CN115792136A - Gas concentration detection method and device, terminal equipment and storage medium - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a gas concentration detection method and device, terminal equipment and a storage medium, wherein the method comprises the following steps: collecting concentration data of gas; preprocessing the concentration data to obtain a first concentration curve; obtaining a peak type function, and determining a concentration measurement value according to the first concentration curve and the peak type function; and acquiring a target fitting function, and determining the actual concentration value of the gas according to the concentration measurement value and the target fitting function. The method can quickly calculate the actual concentration of the gas in real time, has high accuracy of the detection result and consumes less calculation resources.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of gas detection technologies, and in particular, to a gas concentration detection method, a gas concentration detection apparatus, a computer-readable storage medium, and a terminal device.
Background
In the tunable diode laser absorption spectrum technology, a fitting linear reference baseline is adopted for measuring the gas concentration by a direct absorption method, then a reference signal and an absorption signal are divided according to the Beer-Lambert law, and the gas concentration is calculated by searching a peak point or solving an absorption integral area. However, since the baseline fitting needs to use non-absorption linear regions before and after the absorption peak, and is influenced by noise introduced from various aspects such as spectral line broadening, laser wavelength scanning wavelength and time limitation, vibration, particles and the like, the uncertainty of fitting the two regions in practical application is very large, particularly, the concentration repeatability and stability obtained by calculation under low concentration are poor, and the application in complex and severe working environments cannot be met.
In the related art, in order to eliminate the influence of external optical path interference, circuit internal noise, laser power change and the like on a reference baseline, technicians introduce methods such as sinusoidal wavelength modulation, interferometer obtaining a reference optical path, and application of a genetic algorithm and the like to detect the gas concentration. However, these systems and algorithms increase the complexity of the optical path, consume a large amount of computing resources, cannot detect the gas concentration in real time, and are not suitable for embedded gas detection systems.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving, at least to some extent, one of the technical problems in the related art. Therefore, a first object of the present invention is to provide a gas concentration detection method, which can calculate the actual concentration of the gas quickly in real time, and has high accuracy of the detection result and low consumption of calculation resources.
A second object of the present invention is to provide a gas concentration detection apparatus.
A third object of the invention is to propose a computer-readable storage medium.
A fourth object of the present invention is to provide a terminal device.
In order to achieve the above object, a first embodiment of the present invention provides a gas concentration detection method, including: collecting concentration data of gas; preprocessing the concentration data to obtain a first concentration curve; obtaining a peak type function, and determining a concentration measurement value according to the first concentration curve and the peak type function; and acquiring a target fitting function, and determining the actual concentration value of the gas according to the concentration measurement value and the target fitting function.
According to the gas concentration detection method provided by the embodiment of the invention, firstly, the concentration data of the gas is collected, the concentration data is preprocessed to obtain a first concentration curve, then a peak type function is obtained, the concentration measurement value is determined according to the first concentration curve and the peak type function, then a target fitting function is obtained, and the actual concentration value of the gas is determined according to the concentration measurement value and the target fitting function. Therefore, the method can quickly calculate the actual concentration of the gas in real time, the detection result accuracy is high, and the consumed calculation resources are few.
In addition, the gas concentration detection method according to the above embodiment of the present invention may further have the following additional technical features:
according to one embodiment of the invention, obtaining a peak-type function comprises: acquiring a Gaussian curve, a Lorentz curve and a scale factor; and determining a peak type function according to the Gaussian curve, the Lorentzian curve and the scale factor.
According to one embodiment of the invention, obtaining the scale factor comprises: acquiring second concentration data of the gas at normal temperature and normal pressure; and performing least squares fitting processing on the second concentration data by using a peak type function to obtain a scale factor.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the peak-type function is determined by the following formula:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,representing a peak-type function, k represents a scale factor,the full width at half maximum of the gaussian curve is shown,representing the full width at half maximum of the lorentz curve, i being a variable of the function.
According to one embodiment of the invention, determining a concentration measurement from a first concentration curve and a peak-type function comprises: determining a symmetrical zero area change function according to the peak type function; performing convolution operation on the first concentration curve and the symmetrical zero-area change function to obtain a third concentration curve; the maximum absolute amplitude of the third concentration curve is taken as the concentration measurement.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the third concentration curve is obtained by the following formula:
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,a third concentration profile is shown which represents,a symmetrical zero-area-variation function is represented,a first concentration profile is shown.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the symmetric zero area change function is determined by the following equation:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,denotes a symmetric zero area variation function, W =2m +1 denotes the window width of the transformation function, m is a constant, and m is a positive integer,representing a peak-type function.
According to one embodiment of the invention, obtaining an objective fitting function comprises: acquiring an actual concentration value and a concentration measurement value of the first concentration curve in the standard gas; and fitting according to the first concentration curve and the quadratic term function to determine a target fitting function.
According to one embodiment of the invention, preprocessing the concentration data to obtain a first concentration profile comprises: and preprocessing the concentration data by adopting Kalman filtering.
In order to achieve the above object, a second embodiment of the present invention provides a gas concentration detection apparatus, including: the acquisition module is used for acquiring concentration data of the gas; the processing module is used for preprocessing the concentration data to obtain a first concentration curve; the first determining module is used for acquiring a peak type function and determining a concentration measured value according to the first concentration curve and the peak type function; and the second determination module is used for acquiring a target fitting function and determining the actual concentration value of the gas according to the concentration measurement value and the target fitting function.
According to the gas concentration detection device provided by the embodiment of the invention, the acquisition module acquires concentration data of gas, and the processing module preprocesses the concentration data to obtain a first concentration curve; the first determining module obtains a peak type function and determines a concentration measured value according to the first concentration curve and the peak type function; the second determination module obtains a target fitting function and determines an actual concentration value of the gas according to the concentration measurement value and the target fitting function. Therefore, the device can quickly calculate the actual concentration of the gas in real time, the accuracy of the detection result is high, and the consumed calculation resources are few.
To achieve the above object, a third aspect of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium having a gas concentration detection program stored thereon, the gas concentration detection program implementing the above gas concentration detection method when executed by a processor.
According to the computer-readable storage medium of the embodiment of the invention, by executing the gas concentration detection method, the actual concentration of the gas can be rapidly calculated in real time, the detection result accuracy is high, and the consumed calculation resources are less.
In order to achieve the above object, a fourth aspect of the present invention provides a terminal device, which includes a memory, a processor, and a gas concentration detection program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the gas concentration detection method when executing the gas concentration detection program.
According to the terminal equipment of the embodiment of the invention, by executing the gas concentration detection method, the actual concentration of the gas can be rapidly calculated in real time, the detection result accuracy is high, and the consumed calculation resource is less.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a gas concentration detection method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block schematic diagram of an embedded laser gas detection system according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of absorption curves for different gas concentrations according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flow diagram of obtaining a peak-type function according to one embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart for determining a concentration measurement from a first concentration profile and a peak-type function according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph illustrating measured and fitted values and errors for various gas concentrations according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a gas concentration detection apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a block diagram schematically illustrating a gas concentration detection apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
A gas concentration detection method, a gas concentration detection apparatus, a computer-readable storage medium, and a terminal device proposed by embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a gas concentration detection method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In one embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 2, an embedded laser gas detection system comprises: the infrared laser comprises a single chip microcomputer 10, a transmitting module 20, a laser 30, two infrared reflecting mirrors 40 which are vertically arranged, a photoelectric detector 50 and a transconductance amplifier 60. In the process of gas detection, the single chip microcomputer 10 controls the transmitting module 20 to transmit a sawtooth wave signal with a period of 10 ms to drive the laser 30 to transmit laser, after the laser transmitted by the laser 30 is absorbed by gas and reflected by the infrared reflector 40 twice, an echo signal is collected by the photoelectric detector 50 and converted into a current signal to be transmitted to the transconductance amplifier 60, the current signal of the photoelectric detector 50 is converted into a digital signal by the transconductance amplifier 60 and then output to the single chip microcomputer 10, and finally the digital signal is processed by the single chip microcomputer 10 and the gas concentration is calculated. The Laser is selected from DFB (Distributed Feedback Laser), a TEC refrigerating sheet and a thermistor are packaged in the Laser, the center wavelength of the Laser is near 1653.72 nm, the position of the center wavelength of the Laser can be changed by changing temperature and current, the width of an output line of the Laser is about 10 MHZ, and the power of the Laser is 10 mW at most.
As shown in fig. 1, the gas concentration detection method according to the embodiment of the present invention may include the following steps:
s1, collecting gas concentration data.
Specifically, the single chip microcomputer receives the acquired signals, the sampling rate is 100 kHz, the period of the sawtooth wave emission waveform is 10 ms, so that the waveform data acquired in each period reaches 1000 points, and the absorption curves of the gases with different concentrations are shown in fig. 3, wherein the abscissa is the time of the acquired absorption waveform data, the ordinate is the photovoltaic voltage, and the higher the concentration of the gas is, the more obvious the absorption peak of the corresponding absorption curve is.
And S2, preprocessing the concentration data to obtain a first concentration curve.
It can be seen from an examination of fig. 3 that there are burrs and noises in the concentration data, and the concentration data needs to be preprocessed in order to obtain an accurate gas concentration.
According to one embodiment of the invention, preprocessing the concentration data to obtain a first concentration profile comprises: and preprocessing the concentration data by adopting Kalman filtering.
Specifically, kalman filtering is performed on the data points, and in order to remove noise and burrs without affecting the waveform of the low-concentration absorption curve, a reasonable measurement noise covariance and a process noise covariance need to be selected. These two values need to be chosen properly because the filtering has no smoothing effect if the measurement noise covariance and the process noise covariance are large, and the absorption peak in the less dense absorption curve may be filtered out if the measurement noise covariance and the process noise covariance are small. In one specific example, the noise covariance Q =1e is measured -6 (ii) a Process noise covariance R =5e -5 。
And S3, obtaining a peak type function, and determining a concentration measurement value according to the first concentration curve and the peak type function.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 4, obtaining the peak type function may include the following steps:
and S31, acquiring a Gaussian curve, a Lorentz curve and a scale factor.
Specifically, the natural line shape of the spectral line is generally a lorentzian curve, but the actually obtained spectral line shape may be changed by mechanisms such as a doppler broadening due to the random motion of light-emitting atoms (molecules) in the light source into a gaussian curve, and a broadening due to the interaction (collision) between the atoms performing light absorption (or emission) and molecules of the out-of-office gas into a lorentzian curve.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the functional expression of the gaussian curve is:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,denotes the full width at half maximum of the gaussian curve, i being a variable of the function.
The functional expression of the lorentz curve is:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,representing the full width at half maximum of the lorentz curve, i being a variable of the function.
According to one embodiment of the invention, obtaining the scale factor comprises: acquiring second concentration data of the gas at normal temperature and normal pressure; and performing least squares fitting processing on the second concentration data by using a peak type function to obtain a scale factor.
Specifically, when the gas detection system detects the gas concentration, second concentration data of the gas at normal temperature and normal pressure can be obtained, the second concentration data are some data points, and least square fitting processing can be performed on the second concentration data by adopting a peak-type function, so that a scaling factor of a lorentz curve in the peak-type function can be obtained. In one embodiment of the invention, the scaling factor may be 0.6.
And S32, determining a peak type function according to the Gaussian curve, the Lorentz curve and the scale factor.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the peak-type function is determined by the following formula:
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,representing a peak-type function, k represents a scale factor,the full width at half maximum of the gaussian curve is shown,representing the full width at half maximum of the lorentz curve, i being a variable of the function.
In particular, the peak-type function is a Voigt function that is linearly consistent with the absorption curve, and the Voigt function is formally a convolution of a Lorentzian function and a Gaussian function. After the gaussian curve, the lorentz curve, and the scale factor k are obtained in step S31, the formula (1) and the formula (2) may be convolved, and the scale factor k is substituted to obtain the formula (3), so that the peak function may be determined。
According to one embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 5, determining a concentration measurement from a first concentration profile and a peak-type function may include the steps of:
and S33, determining a symmetrical zero-area change function according to the peak type function.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the symmetric zero-area-change function is determined by the following equation:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,represents a symmetric zero area variation function, W =2m +1 represents the window width of the transformation function,m is a constant and m is a positive integer,representing a peak-type function.
And S34, carrying out convolution operation on the first concentration curve and the symmetrical zero-area change function to obtain a third concentration curve.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the third concentration curve is obtained by the following formula:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,a third concentration profile is shown which represents,a symmetrical zero-area-variation function is represented,a first concentration profile is shown.
Specifically, a peak-type functionSubstituting into formula (4) to obtain a symmetrical zero-area variation function. And then substituting the first concentration curve and the symmetrical zero-area change function into a formula (5) to carry out convolution operation, thereby obtaining a third concentration curve. Wherein in one embodiment of the present invention, the third concentration curve is shown in the upper left corner of fig. 3. It should be understood that the window width W is related to the depth of the recess of the first concentration curve, and since the first concentration curve needs to be entirely covered in the convolution process, the window width W needs to be reasonably selected, for example, when the gas concentration is 12%, the recess of the concentration curve is very deep and wide, the number of data points of the window width W can be selected to be 101, and then m has a value of 50.
And S35, taking the maximum amplitude absolute value of the third concentration curve as a concentration measurement value.
Specifically, after the third concentration curve is obtained, the amplitude of the third concentration curve can be obtained. And taking the amplitude with the largest absolute value in the amplitudes of the third concentration curve as the concentration measurement value. Therefore, the accuracy of searching the peak value under low concentration can be ensured, the interference of non-absorption peak signals can be eliminated, and the low concentration absorption peak identification and calculation are facilitated.
And S4, acquiring a target fitting function, and determining the actual concentration value of the gas according to the concentration measurement value and the target fitting function.
According to one embodiment of the invention, obtaining an objective fitting function comprises: acquiring an actual concentration value and a concentration measurement value of the first concentration curve in the standard gas; and fitting according to the first concentration curve and the quadratic term function to determine a target fitting function.
Specifically, the actual concentration value of the standard gas may be calibrated, and then the first concentration curve at this time is obtained by the gas detection system, and the concentration measurement value of the standard gas is calculated according to the first concentration curve. And then, converting the actual concentration value of the standard gas, and repeating the process to obtain the concentration measurement values of the standard gas with different concentrations. Actual concentration values and concentration measurements of standard gases of different concentrations are then fitted to a quadratic term function, so that a target fitting function can be determined.
Specifically, the quadratic term function can be represented by the following formula:
and respectively substituting the actual concentration value and the concentration measurement value into a formula (6), wherein the actual concentration value is substituted into N (x), the concentration measurement value is substituted into x, and the specific values of three constants A, B and C can be obtained through the actual concentration value and the concentration measurement value of the standard gas with different concentrations, so that a target fitting function can be determined. In one specific example, the measured values and fitted values at different gas concentrations are shown in FIG. 6, and it can be seen that the relative error produced by the fitting is very small.
After obtaining the target fitting function, the concentration measurement value obtained in step S3 may be substituted as x into the target fitting function, so as to obtain the actual concentration value N (x) of the gas.
In summary, according to the gas concentration detection method of the embodiment of the present invention, first, concentration data of a gas is collected and preprocessed to obtain a first concentration curve, then a peak-type function is obtained, a concentration measurement value is determined according to the first concentration curve and the peak-type function, a target fitting function is obtained, and an actual concentration value of the gas is determined according to the concentration measurement value and the target fitting function. Therefore, the method can quickly calculate the actual concentration of the gas in real time, the detection result accuracy is high, and the consumed calculation resources are few.
Corresponding to the embodiment, the invention also provides a gas concentration detection device.
Fig. 7 is a block diagram schematically illustrating a gas concentration detection apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 7, a gas concentration detection apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention may include: an acquisition module 110, a processing module 120, a first determination module 130, and a second determination module 140.
The collection module 110 is used to collect concentration data of the gas. The processing module 120 is configured to pre-process the concentration data to obtain a first concentration curve. The first determination module 130 is configured to obtain a peak-type function and determine a concentration measurement from the first concentration profile and the peak-type function. The second determining module 140 is configured to obtain a target fitting function, and determine an actual concentration value of the gas according to the concentration measurement value and the target fitting function.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the first determining module 130 obtains a peak-type function, specifically, a gaussian curve, a lorentz curve, and a scale factor; and determining a peak type function according to the Gaussian curve, the Lorentz curve and the scale factor.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the first determining module 130 obtains a scaling factor, specifically, obtains second concentration data of the gas at normal temperature and normal pressure; and performing least squares fitting processing on the second concentration data by using a peak type function to obtain a scale factor.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the first determining module 130 determines the peak-type function by the following formula:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,represents a peak-type function, k represents a scale factor,the full width at half maximum of the gaussian curve is shown,representing the full width at half maximum of the lorentz curve, i being a variable of the function.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the first determining module 130 determines the concentration measure from the first concentration curve and the peak-type function, in particular for determining a symmetric zero-area-variation function from the peak-type function; performing convolution operation on the first concentration curve and the symmetrical zero-area change function to obtain a third concentration curve; the maximum absolute amplitude of the third concentration curve is taken as the concentration measurement.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the first determination module 130 obtains the third concentration curve by the following equation:
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,a third concentration profile is shown, which is,a symmetrical zero-area-variation function is represented,a first concentration profile is shown.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the symmetric zero-area-change function is determined by the following equation:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,denotes a symmetric zero area variation function, W =2m +1 denotes the window width of the transformation function, m is a constant, and m is a positive integer,representing a peak-type function.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the second determining module 140 obtains a target fitting function, specifically, for obtaining an actual concentration value and a concentration measurement value of the first concentration curve at the standard gas; and fitting according to the first concentration curve and the quadratic term function to determine a target fitting function.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the processing module 120 preprocesses the concentration data to obtain a first concentration curve, specifically for preprocessing the concentration data using kalman filtering.
It should be noted that details not disclosed in the gas concentration detection apparatus of the embodiment of the present invention refer to details disclosed in the gas concentration detection method of the embodiment of the present invention, and are not repeated herein.
According to the gas concentration detection device provided by the embodiment of the invention, the acquisition module acquires concentration data of gas, and the processing module preprocesses the concentration data to obtain a first concentration curve; the first determining module obtains a peak type function and determines a concentration measured value according to the first concentration curve and the peak type function; the second determining module obtains a target fitting function and determines an actual concentration value of the gas according to the concentration measurement value and the target fitting function. Therefore, the device can quickly calculate the actual concentration of the gas in real time, the detection result accuracy is high, and the consumed calculation resources are few.
Corresponding to the above embodiment, the present invention further provides a computer readable storage medium.
A computer-readable storage medium of an embodiment of the present invention has stored thereon a gas concentration detection program that, when executed by a processor, implements the gas concentration detection method described above.
According to the computer-readable storage medium of the embodiment of the invention, by executing the gas concentration detection method, the actual concentration of the gas can be rapidly calculated in real time, the detection result accuracy is high, and the consumed calculation resources are less.
The invention further provides a terminal device corresponding to the embodiment.
Fig. 8 is a block diagram schematically illustrating a gas concentration detection apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 8, the terminal device 200 according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a memory 210, a processor 220, and a gas concentration detection program stored in the memory 210 and operable on the processor 220, and when the processor 220 executes the gas concentration detection program, the above-mentioned gas concentration detection method is implemented.
According to the terminal equipment of the embodiment of the invention, by executing the gas concentration detection method, the actual concentration of the gas can be rapidly calculated in real time, the detection result accuracy is high, and the consumed calculation resource is less.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it will be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and not to be construed as limiting the present invention, and that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (12)
1. A gas concentration detection method, comprising:
collecting concentration data of the gas;
preprocessing the concentration data to obtain a first concentration curve;
obtaining a peak type function, and determining a concentration measurement value according to the first concentration curve and the peak type function;
and acquiring a target fitting function, and determining the actual concentration value of the gas according to the concentration measurement value and the target fitting function.
2. The gas concentration detection method according to claim 1, wherein obtaining a peak-type function includes:
acquiring a Gaussian curve, a Lorentz curve and a scale factor;
and determining the peak type function according to the Gaussian curve, the Lorentz curve and the scale factor.
3. The gas concentration detection method according to claim 2, wherein obtaining the scaling factor includes:
acquiring second concentration data of the gas at normal temperature and normal pressure;
and performing least square fitting processing on the second concentration data by adopting the peak type function to obtain the scale factor.
4. The gas concentration detection method according to claim 2, wherein the peak type function is determined by the following formula:
5. The gas concentration detection method according to claim 1, wherein determining a concentration measurement value from the first concentration curve and the peak-type function comprises:
determining a symmetrical zero-area variation function according to the peak type function;
performing convolution operation on the first concentration curve and the symmetrical zero-area change function to obtain a third concentration curve;
and taking the maximum amplitude absolute value of the third concentration curve as the concentration measurement value.
6. The gas concentration detection method according to claim 5, wherein the third concentration curve is obtained by the following formula:
7. The gas concentration detection method according to claim 5, wherein the symmetric zero-area variation function is determined by the following formula:
8. The gas concentration detection method according to claim 1, wherein obtaining an objective fitting function includes:
acquiring an actual concentration value and a concentration measurement value of the first concentration curve in standard gas;
and fitting according to the first concentration curve and a quadratic term function to determine the target fitting function.
9. The gas concentration detection method according to claim 1, wherein preprocessing the concentration data to obtain a first concentration profile comprises:
and preprocessing the concentration data by adopting Kalman filtering.
10. A gas concentration detection apparatus, characterized by comprising:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring concentration data of the gas;
the processing module is used for preprocessing the concentration data to obtain a first concentration curve;
the first determining module is used for obtaining a peak type function and determining a concentration measurement value according to the first concentration curve and the peak type function;
and the second determination module is used for acquiring a target fitting function and determining the actual concentration value of the gas according to the concentration measurement value and the target fitting function.
11. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that a gas concentration detection program is stored thereon, which when executed by a processor implements the gas concentration detection method according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
12. A terminal device comprising a memory, a processor, and a gas concentration detection program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the gas concentration detection method according to any one of claims 1 to 9 when executing the gas concentration detection program.
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