CN115795766B - Steam pipe network simulation calculation method, storage medium and equipment - Google Patents
Steam pipe network simulation calculation method, storage medium and equipment Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a steam pipe network simulation calculation method, a storage medium and equipment, 1, acquiring relevant parameters of a steam pipe network; 2. dividing the pipeline into psi sections according to step length; 3. initializing a parameter xi; 4. according to temperature t ξ And pressure p ξ Calculating the specific volume v of steam ξ And steam enthalpy i ξ The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the 5. Calculating the pressure drop Δp ξ The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the 6. Calculate the total heat dissipation loss q Total xi According to the enthalpy i of the steam ξ And q Total xi Calculating the enthalpy i of steam ξ+1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the 7. Calculation of L ξ End of segment temperature t ξ+1 And specific volume v ξ+1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the 8. Judging whether the value of xi is equal to psi, if so, ending; if not, the value of ζ is added with 1, and the step 4 is entered until the cycle is ended. According to the invention, the steam pipe network is divided into a plurality of units, the calculation parameters of the tail end of the former section of pipeline are used as the calculation parameters of the beginning end of the latter section of pipeline, the errors of average flow velocity and average temperature accumulation are reduced, and the simulation calculation result is closer to reality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a steam pipe network simulation calculation method, a storage medium and equipment.
Background
The steam has the following phenomena in the pipe network conveying process:
first, the state parameters change greatly and with the phase change, condensation and secondary vaporization will occur.
Secondly, the steam is cooled due to heat dissipation of the pipe wall, condensation water is generated along the way, and wet steam is formed.
Third, when the wet steam flows in the pipeline, the state parameter changes greatly, and the state parameter changes with the phase state, when the wet steam passes through a valve with large resistance, the wet steam is throttled in an adiabatic way, the enthalpy value is unchanged, but the pressure is reduced, the volume is expanded, and the wet steam can become saturated steam or superheated steam under the pressure after the throttling.
Fourth, if wet steam appears in the pipe network, the flow of the medium in the pipe network will change radically, and the flow heat transfer process and rule in the pipe network will be more complex. Even for the flow of saturated steam and superheated steam, the density, specific heat and other parameters of the steam change greatly.
In summary, the characteristic of large variation of steam state parameters is one of the main reasons that the steam pipe network is more complex than the hot water pipe network in design and operation management, and accurate calculation of the state parameters of steam in the pipe network conveying process is the basis for performing hydraulic calculation of the steam pipe network.
At present, the hydraulic calculation formula of the steam pipe network does not consider the influence of the compressibility and the state parameter change of steam on the hydraulic calculation result, the hydraulic and thermal analysis of the operation process of the pipe network is mainly based on the experience of design and operation management staff, and larger errors are caused, so that the determination of the pipe diameter and the thickness of the heat preservation layer of the steam pipe network is seriously influenced, wherein the hydraulic calculation and the thermal calculation are respectively carried out: the hydraulic calculation is mainly performed by manually checking a hydraulic calculation chart to perform approximate calculation; the thermodynamic calculation is only to observe the heat loss of the pipe network and the state parameters of each point, the pressure drop caused by the heat loss is not considered, the calculation efficiency is low, and a plurality of schemes are difficult to accurately calculate, so that the generated error is particularly large, and the design calculation level of the steam pipe network is low.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a steam pipe network simulation calculation method, a storage medium and equipment, and provides a steam pipe network hydraulic and thermal calculation method aiming at steam pipe network pressure loss and temperature drop loss, so that the accuracy of steam pipe network hydraulic and thermal calculation is improved, and an accurate and reliable theoretical basis is provided for large steam pipe network simulation design calculation and operation scheduling.
In order to achieve the technical purpose and the technical effect, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a steam pipe network simulation calculation method comprises the following steps:
step 1, obtaining relevant parameters of a steam pipe network, including pipeline specification, pipeline conveying flow and temperature t of steam at the beginning end of a pipeline 1 And pressure p 1 A total expansion length L of the pipeline including the accessory length, a wind speed eta of the steam pipeline and an ambient temperature t a Parameters of the pipeline heat-insulating structure;
step 2, setting a pipeline dividing step tau, dividing the pipeline into psi sections according to the step tau, and respectively marking the psi sections as L 1 Segment, L 2 Segment … … L ψ A segment, wherein 1 To the L th ψ-1 The pipe length of the section is tau, L ψ The length of the pipeline of the section is less than or equal to tau;
step 3, initializing parameters xi=1;
step 4, according to L ξ Temperature t of steam at the beginning of the section pipe ξ And pressure p ξ Calculation of L by IAPWS-IF97 equation ξ Specific volume v of steam at beginning end of section pipeline ξ And initial steam enthalpy i ξ ；
Step 5, calculating the L ξ Pressure drop Δp at segment pipe ends ξ ，L ξ The pressure at the end is the L ξ+1 Pressure p at the beginning of the section pipe ξ+1 ，p ξ+1 ＝p ξ -Δp ξ ；
Step 6, calculating the L ξ Total heat dissipation loss q of segment pipeline Total xi According to L ξ Heat enthalpy i of steam at beginning of section pipeline ξ And total heat dissipation loss q of pipeline Total xi Calculate the L < th) ξ Enthalpy i of steam at the end ξ+1 ；
Step 7, according to L ξ Pressure p at the end of the segment ξ+1 And steam enthalpy i ξ+1 Calculation of L by IAPWS-IF97 equation ξ End of segment temperature t ξ+1 And specific volume v ξ+1 ；
Step 8, judging whether the value of xi is equal to psi, if so, ending; if not, the value of ζ is added with 1, and the step 4 is entered until the cycle is ended.
Preferably, in step 5, the L < th > is calculated ξ Pressure drop Δp at segment pipe ends ξ The method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 501, according to L ξ Segment pipe delivery flow rate Q ξ And pipe diameter d ξ Calculating the flow velocity w of the medium in the pipeline ξ ：
Wherein, v is the average specific volume of the steam in the pipeline, m 3 kg/L ξ Specific volume v of steam at beginning end of section pipeline ξ ；
Step 502, calculate the L ξ Total drag coefficient phi of segment pipe ξ ：
Wherein lambda is ξ Is L th ξ Segment pipe coefficient of friction; l is the total unfolding length of the pipeline including the accessory length; ld (Ld) ξ Is L th ξ The local resistance loss equivalent length of the section pipeline;
step 503, calculate L ξ Segment conduit pressure drop Δp ξ ：
If the pipeline adopts a rotary compensator, then:
when the flow rate of the medium in the pipeline is less than or equal to 10 m/s:
when the medium flow rate in the pipeline is greater than 10 m/s:
if the pipe employs a non-rotating compensator, then:
wherein ρ is ξ To average density of the medium, H 1 、H 2 Respectively is L th ξ Elevation of the start point and the end point of the section pipeline.
Preferably Ld ξ The value is taken according to the thermal compensation mode adopted by the pipeline:
for natural compensation form, ld ξ ＝0.4L；
For the compensation form of corrugated pipe, ld ξ ＝0.1L。
Preferably, in step 6, the L < th > is calculated ξ Total heat dissipation loss q of segment pipeline Total xi The method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 601, calculate L ξ Heat dissipation loss q of segment pipeline unit 1ξ
Wherein t is 1ξ Is L th ξ The temperature of the outer surface of the section pipe t aξ Is L th ξ Ambient temperature lambda of section pipeline iξ Is L th ξ Thermal conductivity coefficient of i-th layer heat insulation material of section pipeline, D iξ Is L th ξ The outer diameter of the i-th heat-insulating layer of the section pipeline, D nξ Is L th ξ The outer diameter of the heat insulation layer of the outermost layer of the section pipeline, n is L ξ The number of heat preservation layers of the pipeline is gradually increased from inside to outside, alpha ξ The heat exchange coefficient between the outer surface of the heat-insulating layer and the atmosphere;
step 602, calculate L ξ Total heat dissipation loss q of segment pipeline Total xi ：
q Total xi ＝(q 1ξ +q 2ξ -q 3ξ +q 4ξ )*τ
Wherein q is 2ξ Increased heat dissipation loss for heat insulation pipe brackets, q 3ξ Is L th ξ The heat dissipation loss is reduced after the cape and the reflecting layer are arranged at the top of the section pipeline heat insulation structure, q 4ξ Heat dissipation loss increased for construction coefficients and operational years of the project;
step 603, according to L ξ Heat enthalpy i of steam at beginning of section pipeline ξ And total heat dissipation loss q of pipeline Total xi Calculate the L < th) ξ Section pipeline end steam enthalpy i ξ+1
Preferably, the step 601 specifically includes the following steps:
a) Initializing L ξ Heat conduction coefficient lambda of ith layer of heat insulation material of section pipeline iξ Is a value of (2);
b) According to the present L ξ Heat conduction coefficient lambda of ith layer of heat insulation material of section pipeline iξ Calculating to obtain the L < th > ξ Heat dissipation loss q of segment pipeline unit 1ξ ；
C) According to L ξ Heat dissipation loss q of segment pipeline unit 1ξ Calculation of L ξ Temperature drop value of section pipeline i layer heat insulation material:
wherein t is (i-1)ξ Is L th ξ The temperature inside the ith heat preservation layer of the section pipeline, t iξ Is L th ξ The temperature outside the i-th layer heat-insulating layer of the section pipeline;
d) According to L ξ Average temperature T of ith heat-insulating layer of section pipeline iξ Calculation of L ξ Heat conduction coefficient lambda of ith layer of heat insulation material of section pipeline iξ Wherein the L < th > is ξ Average temperature T of ith heat-insulating layer of section pipeline iξ Equal to (t) (i-1)ξ +t iξ )/2；
E) Comparing lambda calculated in step D iξ And the current L in step B ξ Heat conduction system of section pipeline ith layer heat insulation materialNumber lambda iξ And D, if the difference is smaller than the set threshold value, calculating the L in the step B ξ Heat dissipation loss q of segment pipeline unit 1ξ As final value, otherwise, lambda calculated in step D iξ As the current L ξ Heat conduction coefficient lambda of ith layer of heat insulation material of section pipeline iξ Step B is entered.
Preferably, in step D:
one) if L ξ The i-th layer of heat insulation material of the section pipeline is high-temperature glass wool, and then:
λ iξ ＝0.0289+1.29*10 -4 T iξ -8.173*10 -8 T iξ 2 +7.762*10 -10 T iξ 3
second) if L ξ The i-th layer of heat insulation material of the section pipeline is a high-temperature heat insulation lining, and then:
λ iξ ＝1.000×10 -7 T iξ 2 +1.010×10 -4 T iξ +2.965×10 -2
third) if L ξ The ith layer of heat insulation material of the section pipeline is aerogel heat insulation felt, and then:
λ iξ ＝-1.309×10 -10 T iξ 3 +2.205×10 -7 T iξ 2 -1.564×10 -5 T iξ +2.098×10 -2
fourth) if L ξ The i-th layer of the section pipeline is made of aluminum silicate cotton, and then:
when T is iξ Lambda is not more than 400 DEG C iξ ＝λ ν +0.0002(T iξ -70)
When T is iξ >Lambda at 400 DEG C iξ ＝λ ν +0.066+0.00036(T iξ -400)
Wherein lambda is ν Is a constant;
fifth) if L ξ The i-th layer of the section pipeline is made of calcium silicate, and the following steps are:
λ iξ ＝λ 0 +0.00011*(T iξ -70)
wherein lambda is 0 Silicic acid at 70 DEG CThermal conductivity value of calcium;
sixth) if L ξ The ith layer of heat insulation material of the section pipeline is foam glass, and then:
when T is iξ >24 hours: lambda (lambda) iξ ＝λ ε +0.00022*(T iξ -24)
When T is iξ And (3) when the temperature is less than or equal to 24: lambda (lambda) iξ ＝λ ε +0.00011*(T iξ -24)
Wherein lambda is ε The thermal conductivity value of the foam glass at 24 ℃;
seventh) if L ξ The i-th layer of heat-insulating material of the section pipeline is a multi-cavity ceramic composite heat-insulating felt, and the following steps are:
λ iξ ＝0.031+0.0000925(T iξ -70)
eighth) if L ξ The ith layer of heat insulation material of the section pipeline is polyurethane, and then:
λ iξ ＝0.02187-1.32816×10 -5 T iξ +3.50273×10 -7 T iξ 2 +1.26723×10 -7 T iξ 3 -1.8845×10 -9 T iξ 4 -1.17859×10 -10 T iξ 5 +3.05622×10 -12 T iξ 6 +2.3665×10 -14 T iξ 7 -1.15516×10 -15 T iξ 8 +7.84772×10 -18 T iξ 9 。
preferably, the method also comprises a step 604, according to the L < th > ξ Section pipe end pressure p ξ+1 And steam enthalpy i ξ+1 Calculate dryness χ ξ ：
Wherein i' ξ+1 Is the saturated water enthalpy value, i ξ+1 "is the enthalpy of dry saturated steam;
preferably, in step 602, q 2ξ ＝ιq 1ξ 、q 3ξ ＝βq 1ξ ，q 4ξ ＝ζq 1ξ Wherein, iota is more than or equal to 5 percent and less than or equal to 15 percent, beta is more than or equal to 5 percent and less than or equal to 15 percent, zeta is more than or equal to 10 percent and less than or equal to 20 percent.
Correspondingly, a computer readable storage medium stores at least one instruction, and the at least one instruction is loaded and executed by a processor to implement the steam pipe network simulation calculation method according to any one of the above.
Correspondingly, the computer equipment comprises a processor and a memory, wherein at least one instruction is stored in the memory, and the instruction is loaded and executed by the processor to realize the steam pipe network simulation calculation method according to any one of the above.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the first, existing steam pipe network pressure drop calculation scheme adopts the average flow rate to calculate the pressure drop, for example, the single-line pipeline is overlong, and the error accumulated by the average flow rate is larger; the average temperature of the starting point and the end point is used as the medium temperature of the pipeline, and the error is larger than that in the actual operation. According to the invention, the steam pipe network is divided into a plurality of units, the calculation parameters of the tail end of the former section of pipeline are used as the calculation parameters of the beginning end of the latter section of pipeline, the errors of average flow velocity and average temperature accumulation are reduced, and the simulation calculation result is closer to reality.
The specific volume of the invention is closer to the true value, and the calculation considers the specific volume upsilon of the steam ξ This parameter, the specific volume v of the steam per step ξ The method is changed, namely, the compressibility of steam is considered, so that calculation errors are greatly reduced, hydraulic thermal coupling can be realized, the influence of heat dissipation loss on pressure change is increased, and the calculation errors are reduced.
Thirdly, the heat loss of the heat-preserving pipeline can be calculated through modeling of the heat-preserving layers, the heat-preserving coefficients of the materials of each layer, the environmental temperature, the wind speed, the flow and other key parameters, and then the parameters of the temperature, the pressure, the enthalpy, the entropy, the dryness, the specific volume, the superheat degree and the like of each point in the pipeline are calculated through the enthalpy values, the temperatures and the pressures of the two ends of the pipeline, so that the simulation of the interior of the heat supply network is completed. Compared with the traditional calculation analysis method, the setting and calculation tool in the steam heat supply network simulation greatly reduces the requirements on engineers, and design engineers without heat supply network professions and numerical calculation knowledge background can quickly master and use the steam heat supply network simulation, the whole design process is quick and efficient, the model can be repeatedly utilized, and the modeling efficiency is improved. By comparing with the field test value, the simulation result is basically identical, and the invention has higher simulation accuracy, can be used for guiding engineering design work and improves research and development efficiency.
Fourth, the temperature drop of each layer of heat insulation material pipeline is estimated in the traditional calculation, but the invention calculates to obtain a specific temperature drop value, covers the heat dissipation loss calculation of the buried and overhead laying modes, selects a corresponding heat conductivity coefficient calculation formula according to the type of the heat insulation material, and can calculate the heat conductivity coefficient attenuation change in real time, thereby freely calculating the temperature drop specific value of each layer of heat insulation material according to the material, the layer number and the thickness of the heat insulation material pipeline.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is the L-th embodiment of the present invention ξ Pipe diameter d of section pipe ξ And coefficient of friction lambda of the pipe ξ Is a schematic of the relationship;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a software emulation computing interface in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a case III, where the 1# high pressure pipeline is compared to the prior art calculation error using the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a case III, medium pressure line # 1 using the present invention in comparison to prior art calculation errors;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a case III, 2# medium pressure pipeline using the present invention in comparison to prior art calculation errors;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a case III where the 1# low pressure pipeline is compared with the prior art calculation error using the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the calculation error of the 2# low pressure pipeline in case three compared with the prior art by using the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples, so that those skilled in the art can better understand the present invention and implement it, but the examples are not limited thereto.
A steam pipe network simulation calculation method comprises the following steps:
step 1, obtaining relevant parameters of a steam pipe network, including pipeline specification, pipeline conveying flow and temperature t of steam at the beginning end of a pipeline 1 And pressure p 1 A total expansion length L of the pipeline including the accessory length, a wind speed eta of the steam pipeline and an ambient temperature t a Parameters of the pipeline heat-insulating structure.
Step 2, setting a pipeline dividing step tau, dividing the pipeline into psi sections according to the step tau, and respectively marking the psi sections as L 1 Segment, L 2 Segment … … L ψ A segment, wherein 1 To the L th ψ-1 The pipe length of the section is tau, L ψ The length of the pipeline of the section is less than or equal to tau. The invention divides the long straight pipeline into a plurality of units, takes the calculation parameter of the tail end of the former section of pipeline as the calculation parameter of the start end of the latter section of pipeline, for example, the length of the steam pipeline is 1508m, and the steam pipeline can be divided into 1508 segments which are respectively L1, L2 and L3. When divided by 100m, the steam pipe may be divided into 16 sections, L1, L2, L3..l 16, respectively, wherein the L1, L2, L3..l 15 step size is 100m and the L16 step size is 8m. In calculation, knowing that the temperature of the starting point of the L1 section is t1 and the pressure is p1, calculating to obtain the temperature of the tail end of the L1 section is t2 and the pressure is p2, and the temperature t2 and the pressure p2 are the temperature and the pressure of the starting point of the L2 section, and the like until the parameters such as the temperature, the pressure, the dryness and the like of the tail end of the steam pipeline are obtained, so that the errors of average flow velocity and average temperature accumulation in the conventional calculation can be effectively reduced. The specific volume is closer to the true value, and the calculation considers the specific volume v of the steam ξ This parameter, the specific volume v of the steam per step ξ Are all of a variety of different types of materials,the invention considers the compressibility of steam, greatly reduces calculation error, can realize hydraulic power and thermal coupling, increases the influence of heat dissipation loss on pressure change, and reduces calculation error.
Step 3, initializing parameter ζ=1, namely, performing operation from the beginning of the pipeline.
Step 4, according to L ξ Temperature t of steam at the beginning of the section pipe ξ And pressure p ξ Calculation of L by IAPWS-IF97 equation ξ Specific volume v of steam at beginning end of section pipeline ξ And initial steam enthalpy i ξ . In the invention, a hydraulic calculation model of the heat supply network adopts an industrial calculation formula 1997 (IAPWS-IF 97 for short) of International society of water and steam properties to complete the calculation analysis of the superheated saturated steam in the running process of the pipeline network. The analysis determines different intervals and series of calculation formulas by selecting the temperature and pressure ranges of the superheated saturated steam. After this interval is selected, all other state parameters (including enthalpy, entropy, dryness, specific volume, superheat, etc., this is the prior art and will not be described here in detail) of the steam under this condition will be obtained by means of a model. And according to the feedback parameters, calculating the water vapor parameters of any point on the outlet pipe by combining the enthalpy loss under the environmental conditions.
Step 5, calculating the L ξ Pressure drop Δp at segment pipe ends ξ ，L ξ The pressure at the end is the L ξ+1 Pressure p at the beginning of the section pipe ξ+1 ，p ξ+1 ＝p ξ -Δp ξ The Δp can be calculated by the prior art ξ The improved algorithm of the invention can also be adopted for calculation, and specifically comprises the following steps:
step 501, according to L ξ Segment pipe delivery flow rate Q ξ And pipe diameter d ξ Calculating the flow velocity w of the medium in the pipeline ξ ：
Wherein, v is the average specific volume of the steam in the pipeline, m 3 kg/L ξ Specific volume v of steam at beginning end of section pipeline ξ ；
Step 502, calculate the L ξ Total drag coefficient phi of segment pipe ξ ：
Wherein lambda is ξ Is L th ξ Segment pipe coefficient of friction; l is the total unfolding length of the pipeline including the accessory length; ld (Ld) ξ Is L th ξ The equivalent length of the local resistance loss of the segment pipeline, wherein ξ Pipe diameter d of section pipe ξ And coefficient of friction lambda of the pipe ξ The relationship of (2) is shown in FIG. 1.
Step 503, calculate L ξ Segment conduit pressure drop Δp ξ ：
The total resistance loss of the pipeline caused by the medium flowing in the pipeline comprises three parts, namely the friction resistance loss of the straight pipe section, the local resistance loss of the pipe fitting component and the static pressure difference of the pipeline medium, wherein the friction resistance and the local resistance of the pipeline have a safety margin of 1.15, and the total resistance loss can be calculated according to the following formula in the prior art:
the invention adopts different algorithms and corrections for different thermal compensation forms and flow rates:
if the pipeline adopts a rotary compensator, then:
when the medium flow rate in the pipeline is less than or equal to 10m/s, the steam medium density rho is considered ξ Very small, 10ρ ξ (H 2 -H 1 ) Negligible:
when the medium flow rate in the pipeline is more than 10m/s, the above formula is modified:
if the pipe employs a non-rotating compensator, then:
wherein ρ is ξ To average density of the medium, H 1 、H 2 Respectively is L th ξ Elevation of the start point and the end point of the section pipeline.
Generally, ld ξ The value is taken according to the thermal compensation mode adopted by the pipeline:
for natural compensation form, ld ξ ＝0.4L；
For the compensation form of corrugated pipe, ld ξ ＝0.1L。
Step 6, calculating the L ξ Total heat dissipation loss q of segment pipeline Total xi According to L ξ Heat enthalpy i of steam at beginning of section pipeline ξ And total heat dissipation loss q of pipeline Total xi Calculate the L < th) ξ Enthalpy i of steam at the end ξ+1 The method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 601, calculate L ξ Heat dissipation loss q of segment pipeline unit 1ξ
Wherein t is 1ξ Is L th ξ The temperature of the outer surface of the section pipe t aξ Is L th ξ Ambient temperature lambda of section pipeline iξ Is L th ξ Thermal conductivity coefficient of i-th layer heat insulation material of section pipeline, D iξ Is L th ξ The outer diameter of the i-th heat-insulating layer of the section pipeline, D nξ Is L th ξ The outer diameter of the heat insulation layer of the outermost layer of the section pipeline, n is L ξ The number of heat preservation layers of the pipeline is gradually increased from inside to outside, alpha ξ Is the heat exchange coefficient between the outer surface of the heat-insulating layer and the atmosphere。
Step 602, calculate L ξ Total heat dissipation loss q of segment pipeline Total xi ：
q Total xi ＝(q 1ξ +q 2ξ -q 3ξ +q 4ξ )*τ
Wherein q is 2ξ Increased heat dissipation loss for heat insulation pipe brackets, q 3ξ Is L th ξ The heat dissipation loss is reduced after the cape and the reflecting layer are arranged at the top of the section pipeline heat insulation structure, q 4ξ And the heat dissipation loss is increased for the construction coefficient and the operation life of the project.
Generally, q 2ξ ＝ιq 1ξ 、q 3ξ ＝βq 1ξ ，q 4ξ ＝ζq 1ξ Wherein, iota is more than or equal to 5 percent and less than or equal to 15 percent, beta is more than or equal to 5 percent and less than or equal to 15 percent, zeta is more than or equal to 10 percent and less than or equal to 20 percent, namely the heat dissipation loss increased by the heat insulation pipe bracket is calculated according to 5 percent to 15 percent of the heat dissipation loss of the pipeline unit; according to the heat supply network engineering operation experience and the heat supply network experimental base experimental data of my department, through related calculation, after the cape is arranged at the top of the heat preservation structure and the reflecting layer is arranged, the heat dissipation loss can be reduced, the heat insulation effect is improved, and the heat dissipation loss can be calculated according to the unit of reduction by 5% -15%; according to the operation years of the on-site projects, the operation experience of our department on the heat supply network engineering is combined, and the heat dissipation loss increased by the construction coefficient and the operation years is calculated according to 10% -20% of the heat dissipation loss of the pipeline unit.
Step 603, according to L ξ Heat enthalpy i of steam at beginning of section pipeline ξ And total heat dissipation loss q of pipeline Total xi Calculate the L < th) ξ Section pipeline end steam enthalpy i ξ+1
In step 601, in order to increase the measurement of the heat dissipation loss of the steam pipe network, preferably, a heat conductivity coefficient is assumed in the first calculation, then a unit heat dissipation loss is calculated, then a temperature drop is obtained according to the unit heat dissipation loss, a new heat conductivity coefficient is calculated through the temperature drop, then the new heat conductivity coefficient is compared with the previous heat conductivity coefficient, and the difference value is circulated again when the difference value is not within the error range, until the difference value is within the error range, specifically:
a) Initializing L ξ Heat conduction coefficient lambda of ith layer of heat insulation material of section pipeline iξ Is a value of (2);
b) According to the present L ξ Heat conduction coefficient lambda of ith layer of heat insulation material of section pipeline iξ Calculating to obtain the L < th > ξ Heat dissipation loss q of segment pipeline unit 1ξ ；
C) According to L ξ Heat dissipation loss q of segment pipeline unit 1ξ Calculation of L ξ Temperature drop value of section pipeline i layer heat insulation material:
wherein t is (i-1)ξ Is L th ξ The temperature inside the ith heat preservation layer of the section pipeline, t iξ Is L th ξ The temperature outside the i-th layer heat-insulating layer of the section pipeline;
d) According to L ξ Average temperature T of ith heat-insulating layer of section pipeline iξ Calculation of L ξ Heat conduction coefficient lambda of ith layer of heat insulation material of section pipeline iξ Wherein the L < th > is ξ Average temperature T of ith heat-insulating layer of section pipeline iξ Equal to (t) (i-1)ξ +t iξ )/2；
E) Comparing lambda calculated in step D iξ And the current L in step B ξ Heat conduction coefficient lambda of ith layer of heat insulation material of section pipeline iξ And D, if the difference is smaller than the set threshold value, calculating the L in the step B ξ Heat dissipation loss q of segment pipeline unit 1ξ As final value, otherwise, lambda calculated in step D iξ As the current L ξ Heat conduction coefficient lambda of ith layer of heat insulation material of section pipeline iξ Step B is entered.
Since the thermal conductivity is inherently small, typically two bits after the decimal point, and we typically iterate two to three times substantially four bits after the decimal point, the threshold may be set to an error of one percent.
Preferably, in step D:
one) if L ξ The i-th layer of heat insulation material of the section pipeline is high-temperature glass wool, and then:
λ iξ ＝0.0289+1.29*10 -4 T iξ -8.173*10 -8 T iξ 2 +7.762*10 -10 T iξ 3
second) if L ξ The i-th layer of heat insulation material of the section pipeline is a high-temperature heat insulation lining, and then:
λ iξ ＝1.000×10 -7 T iξ 2 +1.010×10 -4 T iξ +2.965×10 -2
third) if L ξ The ith layer of heat insulation material of the section pipeline is aerogel heat insulation felt, and then:
λ iξ ＝-1.309×10 -10 T iξ 3 +2.205×10 -7 T iξ 2 -1.564×10 -5 T iξ +2.098×10 -2
fourth) if L ξ The i-th layer of the section pipeline is made of aluminum silicate cotton, and then:
when T is iξ Lambda is not more than 400 DEG C iξ ＝λ ν +0.0002(T iξ -70)
When T is iξ >Lambda at 400 DEG C iξ ＝λ ν +0.066+0.00036(T iξ -400)
Wherein lambda is ν Is a constant;
fifth) if L ξ The i-th layer of the section pipeline is made of calcium silicate, and the following steps are:
λ iξ ＝λ 0 +0.00011*(T iξ -70)
wherein lambda is 0 Is the heat conductivity value of calcium silicate at 70 ℃;
sixth) if L ξ The ith layer of heat insulation material of the section pipeline is foam glass, and then:
when T is iξ >24 hours: lambda (lambda) iξ ＝λ ε +0.00022*(T iξ -24)
When T is iξ And (3) when the temperature is less than or equal to 24: lambda (lambda) iξ ＝λ ε +0.00011*(T iξ -24)
Wherein lambda is ε The thermal conductivity value of the foam glass at 24 ℃;
seventh) if L ξ The i-th layer of heat-insulating material of the section pipeline is a multi-cavity ceramic composite heat-insulating felt, and the following steps are:
λ iξ ＝0.031+0.0000925(T iξ -70)
eighth) if L ξ The ith layer of heat insulation material of the section pipeline is polyurethane, and then:
λ iξ ＝0.02187-1.32816×10 -5 T iξ +3.50273×10 -7 T iξ 2 +1.26723×10 -7 T iξ 3 -1.8845×10 -9 T iξ 4 -1.17859×10 -10 T iξ 5 +3.05622×10 -12 T iξ 6 +2.3665×10 -14 T iξ 7 -1.15516×10 -15 T iξ 8 +7.84772×10 -18 T iξ 9 。
the temperature drop of each layer of heat insulation material pipeline is estimated in the traditional calculation, the invention calculates a specific temperature drop value, covers the heat dissipation loss calculation of a buried and overhead laying mode, selects a corresponding heat conductivity coefficient calculation formula according to the type of the heat insulation material, can calculate the attenuation change of the heat conductivity coefficient in real time, and further can freely calculate the specific temperature drop value of each layer of heat insulation material according to the material, the layer number and the thickness of the heat insulation material of the pipeline.
Step 7, according to L ξ Pressure p at the end of the segment ξ+1 And steam enthalpy i ξ+1 Calculation of L by IAPWS-IF97 equation ξ End of segment temperature t ξ+1 And specific volume v ξ+1 ；
Step 8, judging whether the value of xi is equal to psi, if so, ending; if not, the value of ζ is added with 1, and the step 4 is entered until the cycle is ended.
In addition, due to the dryness χ of the partial steam heat supply network ξ Simulation, therefore, it is preferred that the present invention further includes step 604, according to L < th ] ξ Section pipe end pressure p ξ+1 And steam enthalpy i ξ+1 Calculate dryness χ ξ ：
Wherein i' ξ+1 Is the saturated water enthalpy value, i ξ+1 "is the enthalpy of dry saturated steam;
the heat loss of the heat-insulating pipeline can be calculated through modeling of the heat-insulating layer number, the heat-insulating coefficient of each layer of material, the environmental temperature, the wind speed, the flow and other key parameters, and then the parameters such as the temperature, the pressure, the enthalpy, the entropy, the dryness, the specific volume, the superheat degree and the like of each point in the pipeline are calculated through the enthalpy values, the temperature and the pressure at the two ends of the pipeline, so that the simulation of the interior of the heat supply network is completed. Compared with the traditional calculation analysis method, the setting and calculation tool in the steam heat supply network simulation greatly reduces the requirements on engineers, and design engineers without heat supply network professions and numerical calculation knowledge background can quickly master and use the steam heat supply network simulation, the whole design process is quick and efficient, the model can be repeatedly utilized, and the modeling efficiency is improved. By comparing with the field test value, the simulation result is basically identical, and the invention has higher simulation accuracy, can be used for guiding engineering design work and improves research and development efficiency.
Correspondingly, a computer readable storage medium stores at least one instruction, and the at least one instruction is loaded and executed by a processor to implement the steam pipe network simulation calculation method according to any one of the above.
Correspondingly, the computer equipment comprises a processor and a memory, wherein at least one instruction is stored in the memory, and the instruction is loaded and executed by the processor to realize the steam pipe network simulation calculation method according to any one of the above.
The following describes the simulation effect in combination with two practical cases:
case one
1.1 calculation of raw conditions
Piping calculates the original conditions:
pipeline specification: phi 1120 x 20;
pipeline delivery flow: 500t/h;
start point a (heat source) sends out steam parameters: p1=2.67 mpa, t1=260 ℃;
tubing deployment length l=52800 m;
the heat preservation structure comprises: 40mm aluminum silicate +4 x 40mm glass wool +2 layers 40mm glass wool cape.
1.2 calculation results
Steam parameters of the point B (user point) of the terminal are 2.06MPa,215 ℃ and dryness of the terminal is 0.988;
the steam pressure parameter of the point B (user point) of the normal calculation terminal is 1.67MPa, the corrected result is 2.06MPa, and the case-software simulation calculation interface screenshot is shown in figure 2 (step length is 1 m), so that the method is more in line with the actual operation result.
Case two (with branch)
2.1 calculation of raw conditions
The A-B piping calculates the original conditions:
pipeline specification: phi 530 x 10;
pipeline delivery flow: 243t/h;
start point a (heat source) sends out steam parameters: p (P) 1 ＝1.5MPa(G)，t 1 ＝200℃；
The pipe deployment length l=1430 m;
the heat preservation structure comprises: 5 x 40mm glass wool +2 layers 40mm glass wool cape.
The B-C piping calculates the original conditions:
pipeline specification: phi 330 x 10;
pipeline delivery flow: 243t/h;
the steam parameters sent out by the starting end point B (heat source) are the steam parameters sent out by the tail end of the point A (heat source);
the pipe deployment length l=910 m;
the heat preservation structure comprises: 5 x 40mm glass wool +2 layers 40mm glass wool cape.
2.2 calculation results
Steam parameters of a terminal point C (user point) are 1.13MPa,189 ℃, and the dryness is 1;
the steam pressure parameter of the point C (user point) of the normal calculation terminal is 1.11MPa, and the corrected result is 1.13MPa, so that the method is more in line with the actual operation result.
Case three
Project laid two high pressure pipelines of DN350, design parameters: 420 ℃,11.8MPa and 3.4KM; two medium pressure lines: DN500, design parameters: 420 ℃,4.55MPa,3.4KM; two low pressure lines: DN600, design parameters: 300 ℃,1.65MPa,3.4KM;
wherein:
the heat insulation structure of the 3.1 and 1# high-pressure pipelines is as follows: 2 x 40mm aluminum silicate +2 x 40mm glass wool +1 layer 240 ° glass wool cape +1 layer 150 ° cape; starting point parameters: a graph of calculated errors using the present invention versus the prior art at 360℃at 10.1MPa,115t/h is shown in FIG. 3.
The heat insulation structure of the 3.2 and 1# medium-pressure pipelines is as follows: 2 x 50mm aluminum silicate +2 x 40mm glass wool +1 layer 240 ° glass wool cape +1 layer 150 ° cape; starting point parameters: a comparison of the calculated error of the present invention with the prior art at 406.4℃at 3.98MPa at 108.7t/h is shown in FIG. 4.
The heat insulation structure of the 3.3 and 2# medium pressure pipelines is as follows: 2 x 50mm aluminum silicate +2 x 40mm glass wool +1 layer 240 ° glass wool cape +1 layer 150 ° cape; starting point parameters: a comparison of 398.1℃at 3.96MPa and 132.4t/h with the calculated error of the prior art using the present invention is shown in FIG. 5.
3.4, the insulation construction of 1# low pressure pipeline is: 2 x 50mm aluminum silicate +2 x 40mm glass wool +1 layer 240 ° glass wool cape +1 layer 150 ° cape; starting point parameters: a graph of calculated errors using the present invention versus the prior art is shown in FIG. 6 at 283.3C, 1.46MPa,62.2 t/h.
The heat insulation structure of the 3.5 # and 2# low-pressure pipelines is as follows: 2 x 50mm aluminum silicate +2 x 40mm glass wool +1 layer 240 ° glass wool cape +1 layer 150 ° cape; starting point parameters: a graph of the calculated error using the present invention versus the prior art is shown in FIG. 7 at 276.8C, 1.43MPa,121.2 t/h.
The description is as follows: in the application of heat supply network design engineering, accurate modeling and boundary condition description are quite difficult, so that when errors of simulation results and measured results are kept within a certain range, the results are satisfactory. In the application example, the temperature deviation of the field actual measured value and the simulation calculated value is within the allowable value range, so that the consistent acceptance of the testers is obtained. The method is suitable for hydraulic power and thermal power calculation of high, medium and low pressure steam, and can calculate and simulate the running state of the pipeline under various working conditions to guide design work, thereby providing accurate and reliable theoretical basis for simulation design calculation and running scheduling of a large steam pipe network.
The foregoing description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, but rather is intended to cover any equivalents of the structures disclosed herein or modifications in equivalent processes, or any application, directly or indirectly, within the scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. The steam pipe network simulation calculation method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, obtaining relevant parameters of a steam pipe network, including pipeline specification, pipeline conveying flow and temperature t of steam at the beginning end of a pipeline 1 And pressure p 1 A total expansion length L of the pipeline including the accessory length, a wind speed eta of the steam pipeline and an ambient temperature t a Parameters of the pipeline heat-insulating structure;
step 2, setting a pipeline dividing step tau, dividing the pipeline into psi sections according to the step tau, and respectively marking the psi sections as L 1 Segment, L 2 Segment … … L ψ A segment, wherein 1 To the L th ψ-1 The pipe length of the section is tau, L ψ The length of the pipeline of the section is less than or equal to tau;
step 3, initializing parameters xi=1;
step 4, according to L ξ Temperature t of steam at the beginning of the section pipe ξ And pressure p ξ Calculation of L by IAPWS-IF97 equation ξ Specific volume v of steam at beginning end of section pipeline ξ And initial steam enthalpy i ξ ；
Step 5, calculating the L ξ Pressure drop Δp at segment pipe ends ξ ，L ξ The pressure at the end is the L ξ+1 Pressure p at the beginning of the section pipe ξ+1 ，p ξ+1 ＝p ξ -Δp ξ ；
Step 6, calculating the L ξ Total heat dissipation loss q of segment pipeline Total xi According to L ξ Heat enthalpy i of steam at beginning of section pipeline ξ And total heat dissipation loss q of pipeline Total xi Calculate the L < th) ξ Enthalpy i of steam at the end ξ+1 ；
Step 7, according to L ξ Pressure p at the end of the segment ξ+1 And steam enthalpy i ξ+1 Calculation of L by IAPWS-IF97 equation ξ End of segment temperature t ξ+1 And specific volume v ξ+1 ；
Step 8, judging whether the value of xi is equal to psi, if so, ending; if the value is not equal to psi, adding 1 to the value of the xi, and entering a step 4 until the circulation is finished;
in step 5, calculate L ξ Pressure drop Δp at segment pipe ends ξ The method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 501, according to L ξ Segment pipe delivery flow rate Q ξ And pipe diameter d ξ Calculating the flow velocity w of the medium in the pipeline ξ ：
Wherein, v is the average specific volume of the steam in the pipeline, m 3 kg/L ξ Specific volume v of steam at beginning end of section pipeline ξ ；
Step 502, calculate the L ξ Total drag coefficient phi of segment pipe ξ ：
Wherein lambda is ξ Is the firstL ξ Segment pipe coefficient of friction; l is the total unfolding length of the pipeline including the accessory length;
Ld ξ is L th ξ The local resistance loss equivalent length of the section pipeline;
step 503, calculate L ξ Segment conduit pressure drop Δp ξ ：
If the pipeline adopts a rotary compensator, then:
when the flow rate of the medium in the pipeline is less than or equal to 10 m/s:
when the medium flow rate in the pipeline is greater than 10 m/s:
if the pipe employs a non-rotating compensator, then:
wherein ρ is ξ To average density of the medium, H 1 、H 2 Respectively is L th ξ Elevation of the start point and the end point of the section pipeline.
2. The steam pipe network simulation calculation method according to claim 1, wherein Ld ξ The value is taken according to the thermal compensation mode adopted by the pipeline:
for natural compensation form, ld ξ ＝0.4L；
For the compensation form of corrugated pipe, ld ξ ＝0.1L。
3. The steam pipe network simulation calculation method according to claim 1, wherein in step 6, the L-th is calculated ξ Total heat dissipation loss q of segment pipeline Total xi The method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 601, calculate L ξ Heat dissipation loss q of segment pipeline unit 1ξ
Wherein t is 1ξ Is L th ξ The temperature of the outer surface of the section pipe t aξ Is L th ξ Ambient temperature lambda of section pipeline iξ Is L th ξ Thermal conductivity coefficient of i-th layer heat insulation material of section pipeline, D iξ Is L th ξ The outer diameter of the i-th heat-insulating layer of the section pipeline, D nξ Is L th ξ The outer diameter of the heat insulation layer of the outermost layer of the section pipeline, n is L ξ The number of heat preservation layers of the pipeline is gradually increased from inside to outside, alpha ξ The heat exchange coefficient between the outer surface of the heat-insulating layer and the atmosphere;
step 602, calculate L ξ Total heat dissipation loss q of segment pipeline Total xi ：
q Total xi ＝(q 1ξ +q 2ξ -q 3ξ +q 4ξ )*τ
Wherein q is 2ξ Increased heat dissipation loss for heat insulation pipe brackets, q 3ξ Is L th ξ The heat dissipation loss is reduced after the cape and the reflecting layer are arranged at the top of the section pipeline heat insulation structure, q 4ξ Heat dissipation loss increased for construction coefficients and operational years of the project;
step 603, according to L ξ Heat enthalpy i of steam at beginning of section pipeline ξ And total heat dissipation loss q of pipeline Total xi Calculate the L < th) ξ Section pipeline end steam enthalpy i ξ+1
4. A steam pipe network simulation calculation method according to claim 3, wherein the step 601 specifically comprises the following steps:
a) Initializing L ξ Heat conduction coefficient lambda of ith layer of heat insulation material of section pipeline iξ Is a value of (2);
b) According to the present L ξ Heat conduction coefficient lambda of ith layer of heat insulation material of section pipeline iξ Calculating to obtain the L < th > ξ Heat dissipation loss q of segment pipeline unit 1ξ ；
C) According to L ξ Heat dissipation loss q of segment pipeline unit 1ξ Calculation of L ξ Temperature drop value of section pipeline i layer heat insulation material:
wherein t is (i-1)ξ Is L th ξ The temperature inside the ith heat preservation layer of the section pipeline, t iξ Is L th ξ The temperature outside the i-th layer heat-insulating layer of the section pipeline;
d) According to L ξ Average temperature T of ith heat-insulating layer of section pipeline iξ Calculation of L ξ Heat conduction coefficient lambda of ith layer of heat insulation material of section pipeline iξ Wherein the L < th > is ξ Average temperature T of ith heat-insulating layer of section pipeline iξ Equal to (t) (i-1)ξ +t iξ )/2；
E) Comparing lambda calculated in step D iξ And the current L in step B ξ Heat conduction coefficient lambda of ith layer of heat insulation material of section pipeline iξ And D, if the difference is smaller than the set threshold value, calculating the L in the step B ξ Heat dissipation loss q of segment pipeline unit 1ξ As final value, otherwise, lambda calculated in step D iξ As the current L ξ Heat conduction coefficient lambda of ith layer of heat insulation material of section pipeline iξ Step B is entered.
5. The steam pipe network simulation calculation method according to claim 4, wherein in step D:
one) if L ξ The i-th layer of heat insulation material of the section pipeline is high-temperature glass wool, and then:
λ iξ ＝0.0289+1.29*10 -4 T iξ -8.173*10 -8 T iξ 2 +7.762*10 -10 T iξ 3
second) if L ξ The i-th layer of heat insulation material of the section pipeline is a high-temperature heat insulation lining, and then:
λ iξ ＝1.000×10 -7 T iξ 2 +1.010×10 -4 T iξ +2.965×10 -2
third) if L ξ The ith layer of heat insulation material of the section pipeline is aerogel heat insulation felt, and then:
λ iξ ＝-1.309×10 -10 T iξ 3 +2.205×10 -7 T iξ 2 -1.564×10 -5 T iξ +2.098×10 -2
fourth) if L ξ The i-th layer of the section pipeline is made of aluminum silicate cotton, and then:
when T is iξ Lambda is not more than 400 DEG C iξ ＝λ ν +0.0002(T iξ -70)
When T is iξ >Lambda at 400 DEG C iξ ＝λ ν +0.066+0.00036(T iξ -400)
Wherein lambda is ν Is a constant;
fifth) if L ξ The i-th layer of the section pipeline is made of calcium silicate, and the following steps are:
λ iξ ＝λ 0 +0.00011*(T iξ -70)
wherein lambda is 0 Is the heat conductivity value of calcium silicate at 70 ℃;
sixth) if L ξ The ith layer of heat insulation material of the section pipeline is foam glass, and then:
when T is iξ >24 hours: lambda (lambda) iξ ＝λ ε +0.00022*(T iξ -24)
When T is iξ And (3) when the temperature is less than or equal to 24: lambda (lambda) iξ ＝λ ε +0.00011*(T iξ -24)
Wherein lambda is ε The thermal conductivity value of the foam glass at 24 ℃;
seventh) if L ξ The i-th layer of heat-insulating material of the section pipeline is a multi-cavity ceramic composite heat-insulating felt, and the following steps are:
λ iξ ＝0.031+0.0000925(T iξ -70)
eighth) if L ξ The ith layer of heat insulation material of the section pipeline is polyurethane, and then:
λ iξ ＝0.02187-1.32816×10 -5 T iξ +3.50273×10 -7 T iξ 2 +1.26723×10 -7 T iξ 3 -1.8845×10 - 9 T iξ 4 -1.17859×10 -10 T iξ 5 +3.05622×10 -12 T iξ 6 +2.3665×10 -14 T iξ 7 -1.15516×10 -15 T iξ 8 +7.84772×10 -18 T iξ 9 。
6. the steam pipe network simulation calculation method according to claim 4, further comprising step 604, according to the L < th > ξ Section pipe end pressure p ξ+1 And steam enthalpy i ξ+1 Calculate dryness χ ξ ：
Wherein i' ξ+1 Is the saturated water enthalpy value, i ξ+1 "is the enthalpy of dry saturated steam;
7. a steam pipe network simulation calculation method according to claim 3, wherein in step 602，q 2ξ ＝ιq 1ξ 、q 3ξ ＝βq 1ξ ，q 4ξ ＝ζq 1ξ Wherein, iota is more than or equal to 5 percent and less than or equal to 15 percent, beta is more than or equal to 5 percent and less than or equal to 15 percent, zeta is more than or equal to 10 percent and less than or equal to 20 percent.
8. A computer readable storage medium having stored therein at least one instruction that is loaded and executed by a processor to implement the steam pipe network simulation calculation method of any of claims 1-7.
9. A computer device comprising a processor and a memory having at least one instruction stored therein, the instruction being loaded and executed by the processor to implement the steam pipe network simulation calculation method of any of claims 1-7.
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