CN115777710A - 双斑萤叶甲引诱剂活性组分和引诱剂 - Google Patents
双斑萤叶甲引诱剂活性组分和引诱剂 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种双斑萤叶甲引诱剂活性组分,其包括二甲基呋喃内酯,α‑红没药烯,α‑蒎烯三种组分,且三种组分的质量份比例为1:1:1。本发明还提供一种双斑萤叶甲引诱剂,其包括活性组分和非极性有机溶剂,所述活性组分包括二甲基呋喃内酯,α‑红没药烯,α‑蒎烯三种组分,且三种组分的质量份比例为1:1:1。本发明提供的双斑萤叶甲引诱剂活性组分和引诱剂,使用方便、高效、无毒,无污染、不伤天敌、成本低、有效期长。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于害虫防治领域,尤其涉及到一种双斑萤叶甲引诱剂活性组分和引诱剂。
背景技术
双斑萤叶甲为鞘翅目,叶甲科的一种昆虫,又称双斑长跗萤叶甲、双圈萤叶甲、四目叶甲。主要危害豆类、马铃薯、苜蓿、玉米、茼蒿、胡萝卜、十字花科蔬菜、向日葵、杏树、苹果等作物。双斑萤叶甲幼虫主要啃食根部,成虫取食叶肉,造成叶片缺刻、孔洞,影响光合作用,成虫还咬食谷子、高粱的花药,玉米的花丝以及刚灌浆的嫩粒,造成作物减产。
河北、山西1年生1代,以卵在土中越冬,卵期较长。翌年5月开始孵化。幼虫共3龄,幼虫期30天左右,在3~8厘米土中活动或取食作物根部及杂草。7月初始见成虫,一直延续到10月,成虫期3个多月,初羽化的成虫喜在地边、沟旁、路边的苍耳、刺菜、红蓼上活动,约经15天转移到豆类、玉米、高梁、谷子、杏树、苹果树上为害,7~8月进入为害盛期,大田收获后,转移到十字花科蔬菜上为害。成虫有群集性和弱趋光性,在一株上自上而下地取食,日光强烈时常隐蔽在下部叶背或花穗中。成虫飞翔力弱,一般只能飞2~5米,早晚气温低于8℃或风雨天喜躲藏在植物根部或枯叶下,气温高于15℃成虫活跃,成虫羽化后经20天开始交尾,把卵产在田间或菜园附近草丛中的表土下或杏、苹果等叶片上:卵散产或数粒粘在一起,卵耐干旱,幼虫生活在杂草丛下表土中,老熟幼虫在土中做土室化蛹,蛹期7~10天。干旱年份发生重。
目前对于双斑萤叶甲的研究主要集中于其发生原因、发生特点和发生规律,对于双斑萤叶甲的防治措施主要有农业防治、物理防治、生物防治和化学防治。农业防治主要有秋翻整地、冬灌、改良土壤、放置引诱色板;物理防治主要为人工捕捉,耗时费力;生物防治主要依靠天敌捕捉;化学防治会污染环境、杀死天敌、危害人体健康,还会增加害虫的抗药性,使得防治日益困难。因此,从生态环境和食品安全的角度出发,寻找一些稳定、高效的绿色防控技术已成为现代害虫防治的重点工作。
经有关专利文献检索,如专利CN202110177367(一种双斑长跗萤叶甲成虫引诱剂),该专利公开了一种双斑长跗萤叶甲成虫引诱剂,其活性组分由该叶甲的寄主植物挥发物构成,寄主植物挥发物包括1-庚烯、香橙烯、反-2-己烯醛、α-法呢烯、反-2-己烯-1-醇、叶醇、α-水芹烯、β-蒎烯、橙花叔醇;所公开的一种双斑长跗萤叶甲成虫引诱剂配比合理,引诱效果显著,具有绿色、安全、有效、持效期长等优点。如专利CN201810618040(用于控制昆虫侵袭的核苷酸序列及其方法)、CN201810618043(用于控制昆虫侵袭的核苷酸序列及其方法)、CN201810618037(用于控制昆虫侵袭的核苷酸序列及其方法)、CN201810550207(用于控制昆虫侵袭的核苷酸序列及其方法),专利公开了用于控制鞘翅目昆虫害虫双斑萤叶甲的靶标基因c4506、c46312、c40514、c35112的靶标序列,高效、特异、方便且成本低。
除此外暂未发现有关双斑萤叶甲引诱剂的相关文献或报道。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是提供一种双斑萤叶甲引诱剂活性组分和引诱剂,并提供至少后面将说明的优点。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种双斑萤叶甲引诱剂活性组分和引诱剂,使用方便、高效、无毒,无污染、不伤天敌、成本低、有效期长。
本发明的技术方案如下:
双斑萤叶甲引诱剂活性组分,其包括二甲基呋喃内酯,α-红没药烯,α-蒎烯三种组分,且三种组分的质量份比例为1:1:1。
优选的是,所述的双斑萤叶甲引诱剂活性组分中,还包括叶醇,β-蒎烯,香叶醇中的两种或三种。
优选的是,所述的双斑萤叶甲引诱剂活性组分中,包括按质量份比例为1:1:1:1:1以下五种组分:
二甲基呋喃内酯,α-红没药烯,α-蒎烯,叶醇,β-蒎烯;
或者二甲基呋喃内酯,α-红没药烯,α-蒎烯,叶醇,香叶醇;
或者二甲基呋喃内酯,α-红没药烯,α-蒎烯,β-蒎烯,香叶醇。
优选的是,所述的双斑萤叶甲引诱剂活性组分中,包括按质量份比例为1:1:1:1:1:1的二甲基呋喃内酯,α-红没药烯,α-蒎烯,叶醇,β-蒎烯和香叶醇。
双斑萤叶甲引诱剂,其包括活性组分和非极性有机溶剂,所述活性组分包括二甲基呋喃内酯,α-红没药烯,α-蒎烯三种组分,且三种组分的质量份比例为1:1:1。
优选的是,所述双斑萤叶甲引诱剂中,所述活性组分还包括叶醇,β-蒎烯,香叶醇中的两种或三种。
优选的是,所述双斑萤叶甲引诱剂中,所述活性组分包括按质量份比例为1:1:1:1:1以下五种组分:
二甲基呋喃内酯,α-红没药烯,α-蒎烯,叶醇,β-蒎烯;
或者二甲基呋喃内酯,α-红没药烯,α-蒎烯,叶醇,香叶醇;
或者二甲基呋喃内酯,α-红没药烯,α-蒎烯,β-蒎烯,香叶醇。
优选的是,所述双斑萤叶甲引诱剂中,所述活性组分包括按质量份比例为1:1:1:1:1:1的二甲基呋喃内酯,α-红没药烯,α-蒎烯,叶醇,β-蒎烯和香叶醇。
本发明的应用前景和效果分析:
1.监测虫情:本发明虫情测报可及时而准确地了解果树林中双斑萤叶甲种群的发生和消长情况,为进行适时有效地防治提供科学依据。用本发明的引诱剂测报虫情,灵敏度高,专一性强,使用方便,费用低廉,适于普遍推广。
2.大量诱捕:根据虫情监测结果绘制出成虫发生曲线,在成虫发生期,将本发明提供的双斑萤叶甲引诱剂悬挂于受害的果树林中,可诱捕到双斑萤叶甲的雌雄成虫,可降低虫口密度、减轻危害程度。
本发明经实验室和林间反复试验而成,不论是用来做虫情测报,还是大量诱捕,都有利于保护天敌,避免使用化学农药,对环境友好、安全,使用方便,成本低,有效期长,能够达到有效防治双斑萤叶甲的目的,具有显著的生态效益和经济效益。
本发明的其它优点、目标和特征将部分通过下面的说明体现,部分还将通过对本发明的研究和实践而为本领域的技术人员所理解。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明做进一步的详细说明,以令本领域技术人员参照说明书文字能够据以实施。
应当理解,本文所使用的诸如“具有”、“包含”以及“包括”术语并不配出一个或多个其它元件或其组合的存在或添加。
本发明提供一种双斑萤叶甲引诱剂活性组分,其包括二甲基呋喃内酯,α-红没药烯,α-蒎烯三种组分,且三种组分的质量份比例为1:1:1。
在本发明提供的所述的双斑萤叶甲引诱剂活性组分的一个实施例中,还包括叶醇,β-蒎烯,香叶醇中的两种或三种。
在本发明提供的所述的双斑萤叶甲引诱剂活性组分的一个实施例中,包括按质量份比例为1:1:1:1:1以下五种组分:
二甲基呋喃内酯,α-红没药烯,α-蒎烯,叶醇,β-蒎烯;
或者二甲基呋喃内酯,α-红没药烯,α-蒎烯,叶醇,香叶醇;
或者二甲基呋喃内酯,α-红没药烯,α-蒎烯,β-蒎烯,香叶醇。
在本发明提供的所述的双斑萤叶甲引诱剂活性组分的一个实施例中,包括按质量份比例为1:1:1:1:1:1的二甲基呋喃内酯,α-红没药烯,α-蒎烯,叶醇,β-蒎烯和香叶醇。
本发明提供一种双斑萤叶甲引诱剂,其包括活性组分和非极性有机溶剂,所述活性组分包括二甲基呋喃内酯,α-红没药烯,α-蒎烯三种组分,且三种组分的质量份比例为1:1:1。
在本发明提供的所述双斑萤叶甲引诱剂的一个实施例中,所述活性组分还包括叶醇,β-蒎烯,香叶醇中的两种或三种。
在本发明提供的所述双斑萤叶甲引诱剂的一个实施例中,所述活性组分包括按质量份比例为1:1:1:1:1以下五种组分:
二甲基呋喃内酯,α-红没药烯,α-蒎烯,叶醇,β-蒎烯;
或者二甲基呋喃内酯,α-红没药烯,α-蒎烯,叶醇,香叶醇;
或者二甲基呋喃内酯,α-红没药烯,α-蒎烯,β-蒎烯,香叶醇。
在本发明提供的所述双斑萤叶甲引诱剂的一个实施例中,所述活性组分包括按质量份比例为1:1:1:1:1:1的二甲基呋喃内酯,α-红没药烯,α-蒎烯,叶醇,β-蒎烯和香叶醇。
双斑萤叶甲具有迁飞性,致使其发生范围大小不易确定,对防治造成一定困难。植物与植食性昆虫以植物挥发性化合物作为化学信号建立联系,探讨植物挥发物与害虫的关系,是寻找控制害虫发生危害的有效方法,也是研制环境友好型生物农药的必然选择之一。植物挥发物是植食性昆虫定位寄主、选择取食和产卵场所的重要依据。特异的植物挥发物能够诱发昆虫表现出显著正趋性或负趋性的行为反应,可用于诱捕监控虫害发生范围,从而对害虫进行防控和诱杀。植物挥发物一般分为两类:一类是植物自身生长发育过程中释放的挥发性化学物质;另一类是植物收到昆虫攻击或外界机械刺激后诱导释放的化学物质。目前的研究通过对双斑萤叶甲进行触角电位技术测定,结果显示双斑萤叶甲雌雄虫均对庚烯,橙花叔醇,α-红没药醇、水芹烯,α、β-蒎烯,反-2-己烯醛,反-2-己烯-1-醇,己二酸二辛酯,稀释102倍的薄荷精油和叶醇的EAG反应值相对较大,对壬酸、十九烷、十七烷反应不明显。雌虫对叶醇反应值最大,为2.306 mV;雄虫对β-蒎烯反应值最大,为2.309 mV。 雌虫对十六烷,葎草烯的反应较雄虫更为敏感。
实验地点: 山西省晋中市太谷县南阳村玉米地
引诱方法:配制包括叶醇,β-蒎烯,香叶醇,α-红没药烯 ,α-蒎烯, 1-庚烯、香橙烯、反-2-己烯醛、α-法呢烯、反-2-己烯-1-醇、叶醇、α-水芹烯、β-蒎烯、橙花叔醇中一种或多种组分的双斑萤叶甲植物源引诱剂,以石蜡油为溶剂,加入带有子母塞的3 mL棕色玻璃瓶内。使用时,将引诱瓶置于水盆诱捕器上方,并将诱捕器悬挂于挂在木桩上,距地面0.5~1.0m,诱捕器之间相距50m左右,每种试验设6个重复。
于2022年7月31日至8月25日在山西省晋中市太谷县南阳村玉米地进行诱捕实验,每组试验设5个重复,对照为只加1 mL石蜡油的空白引诱瓶。每天检查诱捕数量并清理水盆内成虫。
实施例1:
配方1:叶醇,β-蒎烯,香叶醇,α-红没药烯 ,α-蒎烯,每组分各100 μg;
配方2: 1-庚烯、香橙烯、反-2-己烯醛、α-法呢烯、反-2-己烯-1-醇、叶醇、α-水芹烯、β-蒎烯、橙花叔醇,每组分各100 μg;
配方3:聚集信息素二甲基呋喃内酯100μg
由表1可以得知,采用叶醇,β-蒎烯,香叶醇,α-红没药烯 ,α-蒎烯这五种组分的组合产生的引诱效果最好,配方2虽然使用了较多的组分,但是效果不好,配方三的信息素则对于雌虫具有优秀的引诱效果。
实施例2:
配方4:二甲基呋喃内酯,叶醇,β-蒎烯,香叶醇,α-红没药烯 ,α-蒎烯,每组分各100 μg;
配方5:二甲基呋喃内酯,β-蒎烯,香叶醇,α-红没药烯 ,α-蒎烯,每组分各100 μg;
配方6:二甲基呋喃内酯,叶醇,香叶醇,α-红没药烯 ,α-蒎烯,每组分各100 μg;
配方7:二甲基呋喃内酯,叶醇,β-蒎烯,α-红没药烯 ,α-蒎烯,每组分各100 μg;
配方8:二甲基呋喃内酯,叶醇,β-蒎烯,香叶醇,α-蒎烯,每组分各100 μg;
配方9:二甲基呋喃内酯,叶醇,β-蒎烯,香叶醇,α-红没药烯,每组分各100 μg;
表2可知,配方4-9对与雌虫来说引诱效果都很优秀,而采用配方4-7对雌虫和雄虫取得的诱捕效果均最好,配方8和9中只含有α-红没药烯,α-蒎烯中的一种,则对雄虫的诱捕效果变差。
实施例3:
配方10:二甲基呋喃内酯10 μg,α-红没药烯10 μg,α-蒎烯10 μg
配方11:二甲基呋喃内酯50 μg,α-红没药烯50 μg,α-蒎烯50 μg
配方12:二甲基呋喃内酯100 μg,α-红没药烯100 μg,α-蒎烯100 μg
配方13:二甲基呋喃内酯200 μg,α-红没药烯200 μg,α-蒎烯200 μg
配方14:二甲基呋喃内酯500 μg,α-红没药烯500 μg,α-蒎烯500 μg
由上表可知,二甲基呋喃内酯,α-红没药烯,α-蒎烯这三种组分的配方,也可取得较好的引诱效果,而当每种组分均增加质量到200-500 μg时,对雄虫和雌虫取得的效果越来越好。
尽管本发明的实施方案已公开如上,但其并不仅仅限于说明书和实施方式中所列运用,它完全可以被适用于各种适合本发明的领域,对于熟悉本领域的人员而言,可容易地实现另外的修改,因此在不背离权利要求及等同范围所限定的一般概念下,本发明并不限于特定的细节。
Claims (8)
1.双斑萤叶甲引诱剂活性组分,其特征在于,包括二甲基呋喃内酯,α-红没药烯,α-蒎烯三种组分,且三种组分的质量份比例为1:1:1。
2.如权利要求1所述的双斑萤叶甲引诱剂活性组分,其特征在于,还包括叶醇,β-蒎烯,香叶醇中的两种或三种。
3.如权利要求2所述的双斑萤叶甲引诱剂活性组分,其特征在于,包括按质量份比例为1:1:1:1:1以下五种组分:
二甲基呋喃内酯,α-红没药烯,α-蒎烯,叶醇,β-蒎烯;
或者二甲基呋喃内酯,α-红没药烯,α-蒎烯,叶醇,香叶醇;
或者二甲基呋喃内酯,α-红没药烯,α-蒎烯,β-蒎烯,香叶醇。
4.如权利要求2所述的双斑萤叶甲引诱剂活性组分,其特征在于,包括按质量份比例为1:1:1:1:1:1的二甲基呋喃内酯,α-红没药烯,α-蒎烯,叶醇,β-蒎烯和香叶醇。
5.双斑萤叶甲引诱剂,其特征在于,包括活性组分和非极性有机溶剂,所述活性组分包括二甲基呋喃内酯,α-红没药烯,α-蒎烯三种组分,且三种组分的质量份比例为1:1:1。
6.如权利要求5所述双斑萤叶甲引诱剂,其特征在于,所述活性组分还包括叶醇,β-蒎烯,香叶醇中的两种或三种。
7.如权利要求6所述双斑萤叶甲引诱剂,其特征在于,所述活性组分包括按质量份比例为1:1:1:1:1以下五种组分:
二甲基呋喃内酯,α-红没药烯,α-蒎烯,叶醇,β-蒎烯;
或者二甲基呋喃内酯,α-红没药烯,α-蒎烯,叶醇,香叶醇;
或者二甲基呋喃内酯,α-红没药烯,α-蒎烯,β-蒎烯,香叶醇。
8.如权利要求6所述双斑萤叶甲引诱剂,其特征在于,所述活性组分包括按质量份比例为1:1:1:1:1:1的二甲基呋喃内酯,α-红没药烯,α-蒎烯,叶醇,β-蒎烯和香叶醇。
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EP0319757A2 (en) * | 1987-12-07 | 1989-06-14 | The Clorox Company | Insect attractant |
JP2001278708A (ja) * | 2000-03-31 | 2001-10-10 | Japan Tobacco Inc | ゴキブリ誘引剤 |
CN112931503A (zh) * | 2021-02-07 | 2021-06-11 | 石河子大学 | 一种双斑长跗萤叶甲成虫引诱剂 |
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EP0319757A2 (en) * | 1987-12-07 | 1989-06-14 | The Clorox Company | Insect attractant |
JP2001278708A (ja) * | 2000-03-31 | 2001-10-10 | Japan Tobacco Inc | ゴキブリ誘引剤 |
CN112931503A (zh) * | 2021-02-07 | 2021-06-11 | 石河子大学 | 一种双斑长跗萤叶甲成虫引诱剂 |
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张志虎;郭丹丹;陈静;韩小强;: "双斑长跗萤叶甲对棉花和玉米10种挥发物的触角电生理反应", 新疆农业科学, no. 02, pages 285 - 292 * |
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