CN115780826A - Laser melting 3D printing method and printing head - Google Patents
Laser melting 3D printing method and printing head Download PDFInfo
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- CN115780826A CN115780826A CN202310062602.9A CN202310062602A CN115780826A CN 115780826 A CN115780826 A CN 115780826A CN 202310062602 A CN202310062602 A CN 202310062602A CN 115780826 A CN115780826 A CN 115780826A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a laser melting 3D printing method and a printing head, belonging to the technical field of 3D printing, wherein the printing head is combined with a cladding head and a galvanometer module, a maximum inscribed rectangle is established based on a circular laser through hole of the cladding head during printing, a printing working breadth is divided into a plurality of printing data blocks based on the maximum inscribed rectangle, the moving speeds of the cladding head and the galvanometer module are determined according to the widths of the printing data blocks and the time required by the galvanometer module to scan the printing data blocks, the cladding head and the galvanometer module are synchronously and horizontally moved at the calculated moving speed, so that laser reflected by the galvanometer module passes through the laser through hole of the cladding head and is scanned in the range of the laser through hole, further, materials sprayed by the cladding head are subjected to laser sintering printing according to the data of the printing data blocks, fine parts with the same precision as the laser metal 3D printing are printed by the cladding head, and the application range of the cladding head is wider.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of 3D printers, and particularly relates to a laser melting 3D printing method and a printing head.
Background
The laser cladding processing process is a technology that a laser beam is utilized to melt a powder beam and a part of base material which are converged at a part to be processed on the surface of a workpiece to form a molten pool, and the molten pool is solidified to form special performance after the beam leaves. The laser cladding technology has the advantages of low dilution rate, small heat input, wide material and the like, has evolved into various different types in the process of industrial application at present, and is widely applied to various fields of additive manufacturing, remanufacturing and surface engineering. Common laser cladding techniques can be classified into a coaxial powder feeding laser cladding technique, a paraxial powder feeding laser cladding technique (also called a lateral powder feeding laser cladding technique), and a high-speed laser cladding technique (also called an ultra-high-speed laser cladding technique) according to the type of a laser cladding material and the coupling form of the material and a laser beam.
The working principle of Laser Cladding Forming (LCF) is similar to that of other rapid optical forming technologies, namely, a CAD model of a part to be manufactured is generated on a computer, the CAD model is sliced, a complex three-dimensional part is converted into a series of two-dimensional plane graphs, and the computer obtains a scanning track instruction from each layer of the two-dimensional graphs. The command controls the movement of the numerical control workbench to realize laser scanning cladding. And (4) conveying the cladding powder by adopting gas, and overlapping the cladding powder layer by layer to finally form the part with the required shape. The LCF technology is different from other rapid forming technologies in that the density, the strength and the performance of the manufactured metal part are very good, and the manufactured metal part can reach or even exceed those of metal parts produced by conventional casting or forging, so that the LCF technology has a good application prospect.
The characteristic of rapid solidification of laser cladding forming enables the internal structure of the material to be fine, the comprehensive mechanical property to be improved, and the performance of the part formed by the traditional casting and forging method can be achieved or even surpassed. The room temperature mechanical properties of the laser cladding forming and the forging forming of the alloys are compared, and it can be seen that the ductility of the 316SS stainless steel formed by laser cladding is similar to that of the forged state, and the yield strength reaches 2 times of that of the forged piece. The laser cladding not only improves the performance of the material surface layer, but also endows the material with new performance, reduces the manufacturing cost and energy consumption and saves limited strategic metal elements.
The laser cladding forming technology can also be used for processing refractory metals, high-temperature alloys, intermetallic compounds and other difficult-to-process materials, such as tungsten, rhenium, niobium, molybdenum, titanium aluminum, nickel aluminum and other intermetallic compounds and superalloy materials. If the Ti-6Al-4V material and the integral reinforced aircraft structural member with the wing ribs are produced by forging and machining, the delivery time is as long as 1-2 years, the material utilization rate is lower than 5%, if the laser cladding forming machining is adopted, the waste of valuable materials and the tool consumption can be reduced, the storage and manufacturing time can be reduced, the cost is reduced by 20-30%, the delivery time is shortened by 75%, and the performance of parts reaches or exceeds the standard of casting and forging materials. Therefore, the laser cladding forming technology has wide application prospect in the fields of complex part manufacturing, aerospace, part repair, weapon and medical instrument manufacturing and the like.
The related patents of the laser cladding technology scanning head are very many, including coaxial powder feeding technology, paraxial powder feeding technology, high-speed laser cladding technology and the like. For example, a coaxial powder feeding laser 3D printing laser cladding head disclosed in chinese patent application publication No. CN109055929A and an annular channel nozzle disclosed in chinese patent publication No. CN209555370U both show the basic structure of a laser cladding head, including a powder feeding, a shielding gas, a laser channel, and the like. Laser cladding is used as an important technology for 3D printing additive manufacturing, and is characterized by wide application range, and compared with SLM metal 3D printing, a cladding head is provided with powder feeding and protective gas functions, a working box for providing protective gas is not needed, a special powder laying mechanism is not needed, a horizontal scanning sintering plane is not needed, and metal powder additive sintering printing can be performed in local places of any part shape in a natural air environment. Therefore, the laser cladding has natural advantages in the fields of printing of large parts, repairing of metal parts and the like.
However, the disadvantages of laser cladding are that a single laser is usually used, the laser beam can only move horizontally along with the cladding head, the fast response capability of the laser head is very poor, the moving speed is very slow, and the moving distance per minute is usually within 5 m. Because the moving speed of the scanning head is limited, in order to achieve printing efficiency, only large light spots can be used for cladding printing, the diameter of a laser light spot is usually 2 to 8mm, laser cladding additive manufacturing is caused, only rough parts can be printed, and parts with accurate sizes and fine structures cannot be printed. If the light spot is adjusted to be the same as the size of the SLM metal 3D printing, the printing efficiency is sharply reduced, and the use value is lost.
Although the chinese patent with the publication number CN212270238U discloses a laser cladding head based on a dual galvanometer system, the scheme uses the high frequency response of the galvanometer system and the small light spot of the SLM system, and the small light spot is rapidly scanned by high frequency scanning to form an equivalent rectangular light spot, instead of the traditional round single light spot. However, the patent uses a galvanometer system only to change a circular light spot with non-uniform energy distribution into a square light spot with uniform energy distribution in a scanning manner so as to improve the sintering quality. But the metal powder sintering is carried out by using a large light spot essentially, and compared with the traditional laser cladding head, the precision of the sintered part is not improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a laser melting 3D printing method and a printing head, and aims to solve the problem of low printing precision in the existing laser cladding forming technology.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
the invention relates to a laser melting 3D printing method, which comprises the following steps:
and 3, calculating the horizontal moving speed of the cladding head, wherein the horizontal moving speed is represented as:
in the formula, the first step is that,Vthe horizontal moving speed of the cladding head is shown,t’representing the time required by the galvanometer module to scan the data block;
step 4. SpeedVAnd synchronously and horizontally moving the cladding head and the galvanometer module, so that the laser reflected by the galvanometer module passes through the laser through hole of the cladding head and scans in the range of the laser through hole, and then the material sprayed by the cladding head is subjected to laser sintering printing according to the data of the printing data block.
Preferably, in step 2, the length of the print data block except the last column is less than or equal toaBesides, the lengths of the rest of the printing data blocks are alla(ii) a Except that the width of the last row of print data blocks is less than or equal tob/nBesides, the widths of the rest printing data blocks are allb/n。
Preferably, the print data block width adjustment coefficient of each print data block in step 2nDetermined according to the data amount in the print data blocks so that the data amount is equal for each print data block, adjusting the coefficient for the widthnA print data block width adjustment coefficient of less than 2nThe adjustment is 2.
Preferably, in the step 4, for any one dot in the print data block, the printing step is as follows:
step 4.1, determining the coordinates of a point in a printing data block by taking the point of the laser vertically shot into the printing working surface as an origin;
and 4.2, calculating the rotation angles of the X galvanometer and the Y galvanometer according to the following calculation formula:
in the formula, the first step is that,x、yrespectively representing the abscissa and ordinate of the printed dot,V x is the moving speed component of the cladding head in the X-axis direction,V y is the moving speed component of the cladding head in the Y-axis direction,Lthe working distance of the galvanometer is the distance that the laser is vertically irradiated into the printing working surface after being reflected by the Y galvanometer;
and 4.3, respectively adjusting the X galvanometer and the Y galvanometer by the galvanometer motor according to the calculated rotating angles of the X galvanometer and the Y galvanometer.
The invention also relates to a laser melting 3D printing head which comprises a galvanometer module and a cladding head arranged below the galvanometer module; the galvanometer module comprises a laser, a focusing lens, an X galvanometer and a Y galvanometer which are sequentially arranged according to a light path; the cladding head comprises a laser through hole and a powder feeding and gas feeding channel, and the powder feeding and gas feeding channel is used for conveying protective gas and metal powder; laser emitted by the laser device is focused by the focusing lens, reflected by the X-vibration mirror and the Y-vibration mirror, penetrates through the laser through hole and is scanned in the range of the laser through hole, and metal powder conveyed by the powder feeding and air feeding channel is sintered; the galvanometer module and the cladding head synchronously and horizontally move, and the horizontal moving speed is expressed as:
in the formula, the first step is that,Vthe horizontal moving speed of the cladding head is shown,t’representing the time required for the galvanometer module to scan the block of data.
Preferably, the distance between the focusing lens and the X-ray galvanometer is kept constant all the time during printing.
Preferably, the X galvanometer and the Y galvanometer are controlled by galvanometer motors to rotate, and the rotation angular speeds of the galvanometer motors for controlling the X galvanometer and the Y galvanometer are respectively:
in the formula, the first step is that,ω x in order to control the rotation angular velocity of the galvanometer motor of the X galvanometer,ω y to control the angular velocity of rotation of the galvanometer motor of the Y galvanometer,V bx for the scanning velocity component of the galvanometer module in the X-axis direction,V by is the scanning speed component of the galvanometer module in the Y-axis direction,Lthe working distance of the galvanometer is the distance that the laser is vertically emitted into the printing working surface after being reflected by the Y galvanometer.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the laser melting 3D printing method, a 3D additive printing scheme combining a cladding head and a galvanometer module is adopted, the moving speed of the cladding head and the galvanometer module is calculated according to the size of a printing data block formed by cutting each layer of printing data, the scanning angle and the scanning angular speed of the galvanometer are given at the same time, so that the galvanometer module is ensured to scan in a laser through hole of the cladding head, fine parts with the same precision as laser metal 3D printing are printed by using the cladding head, and only parts with low precision are not limited to be printed.
2. When the laser melting 3D printing method provided by the invention is used for dividing the printing data, the width of each printing data block can be adjusted according to the data content of the printing data block, the scanning data of each data block is basically equal under the condition that the scanning range of the laser galvanometer is not more than the scanning window of the cladding head, and the horizontal moving speed of the cladding head is equal to the sintering scanning speed of the galvanometer laser for printing the data, so that the whole system achieves higher printing efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a laser melting 3D printhead to which the present invention relates;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a maximum inscribed circle constructed based on laser vias for a printing process;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a first cut made to the graphic data of a work web to be printed;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the second cutting of the graphic data of the working breadth to be printed in the embodiment 1;
FIG. 5 is an equivalent print diagram of a galvanometer module during printing of a certain print data block;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the second cutting of the graphic data of the working breadth to be printed in the embodiment 2.
Reference numerals: 1-galvanometer module, 11-laser, 12-focusing lens, 13-X galvanometer, 14-Y galvanometer, 2-cladding head, 21-laser through hole and 22-powder feeding and air feeding channel.
Detailed Description
For further understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples, which are provided for illustration of the present invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Referring to the attached drawing 1, the laser melting 3D printing head comprises a galvanometer module 1 and a cladding head 2 arranged below the galvanometer module 1; the galvanometer module 1 comprises a laser 11, a focusing lens 12, an X galvanometer 13 and a Y galvanometer 14 which are sequentially arranged according to a light path; the cladding head 2 comprises a laser through hole 21 and a powder feeding and gas feeding channel 22, wherein the powder feeding and gas feeding channel 22 is used for conveying protective gas and metal powder; the laser emitted by the laser 11 is focused by the focusing lens 12, reflected by the X-vibration mirror 13 and the Y-vibration mirror 14, passes through the laser through hole 21 and scans in the laser through hole, and sinters the metal powder conveyed by the powder feeding and air feeding channel 21.
For a commonly used gaussian beam, the expression for its rayleigh length:
in the formula, the first step is that,ω 0 is the beam waist half of the laserThe diameter of the steel wire is measured,λis a function of the wavelength of the light,Z R a rayleigh length;
the rayleigh length is proportional to the available depth of field of the laser beam, and thus it can be seen that for laser spots with a diameter less than 0.1mm, the allowable depth of field of the laser beam is less than 1% of that of the laser spots with a diameter more than 1mm, which is commonly used in laser cladding. Therefore, when the laser cladding method is used for accurately printing small spots, whether the depth of field available for the laser beam is enough or whether a field lens or dynamic focusing is needed needs to be calculated. The diameter ratio of the light transmission aperture of the laser cladding head is smaller, so the scanning range of the galvanometer is also small, the scanning range of the galvanometer is calculated according to the light transmission aperture of 10mm of the conventional laser cladding head, the scanning range of the galvanometer is +/-5 mm, the scanning working distance of the galvanometer is calculated according to 100mm, and the difference between the laser working distance at the edge of the scanning range and the working distance at the vertical position of the scanning laser is calculated. Assuming a working distance of the galvanometer ofLI.e. the distance of the laser beam vertically entering the printing working surface after being reflected by the Y galvanometer and the distance between the two galvanometer reflectorsD，x、yIs a coordinate value on the working surface with the vertical lower part of the printing beam as the origin, and the working distance of the laser focusing and the vertical working distance of the galvanometer for the pointLThe difference of (d) is:
to be provided withD=10mm，LFor example, =100mm, when the scanning range is ± 5mm,△L=0.12mm。
the galvanometer module and the cladding head synchronously and horizontally move, and the horizontal moving speed is expressed as:
calculating the diameter of the spot to be within 1% of the diameter at the optimal focal length for the usable depth of field of the laser beamω=（1±0.01）ω 0 Formula of the input Gaussian beam, beam waist radiusωThe expression of (a) is:
the commonly used 100um diameter light spot is printed by 3D, the calculation is carried out by substituting the formula, and the effective depth of field value is 2.05mm. Therefore, in the allowable scanning range of the laser cladding head, the change value of the working distance is smaller than the allowable depth of field of the laser beam, so that the optical path system in the figure does not need an FTheta flat-field lens or a real-time dynamic focusing focal length system, that is, the position of the focusing lens 12 does not need to be adjusted in the printing process, and the distance between the focusing lens 12 and the X-ray galvanometer 13 is always kept unchanged.
In the printing process of the laser melting 3D printing head, the galvanometer module 1 scans and prints patterns on a working printing working surface under the condition that the cladding head 2 needs to move at a constant speed. Because the scanning range is small, the working distance of the edge light beam is basically equal to that of the vertical light beam, so that the scanning angle and angular velocity formula of the galvanometer module 1 can be simplified into a linear formula, and the coordinate with the position of the data to be printed being the original point relative to the vertical position of the light beam is assumed to bex，yThe working distance of the galvanometer isLThe coordinate point file requires a scanning speed of
The translation speed of the laser cladding head is
The velocity components thereof on the xy-axis are respectively
、
Linear velocity of scanning of galvanometer module 1
The velocity components thereof on the xy-axis are respectively
、
At the beginning of scanning timing, the current time istThen, the formula of the scanning angle and the scanning angular velocity corresponding to the galvanometer is as follows:
the scanning coordinate is (x，y) The rotation angles of the X-galvanometer 13 and the Y-galvanometer 14 are:
the rotation angular velocity of the XY galvanometer motor is as follows:
thereby obtaining the speed of the cladding head
When the uniform motion is carried out, the user can move at any timetCoordinate points to be printed: (x，y) And the coordinate point to be printed requires a scanning speed of
Then, the rotation angles of the X and Y galvanometer motors can be obtained according to the formulaθ x 、θ y Angular velocity of rotation of motor for X, Y galvanometerω x 、ω y Therefore, the normal image printing on the printing working surface is realized by controlling the galvanometer motor under the condition that the cladding head moves at a constant speed in real time.
The laser melting 3D printing method adopting the printing head comprises the following steps:
step 2.1, regarding the graphic data of the working surface to be printed, according to the track of the printing head, along the vertical direction of the scanning track of the printing head, the data of the working surface to be printed is processed byaIs divided into a plurality of copies until the width of the remaining printing breadth is less thanaAs shown in fig. 3;
step 2.2. For each width ofaAlong the scanning direction, andb/nis cut into a plurality of pieces until the remaining print data is less thanb/nNamely, the method can be used for preparing the anti-cancer medicine,nis a number greater than 2, and may or may not be an integer, and in this embodimentnIs fixed, as shown in fig. 4;
and 3, calculating the horizontal moving speed of the cladding head, wherein the horizontal moving speed is represented as:
in the formula, the content of the active carbon is shown in the specification,Vthe horizontal moving speed of the cladding head is shown,t’representing the time required for the galvanometer module to scan the block of data,t’the expression of (a) is:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,L’represents length and width respectivelya、b/nNumber of prints ofThe maximum length of the vector of the amount of data printed within a block,V’standard process speed for galvanometer laser scanning (typically)V’Around =1 m/s);
as shown in FIG. 5, when n is more than or equal to 2, the speed of the laser cladding head is increasedVWhen the cladding head moves horizontally, the printing data are always in the range of the laser through holes 21 of the cladding head before being printed, so that the laser can be prevented from being blocked by the laser through holes 21 of the printing cladding head;
step 4. SpeedVAnd (3) synchronously and horizontally moving the cladding head and the galvanometer module, wherein the paths for moving the cladding head and the galvanometer module are shown in fig. 3, the zigzag paths are adopted for moving, in the moving process, the laser reflected by the galvanometer module passes through the laser through hole of the cladding head and scans in the range of the laser through hole, and then the material sprayed by the cladding head is subjected to laser sintering printing according to the data of the printing data block. Since, in the present embodiment, the amount of data required for printing in each print data block is different, that is, in the formula (9)t’The time required for the galvanometer module to scan the data blocks is also shown to be different, so that the speed at which the cladding head and the galvanometer module are moved horizontally as each printed data block is printedVAs well as being different.
Example 2
The structure of the print head of this embodiment is the same as that of embodiment 1, and this embodiment will not be described again. The embodiment merely illustrates another laser melting 3D printing method based on the print head, which includes the following steps:
step 2.1. ForPrinting graphic data of a working surface, and printing the data of the working surface to be printed along the track of the printing head along the vertical direction of the scanning track of the printing headaIs divided into a plurality of copies until the width of the remaining printing breadth is less thanaAs shown in fig. 3;
step 2.2. For each width ofaIn the scanning direction, and a printing area formed by printing the ink on the substrateb/nIs cut into a plurality of pieces until the remaining print data is less thanb/nNamely, the method can be used for preparing the anti-aging coating,nis a number greater than 2, and may or may not be an integer, and in this embodimentnIs variable, and the print data block width adjustment coefficient for each print data blocknDetermined according to the data amount in the print data blocks so that the data amount of each print data block is as equal as possible, adjusting the coefficient for the widthnA print data block of less than 2, a print data block width adjustment coefficient for the print data blocknAdjust to 2 as shown in fig. 6;
and 3, calculating the horizontal moving speed of the cladding head, wherein the horizontal moving speed is represented as:
in the formula, the first step is that,Vthe horizontal moving speed of the cladding head is shown,t’representing the time required for the galvanometer module to scan the block of data,t’the expression of (a) is:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,L’the length and width are respectively a,b/nThe maximum length of the data amount vector of printing within the print data block of (2),V’standard process speed for galvanometer laser scanning (typically)V’Around =1 m/s);
as shown in FIG. 5, when n is more than or equal to 2, the speed of the laser cladding head is increasedVWhen the laser cladding head moves horizontally, the printing data are always in the range of the laser through holes 21 of the cladding head before being printed, so that the laser can be prevented from being blocked by the laser through holes 21 of the printing cladding head;
step 4. SpeedVAnd (3) synchronously and horizontally moving the cladding head and the galvanometer module, wherein the paths for moving the cladding head and the galvanometer module are shown in fig. 3, the zigzag paths are adopted for moving, in the moving process, the laser reflected by the galvanometer module passes through the laser through hole of the cladding head and scans in the range of the laser through hole, and then the material sprayed by the cladding head is subjected to laser sintering printing according to the data of the printing data block. Since, in the present embodiment, the amount of data required for printing in each print data block is the same, i.e., in equation (9)t’The time required for the galvanometer module to scan the data blocks is also shown to be the same, so the speed of moving the cladding head and the galvanometer module horizontally as each printed data block is printedVThe time remains unchanged, and the printing efficiency of this embodiment is higher compared to embodiment 1.
The present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, but the description is only for the preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made within the scope of the present invention shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A laser melting 3D printing method is characterized in that: which comprises the following steps:
step 1, establishing a maximum inscribed rectangle based on a circular laser through hole of a cladding head, wherein two opposite sides of the maximum inscribed rectangle are vertical to the moving direction of the cladding head, and the side length isaThe other two opposite sides have a side length ofb；
Step 2, dividing the printing format into a plurality of printing data blocks, wherein the length of each printing data block is less than or equal to that of each printing data blockaWidth of less than or equal tob/nWherein the long edge of the printing data block is vertical to the moving direction of the cladding head,nthe coefficients are adjusted for the width of the print data block,n≥2；
and 3, calculating the horizontal moving speed of the cladding head, wherein the horizontal moving speed is represented as:
in the formula, the first step is that,Vthe horizontal moving speed of the cladding head is shown,t’representing the time required by the galvanometer module to scan the data block;
step 4. SpeedVAnd synchronously and horizontally moving the cladding head and the galvanometer module, so that the laser reflected by the galvanometer module passes through the laser through hole of the cladding head and scans in the range of the laser through hole, and then the material sprayed by the cladding head is subjected to laser sintering printing according to the data of the printing data block.
2. The laser-fused 3D printing method of claim 1, wherein: in the step 2, the length of the printing data blocks except the last column is less than or equal toaBesides, the lengths of the rest of the printing data blocks are alla(ii) a Except that the width of the last row of print data blocks is less than or equal tob/nBesides, the widths of the rest printing data blocks are allb/n。
3. The laser-fused 3D printing method of claim 1, wherein: the width adjustment coefficient of the printing data block of each printing data block in the step 2nDetermined according to the data amount in the print data blocks so that the data amount is equal for each print data block, adjusting the coefficient for the widthnA print data block width adjustment coefficient of less than 2nThe adjustment is 2.
4. The laser-melting 3D printing method of claim 1, wherein: in step 4, for any one dot in the print data block, the printing step is as follows:
step 4.1, determining the coordinates of a point in a printing data block by taking the point of the laser vertically shot into the printing working surface as an origin;
and 4.2, calculating the rotation angles of the X galvanometer and the Y galvanometer, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula, the content of the active carbon is shown in the specification,x、yrespectively representing the abscissa and ordinate of the printed dot,V x is the moving speed component of the cladding head in the X-axis direction,V y is the moving speed component of the cladding head in the Y-axis direction,Lthe working distance of the galvanometer is the distance that the laser is reflected by the Y galvanometer and then vertically enters the printing working surface;
and 4.3, respectively adjusting the X galvanometer and the Y galvanometer by the galvanometer motor according to the calculated rotating angles of the X galvanometer and the Y galvanometer.
5. A laser melting 3D beats printer head which characterized in that: the device comprises a galvanometer module and a cladding head arranged below the galvanometer module; the galvanometer module comprises a laser, a focusing lens, an X galvanometer and a Y galvanometer which are sequentially arranged according to a light path; the cladding head comprises a laser through hole and a powder feeding and gas feeding channel, and the powder feeding and gas feeding channel is used for conveying protective gas and metal powder; laser emitted by the laser device is focused by the focusing lens, reflected by the X-vibration mirror and the Y-vibration mirror, penetrates through the laser through hole and is scanned in the range of the laser through hole, and metal powder conveyed by the powder feeding and air feeding channel is sintered; the galvanometer module and the cladding head synchronously and horizontally move, and the horizontal moving speed is expressed as follows:
in the formula, the first step is that,Vthe horizontal moving speed of the cladding head is shown,t’representing the time required for the galvanometer module to scan the block of data.
6. The laser-fusing 3D print head of claim 5, wherein: in the printing process, the distance between the focusing lens and the X-ray galvanometer is kept unchanged all the time.
7. The laser-melting 3D print head of claim 5, wherein: the X galvanometer and the Y galvanometer are controlled to rotate by galvanometer motors, and the rotation angular speeds of the galvanometer motors for controlling the X galvanometer and the Y galvanometer are respectively as follows:
in the formula, the content of the active carbon is shown in the specification,ω x in order to control the rotation angular velocity of the galvanometer motor of the X galvanometer,ω y to control the angular velocity of rotation of the galvanometer motor of the Y galvanometer,V bx for the scanning velocity component of the galvanometer module in the X-axis direction,V by is the scanning speed component of the galvanometer module in the Y-axis direction,Lthe working distance of the galvanometer is the distance that the laser is vertically emitted into the printing working surface after being reflected by the Y galvanometer.
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| CN116423040A (en) * | 2023-03-20 | 2023-07-14 | 苏州菲镭泰克激光技术有限公司 | Laser welding galvanometer system |
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