CN115795229A - Quantitative research method suitable for water-related ecosystem service feedback loop - Google Patents
Quantitative research method suitable for water-related ecosystem service feedback loop Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a quantitative research method suitable for a water-related ecosystem service feedback loop, and aims to construct a feedback loop between water-related ecosystem service and a driving factor. The method comprises the following steps: collecting and unifying related data of a region to be detected to the same precision to obtain corresponding target data; calculating based on the target data to obtain a calculation result of the water-related ecosystem service; combing information related to water-related ecosystem service, and determining a target driving factor and corresponding related data; comparing the calculation result with the actual data to obtain a calibration result; sampling the calculation result and the related data of the target driving factor to the minimum unit precision according to the calibration result; constructing a simultaneous equation set by using the calculation result under the minimum unit precision and the related data of the target driving factor; performing parameter estimation on the simultaneous equation set to obtain a target simultaneous equation set; and constructing a feedback loop according to the target simultaneous equation set.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of water-related ecosystem service, in particular to a quantitative research method suitable for a water-related ecosystem service feedback loop.
Background
Water resources are important basic resources for restricting the development of human economy and society, and play a vital role in the production process of energy and food. Water-associated ecosystem services accompanied by water are various benefits obtained by human beings from water ecosystem, support the sustainable development of human economy and society, and are closely related to human welfare. However, as the natural land is continuously occupied by the urban land due to the excessive development of the natural land by human beings, the service supply capacity of the urban water conservancy system is also reduced. These further have adverse effects on human society, resulting in frequent conflicts between human and nature, and slow economic growth. Thus, more and more administrators are realizing that water-related ecosystem services must be incorporated into management decisions in order to achieve long-term sustainability goals.
Scientifically and reasonably identifying the driving factors of the water-related ecosystem services and systematically recognizing that the action mechanism between the water-related ecosystem services and the driving factors thereof is the premise of bringing the water-related ecosystem services into management decisions. Climate and land factors are generally considered to be direct drivers of water-related ecosystem services. In recent years, with the development of economic society, the influence of human beings on the service of the water ecosystem is gradually enhanced, and the influence mode is mainly reflected in the change of land utilization patterns caused by the development of the economic society, so that the stability of the service supply of the water-related ecosystem is indirectly influenced.
The current research on ecosystem services can be roughly divided into two categories. The first category focuses on causal relationship studies between single services and drivers, and the second category focuses on trade-off and synergistic relationship studies between ecosystem services. The first type of research mostly employs linear regression, space-weighted economics, geo-weighted regression, etc. These approaches focus on quantitatively evaluating how changes in the driver cause changes in ecosystem services. The second type of research mostly adopts correlation analysis, network analysis and the like. These approaches focus on exploring potential associations between ecosystem services. However, the first type of causal relationship study ignores interactions between ecosystem services and mutual cancellation of the influence of drivers among ecosystem services. The second study on trade-off and synergy neglects the major impact of the driver on ecosystem services. Moreover, the two methods belong to different research systems, and the model settings and model assumptions thereof are completely different in nature. This results in the research of water-related ecosystem services not accurately studying the interaction relationship between the driver and the water-related ecosystem services.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present invention provides a quantitative research method suitable for a water-related ecosystem service feedback loop, and aims to determine an interaction mechanism of a complex tie relationship between a water-related ecosystem service and a driving factor in a region by quantizing the water-related ecosystem service feedback loop.
The invention provides a quantitative research method suitable for a water-related ecosystem service feedback loop, which comprises the following steps:
collecting data related to service calculation of a water-related ecosystem in a region to be detected;
unifying the data to the same precision to obtain corresponding target data;
inputting the target data into ecosystem service calculation software for calculation to obtain a calculation result of water-related ecosystem service of the area to be measured;
determining a target driving factor of the water-related ecosystem service of the area to be tested and related data of the target driving factor by combing the information of the area to be tested related to the water-related ecosystem service;
comparing and calibrating the calculation result of the water-related ecosystem service with actual data to obtain a calibration result;
sampling the calculation result and the related data of the target driving factor to the minimum unit precision of the area to be measured through a geographic information calculation platform according to the calibration result;
taking the calculation results of the multiple water-related ecosystem services under the minimum unit precision of the area to be measured as dependent variables and the related data of the target driving factor as independent variables to construct a simultaneous equation set;
determining a qualified target simultaneous equation set by performing parameter estimation on the coefficients of the dependent variable and the independent variable of the simultaneous equation set;
and constructing a water-related ecosystem service feedback loop according to the calculation result of the target simultaneous equation set.
Optionally, in a case that the target driving factor is a landscape index target driving factor, the land utilization and land coverage data in the target data are input into Fragstats software for calculation, so as to obtain relevant data of the landscape index target driving factor.
Optionally, the determining the target driving factor of the water-related ecosystem service of the area to be tested and the relevant data of the target driving factor by combing the information of the area to be tested related to the water-related ecosystem service includes:
determining a driving factor of the water-related ecosystem service of the area to be detected by performing document combing on the area to be detected, and determining a theoretical relationship between the water-related ecosystem service of the area to be detected and the driving factor by performing biophysical process combing on the area to be detected;
carrying out spatial analysis, correlation analysis and land utilization analysis on the water-related ecosystem service of the area to be detected and the driving factors of the water-related ecosystem service of the area to be detected, and removing the driving factors which do not conform to the theoretical relationship to obtain target driving factors;
and acquiring relevant data of the target driving factor.
Optionally, the sampling, according to the calibration result, the calculation result and the data related to the target driving factor to the minimum unit precision of the region to be measured by using a geographic information calculation platform includes:
when the calibration result is smaller than or equal to a first threshold value, sampling the calculation result and the related data of the target driving factor to the minimum unit precision of the area to be measured through a geographic information calculation platform;
when the calibration result is larger than a first threshold value, adjusting calibration parameters in a water-related ecosystem service calculation model; calculating the water-related ecosystem service of the area to be detected through the water-related ecosystem service calculation model adjusted by the calibration parameters to obtain a calculation result of the water-related ecosystem service of the area to be detected, continuously comparing the calculation result with the first threshold value until the obtained calculation result of the water-related ecosystem service of the area to be detected is less than or equal to the first threshold value, and sampling the calculation result and the data related to the target driving factor to the minimum unit precision of the area to be detected through a geographic information calculation platform.
Optionally, the data associated with the water-related ecosystem service calculation in the area under test at least includes: meteorological data, geographical elevation data, land utilization and land coverage data, biophysical information data;
the water-related ecosystem service at least comprises: water production ecosystem service, soil erosion ecosystem service, soil maintenance ecosystem service, nitrogen element output ecosystem service and phosphorus element output system service.
Optionally, before constructing a simultaneous equation set using the calculation results of the multiple water-related ecosystem services at the minimum unit precision of the region to be measured as dependent variables and the related data of the target driving factor as independent variables, the method further includes:
carrying out co-linearity check on the related data of the target driving factor under the minimum unit precision, and eliminating the target driving factor of which the variance expansion factor index exceeds a second threshold value in the target driving factors;
performing normality test on the related data of the target driving factors remaining after the elimination operation is performed to obtain a normal verification result;
carrying out normalization processing on the related data of the target driving factors which are not normally distributed according to the normal verification result;
the establishing of the simultaneous equation set by using the calculation results of the multiple water-related ecosystem services under the minimum unit precision of the region to be measured as dependent variables and the related data of the target driving factor as independent variables comprises the following steps:
and constructing a simultaneous equation set by taking the calculation results of the multiple water-related ecosystem services under the minimum unit precision of the region to be detected as dependent variables and taking the normalized related data of the target driving factor as independent variables.
Optionally, the determining a qualified target simultaneous equation set by performing parameter estimation on coefficients of a dependent variable and an independent variable of the simultaneous equation set includes:
according to the values of the dependent variable and the independent variable in the simultaneous equation set, carrying out parameter estimation on the coefficients of the dependent variable and the independent variable in the simultaneous equation set to obtain a first simultaneous equation set;
determining whether the first simultaneous equation set is qualified or not through target statistics in the goodness-of-fit;
and when the target statistic exceeds a third threshold value, determining the first simultaneous equation set as a qualified target simultaneous equation set.
Optionally, when the target statistic does not exceed a third threshold, modifying the target driving factor of the region to be measured;
the establishing of the simultaneous equation set by using the calculation results of the multiple water-related ecosystem services under the minimum unit precision of the region to be measured as dependent variables and the related data of the target driving factor as independent variables comprises the following steps:
and taking the calculation results of the multiple water-related ecosystem services under the minimum unit precision of the region to be detected as dependent variables and the corrected related data of the target driving factor as independent variables to construct a simultaneous equation set.
Optionally, the determining that the first set of simultaneous equations is a qualified set of target simultaneous equations when the target statistic exceeds a third threshold includes:
when the target statistic exceeds a third threshold, determining the first simultaneous equation set as a qualified first target simultaneous equation set;
and performing parameter fitting on the first target simultaneous equation set, and removing the calculation result item of the water-related ecosystem service which is not significant and is used as an independent variable to obtain the target simultaneous equation set.
Aiming at the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the invention provides a quantitative research method suitable for a water-related ecosystem service feedback loop, which is used for collecting data related to service calculation of a water-related ecosystem in a region to be detected; unifying the data to the same precision to obtain corresponding target data; calculating and obtaining a calculation result of the water-related ecosystem service corresponding to the region to be detected based on the target data with the same precision, and determining a target driving factor of the water-related ecosystem service of the region to be detected and related data of the target driving factor by combing information of the region to be detected, which is related to the water-related ecosystem service; comparing and calibrating the calculation result of the water-related ecosystem service with the actual data; when the calibration is passed, the calculation result is accurate, normal calculation of the water-related ecosystem service with the minimum unit precision can be carried out at the time, the corresponding calculation result is obtained, the obtained multiple water-related ecosystem services (such as a water production ecosystem service, a soil erosion ecosystem service, a soil maintenance ecosystem service, a nitrogen element output ecosystem service and a phosphorus element output system service) are used as dependent variables, the associated data of the target driving factor are used as independent variables to construct a simultaneous equation set, the qualified target simultaneous equation set is obtained by carrying out parameter estimation on the dependent variables and the coefficients of the independent variables of the simultaneous equation set, and the corresponding feedback loop of the water-related ecosystem service is constructed on the basis of the calculation result of the target simultaneous equation set, so that the relevant action relation between various target driving factors and various water-related ecosystem services is obtained.
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Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Also, like reference numerals are used to refer to like parts throughout the drawings. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a flowchart of a quantitative research method applied to a service feedback loop of a water-related ecosystem according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a theoretical relationship between water-related ecosystem service and a target driving factor in a quantitative research method applied to a water-related ecosystem service feedback loop according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a calculation result of a target simultaneous equation set in a quantitative research method applied to a water-related ecosystem service feedback loop according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a water-related ecosystem service feedback loop in a quantitative research method for the water-related ecosystem service feedback loop according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the invention can be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.
Before explaining the present invention, a background of the present invention will be explained. Water resources are important basic resources for restricting the development of human economy and society, and play a vital role in the production process of energy and grains. Water-associated ecosystem services accompanied by water are various benefits obtained by human beings from water ecosystem, support the sustainable development of human economy and society, and are closely related to human welfare. However, as nature is over developed by human beings, the nature land is continuously occupied by urban land, and the service supply capacity of the urban water conservancy system is also reduced. These further have adverse effects on human society, resulting in frequent conflicts between human and nature, and slow economic growth. Thus, more and more administrators are realizing that water-related ecosystem services must be incorporated into management decisions in order to achieve long-term sustainability goals.
Scientifically and reasonably identifying the driving factors of the water-related ecosystem services and systematically recognizing that the action mechanism between the water-related ecosystem services and the driving factors thereof is the premise of bringing the water-related ecosystem services into management decisions. Climate and land factors are generally considered to be direct drivers of water-related ecosystem services. In recent years, with the development of economic society, the influence of human beings on the service of the water ecosystem is gradually enhanced, and the influence mode is mainly reflected in the change of land utilization patterns caused by the development of the economic society, so that the stability of the service supply of the water-related ecosystem is indirectly influenced.
Current research on ecosystem services can be broadly divided into two broad categories. The first category focuses on causal relationship studies between single services and drivers, and the second category focuses on trade-off and synergistic relationship studies between ecosystem services. The first type of research mostly employs linear regression, space-weighted economics, geo-weighted regression, and the like. These approaches focus on quantitatively evaluating how changes in the driver cause changes in ecosystem services. The second type of research mostly adopts correlation analysis, network analysis and the like. These approaches focus on exploring potential associations between ecosystem services. However, in the real world, the coexistence and the mutual influence of the causal relationship between the ecosystem service and the driver and the trade-off and cooperation relationship between various ecosystem services and ecosystem services are complex link relationships, and the link relationships between the ecosystem service and the driver cannot be well researched by the two research methods. The first type of causal relationship study ignores interactions between ecosystem services and mutual offsets of the influence of drivers between ecosystem services. The second study on trade-off and synergy neglects the major impact of the driver on ecosystem services. Moreover, the two methods belong to different research systems, and the model settings and model assumptions thereof are completely different in nature. Therefore, the invention provides a quantitative research method suitable for a water-related ecosystem service feedback loop, which constructs the water-related ecosystem service feedback loop by comprehensively considering the link relationship between various driving factors and water-related ecosystem services and considering the interaction influence relationship between various water-related ecosystem services, thereby more comprehensively understanding the interaction mechanism of the complex link relationship between regional water-related ecosystem services and the driving factors and providing a basis for a manager to make relevant decisions.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a quantitative research method applied to a feedback loop of a water-related ecosystem service according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, the method includes:
step S101: collecting data related to service calculation of a water-related ecosystem in a region to be detected;
step S102: unifying the data to the same precision to obtain corresponding target data;
step S103: inputting the target data into ecosystem service calculation software for calculation to obtain a calculation result of water-related ecosystem service of the area to be measured;
step S104: determining a target driving factor of the water-related ecosystem service of the area to be tested and related data of the target driving factor by combing the information of the area to be tested related to the water-related ecosystem service;
step S105: comparing and calibrating the calculation result of the water-related ecosystem service with actual data to obtain a calibration result;
step S106: sampling the calculation result and the related data of the target driving factor to the minimum unit precision of the area to be measured through a geographic information calculation platform according to the calibration result;
step S107: taking the calculation results of the multiple water-related ecosystem services under the minimum unit precision of the area to be measured as dependent variables and the related data of the target driving factor as independent variables to construct a simultaneous equation set;
step S108: determining a qualified target simultaneous equation set by performing parameter estimation on the coefficients of the dependent variable and the independent variable of the simultaneous equation set;
step S109: and constructing a water-related ecosystem service feedback loop according to the calculation result of the target simultaneous equation set.
In the present invention, the data related to the water-related ecosystem service calculation in the area to be measured at least includes: meteorological data, geographical elevation data, land utilization and land coverage data, and biophysical information data; the water-related ecosystem service at least comprises: water production ecosystem service, soil erosion ecosystem service, soil maintenance ecosystem service, nitrogen element output ecosystem service and phosphorus element output system service.
In the embodiment of the invention, for the area to be tested needing to construct the water-related ecosystem service feedback loop, firstly, data related to the water-related ecosystem service calculation in the area to be tested is collected. Wherein the data associated with the water-related ecosystem service computation comprises at least: meteorological data (such as rainfall, evapotranspiration and the like), geographic Elevation Data (DEM), land utilization and land coverage data (LULC), biophysical information data (such as crop coefficient K, maximum root depth of plants, erosion management factors, nutrient load and the like). Because the data associated with the water-related ecosystem service calculation are acquired with different accuracies (if the data are acquired with the accuracy of 30m, if the data are acquired with the accuracy of 500m, 500m), in order to facilitate subsequent calculation, various acquired data associated with the water-related ecosystem service calculation in the region to be measured are unified to the same accuracy through the geographic information calculation platform, and target data corresponding to the various data are acquired. The target data represents data with unified precision, for example, the geographical elevation data is originally geographical elevation data with the precision of 100m × 100m, and when the unified precision is 500m × 500m, the geographical elevation data acquired with the precision of 100m × 100m is unified into target geographical elevation data with the precision of 500m × 500m. The geographic information computing platform includes, but is not limited to, an ArcGIS geographic information computing platform.
It should be understood that the same accuracy may be set according to practical application scenarios, such as the size of the research area and the computational power, and is not limited herein. Such as unifying all data to the precision of 100m, or unifying all data to the precision of 500m.
In the embodiment of the invention, after various data related to the water-related ecosystem service calculation in the region to be measured are unified to the same precision, and the respective corresponding target data are obtained, step S103 is performed to input the obtained various target data, which belong to the same precision, except the target data corresponding to the biophysical information data, into the ecosystem service calculation software for calculation, so as to obtain the calculation results of various water-related ecosystem services. Such as the calculation result of the water production ecosystem service, the calculation result of the soil erosion ecosystem service, the calculation result of the soil maintenance ecosystem service, the calculation result of the nitrogen element output ecosystem service, the calculation result of the phosphorus element output ecosystem service, and the like. Ecosystem service computing software includes, but is not limited to, invent.
In the embodiment of the present invention, in step S104, various target driving factors that will interact with the water-related ecosystem service of the region to be tested are determined by combing the information related to the water-related ecosystem service of the region to be tested, and after the various target driving factors are determined, the related data of the various target driving factors are obtained.
In the embodiment of the present invention, after the calculation results of various water-related ecosystem services of the area to be tested are obtained in step S105, the calculation results of the various water-related ecosystem services are compared with the respective corresponding actual data and calibrated, so as to obtain respective corresponding calibration results. The sources of actual data for performing the comparison and calibration include, but are not limited to, drainage bulletins, water resource bulletins, statistical yearbooks, literature, and the like.
In the embodiment of the invention, when the deviation between the calculation result of any one of the calculation results of the various water-related ecosystem services and the corresponding actual data does not exceed a certain threshold value, the calculation result of the any one water-related ecosystem service is determined to belong to a correct result. The correct calculation result of any one water-related ecosystem service can be calculated through the model for calculating any one water-related ecosystem service, and at the moment, the model can be used for calculating any one water-related ecosystem service under the minimum unit precision of the area to be measured subsequently. That is, the calculation result of the water-related ecosystem service obtained by calculating the target data with the same precision is used for verifying the correctness of the model for calculating the water-related ecosystem service, and after the model is verified to be capable of calculating the correct calculation result of the water-related ecosystem service, the calculation result is used for calculating the water-related ecosystem service with the minimum unit precision in the formal region to be measured.
In the embodiment of the invention, when the calibration result shows that the calculation results of various water-related ecosystem services are correct calculation results, the calculation results of the various water-related ecosystem services and the related data of the target driving factor are all sampled to the minimum cell precision of the area to be measured through the geographic information calculation platform, for example, the county-level unit is taken as the minimum cell precision. Then, a simultaneous equation set is constructed by taking the calculation results of various water-related ecosystem services under the minimum unit precision as dependent variables and the related data of the target driving factor as independent variables, wherein the constructed simultaneous equation set is as the following formula 1:
wherein yi, xi and epsilon i respectively represent the ith dependent variable (namely the calculation result of the ith water-related ecosystem service), the ith independent variable (namely the ith target driving factor) and the error term; gamma ij and beta mj respectively represent the coefficients of the dependent variable and the independent variable obtained by model calculation; wherein the value ranges of i and j are [1, M ], and the value range of m is [1, K ]; the error term represents the difference between the dependent variable predicted by the independent variable and the actual dependent variable, and the value can be used for evaluating the performance of the model. Meanwhile, one of y1 to yi in each equation in the simultaneous equation set is used as a dependent variable, other y is used as an independent variable, and y of each equation used as the dependent variable is different.
Illustratively, the simultaneous system of equations includes 3 equations a1, a2, a3, corresponding to 3 y, y1, y2, y3, respectively; when the dependent variable in equation a1 is determined to be y2, y1 and y3 will be the independent variables in equation a1, when the dependent variable in equation a2 is determined to be y1, y2 and y3 will be the independent variables in equation a2, and when the dependent variable in equation a3 is determined to be y3, y1 and y2 will be the independent variables in equation a 3.
In the embodiment of the invention, after the simultaneous equation set is obtained, a qualified target simultaneous equation set is determined based on the parameter estimation result after the parameter estimation result of the dependent variable and the independent variable of the qualified simultaneous equation set is obtained by performing parameter estimation on the dependent variable and the independent variable of the simultaneous equation set. And constructing a corresponding water-related ecosystem service feedback loop according to the calculation result of the target simultaneous equation set.
The invention provides a quantitative research method suitable for a water-related ecosystem service feedback loop, which is used for collecting data related to water-related ecosystem service calculation in a region to be detected; unifying the data to the same precision to obtain corresponding target data; calculating and obtaining a calculation result of the water-related ecosystem service corresponding to the region to be detected based on the target data with the same precision, and determining a target driving factor of the water-related ecosystem service of the region to be detected and related data of the target driving factor by combing information of the region to be detected, which is related to the water-related ecosystem service; comparing and calibrating the calculation result of the water-related ecosystem service with the actual data; when the calibration is passed, the calculation result is accurate, normal calculation of the water-related ecosystem service with the minimum unit precision can be carried out at the time, the corresponding calculation result is obtained, the obtained multiple water-related ecosystem services (such as a water production ecosystem service, a soil erosion ecosystem service, a soil maintenance ecosystem service, a nitrogen element output ecosystem service and a phosphorus element output system service) are used as dependent variables, the associated data of the target driving factor are used as independent variables to construct a simultaneous equation set, the qualified target simultaneous equation set is obtained by carrying out parameter estimation on the dependent variables and the coefficients of the independent variables of the simultaneous equation set, and the corresponding feedback loop of the water-related ecosystem service is constructed on the basis of the calculation result of the target simultaneous equation set, so that the relevant action relation between various target driving factors and various water-related ecosystem services is obtained.
In the invention, when the target driving factor is a landscape index target driving factor, the land utilization and land cover data (LULC) in the target data are input into Fragstats software for calculation, so as to obtain the related data of the landscape index target driving factor.
In an embodiment of the invention, the target driver comprises a landscape index target driver for which correlation data will be obtained by inputting land utilization and land cover data (LULC) in the target data into the Fragstats software for calculation. The landscape index target driving factors include, but are not limited to, landscape pattern index selection grid Number (NP), SHAPE index (SHAPE), grid richness (PR), clustering index (AI), and adjacency index (CONTIG).
In the present invention, the determining the target driving factor of the water-related ecosystem service of the region to be tested and the relevant data of the target driving factor by combing the information of the region to be tested related to the water-related ecosystem service includes: determining a driving factor of the water-related ecosystem service of the area to be detected by performing document combing on the area to be detected, and determining a theoretical relationship between the water-related ecosystem service of the area to be detected and the driving factor by performing biophysical process combing on the area to be detected; carrying out spatial analysis, correlation analysis and land utilization analysis on the water-related ecosystem service of the area to be tested and the driving factor of the water-related ecosystem service of the area to be tested, and eliminating the driving factor which does not accord with the theoretical relationship to obtain a target driving factor; and acquiring relevant data of the target driving factor.
In the embodiment of the invention, the driving factor of the water-related ecosystem service of the region to be detected is determined by performing document combing, field investigation and the like on the region to be detected, and the theoretical relationship between the water-related ecosystem service of the region to be detected and the driving factor is combed based on the biophysical processes such as hydrologic cycle, atmospheric cycle and the like. After obtaining the driving factors of the area to be detected and the theoretical relations between various water-related ecosystem services of the area to be detected and the driving factors of the area to be detected, carrying out space analysis, correlation analysis and land utilization analysis on the water-related ecosystem services of the area to be detected and the driving factors of the water-related ecosystem services of the area to be detected, screening and eliminating the driving factors which do not conform to the theoretical relations, determining the remaining driving factors after elimination as target driving factors, and obtaining the relevant data corresponding to the target driving factors.
In the present invention, the sampling, according to the calibration result, the calculation result and the data related to the target driving factor to the minimum unit precision of the region to be measured by the geographic information calculation platform includes: when the calibration result is smaller than or equal to a first threshold value, sampling the calculation result and the related data of the target driving factor to the minimum unit precision of the area to be measured through a geographic information calculation platform; when the calibration result is larger than a first threshold value, adjusting calibration parameters in a water-related ecosystem service calculation model; calculating the water-related ecosystem service of the area to be detected through the water-related ecosystem service calculation model adjusted by the calibration parameters to obtain a calculation result of the water-related ecosystem service of the area to be detected, continuously comparing the calculation result with the first threshold value until the obtained calculation result of the water-related ecosystem service of the area to be detected is less than or equal to the first threshold value, and sampling the calculation result and the data related to the target driving factor to the minimum unit precision of the area to be detected through a geographic information calculation platform.
In the embodiment of the invention, when the calibration result shows that the deviation between the calculation result of any one water-related ecosystem service in the calculation results of various water-related ecosystem services and the actual data corresponding to the calculation result is less than or equal to the first threshold value, the calculation result of any one water-related ecosystem service is determined to be a correct result, the model can accurately calculate the water-related ecosystem service of the area to be detected, at the moment, formal calculation of the water-related ecosystem service of the area to be detected can be carried out, and at the moment, the calculation result of various water-related ecosystem services and the related data of the target driving factor are sampled to the minimum unit precision of the area to be detected through the geographic information calculation platform. And when the calibration result shows that the deviation between the calculation result of at least one water-related ecosystem service and the actual data corresponding to the water-related ecosystem service is larger than a first threshold value in the calculation results of various water-related ecosystem services, determining that the deviation of the calculation result of the at least one water-related ecosystem service is larger, and the at least one water-related ecosystem service in the region to be detected cannot be accurately calculated by the corresponding model of the at least one water-related ecosystem service. It should be understood that for each water-associated ecosystem service, there is a unique corresponding one of the water-associated ecosystem service computing models in the ecosystem service computing software.
At this time, for the calculation model corresponding to the at least one water-related ecosystem service, adjusting calibration parameters in the calculation model to calibrate the calculation model, then continuing to calculate the at least one water-related ecosystem service based on the calibrated calculation model to obtain a corresponding calculation result, continuing to compare and calibrate the calculation result with actual data to obtain a corresponding calibration result, if the calibration result shows that the deviation between the calculation result and the actual data corresponding to the calculation model per se is still greater than a first threshold value, continuing to calibrate the calibration parameters of the calculation model until the deviation between the calculation result obtained by calculating the at least one water-related ecosystem service based on the calculation model performing parameter calibration each time and the actual data corresponding to the calculation model per se is less than or equal to the first threshold value, at this time, formally calculating the at least one water-related ecosystem service of the region to be measured based on the calculation model capable of finally obtaining the deviation between the calculation result obtained by calculating the at least one water-related ecosystem service and the actual data corresponding to the calculation result and the minimum sampling precision of the water-related ecosystem service to be measured by the geographic information calculation platform.
In the present invention, before constructing a simultaneous equation set using calculation results of multiple water-related ecosystem services at the minimum unit accuracy of the region to be measured as dependent variables and related data of the target driving factor as independent variables, the method further includes: carrying out co-linearity check on the related data of the target driving factor under the minimum unit precision, and eliminating the target driving factor of which the variance expansion factor index exceeds a second threshold value in the target driving factors; performing normality test on the related data of the target driving factors remaining after the elimination operation is performed to obtain a normal test result; carrying out normalization processing on the related data of the target driving factors which are not normally distributed according to the normal verification result; the establishing of the simultaneous equation set by using the calculation results of the multiple water-related ecosystem services under the minimum unit precision of the region to be measured as dependent variables and the related data of the target driving factor as independent variables comprises the following steps: and constructing a simultaneous equation set by taking the calculation results of the multiple water-related ecosystem services under the minimum unit precision of the area to be measured as dependent variables and taking the normalized related data of the target driving factor as independent variables.
It should be understood that the first threshold may be set according to an actual application scenario, and is not specifically limited herein. For example, the deviation between the calculation result and the actual data is less than or equal to 10%.
In the embodiment of the invention, in order to further improve the accuracy of the determined target driving factor, that is, to ensure that the determined target driving factor is indeed the driving factor which can affect various water-related ecosystem services of the region to be measured, the target driving factor is further corrected before the calculation results of the various water-related ecosystem services under the minimum unit precision of the region to be measured are used as dependent variables and the related data of the target driving factor are used as independent variables to construct a simultaneous equation set. Specifically, the collinearity check is carried out on the related data of the target driving factors under the minimum unit precision, the target driving factors of which the variance expansion factor index (VIF) exceeds the second threshold value in the target driving factors are removed, the deviation of subsequent model calculation caused by the existence of multiple collinearity among the driving factors is avoided, namely, the multiple driving factors have similar influence on water-related ecosystem service, and when the multiple driving factors are considered simultaneously, the adverse influence on the calculation result is caused. After the elimination operation of the target driving factors is completed, performing normality test on the related data of the target driving factors remaining after the elimination operation is performed to obtain corresponding normal verification results; and performing normalization processing (such as logarithm processing, square root processing, box-Cox processing and the like) on the data related to the target driving factors of the abnormal distribution according to the obtained normal verification result so as to ensure the stability of subsequent model calculation.
It should be understood that the second threshold may be set according to an actual application scenario, and is not limited in particular herein. Such as setting the second threshold to 10, etc.
After the elimination and normalization processing of the target driving factors are finished, the method comprises the following steps: establishing a simultaneous equation set by using calculation results of multiple water-related ecosystem services under the minimum unit precision of the region to be measured as dependent variables and relevant data of the target driving factor as independent variables, wherein the simultaneous equation set comprises the following steps: and constructing a simultaneous equation set by taking the calculation results of various water-related ecosystem services under the minimum unit precision of the region to be measured as dependent variables and taking the normalized related data of the target driving factor as independent variables.
In the present invention, the determining a qualified target simultaneous equation set by performing parameter estimation on the coefficients of the dependent variable and the independent variable of the simultaneous equation set includes: according to the values of the dependent variable and the independent variable in the simultaneous equation set, carrying out parameter estimation on the coefficients of the dependent variable and the independent variable in the simultaneous equation set to obtain a first simultaneous equation set; determining whether the first simultaneous equation set is qualified or not through target statistics in the goodness-of-fit; and when the target statistic exceeds a third threshold value, determining the first simultaneous equation set as a qualified target simultaneous equation set.
In the embodiment of the invention, after the simultaneous equation sets are established and the dependent variable and the independent variable of each equation are determined, the coefficient of each dependent variable and each independent variable is subjected to parameter estimation, and after the coefficient of each dependent variable and each independent variable is obtained, the first simultaneous equation set is also obtained. And judging whether the performance of the first simultaneous equation set model is enough for subsequent calculation or not through the target statistics in the goodness-of-fit. Preferably, the target statistic is preferably R2 in the goodness-of-fit, and the range of values of R2 is (0, 1), and a value closer to 1 indicates better performance of the first simultaneous equation set model. And determining whether the first simultaneous equation set is a qualified target simultaneous equation set or not by setting a third threshold, and determining that the first simultaneous equation set is the qualified target simultaneous equation set when the target statistic exceeds the third threshold. It should be understood that the third threshold may be set according to an actual application scenario, and is not specifically limited herein, such as setting it to 0.5.
In the invention, when the target statistic does not exceed a third threshold, correcting the target driving factor of the region to be detected; the establishing of the simultaneous equation set by using the calculation results of the multiple water-related ecosystem services under the minimum unit precision of the region to be measured as dependent variables and the related data of the target driving factor as independent variables comprises the following steps: and taking the calculation results of the multiple water-related ecosystem services under the minimum unit precision of the region to be detected as dependent variables and the corrected related data of the target driving factor as independent variables to construct a simultaneous equation set.
In the embodiment of the present invention, when the target statistic obtained based on the first simultaneous equation set does not exceed the third threshold, it is indicated that the first simultaneous equation set is not qualified, and the performance is not good enough, at this time, the target driving factor in the first simultaneous equation set needs to be modified, for example, some target driving factors in the first simultaneous equation set are deleted and/or some other driving factors are added to the first simultaneous equation set, then the calculation results of multiple water-related ecosystem services at the minimum unit precision of the region to be measured are used as dependent variables and the relevant data of the modified target driving factor are used as independent variables to construct a new simultaneous equation set, and a new round of parameter estimation is performed to obtain a corresponding first simultaneous equation set, and then the target statistic is continuously used to determine whether the first simultaneous equation set of the new round is qualified or not, after being qualified, the first simultaneous equation set of the new round is determined as the target simultaneous equation set, and if not qualified, the target driving factor is continuously updated until the constructed first simultaneous equation set is still.
In the present invention, when the target statistic exceeds a third threshold, the determining that the first simultaneous equation set is a qualified target simultaneous equation set includes: when the target statistic exceeds a third threshold, determining the first simultaneous equation set as a qualified first target simultaneous equation set; and performing parameter fitting on the first target simultaneous equation set, and removing the calculation result item of the non-obvious water-related ecosystem service as an independent variable to obtain the target simultaneous equation set.
In the embodiment of the invention, only one water-related ecosystem service in each equation in the simultaneous equation set is a dependent variable, and other water-related ecosystem services are independent variables, and it is found in the actual process that part of the water-related ecosystem services in the other water-related ecosystem services do not influence the water-related ecosystem service as the dependent variable, so that in order to avoid the influence of the water-related ecosystem service on the final result, the invention determines the first simultaneous equation set as a qualified first target simultaneous equation set when the target statistic determined based on the first simultaneous equation set exceeds a third threshold, then performs parameter fitting on the first target simultaneous equation set, eliminates calculation result items of the water-related ecosystem service as the dependent variable in each equation in the first target simultaneous equation set, and finally constructs corresponding water-related ecosystem service feedback loop based on the calculation result of the target simultaneous equation set, thereby not only considering the mutual feedback loop of the water-related ecosystem service and various water-related ecosystem drive factors.
In the embodiment of the invention, the quantitative research method of the water-related ecosystem service feedback loop comprises six parts, namely data preparation, water-related ecosystem service measurement and calculation, space analysis, correlation analysis, land utilization analysis and feedback loop construction. Exemplarily, a region a to be measured is determined, and the minimum unit precision of the region a to be measured when used for formal calculation is determined to be a county scale. Collecting data related to service calculation of a water-related ecological system in an area A to be measured; the WY model in the Water-related ecosystem service calculation is a Water yield model and is used for calculating Water production ecosystem service, the SDR model is a segment Delivery Ratio model and is used for calculating soil erosion ecosystem service, and the NDR model is a Nutrient Delivery Ratio model and is used for calculating nitrogen element output ecosystem service. Based on the size of the area A to be measured and the computational power of a computer, sampling all data (except biophysical information data) related to water-related ecosystem service calculation in the area A to be measured to 500m by 500m precision by using an ArcGIS 10.2 platform, and thus obtaining target data corresponding to each data. And inputting all the sampled target data with the same precision into InVEST 3.9.2 software to calculate water-related ecosystem services, and obtaining calculation results of all the water-related ecosystem services. In the example, the water-related ecosystem service comprises a water production ecosystem service, a soil erosion ecosystem service and a nitrogen element output ecosystem service, and the calculation is carried out through a WY model, an SDR model and an NDR model respectively.
In embodiments of the invention, data associated with water-related ecosystem service calculations include, but are not limited to, land use data, digital elevation Data (DEM), rainfall data, surface evapotranspiration data, root restriction depth data, plant available water content data, research area data, rainfall erosiveness index data, soil erodibility data, biophysical data. Wherein the data for the calculation of the WY model comprises: land utilization data, rainfall data, surface evapotranspiration data, root limiting layer depth data, plant effective water content data, research area data and biophysical data; data for calculation by the SDR model include: land utilization data, digital elevation Data (DEM), rainfall data, research area data, rainfall erosion index data, soil erodibility data and biophysical data; data for calculation of the NDR model includes: land use data, digital elevation Data (DEM), rainfall data, research area data, biophysical data.
And inputting the land utilization and land cover data (LULC) in the collected data into Fragstats 4.2.1 software to calculate the related data of the landscape index target driving factor so as to describe the land utilization condition of the area A to be measured. The landscape index target-driving factors include number of grids (NP), SHAPE index (SHAPE), richness of grids (PR), clustering index (AI), adjacency index (CONTIG).
The driving factor of the water-related ecosystem service of the region to be detected is determined by performing document combing, field investigation and the like on the region to be detected, and the theoretical relationship between the water-related ecosystem service of the region to be detected and the driving factor is combed based on the biophysical processes such as hydrologic cycle, atmospheric cycle and the like, as shown in fig. 2.
And comparing and calibrating the calculated results of various water-related ecosystem services obtained by calculation with actual data, wherein the actual data sources for calibrating the area A to be measured comprise but are not limited to basin bulletin, water resource bulletin, statistical yearbook, literature and the like. The water production ecosystem service adjusts the parameter Z according to the annual runoff data of the river in the area A to be measured, the soil erosion ecosystem service adjusts the parameter k and IC0 according to the annual sediment transport data of the river in the area A to be measured, and the nitrogen element output ecosystem service adjusts the parameter k according to the total nitrogen content in the wastewater discharge. When the comprehensive error between the calculation result of various water-related ecosystem services and the actual data is smaller than a first threshold value, determining that the calculation results of various water-related ecosystem services, which are obtained by respectively calculating the WY model, the SDR model and the NDR model, are accurate enough and can be used for subsequent formal calculation.
Carrying out spatial analysis on the water-related ecosystem service in the area A to be tested, carrying out correlation analysis on the water-related ecosystem service and the driving factors, carrying out land utilization analysis on the LULC data so as to verify the theoretical relationship between the water-related ecosystem service and the driving factors shown in the figure 2, removing the driving factors which obviously do not accord with the theoretical relationship obtained through the biophysical process carding, and determining the rest driving factors as target driving factors.
After the calculation results of various water-related ecosystem services obtained by respectively calculating through the comparison and calibration WY model, the SDR model and the NDR model are accurate enough and can be used for subsequent formal calculation, the calculation results of the water-related ecosystem services and the related data of the corresponding target driving factor are sampled to the county scale of the area A to be measured through a resampling tool of the ArcGIS 10.2 platform.
And performing multiple collinearity test on the data sampled to the county scale by using a variance expansion factor (VIF), and removing a driving target motion factor with the VIF being more than 10. And performing normality test on the water-related ecosystem service and the target driving factor which pass the VIF test, and performing logarithm processing on data which do not pass the test to ensure the stability of a subsequent model calculation result.
Based on the data after the normality processing, constructing a simultaneous equation set by using Water-related ecosystem service in the data as a dependent variable and a target driving factor as an independent variable, wherein the simultaneous equation in the example consists of three sub-equations, namely a Water production equation (Water yield equation), a Soil erosion equation (Soil erosion equation) and a Nitrogen element output equation (Nitrogen output equation), and the basic forms of the equations are shown in an equation (2):
wherein WYt, SEt and NEt respectively represent water production ecosystem service, soil erosion ecosystem service and nitrogen element output ecosystem service in t period; ct, et, vt, lt are the climate, socioeconomic, vegetation and land target drivers, respectively, for time t.
Obtaining a corresponding first simultaneous equation set by performing parameter estimation on the constructed simultaneous equation set of the formula (2), determining the first simultaneous equation set to be qualified through a target statistic R2 in the fitting goodness, determining the first simultaneous equation set to be a first target simultaneous equation set, performing parameter fitting on the first target simultaneous equation set, removing a calculation result item of an unobvious water-related ecosystem service as an independent variable, and obtaining the target simultaneous equation set, wherein as shown in a formula (3), for the produced water ecosystem service of WY, the SE soil erosion ecosystem service and the N element output ecosystem service both have no influence or little influence on the produced water ecosystem service, and at the moment, the SE soil erosion ecosystem service and the NE N element output ecosystem service which are independent variables in an equation in which the produced water ecosystem service of WY is removed as a dependent variable are removed; for the soil erosion ecosystem service of SE, both the WY water production ecosystem service and the NE nitrogen element output ecosystem service have influence on the soil erosion ecosystem service, and the WY water production ecosystem service and the NE nitrogen element output ecosystem service which are used as independent variables in an equation used as a dependent variable in the soil erosion ecosystem service of SE are not eliminated.
After the target simultaneous equations shown in formula (3) are obtained, the target simultaneous equations are calculated by using a two-stage least square method to obtain the calculation result shown in fig. 3, a corresponding water-related ecosystem service feedback loop is constructed according to the calculation result shown in fig. 3, and the constructed water-related ecosystem service feedback loop is shown in fig. 4. In fig. 3, WY as a dependent variable characterizes the water producing ecosystem service, corresponding units are mm; the SE as a dependent variable represents the soil erosion ecosystem service, and the corresponding unit is ton; NE as a dependent variable represents nitrogen element output ecosystem service, and the corresponding unit is ton; GDP represents the total value of domestic production by economic factors, and the unit is Yuan; PRE, RE and PET are all climate factors and respectively represent average annual rainfall (unit is mm), rainfall erosion index (unit is MJ. Mm. (ha. H. A) -1) and surface evapotranspiration (unit is mm); NDVI is a vegetation factor and represents a normalized vegetation index; land factors include NP (number of grids), SHAPE index, PR (richness of grids), AI (cluster index), CONTIG (adjacency index). As shown in fig. 3, the data in the first column represents various independent variables that affect the WY water production ecosystem service, and corresponding values, which are represented by + in fig. 4, negative in fig. 4, and represented by-in fig. 4, and if there is no value, the independent variables do not affect the dependent variables in the corresponding column, and if there is no value in the 1 st column in fig. 3 in which the soil erosion ecosystem service and the NE nitrogen element output ecosystem service are corresponding as independent variables in the 1 st columns 1 and 2, the feedback loop represents that the SE soil erosion ecosystem service and the NE nitrogen element output ecosystem service as independent variables do not affect the WY water production ecosystem service as dependent variables, and therefore there is no feedback loop in fig. 4 in which the soil erosion ecosystem service and the NE nitrogen element output ecosystem service as independent variables affect the WY water production ecosystem service as dependent variables.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrases "comprising a," "8230," "8230," or "comprising" does not exclude the presence of additional like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
All the embodiments in the present specification are described in a related manner, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments may be referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from the other embodiments. In particular, for the system embodiment, since it is substantially similar to the method embodiment, the description is simple, and for the relevant points, reference may be made to the partial description of the method embodiment.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A quantitative research method applicable to a water-related ecosystem service feedback loop, the method comprising:
collecting data related to service calculation of a water-related ecological system in a region to be detected;
unifying the data to the same precision to obtain corresponding target data;
inputting the target data into ecosystem service calculation software for calculation to obtain a calculation result of water-related ecosystem service of the area to be measured;
determining a target driving factor of the water-related ecosystem service of the area to be tested and related data of the target driving factor by combing the information of the area to be tested related to the water-related ecosystem service;
comparing and calibrating the calculation result of the water-related ecosystem service with actual data to obtain a calibration result;
sampling the calculation result and the related data of the target driving factor to the minimum unit precision of the area to be measured through a geographic information calculation platform according to the calibration result;
taking the calculation results of the multiple water-related ecosystem services under the minimum unit precision of the area to be measured as dependent variables and the related data of the target driving factor as independent variables to construct a simultaneous equation set;
determining a qualified target simultaneous equation set by performing parameter estimation on the coefficients of the dependent variable and the independent variable of the simultaneous equation set;
and constructing a water-correlation ecosystem service feedback loop according to the calculation result of the target simultaneous equation set.
2. The quantitative research method applicable to the water-related ecosystem service feedback loop according to claim 1, wherein in the case that the target driving factor is a landscape index target driving factor, the relevant data of the landscape index target driving factor is obtained by inputting land utilization and land cover data in the target data into Fragstats software for calculation.
3. The quantitative research method applicable to the water-related ecosystem service feedback loop according to claim 1, wherein the determining of the target driving factor and the data related to the target driving factor of the water-related ecosystem service of the area to be tested by combing the information related to the water-related ecosystem service of the area to be tested comprises:
determining a driving factor of the water-related ecosystem service of the area to be detected by performing document combing on the area to be detected, and determining a theoretical relationship between the water-related ecosystem service of the area to be detected and the driving factor by performing biophysical process combing on the area to be detected;
carrying out spatial analysis, correlation analysis and land utilization analysis on the water-related ecosystem service of the area to be detected and the driving factors of the water-related ecosystem service of the area to be detected, and removing the driving factors which do not conform to the theoretical relationship to obtain target driving factors;
and acquiring relevant data of the target driving factor.
4. The quantitative research method applicable to the water-related ecosystem service feedback loop according to claim 1, wherein the sampling the calculation result and the data related to the target driving factor to the minimum unit precision of the area to be tested through a geographic information calculation platform according to the calibration result comprises:
when the calibration result is smaller than or equal to a first threshold value, sampling the calculation result and the related data of the target driving factor to the minimum unit precision of the area to be measured through a geographic information calculation platform;
when the calibration result is larger than a first threshold value, adjusting calibration parameters in a water-related ecosystem service calculation model; calculating the water-related ecosystem service of the area to be detected through the water-related ecosystem service calculation model adjusted by the calibration parameters to obtain a calculation result of the water-related ecosystem service of the area to be detected, continuously comparing the calculation result with the first threshold value until the obtained calculation result of the water-related ecosystem service of the area to be detected is less than or equal to the first threshold value, and sampling the calculation result and the data related to the target driving factor to the minimum unit precision of the area to be detected through a geographic information calculation platform.
5. The quantitative research method applicable to the feedback loop of the water-related ecosystem service according to claim 1, wherein the data related to the calculation of the water-related ecosystem service in the area to be tested at least comprises: meteorological data, geographical elevation data, land utilization and land coverage data, biophysical information data;
the water-related ecosystem service at least comprises: water production ecosystem service, soil erosion ecosystem service, soil maintenance ecosystem service, nitrogen element output ecosystem service and phosphorus element output system service.
6. The quantitative research method applicable to the feedback loop of the water-related ecosystem service according to claim 1, wherein before the simultaneous equation set is constructed by using the calculation results of the plurality of water-related ecosystem services at the minimum unit precision of the region to be tested as dependent variables and the related data of the target driving factor as independent variables, the method further comprises:
carrying out co-linearity check on the related data of the target driving factor under the minimum unit precision, and eliminating the target driving factor of which the variance expansion factor index exceeds a second threshold value in the target driving factors;
performing normality test on the related data of the target driving factors remaining after the elimination operation is performed to obtain a normal test result;
carrying out normalization processing on the related data of the target driving factors which are distributed in a non-normal mode according to the normal verification result;
the method for constructing the simultaneous equation set by using the calculation results of the multiple water-related ecosystem services under the minimum unit precision of the area to be detected as the dependent variables and the related data of the target driving factor as the independent variables comprises the following steps:
and constructing a simultaneous equation set by taking the calculation results of the multiple water-related ecosystem services under the minimum unit precision of the region to be detected as dependent variables and taking the normalized related data of the target driving factor as independent variables.
7. The quantitative research method for the water-related ecosystem service feedback loop according to claim 1, wherein the determining the qualified target simultaneous equations by performing parameter estimation on the coefficients of the dependent variables and the independent variables of the simultaneous equations comprises:
according to the values of the dependent variable and the independent variable in the simultaneous equation set, carrying out parameter estimation on the coefficients of the dependent variable and the independent variable in the simultaneous equation set to obtain a first simultaneous equation set;
determining whether the first simultaneous equation set is qualified or not through target statistics in the goodness-of-fit;
and when the target statistic exceeds a third threshold value, determining the first simultaneous equation set as a qualified target simultaneous equation set.
8. The quantitative research method applicable to the water-related ecosystem service feedback loop according to claim 7, wherein when the target statistic does not exceed a third threshold, the target driving factor of the region to be measured is corrected;
the establishing of the simultaneous equation set by using the calculation results of the multiple water-related ecosystem services under the minimum unit precision of the region to be measured as dependent variables and the related data of the target driving factor as independent variables comprises the following steps:
and taking the calculation results of the multiple water-related ecosystem services under the minimum unit precision of the region to be detected as dependent variables and the corrected related data of the target driving factor as independent variables to construct a simultaneous equation set.
9. The quantitative research method applicable to the water-related ecosystem service feedback loop according to claim 7, wherein the determining that the first simultaneous equation system is a qualified target simultaneous equation system when the target statistic exceeds a third threshold value includes:
when the target statistic exceeds a third threshold, determining the first simultaneous equation set as a qualified first target simultaneous equation set;
and performing parameter fitting on the first target simultaneous equation set, and removing the calculation result item of the non-obvious water-related ecosystem service as an independent variable to obtain the target simultaneous equation set.
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| CN113159560A (en) * | 2021-04-15 | 2021-07-23 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | Optimized configuration method for psammophyte industry |
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