CN115785949B - Copper-platinum polynuclear cluster and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Copper-platinum polynuclear cluster and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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CN115785949B
CN115785949B CN202310092150.9A CN202310092150A CN115785949B CN 115785949 B CN115785949 B CN 115785949B CN 202310092150 A CN202310092150 A CN 202310092150A CN 115785949 B CN115785949 B CN 115785949B
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copper
platinum
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CN115785949A (en
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袁尚富
钟瑞茹
王春凤
周瑞
吴涛
李丹
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Jinan University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a copper-platinum polynuclear cluster and a preparation method and application thereof, belonging to the technical field of metal clusters, and the molecular formula is [ Cu ] 4 Pt 2 (X) 4 Y 4 ]Z 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein X is an anionic ligand; y is a neutral ligand; z is a monovalent anion. The preparation method comprises the following steps: cu (CH) 3 CN) 4 Z、K 2 PtCl 4 Dissolving X and Y in an organic solvent, stirring and reacting to obtain a solution A, then adding a reducing agent solution into the solution A for reduction reaction, and recrystallizing a reduction reaction product to obtain the copper-platinum polynuclear cluster. The invention also discloses application of the copper-platinum polynuclear cluster in the field of photoluminescence in the near infrared region. According to the invention, the ligands with different coordination environments are designed and utilized, so that different metals can be selectively coordinated, and the heterogeneous metal cluster is synthesized by one-pot reduction, so that the preparation method is simple and easy to operate, and is convenient to popularize.

Description

Copper-platinum polynuclear cluster and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of metal cluster materials, in particular to a copper-platinum polynuclear cluster, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Metal clusters are increasingly favored by synthetic and theoretical chemists due to their unique metal bonding structure and excellent physicochemical properties. The atomic accurate metal nanocluster has good optical characteristics due to the ultra-small size and unique electronic structure, and has wide application prospect due to the excellent light stability and biocompatibility.
At present, a lot of research on the near infrared luminescence property of coinage metals is carried out, but the general problem is low luminescence efficiency. However, studies have shown that the light emitting properties of metal clusters can be effectively affected by doping with a hetero metal (e.g., doping with platinum, palladium, etc.), and in the prior art, hetero metal clusters composed of divalent platinum and monovalent copper have been widely studied, but the light emitting region thereof is limited to the visible light region.
Therefore, how to provide a synthesis method of near-infrared light-emitting high-nuclear copper-platinum heterometallic clusters with mild conditions and simple operation is a technical problem to be solved by the technicians in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a copper-platinum polynuclear cluster and a preparation method and application thereof, so as to solve the problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:
a copper-platinum polynuclear cluster has a molecular formula of [ Cu ] 4 Pt 2 (X) 4 Y 4 ]Z 2
Wherein, X is an anionic ligand;
y is a neutral ligand;
and Z is a monovalent anion.
More preferably, the copper-platinum polynuclear cluster formula comprises: [ (CH) 3 O-C 8 H 4 ) 4 Cu 4 Pt 2 (PC 17 NH 14 ) 4 ](PF 6 ) 2
[(CF 3 -C 8 H 4 ) 4 Cu 4 Pt 2 (PC 17 NH 14 ) 4 ](PF 6 ) 2
[(F-C 8 H 4 ) 4 Cu 4 Pt 2 (PC 17 NH 14 ) 4 ](PF 6 ) 2
[(C 14 H 9 ) 4 Cu 4 Pt 2 (PC 17 NH 14 ) 4 ](PF 6 ) 2
[(C 10 H 7 ) 4 Cu 4 Pt 2 (PC 17 NH 14 ) 4 ](PF 6 ) 2
The beneficial effects are that: the invention realizes the mixed construction of monovalent copper and monovalent platinum to form a multi-metal cluster, allows the copper atoms and the platinum atoms to form a regular octahedron structure, and simultaneously allows the copper atoms and the platinum atoms to form metal-metal bonds, thereby generating the photoluminescence property of a near infrared region contributed by a metal center.
Preferably, the anionic ligand is alkynyl ligand with different substituents, and specifically is one or more of 4-methoxy-phenylacetylene, 4-fluoro-phenylacetylene, 4-trifluoromethyl-phenylacetylene, ferrocenylacetylene, 1-ethynylnaphthalene, 4-ethynylbiphenyl and 3- (N-calizole) propyne.
The beneficial effects are that: the terminal alkyne ligand in the invention can form sigma and pi coordination modes at the same time, so that the alkyne ligand is allowed to coordinate copper and platinum ions at the same time, and the formation of a bimetallic cluster is ensured.
Preferably, the neutral ligand is one phosphorus atom and a plurality of multi-ring groups connected to the phosphorus atom, in particular one or more of diphenyl-2-pyridine phosphine, diphenyl-4-methyl-2-pyridine phosphine, diphenyl-5-methyl-2-pyridine phosphine, 1, 2-bis (diphenyl phosphino) ethane, 1, 3-bis (diphenyl phosphino) propane and 1, 6-bis (diphenyl phosphino) hexane.
The beneficial effects are that: the bidentate coordination site ligand can realize the common coordination protection of copper and platinum bimetal; the bidentate ligand bridging is beneficial to forming copper-platinum metal bonds and realizing the stabilization of the cluster compound.
Preferably, Z is F-, cl - 、Br - 、BF 4 - 、SbF 6 - 、PF 6 - 、NO 3 - 、CH 3 COO - 、CF 3 SO 3 - And ClO 4 - One or any of the above.
The beneficial effects are that: in the invention, anion coordination is utilized, which is beneficial to balancing the charge of the cluster compound; and, the free cluster body is around, facilitate dissolution and crystallization purification operations of the cluster compound.
Preferably, the copper atoms and the platinum atoms form an octahedral structure;
the platinum atom coordinates two phosphorus atoms and terminal carbon atoms of two alkyne ligands;
two copper atoms are respectively coordinated by nitrogen atoms on heterocycles contained by two phosphorus ligands, and the other two copper atoms are respectively formed into k with two alkyne ligands at sides 2 Coordination structure.
The beneficial effects are that: the coordination structure in the invention is a polynuclear bimetallic cluster formed by mixing monovalent platinum and monovalent copper, has a special delocalized electronic structure, and is favorable for generating electronic transition related to a polymetallic center, thereby realizing the photoluminescence property of a near infrared region.
A method for preparing a copper-platinum polynuclear cluster, comprising the steps of:
cu (CH) 3 CN) 4 Z、K 2 PtCl 4 Dissolving X and Y in an organic solvent, stirring and reacting to obtain a solution A, then adding a reducing agent solution into the solution A for reduction reaction, and recrystallizing a reduction reaction product to obtain the copper-platinum polynuclear cluster.
The beneficial effects are that: the stirring operation is favorable for fully dissolving various reaction raw materials and realizing the pre-coordination protection of metal ions; the reduction operation is favorable for reducing divalent metal platinum into monovalent metal platinum and bonding with metal copper to form polynuclear bimetallic clusters.
Preferably, the organic solvent is one or more of dichloromethane, chloroform and tetrahydrofuran;
the reducer solution is ethanol solution of sodium borohydride or tert-butylamine borane.
The beneficial effects are that: the organic solvents selected in the invention are all conventional reagents, have low price and better dissolving capacity, and are favorable for fully and quickly carrying out chemical reactions. The reducing agent solution has stronger reducing capability and is favorable for reducing divalent metal platinum into monovalent metal platinum.
Preferably, the Cu (CH 3 CN) 4 Z and K 2 PtCl 4 The molar ratio of (2-6): 1, a step of;
the Cu (CH) 3 CN) 4 The molar ratio of Z to X is (0.8-1.5): 1, a step of;
the Cu (CH) 3 CN) 4 The mol ratio/mass ratio of Z to Y to the organic solvent is 1:100-200;
the concentration of the reducer solution is 10-20 mg/mL;
the ratio of the addition amount of the reducer solution to the solution A is 1:10-20.
The beneficial effects are that: the invention controls the proportion of copper source and platinum source, metal and ligand and various reaction liquids, is favorable for high-yield synthesis of copper-platinum polynuclear metal clusters, and effectively eliminates the formation of low-nuclear metal complexes, metal nano particles and other byproducts.
Preferably, the stirring reaction temperature is 15-40 ℃, the stirring speed is 600-1500 r/min, and the reaction time is 5-20 min;
the reduction reaction temperature is 15-40 ℃ and the reaction time is 4-10 h.
The beneficial effects are that: the progress of the reaction and the reaction temperature and stirring rate in the invention have obvious correlation. The method strictly controls the reaction temperature and the stirring rate, and is favorable for high-yield synthesis of the copper-platinum polynuclear metal cluster.
Use of copper-platinum polynuclear clusters in the field of photoluminescence in the near infrared region.
The beneficial effects are that: the near infrared photoluminescent material provided by the invention has wide application in biological fields such as biosensing, cell imaging and the like, but the luminous efficiency is generally low (lower than 10%). The copper-platinum polynuclear metal cluster is simple and convenient to synthesize, high in yield, accurate in structure, and capable of achieving 35% of luminous quantum yield, and is an rare metal nanocluster example.
The invention discloses a copper-platinum polynuclear cluster and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein different metals can be selectively coordinated by designing and utilizing bidentate ligands with different degrees of soft and hard bases according to the soft and hard acid-base principle (namely, phosphine coordination points are used as metal platinum with soft bases tending to coordinate soft acid, and nitrogen points used as hard bases are used as metal platinum with easy to coordinate hard acid copper ions), and particularly according to the soft and hard acid-base theory, the metal platinum belongs to soft acid, and the metal copper belongs to hard acid; we designed multidentate ligands with varying degrees of softness, wherein phosphine as a soft base tends to coordinate the metal platinum and nitrogen as a hard base readily coordinates the copper ion, thus enabling the construction of copper-platinum bimetallic clusters. And then reducing and synthesizing the hetero-metal cluster by a one-pot method, wherein the strategy is proved by single crystal x-ray structural analysis. Compared to post-doping strategies, the large difference in size between Cu and Pt atoms does not need to be considered, resulting in synthetic difficulties. In addition, the preparation method provided by the invention is simple and easy to operate and convenient to popularize.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 shows the results of examples 1 to 5 [ (R-C.ident.C) 4 Cu 4 Pt 2 (dppy) 4 ](PF 6 ) 2 Solid state fluorescence spectrum of (2);
FIG. 2 shows MeO-Cu obtained in example 1 4 Pt 2 A schematic representation of the single crystal structure;
FIG. 3 shows the CF obtained in example 2 3 -Cu 4 Pt 2 A schematic representation of the single crystal structure;
FIG. 4 shows F-Cu obtained in example 3 4 Pt 2 A schematic representation of the single crystal structure;
FIG. 5 shows Naphthyl-Cu obtained in example 4 4 Pt 2 A schematic representation of the single crystal structure;
FIG. 6 shows the Biphenyl-Cu obtained in example 5 4 Pt 2 A schematic representation of the single crystal structure;
FIG. 7 shows MeO-Cu obtained in example 1 4 Pt 2 Wherein the inset is an experimental and simulated comparison of the molecular ion peaks;
FIG. 8 shows MeO-Cu obtained in example 1 4 Pt 2 Nuclear magnetic P-spectrum of (C);
FIG. 9 shows MeO-Cu obtained in example 1 4 Pt 2 Nuclear magnetic hydrogen spectrogram of (2);
FIG. 10 shows MeO-Cu obtained in example 1 4 Pt 2 Is a infrared spectrogram of (2);
FIG. 11 shows MeO-Cu obtained in example 1 4 Pt 2 XPS spectra of Pt of (2);
FIG. 12 shows MeO-Cu obtained in example 1 4 Pt 2 XPS spectra of Cu 2P;
FIG. 13 shows MeO-Cu obtained in example 1 4 Pt 2 XPS spectra of Cu LMM;
FIG. 14 shows the results of examples 1 to 5 [ (R-C.ident.C) 4 Cu 4 Pt 2 (dppy) 4 ](PF 6 ) 2 Is a UV-visible absorption spectrum of (C).
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings and appended detailed description.
Example 1
A copper-platinum polynuclear cluster and a preparation method thereof, comprising the following steps:
(1) Under air room temperature conditions, 0.08 mmol Cu (CH 3 CN) 4 PF 6 、0.02 mmol K 2 PtCl 4 0.08 mmol dppy (diphenyl-2-pyridinylphosphine) and 0.08 mmol R-C.ident.CH (wherein R is MeO-C) 6 H 5 ) Adding 3 mL methylene dichloride into the solid, and uniformly stirring to form a pale yellow solution;
(2) After the pale yellow solution is kept stand for 5 min, naBH with the concentration of 200 mL of 15 mg/mu L is added dropwise 4 Reducing the ethanol solution to obtain an orange-red solution, standing the orange-red solution to gradually change into tan, standing for 1h, changing the solution from tan to purplish black, standing for 4 h, completely reacting, filtering the reaction solution, collecting filtrate, adding toluene into the filtrate for diffusion crystallization, and crystallizing for 2 weeks to obtain purplish black crystals, namely copper-platinum polynuclear clusters with a molecular formula of [ (R-C) identical to C 4 Cu 4 Pt 2 (dppy) 4 ](PF 6 ) 2 Is marked as MeO-Cu 4 Pt 2 The yield was 67%. The single crystal structure is shown in figure 2, the mass spectrum is shown in figure 7, the nuclear magnetic P spectrum is shown in figure 8, the nuclear magnetic hydrogen spectrum is shown in figure 9, the infrared spectrum is shown in figure 10, the XPS spectrum of Pt is shown in figure 11, the XPS spectrum of Cu 2P is shown in figure 12, and the XPS spectrum of Cu LMM is shown in figure 13.
As can be seen from the above patterns, the copper-platinum bimetallic cluster obtained in example 1 has a molecular formula [ (CH) 3 O-C 8 H 4 ) 4 Cu 4 Pt 2 (dppy) 4 ](PF 6 ) 2 Is marked as MeO-Cu 4 Pt 2 The metal center forms an octahedral configuration, wherein the metal valence states are all positive monovalent; the longest wavelength absorption peak of the cluster is at 573 nm, the emission peak is at 824 nm, and the quantum yield is 36%.
Example 2
A copper-platinum polynuclear cluster and a method for preparing the same, which are different from example 1 in that: r in step (1) R-C.ident.CH is CF 3 -C 6 H 5 . The final product obtained is designated as CF 3 -Cu 4 Pt 2 The yield is 50% -67%. The single crystal structure is schematically shown in fig. 3.
Example 3
A copper-platinum polynuclear cluster and a method for preparing the same, which are different from example 1 in that: r in step (1) R-C.ident.CH is F-C 6 H 5 . The obtained product is marked as F-Cu 4 Pt 2 The yield is 50% -67%. The single crystal structure is schematically shown in fig. 4.
Example 4
A copper-platinum polynuclear cluster and a method for preparing the same, which are different from example 1 in that: r in the R-C.ident.CH in the step (1) is Naphthyl. The obtained product is named Naphthyl-Cu 4 Pt 2 The yield is 50% -67%. The single crystal structure is schematically shown in FIG. 5.
Example 5
A copper-platinum polynuclear cluster and a method for preparing the same, which are different from example 1 in that: r in the R-C.ident.CH in the step (1) is Biphenyl. The obtained product is designated as Biphenyl-Cu 4 Pt 2 The yield is 50% -67%. The single crystal structure is schematically shown in FIG. 6.
Comparative example 1
A copper-platinum polynuclear cluster and a method for preparing the same, which are different from example 1 in that: r in R-C≡CH in the step (1) is H, and the neutral ligand Y is bis (diphenylphosphinomethyl) phenylphosphine (dpmp); step (2) synthesizing a divalent platinum and monovalent copper mixed metal cluster [ PtCu ] without adopting a reducing agent 2 (dpmp) 2 (C≡CC 6 H 5 ) 2 ](PF 6 ) 2 Is marked as Cu 2 Pt, which emits light only in the visible region (peak 545 nm), has an efficiency of 13.9%.
The technical effects are as follows:
the solid fluorescence quantum yields of the copper-platinum polynuclear clusters obtained in examples 1 to 5 are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
Figure SMS_1
As can be seen from table 1: the solid luminous quantum efficiency of the product obtained in the embodiment 1 of the invention can reach 36%.
It can be seen from fig. 1 to 14 that r—c≡ch of different substituents has a certain influence on the absorption and emission wavelengths thereof, wherein the substituents having an electron donating effect can effectively improve the luminous efficiency. As is evident from the comparison with comparative example 1, the copper-platinum polynuclear cluster is composed of rare monovalent platinum and monovalent copper, constituting an octahedral configuration with stronger copper-platinum metal bonds; more importantly, the luminescence range of the copper-platinum polynuclear cluster is concentrated in the near infrared region, and the luminescence quantum yield is as high as 36%, compared with the conventional copper-platinum bimetallic cluster which emits light in the visible region.
The above embodiments are only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention without departing from the design spirit of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. A copper-platinum polynuclear cluster is characterized by the molecular formula [ Cu ] 4 Pt 2 (X) 4 Y 4 ]Z 2
Wherein, X is an anionic ligand;
y is a neutral ligand;
the Z is a monovalent anion;
the anionic ligand is one or more of 4-methoxyphenylacetylene, 4-fluorophenylacetylene, 4-trifluoromethyl phenylacetylene, ferrocene acetylene, 1-ethynylnaphthalene, 4-ethynylbiphenyl and 3- (N-carbazol) propyne;
the neutral ligand is one or more of diphenyl-2-pyridine phosphine, diphenyl-4-methyl-2-pyridine phosphine and diphenyl-5-methyl-2-pyridine phosphine;
z is F-, cl - 、Br - 、BF 4 - 、SbF 6 - 、PF 6 - 、NO 3 - 、CH 3 COO - 、CF 3 SO 3 - And ClO 4 - In (a) and (b)One or more than one kind of materials.
2. A copper-platinum polynuclear cluster as recited in claim 1, wherein said copper atoms and platinum atoms form an octahedral structure;
the platinum atom coordinates two phosphorus atoms and terminal carbon atoms of two alkyne ligands;
two of the copper atoms are respectively coordinated by nitrogen atoms on heterocycles contained by two phosphorus ligands, and the other two copper atoms are respectively formed into k with two sides of alkyne ligands 2 Coordination structure.
3. A method for preparing a copper-platinum polynuclear cluster as claimed in claim 1 or 2, comprising the steps of:
cu (CH) 3 CN) 4 Z、K 2 PtCl 4 Dissolving X and Y in an organic solvent, stirring and reacting to obtain a solution A, then adding a reducing agent solution into the solution A for reduction reaction, and recrystallizing a reduction reaction product to obtain the copper-platinum polynuclear cluster.
4. The method for preparing a copper-platinum polynuclear cluster according to claim 3, wherein said organic solvent is one or more of dichloromethane, chloroform and tetrahydrofuran;
the reducer solution is ethanol solution of sodium borohydride or tert-butylamine borane.
5. A method for preparing a copper-platinum polynuclear cluster as claimed in claim 3, wherein said Cu (CH 3 CN) 4 Z and K 2 PtCl 4 The molar ratio of (2-6): 1, a step of;
the Cu (CH) 3 CN) 4 The molar ratio of Z to X is 0.8-1.5:1, a step of;
the concentration of the reducer solution is 10-20 mg/mL;
the ratio of the addition amount of the reducer solution to the solution A is 1:10-20.
6. The method for preparing a copper-platinum polynuclear cluster according to claim 3, wherein the stirring reaction temperature is 15-40 ℃, the stirring rate is 600-1500 r/min, and the reaction time is 5-20 min;
the reduction reaction temperature is 15-40 ℃ and the reaction time is 4-10 h.
7. Use of a copper-platinum polynuclear cluster as defined in claim 1 or 2 in the field of photoluminescence in the near infrared region.
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