CN115788701B - Method for realizing continuous detonation - Google Patents
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- CN115788701B CN115788701B CN202211617612.6A CN202211617612A CN115788701B CN 115788701 B CN115788701 B CN 115788701B CN 202211617612 A CN202211617612 A CN 202211617612A CN 115788701 B CN115788701 B CN 115788701B
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- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 181
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004200 deflagration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000037452 priming Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for realizing continuous detonation, in particular to a method for realizing continuous detonation by alternately spraying combustible mixtures at two focuses of a central elliptical surface of an ellipsoidal detonation chamber and actively igniting, wherein compression waves combusted by the combustible mixtures at each focus are concentrated at the other focus by reflection energy of the inner wall surface of the ellipsoidal body, the energy is continuously concentrated and overlapped to quickly generate detonation areas at the two focuses, and after successful detonation, the combustible mixtures sprayed at the focuses are spontaneously ignited due to high energy concentration to alternately generate detonation waves. The continuous detonation enables detonation wave energy to continuously apply work to the outside, the power density of the detonation engine is greatly improved compared with intermittent work, the geometrical characteristics of the ellipsoidal detonation chamber are utilized to gather energy, detonation under an auxiliary device is not needed, and the structure is simpler.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of pulse detonation engines, in particular to a method for realizing continuous detonation.
Background
Detonation is a composite process of fluid dynamics and chemical reaction dynamics, the propagation speed of detonation wave is several orders of magnitude higher than the combustion speed, and the chemical reaction process in detonation releases heat at high speed, so that the output power of detonation is very high, and the detonation is a unique energy conversion mode.
The pulse detonation engine is an engine which generates thrust by utilizing high-temperature and high-pressure gas generated by intermittent detonation waves, has the characteristics of simple structure, light weight, high thermal efficiency, large thrust and the like, and has potential to become a new generation of aerospace power device.
The working process of the common pulse detonation engine is as follows: a long detonation tube is arranged, one end of the detonation tube is closed, and the other end of the detonation tube is open; after the tube is filled with the combustible mixture from the air inlet at the closed end, the air inlet is closed; igniting at the closed end, and starting the ignited combustible mixture to burn in a deflagration mode, reflecting back from the closed end, and continuously strengthening to form detonation waves after a series of compression waves catch up with the compression waves transmitted to the open end and transmitting to the open end; finally, spraying out the pipe to do work; then, the sparse wave reflected from the atmosphere propagates to the sealed end of the detonation tube, and the waste gas in the detonation tube is discharged; the above-described duty cycle is repeated.
As can be seen from the working mode of the pulse detonation engine in the prior art, each time a combustible mixture is introduced into one end of a long pipe, detonation waves can start the next working cycle after undergoing three complete stages (forming, stable propagation in the pipe and entering an external flow field) and the detonation pipe discharges waste gas, a certain time interval is reserved between two adjacent detonation wave working processes, so that the working characteristic of the pulse detonation engine in the prior art is intermittent and periodic, the discontinuous working mode can not continuously work on a load, and the output power density of the detonation engine is small.
In various technologies of detonation engines, the generation process (detonation) of detonation waves is one of important points and difficulties. There are two types of priming: rapid ignition detonation (high energy intensity detonation) and slow-burn-to-detonation within a short distance, because the energy required for direct detonation is greater, the latter being the preferred and common means of detonation. The detonation mode of slow combustion-to-detonation is used in the working process of the pulse detonation engine. It is also often desirable to add obstacles (e.g., augers, turbulators, perforated baffles, etc.) within the long detonation tube to increase the rate of flame propagation to promote detonation wave formation; or a small auxiliary pre-detonation tube is added to realize the formation of detonation waves in the main detonation tube through the diffraction of the detonation waves. It can be seen that auxiliary structures or devices must be added inside or outside the long detonation tube to ensure proper detonation. Therefore, the detonation engine of the prior art is more complex in structure, and the detonation process is more complex and difficult to control.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects or shortcomings of the prior art, the invention provides a method for realizing continuous detonation, overcomes the shortcomings of intermittent detonation in the prior art, and changes the complex structure of the detonation tube in the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention comprises the following components:
a method for realizing continuous detonation comprises the following steps in sequence:
S1: introducing a combustible mixture into one focal point of the central elliptical surface of the ellipsoidal detonation chamber;
s2: actively igniting at the first focal point to ignite the combustible mixture;
S3: the compression wave generated by combustion propagates in all directions, and energy reflected by the inner wall surface of the cavity of the ellipsoidal detonation chamber is gathered to a second focus of the central ellipsoidal surface;
s4: spraying a combustible mixture at a second focal point of the central elliptical surface;
S5: actively igniting at the second focus to ignite the combustible mixture;
s6: the compression wave propagates in all directions and is reflected by the inner wall of the ellipsoidal cavity, and then energy is gathered to a focus;
s7: repeating S1-S6, detecting parameters in the ellipsoidal detonation chamber at the same time, and when the spontaneous ignition of the first focus and the second focus is determined to form a detonation zone, successfully detonating in the detonation chamber;
s8: and continuously and alternately spraying a combustible mixture at the first focus and the second focus, and automatically igniting the combustible mixture in each detonation zone to quickly form alternate detonation waves, so as to realize continuous detonation in the ellipsoidal detonation chamber.
In step S7, the ignition frequency in the ellipsoidal detonation chamber can be detected, and when the ignition frequency is higher than the pre-calibrated threshold value, the active ignition frequency is reduced or the active ignition is stopped.
In the step S7, the temperature and the pressure in the ellipsoidal detonation chamber can be detected, and when the temperature and the pressure are higher than the threshold value calibrated in advance, the active ignition frequency is reduced or the active ignition is stopped.
The combustible mixture may be a combustible gas in which the combustible gas and air are pre-thoroughly mixed outside the detonation chamber.
The combustible mixture may also be a mixture that is pre-thoroughly mixed with air outside the detonation chamber after atomization of the liquid fuel.
When liquid fuel is used, liquid fuel can be injected into the ellipsoidal detonation chamber from the two end points of the long axis of the central ellipsoidal surface of the ellipsoidal chamber, the liquid fuel is gasified in a high-temperature environment in the detonation chamber, and the liquid fuel is mixed with air injected at the focus of the central ellipsoidal surface in the detonation chamber to form the combustible mixture in steps S1 and S4.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
According to the invention, under the mode that the two focuses are alternately sprayed into the combustible mixture at high frequency, by utilizing the geometrical characteristics of the ellipsoid, the energy focusing superposition at the two focuses rapidly forms two detonation areas, so that the detonation is rapid, and the detonation time is shorter; after detonation, the combustible mixture directly enters the detonation region as soon as entering the detonation chamber, spontaneous ignition rapidly forms detonation waves, the work efficiency of the combustible mixture at each focus is improved, and the two detonation regions alternately emit detonation waves to double the efficiency so as to realize continuous detonation. The continuous detonation enables detonation wave energy to continuously apply work to the outside, and compared with intermittent work, the power density of the detonation engine is greatly improved.
In the long detonation tube structure in the prior art, auxiliary devices such as barriers or pre-detonation tubes are arranged in the tubes to promote the formation of detonation waves. The continuous detonation method fully utilizes the geometric characteristics of the ellipsoidal detonation chamber, does not need auxiliary devices, and has simpler structure and simpler and easier control of working steps.
Drawings
Fig. 1: schematic diagram of an ellipsoidal detonation chamber of the invention.
1-An ellipsoidal detonation chamber, 2-a central ellipsoid, M-a first focus and N-a second focus.
Detailed Description
The conception, specific structure, and technical effects of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings to fully understand the objects, features, and effects of the present invention.
The method for realizing continuous detonation of the invention is characterized in that the detonation wave forming mode of the pulse detonation engine in the prior art is changed creatively, a long tubular detonation tube is not used, and continuous detonation is realized in an ellipsoidal detonation chamber 1 according to certain steps.
As shown in fig. 1, the ellipsoid is a revolution body obtained by rotating a central ellipsoid 2 around its short axis AB for one revolution, and the ellipsoidal detonation chamber 1 is a hollow ellipsoidal cavity structure having a uniform wall thickness.
The two focuses of the central ellipsoid 2 are focus one M and focus two N, respectively. Since the sum of distances from any point on the ellipse to the two focuses is equal, the sum of distances from any point on the inner wall of the ellipsoidal detonation chamber 1 to the focus one M and the focus two N is equal. Therefore, detonation waves emitted by the first focus M can reach the second focus N at the same time after being reflected by any point on the inner wall surface of the ellipsoid, and detonation waves emitted by the second focus N can reach the first focus M at the same time after being reflected by any point on the inner wall surface of the ellipsoid.
In the specific embodiment, a combustible mixture is introduced into a focus M of a central elliptical surface 2 of an ellipsoidal detonation chamber; then actively igniting at a focus M to ignite the combustible mixture; compression waves generated by combustion are transmitted in all directions, reflected by the inner wall surface of the cavity of the ellipsoidal detonation chamber 1 and then gathered to a second N focus of the central ellipsoidal surface 2; then, introducing a combustible mixture at a second focus N; actively igniting at a second focus N to ignite the combustible mixture; the compression wave propagates in all directions and is reflected by the inner wall of the cavity to be gathered at a focus M; the above cycle is continuously repeated, the combustible mixture is alternately sprayed at the first focus M and the second focus N and is actively ignited, in the process of carrying out a plurality of working cycles, the energy at the first focus M and the second focus N is continuously overlapped and gathered, two detonation areas are rapidly formed, and the combustible mixture alternately sprayed at the first focus M and the second focus N is rapidly and rapidly combusted and detonated in the detonation areas.
In the working process, when the combustible mixture at the second N position of the focus enters the detonation chamber, the compression wave energy just generated by the first M position of the focus is just reflected and gathered to the second N position of the focus, so that the combustible mixture at the second N position of the focus can immediately form the compression wave after entering the detonation chamber for ignition, and the combustible mixture can be immediately ignited to form the compression wave after the same energy gathering at the first M position of the focus, so that the energy is alternately gathered and overlapped, and the purpose of rapid detonation (forming the detonation wave) is achieved. In the prior art, each time the combustible mixture enters the detonation tube, the energy accumulation process from the compression wave to the detonation wave is carried out, so that the detonation process is faster and the detonation time is shorter.
After the ellipsoidal detonation chamber 1 is successfully detonated, detonation areas are formed at the first focus M and the second focus N, energy gathered at the first focus M and the second focus N is enough to spontaneously ignite a combustible mixture, active ignition is not needed, at the moment, the combustible mixture sprayed at the first focus enters the detonation areas directly as soon as the combustible mixture enters the detonation chambers, and is rapidly and spontaneously ignited to form detonation waves.
In the prior art, the combustible gas injected into the long detonation tube in each cycle is subjected to the processes of detonation wave formation, stable propagation in the tube, external work application and exhaust gas discharge, so that a new combustible mixture can be injected into the next cycle. According to the invention, the combustible mixture sprayed by each focus rapidly forms detonation waves and externally works on the basis of the previous energy accumulation, the detonation waves at the other focus immediately enter an externally working link while the waste gas is discharged, the detonation waves are alternately generated at the two focuses, and the power density of the detonation engine is increased by times by alternately working the detonation waves externally.
For the detection of successful detonation (detonation wave has been formed) in the detonation chamber, there are two ways, embodiment one: and after the ignition frequency is higher than the threshold value calibrated in advance, the detonation wave is spontaneously formed, so that the active ignition frequency can be reduced or the active ignition can be stopped. Embodiment two: and detecting the temperature and the pressure in the detonation chamber, and reducing the active ignition frequency or stopping the active ignition when the temperature and the pressure are higher than the threshold value calibrated in advance.
The active ignition is to set an igniter at the focus and actively control the ignition frequency of the igniter. Spontaneous ignition is the focusing of energy sufficient to spontaneously ignite a combustible mixture.
The combustible mixture introduced into the detonation chamber may be a combustible gas in which the combustible gas and air are pre-thoroughly mixed outside the detonation chamber.
The combustible mixture may also be a mixture that is pre-thoroughly mixed with air outside the detonation chamber after atomization of the liquid fuel.
The liquid fuel can be sprayed into the detonation chamber from two end points of the long axis of the central elliptical surface 2 of the ellipsoidal detonation chamber 1, gasified in the high-temperature environment in the detonation chamber, and mixed with air sprayed into the focus of the central elliptical surface 2 in the detonation chamber to be burnt as a combustible mixture.
In summary, compared with the working process of periodically and intermittently generating thrust of the pulse detonation engine in the prior art, the invention utilizes the geometrical characteristics of the ellipsoid to form two detonation areas rapidly by superposition of energy accumulation at the two focuses in a mode of alternately spraying the combustible mixture at high frequency by the two focuses, and has the advantages of rapid detonation and shorter detonation time; after detonation, the combustible mixture directly enters the detonation region as soon as entering the detonation chamber, spontaneous ignition rapidly forms detonation waves, the work efficiency of the combustible mixture at each focus is improved, and the two detonation regions alternately emit detonation waves to double the efficiency so as to realize continuous detonation. The continuous detonation enables detonation wave energy to continuously apply work to the outside, and compared with intermittent work, the power density of the detonation engine is greatly improved.
The continuous detonation method of the invention fully utilizes the geometric characteristics of an ellipsoidal detonation chamber, does not need auxiliary devices, has simpler structure and simpler and easier control of working steps.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the present invention, and are not limiting of the present invention. While the invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various combinations, modifications, and equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and it is intended to cover the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for realizing continuous detonation, which is characterized by comprising the following steps in sequence:
s1: introducing a combustible mixture at a focus I (M) of a central elliptical surface (2) of the ellipsoidal detonation chamber (1);
S2: actively igniting at said first focal point (M) to ignite the combustible mixture;
S3: the compression wave generated by combustion propagates in all directions, and energy reflected by the inner wall surface of the cavity of the ellipsoidal detonation chamber (1) is gathered to a focus II (N) of the central ellipsoidal surface (2);
s4: spraying a combustible mixture at the focal point two (N) of the central ellipsoid (2);
s5: actively igniting at the focal point two (N), igniting a combustible mixture;
s6: the compression wave propagates in all directions and is reflected by the inner wall of the ellipsoidal cavity to be concentrated at the first focus (M);
s7: repeating S1-S6, detecting parameters in the ellipsoidal detonation chamber (1) at the same time, and when the self-ignition of the first focus (M) and the second focus (N) is determined to form a detonation zone, successfully detonating in the detonation chamber;
s8: and continuously and alternately spraying a combustible mixture at the first focus (M) and the second focus (N), wherein the combustible mixture spontaneously ignites in each detonation zone to quickly form alternate detonation waves, and continuous detonation is realized in the ellipsoidal detonation chamber (1).
2. Method for implementing continuous detonation according to claim 1, characterized in that in step S7 the ignition frequency in the ellipsoidal detonation chamber (1) is detected, and when above a pre-calibrated threshold, the active ignition frequency is reduced or the active ignition is stopped.
3. Method for implementing continuous detonation according to claim 1, characterized in that in step S7 the temperature and pressure inside the ellipsoidal detonation chamber (1) are detected, and when above a pre-calibrated threshold, the active ignition frequency is reduced or the active ignition is stopped.
4. The method of achieving continuous detonation of claim 1, wherein the combustible mixture is a combustible gas that is pre-mixed with air outside of the detonation chamber.
5. The method of achieving continuous detonation of claim 1, wherein the combustible mixture is a pre-mixed mixture with air outside the detonation chamber after atomization of the liquid fuel.
6. A method for achieving continuous detonation according to claim 1, characterized in that liquid fuel is injected into the ellipsoidal detonation chamber (1) from the two end points of the long axis of the central ellipsoid (2) of the ellipsoidal detonation chamber (1), the liquid fuel is gasified in the detonation chamber in a high temperature environment, and the air injected at the focus of the central ellipsoid (2) is mixed in the detonation chamber, constituting the combustible mixture in steps S1 and S4.
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101776029A (en) * | 2010-01-21 | 2010-07-14 | 上海大学 | Combustion pursuing device |
| CN112867904A (en) * | 2018-08-06 | 2021-05-28 | 线性成形有限公司 | Detonation wavefront controller |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US6964171B2 (en) * | 2003-09-11 | 2005-11-15 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Method and apparatus using jets to initiate detonations |
| CN114252269B (en) * | 2021-12-28 | 2024-06-11 | 南京理工大学 | Device and method for constructing detonation wave lateral expansion weak constraint boundary |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101776029A (en) * | 2010-01-21 | 2010-07-14 | 上海大学 | Combustion pursuing device |
| CN112867904A (en) * | 2018-08-06 | 2021-05-28 | 线性成形有限公司 | Detonation wavefront controller |
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