CN115784393A - 过甲酸溶液在制备消毒剂中的应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了过甲酸溶液在制备消毒剂中的应用。具体,本发明公开了过甲酸溶液在制备用于猝灭市政污水残留病原菌的消毒剂中的应用。本发明证明:有更多的病原性和非病原性微生物对过甲酸溶液更加敏感,无论在消毒效率还是广谱特性方面,本发明涉及的过甲酸溶液处理对已知病原菌的猝灭程度优于现有的传统消毒剂和处理办法。本发明提供的过甲酸溶液能有效降低病原微生物扩散的风险。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于消毒剂制备技术领域,具体涉及过甲酸溶液在制备消毒剂中的应用。
背景技术
生活污水中含有大量的微生物,其中包含与人类疾病相关的病原性微生物,如细菌、病毒、真菌和原生动物。在常规废水处理中的最后步骤可进行补足处理--三级处理,对病原菌及其他微生物进一步消毒处理,为再生污水的质量提供了多重保证,从而对排水系统中的野生动物和微生物进行保护。高效、安全的杀菌剂和污水处理办法在污水再生处理中至关重要。
氯处理和紫外辐射处理是常用于污水三级处理中猝灭病原微生物的处理办法。但氯处理形成的副产物增加了排放污水的毒性,可能对流入环境和人类健康产生不利影响。紫外辐射处理则因其接触时间短和无毒副产物形成,被认为是废水处理中氯的替代品。然而,紫外辐射处理对设备和管理要求高能量和高成本,且在实际应用中受水质参数限制。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供过甲酸溶液在制备消毒剂中的应用,利用过甲酸溶液对病原菌的高效猝灭率及其高效、低毒、无有害残留的优点,对生活污水进行三次处理,从而降低排放污水中的病原菌数,降低排放风险。
因此,本发明的目的是提供过甲酸溶液在制备消毒剂中的应用。
具体的,本发明的目的是提供过甲酸溶液在制备用于猝灭市政污水残留病原菌的消毒剂中的应用。
进一步的,所述的过甲酸溶液,其制备步骤为:
(1)在冷却环境下将甲酸和硫酸混合直至冷却,得到混合液;
(2)在冷却环境下往步骤(1)的混合液中缓慢加入过氧化氢溶液,搅拌均匀,静置,得到过甲酸溶液。
进一步的,所述的过氧化氢溶液是质量分数为50%的过氧化氢溶液。
进一步的,所述的甲酸、硫酸、过氧化氢溶液的质量比为10:1:14。
进一步的,所述的静置是静置1小时。
本发明具有如下有益效果:
本发明提供了过甲酸溶液在制备消毒剂中的应用。本发明通过生物标记物判别的方法,评估污水中病原性微生物对不同消毒剂的敏感/抵抗程度,结果证明:相较于氯处理和紫外辐射处理,有更多的病原性和非病原性微生物对过甲酸溶液更加敏感,无论在消毒效率还是广谱特性方面,本发明涉及的过甲酸溶液处理对已知病原菌的猝灭程度优于现有的传统消毒剂和处理办法。本发明提供的过甲酸溶液能有效降低病原微生物扩散的风险。
附图说明
图1为病原微生物对不同处理敏感度的判别结果。
具体实施方式
以下实施例是对本发明的进一步说明,而不是对本发明的限制。
实施例1
(1)在冷却环境下将10份甲酸和1份硫酸混合直至冷却;
(2)在冷却环境下往步骤(1)的混合液中缓慢加入14份50%wt的过氧化氢(H2O2)溶液,搅拌均匀,静置1小时,得到过甲酸溶液;
(3)将100mg的过甲酸溶液与200mL的0.1M硫酸缓冲液混合,用0.02mol/L的高锰酸钾(KMnO4)溶液滴定过甲酸溶液,计算过氧化氢浓度;
(4)在步骤(3)体系中加入过量的碘化钾之后用0.02mol/L的硫代硫酸钠(Na2SO3)溶液进行滴定,计算过甲酸的浓度;
(5)按照过甲酸低浓度15mg·min/L(PFA_L,1mg/L处理15min)、过甲酸高浓度60mg·min/L(PFA_L,4mg/L处理15min)分别将制备好的过甲酸溶液加入到污水样品中,达到处理时间后加入硫代硫酸钠(Na2SO3)进行猝灭反应。
(6)对处理后的污水样品进行16SrRNA高通量扩增子测序分析,评估其对病原菌的猝灭效率。
以氯处理(Chl)和紫外辐射处理(UV)为对照,比较两种浓度的过甲酸溶液(低浓度:PFA_L,高浓度:PFA_H)对城市污水中的潜在病原菌猝灭程度进行分析和判定。
其中,氯处理为60mg·min/L(Chl,2mg/L处理30min),达到处理时间后加入硫代硫酸钠(Na2SO3)进行猝灭反应。
其中,紫外辐射处理强度为10mJ/cm2。
为了对潜在病原菌猝灭程度进行系统分析,本发明中使用的污水样品来源于三个不同的污水处理厂(表1),所使用的处理办法各不相同,包括活性污泥、生物滤膜和芦苇湿地污泥处理系统,污水样品的理化指标也有很大差异。
表1.本发明中使用污水样品的理化性质和污水处理厂信息
为了判定不同处理剂(办法)的消毒效率,我们进行了LEfSe(LDA EFfect Size)分析,该分析是一种用于发现和解释高维度数据生物标识的分析工具,可以进行两个或多个分组的比较,它强调统计意义和生物相关性,能够在组与组之间寻找具有统计学差异的生物标识(Biomarker)。
通过对将各处理后样品和处理前样品(原始污水)中的微生物进行LEfSe分析,根据LDA score判定微生物对该处理敏感还是有抗性。结果如表2所示,共39个生物标记物(biomarker)被判定为对高浓度过甲酸(PFA_H)溶液处理敏感,其中包括病原性微生物Flavobacteriaceae,Chromobacteriaceae,Chromobacterium和Escherichia_Shigella。Chromobacterium与多种人类传染病相关,包括脓毒症、内脏脓肿、皮损、脑膜炎、腹泻和尿路感染以及禽畜的败血症等。Escherichia Shigella是引起人类出血性腹泻的主要病原微生物之一。共11个生物标记物被判定为对低浓度过甲酸(PFA_L)处理溶液敏感,其中包括病原性微生物Chromobacteriaceae,Chromobacterium和Escherichia_Shigella。只有2个和4个生物标记物分别对氯处理(Chl)和紫外辐射处理(UV)敏感,却分别有3个和1个生物标记物对氯处理和紫外辐射处理显示抗性。
表2.不同处理对污水中的病原微生物猝灭程度
为了更直观的展现过甲酸溶液的消毒效果,我们对过甲酸溶液和传统消毒剂处理后的污水样品进行了分析。结果如图1所示,共12个生物标记物对低浓度过甲酸溶液处理敏感,同时对氯处理产生抗性,其中包括病原性微生物Aeromonadales,Aeromonadaceae,Aeromonas,Enterobacteriales和Enterobacteriaceae。Aeromonas被报道和前列腺炎,溶血性尿毒症综合征,浸润性败血症相关。Enterobacteriaceae和腹泻、脑膜炎、菌血症及肠胃炎相关。共10个生物标记物对低浓度过甲酸溶液处理敏感,同时对紫外辐射处理产生抗性,其中包括病原性微生物Aeromonadales,Aeromonadaceae,Aeromonas,Enterobacteriales,Enterobacteriaceae,Chromobacterium以及与牙周炎、Lemierre综合征和局部皮肤溃疡相关的Fusobacteriaceae。共18个生物标记物对高浓度过甲酸溶液处理敏感,同时对氯处理产生抗性,其中包括病原性微生物Chromobacteriaceae,Chromobacterium,Flavobacteriaceae和Flavobacterium。共26个生物标记物对高浓度过甲酸溶液处理敏感,同时对紫外辐射处理产生抗性,其中包括病原性微生物Aeromonadales和Aeromonadaceae。
以上结果表明,有更多的病原性和非病原性微生物对过甲酸溶液更加敏感,无论在消毒效率还是广谱特性方面,本发明涉及的过甲酸处理对已知病原菌的猝灭程度优于现有的传统消毒剂和处理办法。
以上仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出的是,上述优选实施方式不应视为对本发明的限制,本发明的保护范围应当以权利要求所限定的范围为准。对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (6)
1.过甲酸溶液在制备消毒剂中的应用。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,是在制备用于猝灭市政污水残留病原菌的消毒剂中的应用。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的应用,其特征在于,所述的过甲酸溶液,其制备步骤为:
(1)在冷却环境下将甲酸和硫酸混合直至冷却,得到混合液;
(2)在冷却环境下往步骤(1)的混合液中缓慢加入过氧化氢溶液,搅拌均匀,静置,得到过甲酸溶液。
4.根据权利要求3所述的应用,其特征在于,所述的过氧化氢溶液是质量分数为50%的过氧化氢溶液。
5.根据权利要求3所述的应用,其特征在于,所述的甲酸、硫酸、过氧化氢溶液的质量比为10:1:14。
6.根据权利要求3所述的应用,其特征在于,其特征在于,所述的静置是静置1小时。
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WO1994020424A1 (en) * | 1993-03-12 | 1994-09-15 | Kemira Peroxides B.V. | Method for disinfecting water such as drain water in horticulture, and appliance to be used therewith |
US6049002A (en) * | 1994-03-09 | 2000-04-11 | Kemira Chemicals B.V. | Method for the preparation of aqueous solutions containing performic acid as well as their use |
CN101268045A (zh) * | 2005-09-13 | 2008-09-17 | 凯米罗总公司 | 过氧酸的制备方法 |
CN104961209A (zh) * | 2015-07-10 | 2015-10-07 | 江苏鸿佑环保有限公司 | 污水高效无氯消毒杀菌系统 |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO1994020424A1 (en) * | 1993-03-12 | 1994-09-15 | Kemira Peroxides B.V. | Method for disinfecting water such as drain water in horticulture, and appliance to be used therewith |
US6049002A (en) * | 1994-03-09 | 2000-04-11 | Kemira Chemicals B.V. | Method for the preparation of aqueous solutions containing performic acid as well as their use |
CN101268045A (zh) * | 2005-09-13 | 2008-09-17 | 凯米罗总公司 | 过氧酸的制备方法 |
CN104961209A (zh) * | 2015-07-10 | 2015-10-07 | 江苏鸿佑环保有限公司 | 污水高效无氯消毒杀菌系统 |
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