept in the liquid state by energy supply, for example. For example, an electromagnetic induction device is particularly suitable for this purpose, which has an induction coil, for example, which can be arranged below the housing bottom and by means of which an electric current, in particular an eddy current, can be induced in a low-melting alloy applied to the opposite side of the housing bottom, by means of which the alloy is heated or held in a heated state such that it is in a liquid state at least until all battery modules are arranged on the low-melting alloy as desired. Because of the low melting point alloy, the energy required to maintain the low melting point alloy in the liquid state during this time is very small.
In order to introduce the low-melting alloy into the gap between the temperature control element and the battery module comprising at least one cell, an injection method may alternatively be used. According to the method, it is preferred that a temperature control element, in particular a battery container with a temperature control base, is first provided, and that the battery module comprising at least one battery cell is first mounted in its intended final position in the battery container. In this case, a small gap remains between the underside of the module and the temperature-control base. Then, a low melting point alloy is injected into the gap by means of an injection device. For this purpose, for example, injection openings or at least one injection opening can also be provided in the tempering base itself. Alternatively, the injection can also be performed from above, that is to say from the side of the battery module. In this case, it is accordingly preferred to configure the injection device such that it keeps the low-melting alloy in the liquid state until injection. For example, the injection device may be implemented with a heating device, or also with an induction coil or the like.
In addition, motor vehicles having an energy accumulator according to the invention or one of its embodiments are also to be considered as belonging to the invention.
The motor vehicle according to the invention is preferably designed as a motor vehicle, in particular as a passenger vehicle or a truck, or as a passenger vehicle or a motorcycle.
The invention further relates to a method for producing an energy accumulator, wherein at least one cell is provided; providing a temperature control element for controlling the temperature of at least one electrical core; providing a thermal interface element; and arranging the cells, the temperature conditioning element, and the thermal interface element such that the thermal interface element is located between at least one of the cells and the temperature conditioning element. Here, the thermal interface element is provided as a low melting point alloy.
The advantages described for the energy accumulator according to the invention and its design apply in the same way to the method according to the invention.
In order to arrange the cells, the temperature control element and the thermal interface element in such a way that the thermal interface element is located between at least one cell and the temperature control element, basically two of the above-described method variants are applicable. For example, the low-melting alloy can be applied to the temperature control element first and then the at least one cell or the battery module comprising the at least one cell can be placed on the low-melting alloy. On the other hand, the injection method described above can also be used, whereby at least one cell is first introduced and mounted in its normal position relative to the temperature control element, and subsequently a low-melting alloy is injected into the gap between the at least one cell and the temperature control element or into the gap between the module comprising the cell and the temperature control element.
Preferably, the low-melting alloy is applied to the temperature control element in liquid form, and subsequently the at least one cell or the battery module comprising the at least one cell is placed on the liquid low-melting alloy. This variant has the advantage that it does not require a complicated designed injection device which keeps the low-melting alloy in the liquid state during the injection process. In order to apply the low-melting alloy to the temperature control element in the liquid state, the low-melting alloy can simply be liquefied beforehand, for example by heating. The alloy can also be heated to a temperature significantly above its melting point, so that the low-melting alloy does not harden rapidly when it comes into contact with the temperature control element. The temperature control element can also be heated slightly, for example, to avoid rapid solidification before the alloy is applied. The above-described sensing means can also be used for this purpose. The induction device can therefore be used not only to keep the alloy in the liquid state in the state of application to the temperature control element, but also, for example, to preheat the temperature control element itself. Alternatively, however, the temperature control element can also be heated in other ways, for example by means of a heating wire, a heating device, or temperature control channels integrated into the temperature control element can be used for flowing a temperature control medium through these temperature control channels in order to heat the temperature control element. This makes it possible to bring the temperature control element to a desired temperature.
In a further very advantageous embodiment of the invention, after the application of the low-melting alloy to the temperature control element, energy is supplied to the alloy, in particular by means of electromagnetic induction, in order to keep the alloy in the liquid state at least until the placement of the at least one cell or battery module. This can be achieved by means of the above-described induction device, which can be arranged, for example, below the temperature control element, i.e. on the side of the temperature control element opposite the application side. The direct contact with the temperature control element does not have to be established by an induction device, for example an induction coil. In this way, the applied alloy can be kept particularly uniformly and effectively at the desired temperature in order to keep the alloy in the liquid state. In general, the induction device can comprise not only one induction coil but also a plurality of induction coils, for example. This is particularly advantageous in temperature control elements of very large area construction. However, many other possibilities are also conceivable for supplying energy to the alloy, for example the possibilities already mentioned above for heating the tempering element.
The invention also comprises modifications of the method according to the invention, which have the features as already described in connection with the modifications of the accumulator according to the invention. For this reason, corresponding modifications of the method according to the invention are not described here.
The invention further relates to a method for disassembling an energy storage device comprising a temperature control element and at least one battery cell arranged thereon, comprising at least one electric core, wherein the at least one battery cell is bonded to the temperature control element by means of a thermal interface element. The thermal interface element is a low-melting alloy, and the low-melting alloy is heated for disassembly, and the at least one battery cell is removed from the temperature control element after the alloy has been heated.
This allows a simple and damage-free disassembly. The advantages described for the energy accumulator according to the invention and its design and for the production method according to the invention and its design apply in the same way to the method for disassembly according to the invention.
The energy accumulator can be designed as described above as an energy accumulator according to the invention or as one of its embodiments. The battery unit may be a single cell or also a composite structure made up of a plurality of cells or a group of cells with a plurality of cells, for example a battery module. The low melting point alloy is preferably heated at least to or above its corresponding melting temperature when heated. The measures already described above in connection with the manufacturing method can similarly be used for heating, for example by means of induction, heat supply or the like. It is therefore preferred that at least one cell is removed from the tempering element while the alloy is in the molten liquid state.
The invention also comprises modifications of the method for disassembly according to the invention, which have the features as already described in connection with the modifications of the energy accumulator according to the invention and of the method for producing an energy accumulator according to the invention. Accordingly, corresponding modifications of the dismounting method according to the invention will not be described here.
The invention also comprises a combination of features of the described embodiments. The invention therefore also includes implementations which accordingly have a combination of features of a plurality of the described implementations, insofar as these implementations are not described as mutually exclusive.
Drawings
Embodiments of the present invention are described below. For this purpose, it is shown that:
fig. 1 shows a schematic illustration of a first method step for producing an energy store according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 shows a schematic representation of a second method step of the production method, according to which a low-melting alloy is introduced into the battery can;
fig. 3 shows a schematic representation of a third method step of the manufacturing method according to which the battery module is placed on a low-melting alloy; and
fig. 4 shows a schematic view of an accumulator according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The examples set forth below are preferred embodiments of the present invention. In the exemplary embodiments, the described parts of the embodiments are in each case individual features of the invention which can be considered independently of one another and which in each case also improve the invention independently of one another. Therefore, the disclosure is intended to cover also combinations of features different from those of the illustrated embodiments. Furthermore, the embodiments can also be supplemented by further features of the invention already described.
In the drawings, like reference numbers indicate functionally similar elements, respectively.
Fig. 1 to 4 show a time sequence of method steps of a production method for producing an energy store 10 (see fig. 4) according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 4 accordingly additionally illustrates an energy store 10 according to this exemplary embodiment of the invention, which is produced by means of this exemplary method.
As shown in fig. 1, in a production method for producing such an energy accumulator 10, a battery housing part 12 in the form of a battery container 12 is first provided in a first step S1. The battery compartment comprises a housing base 14, which at the same time acts as a temperature control element 14. The housing base 14 can, for example, comprise a cooling channel 16 through which a cooling medium, for example a cooling liquid, for example water with additives, can flow. For the sake of clarity, such cooling channels 16 are provided with only one reference numeral in fig. 1 and in the remaining figures, respectively. The battery container 12 is preferably made of a metallic material, but can in principle be made of any material.
In a next step S2 illustrated in fig. 2, the low melting point alloy 18 is now applied as a thermal interface element in the liquid state Z1 onto the cooled bottom 14. In particular, the alloy 18 is applied to a first side 14a of the cooling bottom 14, which is the coated side 14a. The side 14a provides a receiving region for one or more battery modules 20 (see fig. 3). The alloy 18 is applied here by means of a coating device 22. The coating itself is indicated by arrow 24. In order to coat the alloy 18 in the liquid state Z1, the alloy 18 can be heated before the coating 24, in particular to a temperature above its respective melting point. This is preferably between 45 ℃ and 80 ℃. As such a low melting point alloy 18, various materials can be used. An example of this is an indium-based material such as an indium bismuth eutectic alloy that melts at 72 ℃. Bismuth-based alloys wood alloys that melt at about 70 c, especially 60 c, can be used. Since the operating temperature of the high-voltage battery or of the energy accumulator 10 to be produced in this case should ideally not exceed 40 ℃, the temperature range of such an alloy 18 is very well adapted. Therefore, in order to introduce the material, that is to say the alloy 18, into the battery can 12 in the liquid state, the material should be melted beforehand. Here, the battery compartment 12 is oriented substantially horizontally with the application side 14a during the application process illustrated in fig. 2. Whereby a uniform distribution of the liquid alloy 18 can be achieved. Lateral flow is prevented by the housing part 12, i.e. the side wall 12a of the battery compartment 12.
A further method step S3 is shown in fig. 3. Here, two battery modules 20 are inserted into the battery well 12 as an example. In order to keep the low-melting alloy 18 in the liquid state from being applied to the application side 14a of the cooling base 14 until the insertion module 20, the alloy 18 is always kept above its melting point until the battery modules 20 reach their final, predetermined final position in the battery compartment 12, and in particular, for example, until they are screwed or mounted. To this end, heat or energy may be delivered to the alloy 18. This can be achieved by heating the battery well 12 or cooling the bottom 14. Hot air or the like may also be used to heat the alloy 18. However, preferably an induction device 25 is used, which in the present example is illustrated by an induction coil 25, which is arranged below the battery well 12, in particular below the cooling bottom 14. The coil 25 is thus directed towards the second side 14b of the cooling bottom 14, which is opposite to the first side 14a of the cooling bottom 14. An alternating voltage can be applied to the induction device 25, for example the induction coil 25, for heating the alloy 18 or for supplying heat thereto. Thereby inducing an inductive current in the alloy 18 that causes heating of the alloy 18. In order to be able to heat the entire alloy 18 uniformly over the entire bottom surface of the cooling bottom 14, a plurality of such induction coils 25 can also be used. In order to increase the induction efficiency as much as possible, it is preferred that the distance between the induction coil 25 or the induction means 25 and the cooling bottom 14 is minimal. Alternatively, the coil 25 or the induction device 25 may also physically contact the cooling bottom 14. Here, an electrical insulation may also be provided between the induction coil 25 or the induction device 25 and the battery container 12. In order to heat the alloy or to keep the alloy at a temperature above its melting point, advantageously only a small heat energy input is required, since the melting point of the alloy 18 is so low. The alloy 18 can thus be kept in the liquid state Z1 until the insertion of the battery module 20 in a simple and energy-saving manner.
Each battery module 20 has at least one cell 26. In the present example, each module 20 has a plurality of cells 26, which may be arranged alongside one another in the form of a cell stack. For the sake of simplicity, reference numerals are again provided for only one cell 26 per module 20. Furthermore, the battery module 20 may have a module housing 28. The module housing 28 may have different configurations. The module housing can be designed, for example, as a frame only, which encloses or clamps a core stack having a plurality of cells 26. The module underside 30 can also be provided in this case by a corresponding underside 26a of the cells 26. Here, for the sake of clarity, the underside 26a of only one cell 26 per module is provided with a reference numeral. Alternatively, the module housing 28 can also have a separate housing bottom 28a, which then simultaneously provides the module underside 30. In any case, in step S3, such a battery module 20 is first inserted with the module underside 30 into the battery container 12, to be precise, placed on the liquid alloy 18. Since the alloy 18 is still in the liquid state Z1, the module 20 rests perfectly on the alloy and in the final state forms 100% wetting and therefore perfect heat transfer. The battery modules 20 can in particular be inserted into the grooves 12 simultaneously or else can be inserted one after the other in time. The modules 20 are preferably inserted one after the other in time. The module 20 that has been inserted can first be mounted in the groove 12, for example by screwing, before the next module is inserted. During this entire time, the alloy 18 may remain in the liquid state Z1 as described. If all of the modules 20 are inserted into the slots 12 and assembled as specified, the induction coil 24, or induction device in general, may be deactivated and the heating of the alloy 18 terminated accordingly. The alloy 18 is hardened by cooling it below its melting point. This results in the finally provided energy accumulator 10, as is schematically illustrated in fig. 4. In this illustration, alloy 18 is now in the solid state Z2. The hardened alloy 18 has a much higher adhesion than conventional caulks and can therefore withstand mechanical loads, especially significantly higher mechanical loads. In addition, alloy 18 also has a significantly higher thermal conductivity than typical caulks. The cooling of the battery module 20 by the cooling bottom 14 is thereby significantly more effective. Thereby significantly reducing the thermal resistance between the battery module 20 and the cooling bottom 14. Furthermore, this is also due to the significantly improved wettability that can be achieved by using the alloy 18. Therefore, air inclusions can also be minimized. Furthermore, another advantage of this attachment of the low melting point alloy 18 is that the battery module 20 can be disassembled again. When the module 20, for example, which is damaged, is to be removed in an intended manner, the adhesion can be reduced very simply by remelting the low-melting alloy 18, for example, by means of heat input. The alloy 18 then becomes liquid again and the module 20 can be removed from the tank 12 again without damaging the tank 12 or the module 20 itself. This is not possible or is almost rarely achieved with conventional caulks.
Other assembly steps may also be provided. For example, the battery modules 20 may be electrically connected to each other, or other components may be assembled in the battery case 12. Finally, a housing cover, which is not shown in the present case, can also be attached to the housing lower part 12.
The terms "upper", "lower", "above", "below" and the expressions derived therefrom or the like refer here to the conventional assembly position of the groove 12 and in particular of the remaining components of the energy store 10, as they are shown in fig. 1 to 4.
In summary, these examples show how a low melting point alloy can be used by the present invention as a Thermal Interface Material (TIM) in a high pressure accumulator. Preferably, the low melting point alloy used has a melting point significantly below 100 ℃. Some alloys melt at 70 ℃. That is, the material may be applied to the battery can in a liquid state. The cell module was then inserted and 100% wetting of the cell module was achieved. The insertion force is low due to the low viscosity of the melt. In the operating state, the material is in the solid state and therefore permanently connects the battery module to the cooling device. For disassembly, the low-melting alloy can then be melted again in order to remove the module without consuming strong forces and without damage.

Claims (10)

1. Energy accumulator (10) for a motor vehicle, wherein the energy accumulator (10) comprises at least one electric core (26) and a temperature control element (14) for controlling the temperature of the at least one electric core (26), and further comprises a thermal interface element (18) arranged between the at least one electric core (26) and the temperature control element (14),
it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
the thermal interface element (18) is a low melting point alloy (18).
2. The accumulator (10) of claim 1,
it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
the low-melting alloy (18) has a melting point of less than 100 ℃, in particular at most 80 ℃.
3. The accumulator (10) according to any one of the previous claims,
it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
the low-melting alloy (18) has a melting point higher than 40 ℃, in particular at least 45 ℃.
4. The accumulator (10) of any one of the previous claims,
it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
the low melting point alloy (18) is an indium-based alloy (18) and/or a bismuth-based alloy (18).
5. The accumulator (10) of any one of the previous claims,
it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
the energy accumulator (10) has a battery housing (12) with a housing base (14), wherein the housing base (14) is a temperature control element (14).
6. The accumulator (10) of any one of the previous claims,
it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
the energy store (10) comprises at least one battery module (20) having a plurality of cells (26) comprising the at least one cell (26), wherein the battery module (20) is arranged in the battery housing (12) and the low-melting-point alloy (18) is arranged between a module base (30) and a housing base (14) of the battery module (20).
7. A method for manufacturing an energy accumulator (10), the method comprising the steps of:
-providing at least one electric core (26);
-providing a temperature-regulating element (14) for regulating the temperature of the at least one electrical core (26);
-providing a thermal interface element (18);
-arranging the cells (26), the temperature control element (14) and the thermal interface element (18) such that the thermal interface element (18) is located between the at least one cell (26) and the temperature control element (14),
it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
the thermal interface element (18) is provided as a low melting point alloy (18).
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the first and second light sources are selected from the group consisting of,
it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
a liquid (Z1) low-melting alloy (18) is applied to the temperature control element (14), and the at least one cell (26) or a battery module (20) comprising the at least one cell (26) is subsequently placed on the liquid low-melting alloy (18).
9. The method according to claim 7 or 8,
it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
after the low-melting-point alloy (18) has been applied to the temperature control element (14), the alloy (18) is supplied with energy, in particular by means of electromagnetic induction (25), in order to keep the alloy (18) in the liquid state (Z1) at least until the at least one battery cell (26) or the battery module (20) is installed.
10. Method for disassembling an energy storage device (10) comprising a temperature control element (14) and at least one battery cell (16) which is arranged on the temperature control element (14) and comprises at least one electric core (26), wherein the at least one battery cell (16) is bonded to the temperature control element (14) by means of a thermal interface element (18),
it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
the thermal interface element (18) is a low-melting-point alloy (18), the low-melting-point alloy (18) is heated for disassembly, and the at least one battery cell (16) is removed from the temperature control element (14) after heating the alloy (18).
CN202211088768.XA 2021-09-09 2022-09-07 Energy accumulator for a motor vehicle and method for producing and removing an energy accumulator Pending CN115799720A (en)

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