CN115788286B - Coal rock mass pressure relief quasi-elliptic drilling guide slotting pressure relief method - Google Patents

Coal rock mass pressure relief quasi-elliptic drilling guide slotting pressure relief method Download PDF

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CN115788286B
CN115788286B CN202211623408.5A CN202211623408A CN115788286B CN 115788286 B CN115788286 B CN 115788286B CN 202211623408 A CN202211623408 A CN 202211623408A CN 115788286 B CN115788286 B CN 115788286B
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pressure relief
drilling
rod
auxiliary
drill bit
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CN115788286A (en
Inventor
乔伟
程香港
贺虎
刘梦楠
孟祥胜
谢俊霞
任洋洋
黄荣杰
蔡进
汪祯
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China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
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China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
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Abstract

The invention discloses a coal rock mass pressure relief elliptical drilling guiding slotting pressure relief method, which utilizes a main drill bit to be matched with auxiliary drill bits which can extend to two sides, and constructs elliptical holes in the drilling process; through carrying out the direction fluting in oval relief vent of class inside, effectively strengthen traditional oval relief vent release effect for stress can release according to the guide way, in addition, for hydraulic fracturing and blasting release provide good passageway, optimized fracturing direction and blasting scope, reach the purpose of anti-reflection release, fully satisfy the green safe high-efficient production of mine, the demand of prevention and cure rock burst.

Description

Coal rock mass pressure relief quasi-elliptic drilling guide slotting pressure relief method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of coal mine safety exploitation, in particular to a coal rock mass pressure relief elliptical drilling guide slotting pressure relief method.
Background
The pressure relief method for the large-diameter drilling of the coal rock mass is the most commonly used pressure relief method for the stress of the coal rock mass, and other pressure relief methods can be used for blasting and hydraulic fracturing after the pressure relief of the large-diameter drilling of the coal rock mass, so that the pressure relief enhancing effect is achieved. In the early stage, a large number of engineering practices prove that the stress concentration of the coal rock mass can be effectively reduced by the pressure relief of the large-diameter drilling holes of the coal rock mass, but due to the complexity of underground geological conditions, a plurality of troublesome problems still exist in the pressure relief of the large-diameter drilling holes of the coal rock mass:
(1) during construction, as the stratum is not homogeneous, if the stratum is penetrated, the drill bit tends to deflect towards a relatively weak layer, so that the large-diameter drilling hole is inclined, the track cannot be identified, the construction cannot be accurately performed according to the pressure relief design, and the purpose of effective pressure relief cannot be achieved.
(2) Because the deformation resistance of the round drilling hole is stronger, when the pressure relief drilling hole is densely constructed, the disturbance to surrounding rock mass is large, the surrounding rock mass of the drilling hole can bear larger pressure when the pressure is periodically applied, and the round drilling hole is not deformed or has small deformation, so that the aim of effectively relieving the pressure cannot be achieved.
(3) When the drilling holes are used for enhancing pressure relief, the distribution of the drilling holes is circular, so that the impact range of blasting and hydraulic fracturing is small, and the pressure relief effect is not obvious. Such as: hydraulic fracturing requires a large fracture pressure; roof blasting cannot be effectively connected to achieve roof cutting purposes, and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical defects, the invention aims to provide a coal rock pressure relief elliptical drilling guiding grooving pressure relief method which can accurately and effectively straighten the drilling construction direction, ensure that the drilling construction is straight and effectively follow the pressure relief design, and enable the stress to be effectively released and transferred along the diamond-like corner (dominant rupture) by constructing the elliptical drilling so as to achieve the purpose of effectively relieving the pressure; through carrying out the direction fluting in oval relief vent of class inside, effectively strengthen traditional oval relief vent release effect for stress can release according to the guide way, in addition, for hydraulic fracturing and blasting release provide good passageway, optimized fracturing direction and blasting scope, reach the purpose of anti-reflection release, fully satisfy the green safe high-efficient production of mine, the demand of prevention and cure rock burst.
According to the elastic mechanics theory, when the stressed rock body is perforated, the stress at the hole edge is far greater than the stress distribution when the hole is imperforate, and is also far greater than the stress at a position slightly far away from the hole, namely the stressed rock body is perforated, so that the stress redistribution of the rock body achieves the pressure relief effect, and in addition, the stress at the edge of the small hole is concentrated.
According to the theory of elastic mechanics, a homogeneous thin plate is provided with an elliptic orifice, the major axis and the minor axis of which are respectively 2a and 2b, and in an elliptic coordinate system, in order to transform the area occupied by the middle plane of the thin plate on the z plane into a central unit element on the zeta plane, the transformation formula is known by a complex transformation function:
where R and m are both real numbers, calculated as:
when solving the stress at a point from the edge of an elliptical hole, the point must be in a polar coordinate system (r, θ) with the endpoint of the elliptical hole as the origin, and then the geometric relationship is:
z=a+rcosθ+irsinθ
y=rsinθ
according to the theory of elastic mechanics, a stress expression expressed by polar coordinates can be obtained, and therefore, the method is simplified as:
f is the acting force of the geologic body acting around the hole, sigma x Is positive stress and sigma along X direction y For positive stress in y direction, τ xy Is the xy direction shear stress;
from the above equation, the stress of the hole edge of the elliptical orifice has a clear relationship with the curvature of the hole edge, and the stress gradually increases with the curvature. I.e., stress concentration near the major axis end points of the ellipse, the stress magnitude is higher than the stress at the minor axis end points.
When the long axis is equal to the short axis, the stress concentration degree of the hole edge of the round hole is relatively low, the deformation resistance is stronger,
assuming that the maximum principal stress of the hole edge of a conventional coal rock mass pressure relief round hole is sigma, the stress concentration coefficient of the long shaft end part caused by elliptical drilling construction is upsilon, and the maximum principal stress of the long shaft end part of the elliptical drilling is as follows:
σ′=(1+υ)σ
from strength theory, it is known that when the maximum principal stress in the rock mass reaches or exceeds the uniaxial compressive strength of the rock mass, the rock mass will fracture.
Therefore, compared with the conventional circular pressure relief drilling hole, the coal rock mass is easier to break along the end part of the elliptical long axis during pressure relief, so that the aim of effectively relieving the stress concentration of the coal rock mass and relieving the pressure is fulfilled.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a coal rock mass pressure relief elliptical drilling guide slotting pressure relief method, which comprises the following steps:
s1, designing a working face pressure relief scheme, and determining the aperture, the hole depth, the distance, the slotting position and the hole sealing length of a working face pressure relief hole;
s2, installing a drilling device at the end part of a drill rod and constructing a drilling elliptical pressure relief hole, wherein the drilling device comprises a main drill bit fixed at the front end of the drill rod, and two auxiliary drill bits capable of contracting towards the direction of the drill rod and stretching outwards are symmetrically arranged at two sides behind the main drill bit;
s3, installing a drilling centering device at the tail part of the drill rod, wherein the drilling centering device is placed at the orifice position of the pressure relief hole, so that the drill rod is always positioned at the center position of the pressure relief hole;
s4, stopping pushing the drill rod when the drilling machine drills to the designed depth, keeping the original position to rotate and reducing the drilling speed;
s5, adjusting the auxiliary drills on two sides of the drill rod to extend outwards, and cutting the hole wall by using a lateral cutting tool on the edge of the auxiliary drill;
s6, along with the fact that the distance between the auxiliary drill bit and the main drill bit is the largest, the lateral cutting tool on the auxiliary drill bit does not enter into the ruler any more;
s7, controlling auxiliary drills on two sides of the drill rod to shrink and recycle towards the direction of the drill rod, and recovering to an initial state;
s8: repeating the steps S4-S7 to continue drilling and pressure relief work until the construction of the pressure relief hole is completed;
and S9, after the pressure relief work is completed, sequentially taking down the drilling centering device and the drilling device, and at the moment, completing the pressure relief work of the coal seam drilling.
Preferably, the main drill bit is a mm impregnated diamond drill bit, the front surface of the matrix of the main drill bit is provided with a cutting tool and a water gap, the auxiliary drill bit is a mm impregnated diamond drill bit, and the front surface and the side surface of the matrix of the auxiliary drill bit are respectively provided with a forward cutting tool and a lateral cutting tool.
Preferably, the drilling device comprises a main gear arranged on the drill rod, and a control box which is rotationally connected with the drill rod is nested beside the main gear; the auxiliary drill bit is fixed with the rotating shaft of the auxiliary gear, and the main gear drives the auxiliary gear to rotate through a transmission system;
the transmission system comprises a main rod fixed on the control box, one end of the main rod, which is far away from the control box, is hinged with a secondary rod and is connected with a return spring, one end of the secondary rod, which is far away from the main rod, is rotationally connected with a secondary gear, and a chain is connected between the primary gear and the secondary gear;
the hinge points of the main rod and the auxiliary rod are provided with a driving motor, the output end of the driving motor is fixed with a driving rod, and one end of the driving rod, which is far away from the driving motor, is provided with a chain wheel meshed with the chain and is propped against the chain;
the control box is internally provided with a processor and an explosion-proof battery, the processor is electrically connected with the driving motor to control whether the chain wheel is tightly propped against the chain, the processor is in wireless connection with external communication equipment, and the processor and the driving motor are electrically connected with the explosion-proof battery.
Preferably, the drilling righting device comprises a cylinder body, a cylinder body bearing is nested in the inner wall of the cylinder body, an inner cylinder body which is coaxially arranged in the inner cavity of the cylinder body bearing is arranged in the inner cavity of the cylinder body bearing, the inner cylinder body is composed of a plurality of arc-shaped pressing pieces, and each arc-shaped pressing piece is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the cylinder body bearing through a pressing spring.
Preferably, the transmission system further comprises a protective cover which is arranged on the periphery of the main gear, the auxiliary gear and the chain and plays a role in protecting the main gear, the auxiliary gear and the chain.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method can accurately and effectively straighten the construction direction of the drilling, ensure the drilling construction to be straight, and effectively release and transfer stress along the diamond-like corners by constructing the oval drilling, so as to achieve the aim of effectively relieving pressure; through carrying out the direction fluting in oval relief vent of class inside, effectively strengthen traditional oval relief vent release effect for stress can release according to the guide way, in addition, for hydraulic fracturing and blasting release provide good passageway, optimized fracturing direction and blasting scope, reach the purpose of anti-reflection release, fully satisfy the green safe high-efficient production of mine, the demand of prevention and cure rock burst.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a main drill bit and an auxiliary drill bit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of a main drill bit and an auxiliary drill bit (forward expansion) according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the connection of a primary gear and a secondary gear according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram (top view) illustrating connection between a main gear and a pinion gear according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a borehole centralizer according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a coal seam pressure relief hole according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of the location of a dominant break in an elliptical-like hole provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals illustrate:
1. a main drill bit; 2. a secondary drill bit; 3. a pinion gear; 4. an auxiliary rod; 5. a driving motor; 6. a main rod; 7. a control box; 8. a drill rod; 9. a chain; 10. a sprocket; 11. a main gear; 12. a driving rod; 13. a cylinder; 14. an inner cylinder; 15. a cylinder bearing; 16. and (5) compressing the spring.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 7, a coal rock mass pressure relief elliptical drilling guide grooving pressure relief method,
the invention provides a coal rock mass pressure relief elliptical drilling guide slotting pressure relief method, which comprises the following steps:
s1, designing a working face pressure relief scheme, and determining the aperture, the hole depth, the distance, the slotting position and the hole sealing length of a working face pressure relief hole;
s2, installing a drilling device at the end part of a drill rod and constructing a drilling elliptical pressure relief hole, wherein the drilling device comprises a main drill bit 1 fixed at the front end of the drill rod, and two auxiliary drill bits capable of contracting towards the direction of the drill rod 8 and stretching outwards are symmetrically arranged at two sides of the rear of the main drill bit 1;
the drilling device comprises a main gear 11 arranged on the drill rod 8, and a control box 7 which is in rotary connection with the drill rod 8 is nested beside the main gear 11; the auxiliary drill bit 2 is fixed with the rotating shaft of the auxiliary gear 3, and the main gear 11 drives the auxiliary gear 3 to rotate through a transmission system;
the transmission system comprises a main rod 6 fixed on a control box 7, one end of the main rod 6 far away from the control box 7 is hinged with a secondary rod 4 and is connected with a return spring, one end of the secondary rod 4 far away from the main rod 6 is rotationally connected with a secondary gear 3, and a chain 9 is connected between a main gear 11 and the secondary gear 3;
the hinge point of the main rod 6 and the auxiliary rod 4 is provided with a driving motor 5, the output end of the driving motor 5 is fixed with a driving rod 12, and one end of the driving rod 12 away from the driving motor 5 is provided with a chain wheel 10 meshed with a chain 9 and tightly propped against the chain 9;
the control box 7 is internally provided with a processor and an explosion-proof battery, the processor is electrically connected with the driving motor 5 and is used for controlling whether the chain wheel 10 is tightly propped against the chain 9, the processor is in wireless connection with external communication equipment, the external communication equipment sends instructions to control the driving motor 5 to drive the chain wheel 10 to work, and when the driving motor 5 controls the chain wheel 10 to jack up the chain 9, the pinion gears 3 at two sides and the auxiliary drill bit 2 shrink towards the drill rod together; when the driving motor 5 controls the chain wheel 10 to recover and not jack up the chain 9, the pinion 3 and the auxiliary drill bit 2 are stretched to two sides under the tension of the return spring; the processor and the driving motor 5 are electrically connected with the explosion-proof battery.
The main drill bit is a 150mm impregnated diamond drill bit, the front face of the matrix of the main drill bit is provided with a cutting tool and a water gap, the auxiliary drill bit is a 100mm impregnated diamond drill bit, and the front face and the side face of the matrix of the auxiliary drill bit are respectively provided with a forward cutting tool and a lateral cutting tool.
S3, installing a drilling centering device at the tail part of the drill rod, wherein the drilling centering device is placed at the orifice position of the pressure relief hole, so that the drill rod is always positioned at the center position of the pressure relief hole;
the drilling righting device comprises a cylinder body 13, a cylinder body bearing is nested in the inner wall of the cylinder body, an inner cylinder body 14 coaxially arranged in the inner cavity of the cylinder body bearing is arranged in the inner cavity of the cylinder body bearing, the inner cylinder body 14 is composed of a plurality of arc-shaped pressing pieces, and each arc-shaped pressing piece is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the cylinder body bearing 15 through a pressing spring 16.
The transmission system also comprises a protective cover which is arranged on the periphery of the main gear, the auxiliary gear and the chain and plays a protective role in protecting the main gear, the auxiliary gear and the chain.
S4, stopping pushing the drill rod when the drilling machine drills to the designed depth, keeping the original position to rotate and reducing the drilling speed;
s5, adjusting the auxiliary drills on two sides of the drill rod to extend outwards, and cutting the hole wall by using a lateral cutting tool on the edge of the auxiliary drill;
s6, along with the fact that the distance between the auxiliary drill bit and the main drill bit is the largest, the lateral cutting tool on the auxiliary drill bit does not enter into the ruler any more;
s7, controlling auxiliary drills on two sides of the drill rod to shrink and recycle towards the direction of the drill rod, and recovering to an initial state;
s8: repeating the steps S4-S7 to continue drilling and pressure relief work until the construction of the pressure relief hole is completed;
and S9, after the pressure relief work is completed, sequentially taking down the drilling centering device and the drilling device, and at the moment, completing the pressure relief work of the coal seam drilling.
Compared with the conventional circular pressure relief drilling, when the coal and rock mass is subjected to pressure relief, the coal and rock mass is more likely to break along the end part of the elliptical long axis (the dominant breaking part is shown in fig. 7), so that the aim of effectively relieving the stress concentration of the coal and rock mass and relieving the pressure is fulfilled. The method can accurately and effectively straighten the construction direction of the drilling, ensure the drilling construction to be straight, effectively follow the pressure relief design, and effectively release and transfer the stress along the diamond-like corner by constructing the oval drilling, so as to achieve the aim of effectively relieving the pressure; through carrying out the direction fluting in oval relief vent of class inside, effectively strengthen traditional oval relief vent release effect for stress can release according to the guide way, in addition, for hydraulic fracturing and blasting release provide good passageway, optimized fracturing direction and blasting scope, reach the purpose of anti-reflection release, fully satisfy the green safe high-efficient production of mine, the demand of prevention and cure rock burst.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, it is intended that the present invention also include such modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof.

Claims (4)

1. The coal rock mass pressure relief elliptical drilling guide slotting pressure relief method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, designing a working face pressure relief scheme, and determining the aperture, the hole depth, the distance, the slotting position and the hole sealing length of a working face pressure relief hole;
s2, installing a drilling device at the end part of a drill rod and constructing a drilling elliptical pressure relief hole, wherein the drilling device comprises a main drill bit fixed at the front end of the drill rod, and two auxiliary drill bits capable of contracting towards the direction of the drill rod and stretching outwards are symmetrically arranged at two sides behind the main drill bit; the front surface of the matrix of the main drill bit is provided with a cutting tool and a water gap; the front face and the side face of the auxiliary drill bit matrix are respectively provided with a forward cutting tool and a lateral cutting tool;
the drilling device comprises a main gear arranged on the drill rod, and a control box which is rotationally connected with the drill rod is nested beside the main gear; the auxiliary drill bit is fixed with the rotating shaft of the auxiliary gear, and the main gear drives the auxiliary gear to rotate through a transmission system;
the transmission system comprises a main rod fixed on the control box, one end of the main rod, which is far away from the control box, is hinged with a secondary rod and is connected with a return spring, one end of the secondary rod, which is far away from the main rod, is rotationally connected with a secondary gear, and a chain is connected between the primary gear and the secondary gear;
the hinge points of the main rod and the auxiliary rod are provided with a driving motor, the output end of the driving motor is fixed with a driving rod, and one end of the driving rod, which is far away from the driving motor, is provided with a chain wheel meshed with the chain and is propped against the chain;
the control box is internally provided with a processor and an explosion-proof battery, the processor is electrically connected with the driving motor to control whether the chain wheel is tightly propped against the chain, the processor is in wireless connection with external communication equipment, and the processor and the driving motor are electrically connected with the explosion-proof battery;
s3, installing a drilling centering device at the tail part of the drill rod, wherein the drilling centering device is placed at the orifice position of the pressure relief hole, so that the drill rod is always positioned at the center position of the pressure relief hole;
s4, stopping pushing the drill rod when the drilling machine drills to the designed depth, keeping the original position to rotate and reducing the drilling speed;
s5, adjusting the auxiliary drills on two sides of the drill rod to extend outwards, and cutting the hole wall by using a lateral cutting tool on the edge of the auxiliary drill;
s6, along with the fact that the distance between the auxiliary drill bit and the main drill bit is the largest, the lateral cutting tool on the auxiliary drill bit does not enter into the ruler any more;
s7, controlling auxiliary drills on two sides of the drill rod to shrink and recycle towards the direction of the drill rod, and recovering to an initial state;
s8: repeating the steps S4-S7 to continue drilling and pressure relief work until the construction of the pressure relief hole is completed;
and S9, after the pressure relief work is completed, sequentially taking down the drilling centering device and the drilling device, and at the moment, completing the pressure relief work of the coal seam drilling.
2. The method for relief of pressure of coal and rock mass by guiding slotting and relief of elliptic drilling of the type according to claim 1, wherein the main drill bit is a 150mm impregnated diamond drill bit, and the auxiliary drill bit is a 100mm impregnated diamond drill bit.
3. The method for pressure relief of coal and rock mass by using elliptical drilling guide slotting as claimed in claim 1, wherein the drilling centering device comprises a cylinder body, a cylinder body bearing is nested in the inner wall of the cylinder body, an inner cylinder body coaxially arranged with the cylinder body bearing is arranged in an inner cavity of the cylinder body bearing, the inner cylinder body consists of a plurality of arc-shaped pressing pieces, and each arc-shaped pressing piece is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the cylinder body bearing through a pressing spring.
4. A coal rock mass pressure relief elliptical borehole oriented grooving pressure relief method as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the transmission system also comprises a protective cover which is arranged on the periphery of the main gear, the auxiliary gear and the chain and plays a protective role in protecting the main gear, the auxiliary gear and the chain.
CN202211623408.5A 2022-12-16 2022-12-16 Coal rock mass pressure relief quasi-elliptic drilling guide slotting pressure relief method Active CN115788286B (en)

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107023295A (en) * 2017-04-14 2017-08-08 华北科技学院 A kind of hard coal erosion control destressing borehole construction method and equipment
CN107576233A (en) * 2017-09-14 2018-01-12 太原理工大学 A kind of equivalent ellipsoidal hole sets orientation broken rock method
CN110374599A (en) * 2019-07-23 2019-10-25 中国矿业大学 A kind of coal petrography drills the method for forming tunnel erosion control weak structure repeatedly
CN111894608A (en) * 2020-08-06 2020-11-06 中国矿业大学 Rectangular shield machine with Leluo triangular auxiliary cutter head
CN216690974U (en) * 2021-12-23 2022-06-07 山河智能装备股份有限公司 Drill bit

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107023295A (en) * 2017-04-14 2017-08-08 华北科技学院 A kind of hard coal erosion control destressing borehole construction method and equipment
CN107576233A (en) * 2017-09-14 2018-01-12 太原理工大学 A kind of equivalent ellipsoidal hole sets orientation broken rock method
CN110374599A (en) * 2019-07-23 2019-10-25 中国矿业大学 A kind of coal petrography drills the method for forming tunnel erosion control weak structure repeatedly
CN111894608A (en) * 2020-08-06 2020-11-06 中国矿业大学 Rectangular shield machine with Leluo triangular auxiliary cutter head
CN216690974U (en) * 2021-12-23 2022-06-07 山河智能装备股份有限公司 Drill bit

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