CN115785546A - Preparation process of low-modulus high-elasticity improved chloroprene rubber - Google Patents
Preparation process of low-modulus high-elasticity improved chloroprene rubber Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation process of low-modulus high-elasticity improved chloroprene rubber, which relates to the technical field of rubber preparation and comprises the following steps: preparing raw materials, namely preparing raw rubber comprising chloroprene rubber and natural rubber or butadiene rubber, wherein the total amount is 100 parts; preparing a compounding agent capable of enhancing the performance of the rubber; preparing a framework material capable of enhancing mechanical strength; pre-treating, namely respectively baking chloroprene rubber, natural rubber or butadiene rubber and carbon black according to the formula amount, and then cutting into small blocks; plasticating, namely plasticating the natural rubber or the butadiene rubber treated in the step S2; and (3) mixing, namely adding the cardanol into the plasticated material in the step S3 in a formula amount, uniformly mixing, and blending with the chloroprene rubber treated in the step S2. The rubber mixing device has a reasonable structure, enables the raw rubber and the compounding agent to be uniformly mixed with each other, fully plays the roles of the rubber and the compounding agent, improves the mechanical strength of the rubber, limits the deformation of rubber products, and is suitable for high-strength industrial equipment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rubber preparation, in particular to a preparation process of low-modulus high-elasticity improved chloroprene rubber.
Background
Chloroprene rubber, which is a synthetic rubber produced by alpha-polymerization of chloroprene (i.e. 2-chloro-1,3-butadiene) as a main raw material, is widely applied to weather-resistant products, viscose shoe soles, coatings and rocket fuels, because the molecular chain of chloroprene rubber contains polar chlorine atom groups, on one hand, double bonds are protected to weaken the activity of the chloroprene rubber, and on the other hand, the polymer has great stability to non-polar substances, so that the performances of light resistance, heat resistance, aging resistance and the like of chloroprene rubber are superior to those of natural rubber. Chloroprene rubber has higher tensile strength equivalent to natural rubber, the elasticity of chloroprene rubber is lower than that of natural rubber, particularly the elasticity of chloroprene rubber at the temperature of below 15 ℃ is reduced rapidly along with the temperature, the chloroprene rubber can have good bonding effect with metal and can be widely used for sealing element materials containing metal inserts or linings, but the defects of poor low-temperature resistance, poor elasticity, high modulus and the like of chloroprene rubber are exposed. Therefore, the natural rubber or the butadiene rubber is used for overcoming the defects of the chloroprene rubber, the chloroprene rubber is replaced by the combined rubber, and the combined rubber can overcome the defects of the chloroprene rubber, so that the low-modulus high-elasticity improved chloroprene rubber preparation process is formed.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to provide a preparation process of low-modulus high-elasticity improved chloroprene rubber, which can be used for uniformly mixing raw rubber and a compounding agent, fully playing the roles of the rubber and the compounding agent, improving the mechanical strength of the rubber, limiting the deformation of a rubber product and being suitable for high-strength industrial equipment.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present application provides the following technical solutions: a preparation process of low-modulus high-elasticity improved chloroprene rubber comprises the following steps:
step S1: preparing raw materials, namely preparing raw materials,
preparing raw rubber comprising chloroprene rubber and natural rubber or butadiene rubber, wherein the total amount is 100 parts;
preparing a compounding agent capable of enhancing the performance of the rubber;
preparing a framework material capable of enhancing mechanical strength;
step S2: pre-treating, namely respectively baking chloroprene rubber, natural rubber or butadiene rubber and carbon black according to the formula amount, and then cutting into small blocks;
and step S3: plasticating, namely plasticating the natural rubber or the butadiene rubber treated in the step S2;
and step S4: mixing, namely adding cardanol in the formula amount into the plasticated material in the step S3, uniformly mixing, blending with the chloroprene rubber treated in the step S2, and sequentially adding a compounding agent and a framework material in the formula amount to obtain a mixed colloid;
step S5: molding, namely using molding equipment comprising a calender and an extruder to pre-prepare the mixed colloid obtained in the step S4 into a rubber semi-finished product with a required shape, pattern and size;
step S6: vulcanization, namely adding a certain amount of vulcanization accelerator into the rubber semi-finished product obtained in the step S5, and vulcanizing in a vulcanizing tank to obtain high-elasticity chloroprene rubber;
step S7: trimming, namely trimming the high-elasticity chloroprene rubber obtained in the step S6 to obtain the high-elasticity chloroprene rubber with the final shape, style and size.
Step S8: and (5) checking, namely testing the physical and chemical properties, the mechanical properties and the like of the high-elasticity chloroprene rubber with the final shape, style and size obtained in the step (S7).
In further embodiments, the complexing agent in step S1 comprises stearic acid, magnesium oxide, carbon black, naphthenic oil, zinc oxide.
In a further example, in step S1, a bulk compounding agent such as stearic acid is subjected to a pulverization treatment, a powdery compounding agent such as magnesium oxide is subjected to a screening treatment, and a liquid compounding agent such as naphthenic oil is subjected to a heating, melting, water evaporation, and impurity filtration treatment.
In a further embodiment, the skeleton material in step S1 comprises a fibrous material and a metallic material.
In further embodiments, the fibrous materials include cotton, hemp, wool, and various man-made fibers, synthetic fibers;
the metal material comprises a steel wire and a copper wire.
In a further embodiment, the baking in step S2 is baking at 50-70 ℃ for 1-3h.
In a further embodiment, the steps S3 and S4 are specifically: plasticating by adopting a double-radiation open mill, adding the natural rubber or butadiene rubber treated in the step S2 for plasticating for 5-15min when the temperature of the front wheel is 55-60 ℃ and the temperature of the back rolling is 50-55 ℃, and then adding cardanol for mixing.
In a further embodiment, the vulcanization accelerator in step S6 is an imidazole-based compound containing an imidazole structural unit.
In a further embodiment, the heating vulcanization temperature in step S6 is 140 ℃ to 200 ℃.
In conclusion, the technical effects and advantages of the invention are as follows:
the invention has reasonable structure, and can carry out crushing, screening, heating melting and evaporation filtering treatment on blocky, powdery and liquid compounding agent chalks through the pretreatment of the compounding agent and the raw rubber, so that the raw rubber and the compounding agent can be uniformly mixed with each other, the compounding agent can be uniformly dispersed in the mixing process, the generation of bubbles in the vulcanization process is reduced, the functions of the rubber and the compounding agent are fully exerted, and the product quality is improved.
According to the invention, by adding the framework material comprising the fiber material and the metal material, the mechanical strength of the rubber can be effectively improved, the deformation of a rubber product is limited, and the product quality is improved; through the molding processing of the rubber compound and the drying and gum dipping of the fiber material before calendering, the bonding performance of the fiber material and the rubber material can be improved, the mechanical strength of the rubber is further enhanced, and the rubber compound is suitable for high-strength industrial equipment.
In the invention, one of imidazole compounds is used as the vulcanization system for executing the vulcanization step, and the vulcanization system has the advantages of simple composition, easy dispersion, safe operation, suitability for conventional rubber processing means and the like, and has the characteristics of small using amount, high vulcanization speed, high vulcanization efficiency, large crosslinking density and the like compared with the traditional chloroprene rubber vulcanization system, and the obtained vulcanized rubber has tensile strength and tearing strength equivalent to those of the traditional vulcanization system and is more prominent in tensile strength, elongation at break and permanent deformation.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is an overall process flow diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a process diagram of the raw material preparation step of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a process diagram of a pretreatment step of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a process diagram of the framework material of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a process diagram of an inspection step of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example (b): referring to fig. 1-5, a process for preparing a low modulus high elasticity modified neoprene rubber includes the following steps:
step S1: preparing raw materials, namely preparing raw materials,
preparing raw rubber comprising chloroprene rubber and natural rubber or butadiene rubber, wherein the total amount is 100 parts;
preparing a compounding agent capable of enhancing the performance of the rubber;
preparing a framework material capable of enhancing mechanical strength;
step S2: pre-treating, namely respectively baking chloroprene rubber, natural rubber or butadiene rubber and carbon black according to the formula amount, and then cutting into small blocks;
and step S3: plasticating, namely plasticating the natural rubber or the butadiene rubber treated in the step S2;
and step S4: mixing, namely adding cardanol in the formula amount into the plasticated material in the step S3, uniformly mixing, blending with the chloroprene rubber treated in the step S2, and sequentially adding a compounding agent and a framework material in the formula amount to obtain a mixed colloid;
step S5: molding, namely using molding equipment comprising a calender and an extruder to pre-prepare the mixed colloid obtained in the step S4 into a rubber semi-finished product with a required shape, pattern and size;
step S6: vulcanization, namely adding a certain amount of vulcanization accelerator into the rubber semi-finished product obtained in the step S5, and vulcanizing in a vulcanizing tank to obtain high-elasticity chloroprene rubber;
step S7: trimming, namely trimming the high-elasticity chloroprene rubber obtained in the step S6 to obtain the high-elasticity chloroprene rubber with the final shape, style and size.
Step S8: and (5) checking, namely testing the physical and chemical properties, the mechanical properties and the like of the high-elasticity chloroprene rubber with the final shape, style and size obtained in the step (S7).
As a preferable embodiment in this example, the compounding agent in step S1 includes stearic acid, magnesium oxide, carbon black, naphthenic oil, zinc oxide, and the compounding agent is an auxiliary material added for improving the properties of the rubber.
In this example, in step S1, a block-shaped compounding agent such as stearic acid is pulverized, a powdery compounding agent such as magnesium oxide is subjected to a sieving treatment, and a liquid compounding agent such as naphthenic oil is subjected to heating, melting, water evaporation, and impurity filtration. In the preparation process of raw materials, the ingredients must be weighed accurately according to the formula, and the purpose of processing the ingredients is to enable the raw rubber and the ingredients to be uniformly mixed with each other. Further, the compounding ingredients are dried, and if not, they tend to be agglomerated, and they are not uniformly dispersed during kneading, and air bubbles are generated during vulcanization, thereby affecting the product quality.
Further, the framework material in step S1 includes a fiber material and a metal material.
The fiber material comprises cotton, hemp, wool, various artificial fibers and synthetic fibers;
the metal material comprises a steel wire and a copper wire.
By adding a certain amount of fiber materials and metal materials, the mechanical strength of the rubber can be effectively improved, and the deformation of rubber products is limited.
As a preferred implementation manner in this embodiment, the baking in step S2 refers to baking at 50-70 ℃ for 1-3h. The purpose of the heat drying is to enable the raw rubber and the compounding ingredients to be uniformly mixed with each other.
As a preferred implementation manner in this embodiment, the steps S3 and S4 are specifically: plasticating by adopting a double-radiation open mill, adding the natural rubber or butadiene rubber treated in the step S2 for plasticating for 5-15min when the temperature of the front wheel is 55-60 ℃ and the temperature of the back rolling is 50-55 ℃, and then adding cardanol for mixing.
In the mastication step, specifically, the raw rubber is not easy to process because it is rich in elasticity and lacks necessary properties (plasticity) for processing, and is masticated in order to improve the plasticity; thus, the compounding agent is easy to be evenly dispersed in the raw rubber during mixing; meanwhile, the method also contributes to improving the permeability (permeating into the fiber fabric) and the molding fluidity of the sizing material in the calendering and molding processes. The plastication process is specifically a process in which long-chain molecules are degraded to form plasticity. Specifically, two methods of raw rubber plastication are mechanical plastication and thermal plastication. The mechanical plastication is to degrade and shorten long-chain rubber molecules under the action of mechanical extrusion and friction force of a plasticator at a low temperature, and the long-chain rubber molecules are converted from a high-elasticity state into a plastic state. The thermoplastic is to let in the glowing compressed air in the crude rubber, under the effect of heat and oxygen, make long chain molecule degradation shorten to obtain plasticity, adopt the mode of thermoplasticity in this application.
In the mixing step, in order to adapt to various use conditions, obtain various performances, improve the performance of rubber products and reduce the cost, different compounding agents must be added into raw rubber, and the mixing is a process of mixing the plasticated raw rubber and the compounding agents, putting the mixture into a rubber mixing mill, and completely and uniformly dispersing the compounding agents in the raw rubber through mechanical mixing. Mixing is an important process in the production process of rubber products, if mixing is not uniform, the functions of rubber and compounding agents cannot be fully exerted, and the service performance of products is influenced, so that the uniformity of mixing colloid is ensured in the process. The rubber material obtained after mixing is called as mixed rubber, is a semi-finished product material for manufacturing various rubber products, is commonly called as rubber material, and can be directly processed, molded and vulcanized to prepare the required rubber products.
In the molding step, specifically, the rubber compound is pressed into a rubber sheet with a certain shape and a certain size through a calender. In the process, a layer of thin glue (glue coating, also called adhesive sticking or adhesive wiping, on fibers) is required to be coated on textile fiber materials used for rubber, the gluing process is generally finished on a calender, the fiber materials need to be dried and dipped before calendering, and the drying aims to reduce the water content of the fiber materials (so as to avoid water evaporation and foaming) and improve the temperature of the fiber materials so as to ensure the quality of the calendering process; the gum dipping is a necessary procedure before gum hanging, and aims to improve the binding performance of the fiber material and the gum material;
as a preferable embodiment in this embodiment, the vulcanization accelerator in step S6 is an imidazole-based compound containing an imidazole structural unit, and specifically, the imidazole-based compound is used in an amount of 0.3 to 10 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the chloroprene rubber; wherein the imidazole compounds include: imidazole, methylimidazole, ethylimidazole, propylimidazole, butylimidazole, phenylimidazole, benzimidazole, 1,2-dimethylimidazole, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazole iodide, 1-octyl-3-methylimidazole chloride, 1-allyl-3-methylimidazole chloride, 2-methyl-4-ethylimidazole, 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole, 2-isopropyl imidazole, 2,4-dimethylimidazole, 4,5-diphenylimidazole, nitroimidazole, diphenylimidazole, hydroxyethylimidazole, 2,2-diimidazole methane, aminopropylimidazole, N-acetyl imidazole, 2-chloro-4-nitroimidazole, 2-phenylmethylimidazole, 2,5,6-trimethylbenzimidazole, diimidazole benzene, 4,5-dinitroimidazole, A-undecylimidazole, 2-heptadecylimidazole, 1-aminoethyl-2-methylimidazole, 1-cyano-2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole, zxft 5332-dimethylol, 4232-dimethylolimidazole, 2-ethylmethyl-4264-dimethylolimidazole, bis (bis-methyl-4264) methyl-4232-methyl-imidazole; one of the imidazole compounds is adopted as the vulcanization system for executing the vulcanization step, has the advantages of simple composition, easy dispersion, safe operation, suitability for conventional rubber processing means and the like, and has the characteristics of small using amount, high vulcanization speed, high vulcanization efficiency, large crosslinking density and the like compared with the traditional chloroprene rubber vulcanization system, and the obtained vulcanized rubber has the tensile strength and the tearing strength equivalent to those of the traditional vulcanization system and has more outstanding performances on the tensile strength, the elongation at break and the permanent deformation. In this example, the heating vulcanization temperature in step S6 is 140 ℃ to 200 ℃.
As a preferred implementation manner in this embodiment, in the checking step, specifically, the physical mechanical property test includes: density, hardness, surface resistivity, dielectric properties, tensile properties, impact properties, tear properties, compression properties, adhesive strength, wear resistance, low temperature properties, resilience properties; and (3) aging performance test: heat aging, ozone aging, ultraviolet lamp aging, salt spray aging, xenon lamp aging, carbon arc lamp aging, halogen lamp aging; and (3) testing liquid resistance: lubricating oil, gasoline, engine oil, acid, alkali, organic solvent and water resistance; and (3) testing the combustion performance: vertical combustion, alcohol burner combustion, tunnel propane combustion, smoke density, combustion rate, effective combustion heat value, total smoke release amount; and (3) testing the applicability: hydraulic pressure resistance, pulse test, conductivity, water tightness and air tightness. Through the test and detection, the quality of finished products is strictly controlled, and unqualified products are recycled.
According to the preparation process of the low-modulus high-elasticity improved chloroprene rubber, the compounding agent and raw rubber are pretreated, and massive, powdery and liquid compounding agent chalks are crushed, screened, heated to be melted and subjected to evaporation filtration treatment, so that the raw rubber and the compounding agent can be uniformly mixed with each other, the compounding agent can be uniformly dispersed in the mixing process, the generation of bubbles in the vulcanization process is reduced, the effects of the rubber and the compounding agent are fully exerted, and the product quality is improved. By adding the framework material comprising the fiber material and the metal material, the mechanical strength of the rubber can be effectively improved, the deformation of a rubber product is limited, and the product quality is improved; the mixed rubber is molded and processed, and then the fiber material is dried and dipped before rolling, so that the bonding performance of the fiber material and the rubber material can be improved, and the mechanical strength of the rubber is further enhanced.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments or portions thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A preparation process of a low-modulus high-elasticity improved chloroprene rubber is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1: preparing raw materials, namely preparing raw materials,
preparing raw rubber comprising chloroprene rubber and natural rubber or butadiene rubber, wherein the total amount is 100 parts;
preparing a compounding agent capable of enhancing the performance of the rubber;
preparing a framework material capable of enhancing mechanical strength;
step S2: pre-treating, namely respectively carrying out hot baking on chloroprene rubber, natural rubber or butadiene rubber and carbon black according to the formula amount, and then cutting into small blocks;
and step S3: plasticating, namely plasticating the natural rubber or the butadiene rubber treated in the step S2;
and step S4: mixing, namely adding cardanol in a formula amount into the plasticated material in the step S3, uniformly mixing, blending with the chloroprene rubber treated in the step S2, and sequentially adding a formula amount of compounding agent and a framework material to obtain a mixed colloid;
step S5: molding, namely using molding equipment comprising a calender and an extruder to pre-prepare the mixed colloid obtained in the step S4 into a rubber semi-finished product with a required shape, pattern and size;
step S6: vulcanization, namely adding a certain amount of vulcanization accelerator into the rubber semi-finished product obtained in the step S5, and vulcanizing in a vulcanizing tank to obtain high-elasticity chloroprene rubber;
step S7: trimming, trimming the high-elasticity chloroprene rubber obtained in the step S6 to obtain the high-elasticity chloroprene rubber with the final shape, the final style and the final size.
Step S8: and (5) checking, namely testing the physical and chemical properties, the mechanical properties and the like of the high-elasticity chloroprene rubber with the final shape, style and size obtained in the step (S7).
2. The process according to claim 1 for the preparation of a low modulus, high elasticity improved neoprene rubber, wherein: the compounding agent in the step S1 comprises stearic acid, magnesium oxide, carbon black, naphthenic oil and zinc oxide.
3. The process of claim 2 for the preparation of a low modulus, high elasticity improved neoprene rubber, wherein: in step S1, a bulk compounding agent such as stearic acid is pulverized, a powdery compounding agent such as magnesium oxide is subjected to a screening process, and a liquid compounding agent such as naphthenic oil is subjected to heating, melting, water evaporation and impurity filtration processes.
4. The process of claim 1 for the preparation of a low modulus, high elasticity improved neoprene rubber, wherein: the framework material in the step S1 comprises a fiber material and a metal material.
5. The process of claim 4 for the preparation of a low modulus, high elasticity improved neoprene rubber, wherein: the fiber material comprises cotton, hemp, wool, various artificial fibers and synthetic fibers;
the metal material comprises a steel wire and a copper wire.
6. The process according to claim 1 for the preparation of a low modulus, high elasticity improved neoprene rubber, wherein: the step S2 is to bake the mixture for 1 to 3 hours at the temperature of between 50 and 70 ℃.
7. The process of claim 1 for the preparation of a low modulus, high elasticity improved neoprene rubber, wherein: the steps S3 and S4 are specifically: plasticating by adopting a double-radiation open mill, adding the natural rubber or butadiene rubber treated in the step S2 for plasticating for 5-15min when the temperature of the front wheel is 55-60 ℃ and the temperature of the back rolling is 50-55 ℃, and then adding cardanol for mixing.
8. The process according to claim 1 for the preparation of a low modulus, high elasticity improved neoprene rubber, wherein: in the step S6, the vulcanization accelerator is an imidazole compound containing an imidazole structural unit.
9. The process according to claim 8 for the preparation of a low modulus, high elasticity improved neoprene rubber, wherein: in step S6, the heating and vulcanizing temperature is 140-200 ℃.
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