CN115786785A - High-strength and high-toughness heat-treatment-free die-casting aluminum-magnesium alloy, and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
High-strength and high-toughness heat-treatment-free die-casting aluminum-magnesium alloy, and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004512 die casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 69
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 67
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Abstract
The invention provides a high-strength high-toughness heat-treatment-free die-casting aluminum-magnesium alloy, a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the high-strength high-toughness heat-treatment-free die-casting aluminum-magnesium alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: mg2.5-5.5%; 0.5 to 1.5 percent of Si; ni0.8-1.5%; 0.4 to 0.8 percent of Mn0; 0.10 to 0.20 percent of Ti0.10 percent; 0.1 to 0.25 percent of Cr0; fe.4-1.20%; tiB 2 0.08-0.5%; the balance being Al. The high-strength and high-toughness heat-treatment-free die-casting aluminum-magnesium alloy has the tensile strength as high as 365MPa, the yield strength of 245MPa and the elongation of 12 percent. The high-strength and high-toughness heat-treatment-free die-casting aluminum-magnesium alloy can meet the performance requirements of production, light weight and integration of automobile part die castings, so that the application of the high-performance die-casting aluminum-magnesium alloy in the automobile die castings is expanded.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a metal material technology, in particular to a high-strength and high-toughness heat-treatment-free die-casting aluminum-magnesium alloy, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The application of integrated die casting technology has started to bring new changes in the automotive industry. The novel technology is introduced into the electric automobile industry by Tesla, and a plurality of automobile parts are die-cast into one part based on a heat-treatment-free aluminum alloy material and large-scale ultrahigh-die-locking-force die-casting machine equipment. In practical application, the technology can lighten the automobile to a certain extent, so that the endurance of the electric automobile is improved; the production processes are reduced, the production cost is reduced, and the production efficiency is improved. The heat treatment-free aluminum alloy material is the basis of the integrated die-casting technology. Because a plurality of parts are integrated together, the problems of size deformation, surface defects and the like can occur after the conventional high-temperature heat treatment is carried out, the yield is greatly influenced, and the heat treatment-free die-casting material becomes a key.
At present, the research on non-heat treatment die-casting aluminum alloy for automobile structural parts mainly focuses on two main types of Al-Si series and Al-Mg series, and the mainstream heat treatment-free materials are mechanical properties which can be obtained only by the traditional solid solution aging strengthening method by adding appropriate chemical modification elements on the basis of the traditional Al-Si series alloy and combining with the solidification condition of actual die-casting to form fine grains and fully dispersed refined structures.
The patent with the application number of CN2021100579807.5 discloses an Al-Mg high-toughness die-casting aluminum-magnesium alloy which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5 to 10 percent of Mg; si is 1 to 5 percent; cu is 0.1 to 1.0 percent; mn is 0.1 to 1.0 percent; 0.01 to 0.5 percent of Ca; be is 0.001% -0.01%; fe is not more than 0.2%; the sum of other impurities is less than 0.15%; the balance being Al. By adding elements such as Ca and Be, the burning loss of alloy elements in the die-casting process of the aluminum-magnesium alloy is avoided, the strengthening effect is improved, and the problem of unstable product molding performance is effectively solved. However, the addition of Ca, be and other elements cannot solve the problem of the refinement of the aluminum magnesium alloy structure.
How to solve the problems of structure refinement, obdurability matching and weakening of the influence of impurities on the performance of the aluminum-magnesium series die-casting alloy is an important way for improving the performance and application of the aluminum-magnesium series die-casting alloy.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-strength and high-toughness heat-treatment-free die-casting aluminum-magnesium alloy aiming at the problem that the performance of the traditional aluminum-magnesium series die-casting alloy can not meet the requirement 2 Ceramic particles improve the mechanical property of the die-casting aluminum-magnesium alloy.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a high-strength and high-toughness heat-treatment-free die-casting aluminum-magnesium alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
further, the high-strength and high-toughness heat-treatment-free die-casting aluminum-magnesium alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
further, ti in the high-strength and high-toughness cast aluminum-silicon-copper-magnesium alloy component is simple substance Ti and/or TiAl 3 . Furthermore, the high-strength and high-toughness heat-treatment-free die-casting aluminum-magnesium alloy has the tensile strength of 330MPa-365MPa, the yield strength of 220MPa-245MPa and the elongation of more than 10%. Preferably, the tensile strength is 350MPa-365MPa, the yield strength is 230MPa-245MPa, and the elongation is more than 11%. Most preferably, the tensile strength is 365MPa, the yield strength is 245MPa, and the elongation is up to 12%.
Compared with the prior art, the invention reduces the content of magnesium and silicon, removes copper, gallium and beryllium elements, increases the content of iron in the alloy, adds chromium, nickel and titanium elements, and most importantly, adds TiB 2 . The main alloy components of the existing die-casting aluminum-magnesium alloy are improved, so that the tensile strength, the yield strength and the elongation of the alloy are greatly improved. Solves the problem of insufficient toughness of the die-casting aluminum-magnesium alloy without heat treatment.
The Ti element in the aluminum magnesium alloy component of the invention (in the invention, the Ti element does not contain TiB if not specified specifically 2 ) Added in the form of Al-Ti master alloy. TiAl is formed between Ti element and Al 3 The phase becomes a non-spontaneous core during crystallization, and plays a role in refining a cast structure and a weld structure. TiB 2 With TiB 2 Added in the form of/Al composite material, tiB 2 Seed material of hexagonal crystal structure, tiB 2 And the mismatching degree of the plane point front of alpha-Al is less than 15 percent, and from the point of lattice matching, tiB 2 Is a potential nucleation substrate of alpha-Al, can be used as a heterogeneous nucleation core to effectively refine grains in the solidification process, and simultaneously, the sub-micron TiB 2 The ceramic particles are dispersed in the matrix to play a role in dispersion strengthening and improve the strength of the alloy.
On the basis of the original die-casting aluminum-magnesium alloy, the invention optimizes the proportion of Mg, si, mn and other alloy elements, newly adds Cr, ni and other elements for microalloying, and newly adds TiB 2 The AL crystal seed material has the functions of further refining and strengthening and improves the performance. Addition of Cr to form (CrFe) Al in Al-Mg alloys 7 And (CrMn) Al 12 And the intermetallic compounds improve the strength and the dimensional stability of the alloy and prevent the nucleation and growth of crystal grains. Adding a proper amount of Ni to form Al with Fe 6 FeNi，AL 6 The intermetallic compound of FeNi, etc. can raise the high temperature strength and hardness of the alloy, and has low linear expansion coefficient and high wear resistance. Adding nano-micron (100 nm-2 um) TiB 2 The method mainly plays two roles: firstly, the aluminum magnesium alloy is used as heterogeneous nucleation core to refine grains in the solidification process, and further refined on the basis of the existing refinement. Secondly, the particles are dispersed and distributed in the crystal grains and the crystal boundary of the aluminum magnesium alloy matrix to play a role in dispersion strengthening, and the fine particles distributed in the crystal boundary play a role in inhibiting the crystal grains from growing.
The invention also discloses a preparation method of the high-strength and high-toughness heat-treatment-free die-casting aluminum-magnesium alloy, which comprises the following steps:
adding an aluminum ingot, a Si-containing raw material, a Mn-containing raw material, a Ni-containing raw material, a Cr-containing raw material, a Fe-containing raw material and a Ti-containing raw material into a melting furnaceHeating to melt, and sequentially adding Mg and TiB 2 Dissolving the raw materials, and standing to obtain an intermediate melt of the required components;
and removing impurities from the intermediate melt, refining, and removing slag to obtain the high-strength and high-toughness heat-treatment-free die-casting aluminum-magnesium alloy.
Unless otherwise specified, the Ti-containing raw material is Al-Ti10 intermediate alloy raw material, and TiB is not included 2 。
Further, adding aluminum ingots, si-containing raw materials, mn-containing raw materials, ni-containing raw materials, cr-containing raw materials, fe-containing raw materials and Ti-containing raw materials into a smelting furnace, heating to 760-780 ℃ for melting, preserving heat and standing for 50-70 min after all the raw materials are dissolved, and then sequentially adding Mg and TiB-containing raw materials 2 Dissolving the raw materials, standing for 10min-15min to obtain intermediate melt of the required components.
Further, the impurity removal treatment adopts a slag removing agent to remove impurities.
Further, the refining adopts degassing refining, and inert gas or refining agents are introduced into the intermediate melt.
Further, the modification treatment time is 6-8 h.
Further, the purity of the aluminum ingot is more than 99.00%.
Further, the Si-containing raw material is Al-Si intermediate alloy and/or Si; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the Mn-containing raw material is Al-Mn intermediate alloy and/or Mn; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the raw material containing Ti is Al-Ti intermediate alloy and/or Ti; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the Ni-containing raw material is Al-Ni intermediate alloy and/or Ni; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the Cr-containing raw material is Al-Cr intermediate alloy and/or Cr.
Further, tiB 2 TiB of/Al composite material 2 Is TiB 2 20-30% of the/Al composite material, and preferably 25-30% by mass.
Further, tiB 2 The particle size diameter of the/Al composite material is 100nm-1.0 mu m. The preferred particle size diameter is 200nm to 500nm.
Further, tiB 2 the/Al composite material comprises 1.0-2.5 mass percent of B, the molar ratio of Ti to B is =1/2, and the balance is Al and TiB 2 The phase composition of the/Al composite material comprises alpha-Al and TiB 2 ，TiB 2 Average particle size less than 0.6 [ mu ] m, tiB 2 The particles are relatively uniformly dispersed.
Further, tiB 2 The preparation method of the/Al composite material comprises the following steps:
step (1) raw material preparation, weighing H 3 BO 3 、TiO 2 Aluminum powder, titanium powder and aluminum ingot, wherein H 3 BO 3 ：TiO 2 : al powder: molar ratio of Ti powder = (3.5-5.2): (0.5-2.1): (3.5-5.7): (0.2-1.5), wherein the molar ratio of Ti/B is =1/2, and the purity of the aluminum ingot is 99.9%;
step (2) reacting H 3 BO 3 And TiO 2 Mixing uniformly, heating at 200-250 deg.C for 1.5-2h, removing water, taking out every 20-40 min, stirring powder to dry uniformly without agglomeration;
step (3) heating the TiO 2 、H 3 BO 3 The aluminum powder and the titanium powder are uniformly mixed, and the uniformly mixed powder is placed in a die and pressed into a block;
step (4) heating the aluminum ingot to 900-1050 ℃ by using a well-type resistance furnace, pressing a graphite bell jar into the block body obtained in the step (3) after the aluminum ingot is completely melted, taking out the bell jar after the reaction is cremated, and carrying out melt self-propagating direct reaction for 5-8min; after the reaction is completed, press C 2 C l6 Refining, stirring, standing for 5-20min, removing slag, repeating the stirring, standing and removing slag process for 1-2 times, pouring the obtained melt into a steel mould preheated to 250-300 ℃ at 750-900 ℃ to obtain large volume fraction Al-TiB 2 Pure phase master alloys, i.e. TiB 2 a/Al composite material.
The invention also discloses application of the high-strength and high-toughness heat-treatment-free die-casting aluminum-magnesium alloy in the field of automobile castings.
Compared with the prior art, the high-strength and high-toughness heat-treatment-free die-casting aluminum-magnesium alloy, the preparation method and the application thereof have the following advantages:
1) The high-strength and high-toughness heat-treatment-free die-casting aluminum-magnesium alloy selects specific alloy elements Mg, si, mn, ti, ni and Cr, and optimizes the element proportion. Addition of Cr to Al-Mg alloy to form (CrFe) Al 7 And (CrMn) Al 12 And the intermetallic compounds improve the strength and the dimensional stability of the alloy and prevent the nucleation and growth of crystal grains. Adding a proper amount of Ni to form Al with Fe 6 FeNi，AL 6 The intermetallic compounds such as FeNi and the like improve the high-temperature strength and the hardness of the alloy, refine the alloy structure and improve the dimensional stability of the alloy, and simultaneously can increase the blocking tendency of the compound of Fe and reduce the harmful effect of Fe.
2) Addition of TiB 2 The ceramic particles can be used as nucleation cores to refine the grain size of the as-cast structure of the aluminum-magnesium alloy in the solidification process, so that the fine-grain strengthening effect is achieved, the elongation of the material is kept, and meanwhile, the submicron TiB 2 The particles can play a role in dispersion strengthening, so that the tensile strength and the yield strength of the material are improved, and the problem of strong toughness matching in the prior art is solved; in addition, by adding TiB to the alloy composition 2 Without further addition of Al 5 TiB、Al 5 TiC and other aluminum-magnesium alloy refiners, so the step of adding the refiners in the casting process is omitted.
3) The invention optimizes the components of the aluminum-magnesium alloy and reasonably matches TiB under the condition of limited cost promotion 2 Ceramic particles, so that the tensile strength of the aluminum-magnesium alloy reaches 365MPa, the yield strength reaches 245MPa, and the elongation is 12% under the die-casting condition. Aluminum-silicon die-cast aluminum-magnesium alloy such as ADC12 and ADC10 and Magsimal-59 (AlMg) 5 Si 2 Mn), the tensile strength, the yield strength and the elongation are all greatly improved compared with the mechanical properties of aluminum-magnesium die-casting aluminum-magnesium alloy. The problem of the toughness of the heat-treatment-free die-casting aluminum-magnesium alloy is solved, and the performance requirements of production, light weight and integration of automobile part die castings are met, so that the application of the high-performance heat-treatment-free die-casting aluminum-magnesium alloy in automobile die castings is expanded.
In conclusion, the die-casting aluminum-magnesium alloy selection of the inventionSpecific alloy elements, optimizes the proportion of main alloy elements Mg and Si, adds strengthening and modifying elements such as Ni, mn, cr and Ti, and matches with a proper amount of submicron TiB 2 The ceramic particles refine and reinforce the alloy to prepare the high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum-magnesium alloy. The preparation of the high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum-magnesium alloy can meet the performance requirements of production, light weight and integration of automobile part die castings, thereby expanding the application of the high-performance die-casting aluminum-magnesium alloy in automobile die castings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an as-cast phase diagram of a high strength and toughness heat treatment-free die-casting aluminum-magnesium alloy;
FIG. 2 is TiB 2 The particles are distributed in the high-strength and high-toughness heat-treatment-free die-casting aluminum-magnesium alloy.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a high-strength high-yield die-casting aluminum-magnesium alloy, a preparation method thereof and an aluminum-magnesium alloy for automobile castings, which are respectively explained in detail below. It should be noted that the following description of the embodiments is not intended to limit the preferred order of the embodiments of the present invention. In the following embodiments, the descriptions of the respective embodiments have respective emphasis, and reference may be made to related descriptions of other embodiments for parts that are not described in detail in a certain embodiment.
The invention provides a high-strength and high-toughness heat-treatment-free die-casting aluminum-magnesium alloy which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: mg2.5-5.5%, si0.5-1.5%, ni0.8-1.5%, mn0.4-0.8%, ti0.10-0.20%, cr0.1-0.25%, fe0.4-1.20%, tiB 2 0.08-0.5% and the balance of Al. In some embodiments, the high-strength and high-toughness heat-treatment-free die-casting aluminum-magnesium alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: mg2.8-3.5%, si0.5-1.0%, ni 0.8-1.2%, mn0.4-0.6%, ti0.10-0.15%, cr0.1-0.2%, fe0.8-1.2%, tiB 2 0.2-0.5% and the balance of Al.
Through a great deal of practice and research, the inventor improves the main alloy components of the existing aluminum-silicon die-casting aluminum-magnesium alloy, selects specific alloy elements such as Mg, si, mn, ti, ni and Cr, and optimizes the element proportion.
Addition of Ni formation of Al in Al-Mg alloys 3 The metal compounds such as Ni improve the strength and dimensional stability of the alloy, increase the blocking tendency of Fe compounds, and reduce the harmful effect of Fe.
Addition of Cr to Al-Mg alloy to form (CrFe) Al 7 And (CrMn) Al 12 And the intermetallic compounds improve the strength and the dimensional stability of the alloy and prevent the nucleation and growth of crystal grains.
Addition of TiB 2 The ceramic particles can be used as nucleation cores to refine the grain size of the as-cast structure of the aluminum-magnesium alloy in the solidification process, so that the fine-grain strengthening effect is achieved, the elongation of the material is kept, and meanwhile, the submicron TiB 2 The particles can play a role in dispersion strengthening, so that the tensile strength and the yield strength of the material are improved, and the problem of strong toughness matching in the prior art is solved; in addition, by adding TiB to the alloy composition 2 And the content of the composite material is ensured to reach 0.08-0.5%, the composite material plays a role in refiner and dispersion strengthening, and the composite material is beneficial to improving the strength of the material and the elongation at the same time. In the prior art, al is added 5 TiB、Al 5 The refiner of TiC plays a refining role and relates to the refining by adding Al 5 B is introduced into the TiB to play a refining role, but the quantitative TiB cannot be stably formed 2 . By adding TiB to the alloy composition 2 Without further addition of Al 5 TiB、Al 5 TiC and other aluminum-magnesium alloy refiners, so the step of adding the refiners in the casting process is omitted.
The elements are combined with each other as a whole to provide the alloy with characteristics such as high toughness and high yield.
Correspondingly, the invention also provides a preparation method of the die-casting aluminum-magnesium alloy, which comprises the following steps:
s1, obtaining an alloy melt containing the following alloy components, namely Mg2.5-5.5%, si0.5-1.5%, ni0.8-1.5%, mn0.4-0.8%, ti0.10-0.20%, cr0.1-0.25%, fe0.4-1.20%, tiB 2.08-0.5% and the balance of Al in percentage by mass, and performing casting to obtain an alloy ingot.
In some embodiments of the invention, obtaining an aluminum magnesium alloy melt of a designed alloy composition comprises the steps of:
and S101, calculating and batching according to the designed components of the aluminum magnesium alloy.
S102, sequentially adding an aluminum ingot with the purity of more than 99.00%, a Si-containing raw material, a Ni-containing raw material, a Mn-containing raw material, a Cr-containing raw material and a Ti-containing raw material into a smelting furnace, heating to 720-760 ℃ for melting, preserving heat and standing for 50-70 min after all the raw materials are dissolved, and sequentially adding Mg and TiB 2 And the/Al composite material is dissolved and then stands for 8-15 min, the melt is taken for component detection to obtain the mass content of each component of the melt, and each component of the melt is adjusted to be qualified according to the detection result to obtain the intermediate melt of the required component. In a specific example, component detection may be performed using spectroscopy. In other embodiments, the Si-containing feedstock is an Al-Si master alloy and/or Si; the Ni-containing raw material is Al-Ni intermediate alloy and/or Ni; the raw material containing Cr is Al-Cr intermediate alloy and/or Cr; the Mn-containing raw material is Al-Mn intermediate alloy and/or Mn; the Ti-containing raw material is Al-Ti intermediate alloy and/or Ti; the intermediate alloy is used as the raw material, so that the burning loss of the raw material is avoided, and the melting of the high-melting-point alloy is facilitated. By adding TiB 2 Introduction of TiB into/Al composite material 2 ，TiB 2 Is extremely stable, so that TiB can be accurately controlled according to the addition amount in the subsequent addition process 2 Amount to match the desired amount of TiB 2 。
In step S102, the melting temperature is controlled not to exceed 760 ℃. When the melting temperature exceeds 770 ℃, the oxidation of the aluminum magnesium alloy is serious, the hydrogen absorption and slag inclusion in the melting process are increased, the crystal grains are coarse in the casting solidification process, and the mechanical property of the aluminum magnesium alloy is reduced. The standing time is 8-15 minutes, which is beneficial to TiB 2 More uniform dispersion in the aluminum melt and avoidance of TiB 2 Agglomeration and sedimentation phenomena occur, thereby being beneficial to improving the TiB 2 The refining and strengthening effects.
S103, adding a slag removing agent into the intermediate melt for impurity removal.
And S104, refining after impurity removal, and playing a role in purifying the aluminum liquid.
It should be noted that the refining process may be conventional degassing rotary refining. For example, degassing refining is used, inert gases or refining agents being introduced into the intermediate melt. In a specific example, a rotary blowing device is used for introducing argon into the intermediate melt, the rotating speed is 300r/min-700r/min, and the refining time is 10min-20min.
And S105, removing floating materials on the surface of the melt after degassing and refining treatment, and removing slag to obtain the aluminum magnesium alloy melt.
And S106, adjusting components, degassing, refining and standing, then performing spectrum detection on the aluminum magnesium alloy melt sample, and adjusting the components to be qualified to obtain the melt.
In other embodiments of the present invention, tiB 2 TiB of/Al composite material 2 20-30% of TiB 2 The grain diameter of the/Al composite material is 100nm-1.0 mu m. TiB 2 The particles are used as nucleation cores in the solidification process to effectively refine the size of the as-cast crystal grains of the aluminum-magnesium alloy, play a role in fine grain strengthening, and meanwhile, the submicron TiB with the grain size diameter of 100nm-1.0 mu m 2 The particles can perform the function of dispersion strengthening, and TiB can be seen from figure 2 2 The particles are uniformly distributed in the crystal, so that the structure is effectively refined and the strength is improved.
In some embodiments, the TiB 2 the/Al composite material comprises 1.0-2.5 mass percent of B, the molar ratio of Ti to B is =1/2, and the balance is Al and TiB 2 The phase composition of the/Al composite material comprises alpha-Al and TiB 2 ，TiB 2 Average particle size less than 0.6 [ mu ] m, tiB 2 The particles are relatively uniformly dispersed.
The TiB 2 The preparation method of the/Al composite material comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing raw materials, weighing H according to requirements 3 BO 3 、TiO 2 Aluminum powder, titanium powder, aluminum ingot, wherein H 3 BO 3 ：TiO 2 : al powder: molar ratio of Ti powder = (3.5-5.2): (0.5-2.1): (3.5-5.7): (0.2-1.5), the molar ratio of Ti/B is =1/2, and the purity of the aluminum ingot is 99.9%;
(2) H is to be 3 BO 3 、TiO 2 Mixing, adding at 200 deg.CHeating for two hours, removing water, taking out every 20-40 minutes in the removing process, and stirring the powder to ensure that the powder is dried uniformly and is not easy to agglomerate;
(3) Heating the TiO 2 、H 3 BO 3 Mixing the powder with aluminum powder and titanium powder uniformly, placing the uniformly mixed powder in a die, and pressing the powder into a block;
(4) Heating the aluminum ingot to 900-1050 ℃ by using a well-type resistance furnace, pressing a graphite bell jar into the block body in the step (3) after the aluminum ingot is completely melted, taking out the bell jar after the reaction is cremated, and carrying out melt self-propagating direct reaction for 5-8min; after the reaction is completed, press C 2 C l6 Refining, stirring, standing for 5-20min, removing slag, repeating the stirring, standing and removing slag process for 1-2 times, pouring the obtained melt into a steel mold preheated to 250 ℃ at 750-900 ℃ to obtain large volume fraction Al-TiB 2 Pure phase master alloys, i.e. TiB 2 A/Al composite material.
The method adopts a melt self-propagating direct synthesis method, utilizes wide raw material sources and has low cost TiO 2 、H 3 BO 3 Develops a pure phase Al-TiB with environment-friendly and clean preparation process and high particle content 2 And (3) intermediate alloy. Solves the problems of difficult preparation, high preparation cost and TiAl existing in the traditional method 3 Residual problem, tiB in master alloy 2 The particle size is small, the distribution is uniform, the particle content is high or the volume fraction is large, the volume fraction can reach 25 percent, and generally the maximum can reach 50 percent; the obtained intermediate alloy is pure phase and only contains alpha-Al and TiB 2 。
In other embodiments, the tested high strength and toughness heat treatment-free die-casting aluminum-magnesium alloy has the tensile strength of 330MPa-365MPa, the yield strength of 220MPa-245MPa and the elongation of more than 10%.
In another embodiment of the application, the high-strength and high-toughness heat-treatment-free die-casting aluminum-magnesium alloy provided by the invention can meet the performance requirements of production, light weight and integration of automobile part die castings, so that the application of the high-performance die-casting aluminum-magnesium alloy in automobile die castings is expanded.
In order to make the above implementation details and operations of the present invention clearly understood by those skilled in the art and obviously embody the advanced performance of the heat-free die-casting aluminum-magnesium-gold and the preparation method thereof according to the embodiments of the present invention, the above technical solutions are exemplified by a plurality of embodiments.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a high-strength and high-toughness heat-treatment-free die-casting aluminum-magnesium alloy which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: mg3.2%, si0.7%, ni 0.11%, mn0.45%, ti0.12%, cr0.15%, fe0.83%, tiB 2 0.35% and the balance of Al.
The preparation method of the high-strength and high-toughness heat-treatment-free die-casting aluminum-magnesium alloy comprises the following steps of:
adding aluminum ingot, si-containing raw material, mn-containing raw material, ni-containing raw material, cr-containing raw material, fe-containing raw material and Ti-containing raw material into a smelting furnace, heating to 760 ℃ for melting, preserving heat and standing for 70min after all the raw materials are dissolved, and then sequentially adding Mg and TiB-containing raw material 2 Dissolving the raw materials, standing for 15min to obtain intermediate melt of the required components.
And (3) removing impurities from the intermediate melt, refining, and removing slag to obtain the high-strength high-toughness heat-treatment-free die-casting aluminum-magnesium alloy.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a high-strength and high-toughness heat-treatment-free die-casting aluminum-magnesium alloy which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: mg3.5%, si0.8%, ni 0.15%, mn0.55%, ti0.15%, cr0.15%, fe0.86%, tiB 2 0.45 percent and the balance of Al.
The preparation method of the high-strength and high-toughness heat-treatment-free die-casting aluminum-magnesium alloy is the same as that of the embodiment 1.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a high-strength and high-toughness heat-treatment-free die-casting aluminum-magnesium alloy which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: mg3.5%, si0.8%, ni 0.13%, mn0.55%, ti0.14%, cr0.14%, fe1.1%, tiB 2 0.25% and the balance of Al.
The preparation method of the high-strength and high-toughness heat-treatment-free die-casting aluminum-magnesium alloy is the same as that of the embodiment 1.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a high-strength and high-toughness heat-treatment-free die-casting aluminum-magnesium alloy which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: mg3.3%, si0.65%, ni 0.13%, mn0.55%, ti0.15%, cr0.17%, fe0.93%, tiB 2 0.15 percent and the balance of Al.
The preparation method of the high-strength and high-toughness heat-treatment-free die-casting aluminum-magnesium alloy is the same as that of the embodiment 1.
Example 5
The embodiment provides a high-strength and high-toughness heat-treatment-free die-casting aluminum-magnesium alloy which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: mg5.3%, si1.2%, ni1.35%, mn0.7%, ti0.18%, cr0.2%, fe0.8%, tiB 2 0.45 percent and the balance of Al.
The preparation method of the high-strength and high-toughness heat-treatment-free die-casting aluminum-magnesium alloy is the same as that of the embodiment 1.
Example 6
The embodiment provides a high-strength and high-toughness heat-treatment-free die-casting aluminum-magnesium alloy which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: mg2.6%, si0.55%, ni 0.83%, mn0.45%, ti0.12%, cr0.15%, fe0.45%, tiB 2 0.1 percent and the balance of Al.
The preparation method of the high-strength and high-toughness heat-treatment-free die-casting aluminum-magnesium alloy is the same as that of the embodiment 1.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example provides an ADC12 aluminum magnesium alloy material which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 11.5% of Si, 1.5% of Cu, 0.30% of Mg, 0.4% of Mn, 0.15% of Ni, 0.6% of Fe0, and the balance of Al. Addition of Al during casting 5 The TiB grain refiner refines the structure, and sodium salt is added for modification.
Comparative example 2
The comparative example provides an AlMg 5 S i2 The Mn aluminum magnesium alloy material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 6.3 percent of Mg, 2.5 percent of Si, 0.04 percent of Cu, 0.65 percent of Mn, 0.15 percent of Be0 and the balance of Al. Addition of Al during casting 5 The TiB grain refiner refines the structure, and sodium salt is added for modification.
TABLE 1 preparation of examples 1-6High-strength and high-toughness heat-treatment-free die-casting aluminum-magnesium alloy, ADC12 and AlMg of comparative example 5 Si 2 Comparison table of mechanical properties of Mn aluminum magnesium alloy:
TABLE 1 comparison chart of mechanical properties
| Tensile strength, MPa | Yield strength, MPa | Elongation percentage of% | |
| Example 1 | 365 | 245 | 12.0 |
| Example 2 | 355 | 234 | 11.5 |
| Example 3 | 362 | 241 | 11.8 |
| Example 4 | 356 | 231 | 10.8 |
| Examples5 | 331 | 227 | 11.6 |
| Example 6 | 364 | 240 | 11.5 |
| COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1 (ADC 12) | 255 | 165 | 1.5 |
| Comparative example 2 (AlMg) 5 Si 2 Mn) | 290 | 145 | 11 |
As can be seen from Table 1, the heat-treatment-free die-casting aluminum-magnesium alloys of examples 1-6 have better mechanical properties, tensile strength, yield strength and elongation than ADC12 and AlMg 5 Si 2 And (3) Mn aluminum alloy.
As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the results of examining the as-cast structure of the non-heat treated die-cast Al-Mg alloys of examples 1 to 6 are shown in the as-cast phase diagrams of the high strength non-heat treated die-cast Al-Mg alloy of FIG. 1, in which the structure is composed of α -Al and acicular FeAl 3 Skeletal Mg 2 Si, flaky AlNi, beta (Mg) 5 Al 8 ) And (FeMn) Al 6 The composition, after Ni addition, 3% Mg in AlMg alloy also showed skeletal beta (Mg) 5 Al 8 ) The aluminum-magnesium alloy has obviously refined crystal grains and uniform structure after refinement. TiB 2 The particles are uniformly distributed in the crystal, thereby effectively refining the structure and improving the strength. The high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum-magnesium alloy without heat treatment in the embodiment of the inventionSelecting specific alloy elements and optimizing element proportion for gold, and then matching proper amount of TiB 2 The particles enable the alloy to have good die-casting forming performance and excellent mechanical properties.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The high-strength and high-toughness heat-treatment-free die-casting aluminum-magnesium alloy is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass:
the balance being Al.
2. The high-strength and high-toughness heat-treatment-free die-casting aluminum-magnesium alloy according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass:
the balance being Al.
3. The high strength and toughness heat treatment-free die-casting aluminum-magnesium alloy according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the tensile strength of the high strength and toughness heat treatment-free die-casting aluminum-magnesium alloy is 330MPa-365MPa, the yield strength is 220MPa-245MPa, and the elongation is more than 10%.
4. The preparation method of the high-strength and high-toughness heat-treatment-free die-casting aluminum-magnesium alloy as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by comprising the following steps:
adding an aluminum ingot, a Si-containing raw material, a Mn-containing raw material, a Ni-containing raw material, a Cr-containing raw material, a Fe-containing raw material and a Ti-containing raw material into a smelting furnace, heating and melting, and then sequentially adding Mg and TiB 2 Dissolving the raw materials, and standing to obtain an intermediate melt of the required components;
and (3) removing impurities from the intermediate melt, refining, and removing slag to obtain the high-strength high-toughness heat-treatment-free die-casting aluminum-magnesium alloy.
5. The preparation method of the high strength and toughness heat treatment-free die-casting aluminum-magnesium alloy according to claim 4, wherein the aluminum ingot, the Si-containing raw material, the Mn-containing raw material, the Ni-containing raw material, the Cr-containing raw material, the Fe-containing raw material and the Ti-containing raw material are added into a melting furnace to be heated to 760-780 ℃ for melting, all the raw materials are dissolved and cleaned, the temperature is kept and the standing is carried out for 50-70 min, and then Mg and TiB are sequentially added 2 Dissolving the raw materials, standing for 10min-15min to obtain intermediate melt of the required components.
6. The preparation method of the high-strength and high-toughness heat-treatment-free die-casting aluminum-magnesium alloy according to claim 4, wherein the Si-containing raw material is Al-Si intermediate alloy and/or Si; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the Mn-containing raw material is Al-Mn intermediate alloy and/or Mn; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the raw material containing Ti is Al-Ti intermediate alloy and/or Ti; and/or the presence of a gas in the atmosphere,
the Ni-containing raw material is Al-Ni intermediate alloy and/or Ni; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the Cr-containing raw material is Al-Cr intermediate alloy and/or Cr.
7. The method for preparing the high-strength and high-toughness heat-treatment-free die-casting aluminum-magnesium alloy according to claim 4, wherein the TiB is 2 TiB of/Al composite material 2 Is TiB 2 20-30% of the Al composite material.
8. The high toughness of claim 4The preparation method of the heat-treatment-free die-casting aluminum-magnesium alloy is characterized in that TiB 2 The particle size diameter of the/Al composite material is 100nm-1.0 mu m.
9. The method for preparing the high-strength and high-toughness heat-treatment-free die-casting aluminum-magnesium alloy according to claim 4, wherein the TiB is 2 the/Al composite material comprises 1.0-2.5 mass percent of B, the molar ratio of Ti to B is =1/2, and the balance is Al and TiB 2 The phase composition of the/Al composite material comprises alpha-Al and TiB 2 ，TiB 2 Average particle size less than 0.6 [ mu ] m, tiB 2 The particles are relatively uniformly dispersed.
10. The application of the high-strength and high-toughness heat-treatment-free die-casting aluminum-magnesium alloy in the field of automobile castings is disclosed in any one of claims 1 to 3.
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