CN115766040A - High-throughput cross-chain transaction method based on atomic exchange - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-throughput cross-chain transaction method based on atomic swap, which includes: first encrypting the unique identities of the first block chain and the second block chain, and then sending a registration request to the relay terminal through a gateway smart contract ; After creating the interaction channel, the first blockchain uses the information that wants to interact with the second blockchain, the first blockchain encrypts the information of the first blockchain through the unique identity of the second blockchain, and initiates Transaction request; the second block chain conducts a simple payment verification transaction of the light client through the gateway. If the verification is successful, the second block chain decrypts the information through a decryption algorithm according to its own private key and stores it in its own block chain. In the present invention, both sides of the transaction directly exchange data across chains, avoiding the risk of blocking the network caused by attackers creating a large number of transaction channels in the original hash time lock technology, thereby improving the throughput of cross-chain data transmission .

Description

A high-throughput cross-chain transaction method based on atomic swap

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of block chain cross-chain, in particular to a high-throughput cross-chain transaction method based on atomic swap.

Background technique

In recent years, the distributed trust and value system represented by the blockchain is forming at an unprecedented speed and scale. The development of the blockchain has also attracted much attention. However, the blockchain also has low throughput and high propagation delay. And obvious disadvantages such as network isolation. Among all the problems faced by the blockchain, the isolation of the network has the greatest impact on the development space of the blockchain, which seriously hinders the collaborative operation between the same blockchain.

Cross-chain emerged as the times require. Cross-chain technology is a solution to the network isolation problem faced by the blockchain. It builds a bridge for communication between information islands and makes the value Internet a reality. It is a link from one chain to another. The communication protocol is the core content of the blockchain 3.0 stage. Existing cross-chain methods include notary mechanisms, side chains/relays, hash locks, and distributed private key control.

The notary mechanism is a weakly centralized cross-chain project solution, which supports two-way cross-chain, has a simple implementation principle, and does not require complicated proof-of-work.

The side chain/relay mode uses a third-party medium to act as the repeater of the customer chain, and relays the blocks of cross-chain transactions to the corresponding blockchain. Its advantage is to make the cross-chain network more efficient, and it can support cross-chain asset transformation and transfer, cross-chain contract and asset mortgage, and the application chain is responsible for the confirmation and verification of transactions.

Hash locking is a cross-chain technology that realizes the exchange of assets between different chains. It requires the middleman and receiver of the transaction to give the correct hash value within a given time. The advantage of hash locking is that the blockchains can realize cross-chain information interaction by running specific smart contracts on the two chains, and hash locking is strictly dependent on the execution of smart contracts.

Distributed private key control is to separate the ownership and use rights of digital assets to reduce the risk of centralization. The advantage of distributed private key control is that users only have private keys to control assets.

The existing cross-chain has the following problems:

1. At present, cross-chain technology does not fully and comprehensively support heterogeneous blockchain cross-chain;

2. Quasi-centralization of notaries is likely to cause centralization risks, and there is a problem of single point of failure;

3. The disadvantage of the side chain/relay mode is that it needs to expand the bottom layer of the application chain, and the development cost is relatively high;

4. The current application scenarios of hash lock are relatively limited, and the transaction channel will be closed due to the normal network delay exceeding the time lock limit, which will affect the normal cross-chain data exchange;

5. Distributed private key control smart contracts require more implementations.

Contents of the invention

The present invention provides a high-throughput cross-chain transaction method based on atomic swap, aiming to solve the problem of low throughput in the existing cross-chain transaction technology.

The main features of the present invention are: an encryption method based on blockchain identity (identity-based encryption, IBE), a gateway smart contract, and simple payment verification (Simplified Payment Verification, SPV). The encryption method based on block chain identity includes: a password generation module. The gateway smart contract includes: identity registration contract, SPV verification module. The simple payment verification module includes: transaction verification module.

The high-throughput cross-chain transaction method based on atomic swap in the present invention adopts a triplet algorithm, and the triplet includes an algorithm for generating public and private keys, an encryption algorithm, and a decoding algorithm.

A high-throughput cross-chain transaction method based on atomic swap, comprising the following steps:

(1) Using the first block chain and the second block chain in different scenarios, first encrypt the unique identity of the first block chain and the second block chain, and then initiate registration to the relay terminal through the gateway smart contract Request, according to the registration request, return the command corresponding to the successful registration of the blockchain;

(2) After the first block chain and the second block chain receive the command of successful registration, they create an interactive channel;

(3) After creating the interaction channel, the first blockchain wants to interact with the information of the second blockchain, and the first blockchain encrypts the information of the first blockchain through the unique identity of the second blockchain, Initiate a transaction request;

(4) After the transaction request is initiated, the second block chain performs a simple payment verification transaction on the light client through the gateway. If the verification is successful, the second block chain decrypts the information through the decryption algorithm according to its own private key and stores it in its own area. blockchain.

The invention establishes a transaction channel through an encryption method based on a block chain identity and verifies transactions with a simple payment verification technology, thereby reducing transaction time in a cross-chain transaction scenario and improving transaction throughput.

In step (1), the unique identity encryption of the first block chain and the second block chain uses a public-private key algorithm to generate a private key, specifically including:

输出对应于该身份的公钥PK和私钥SK，公钥PK作为身份的唯一身份标识。The unique identity that will be entered into the blockchain by generating a public-private key algorithm

Output the public key PK and private key SK corresponding to the identity, and the public key PK serves as the unique identity of the identity.

The encryption method based on unique identity is an asymmetric encryption algorithm, which is more secure than symmetric encryption, and the encryption method based on identity is more efficient than other asymmetric encryption, and the public key information is also more complete.

In step (3), the information of the first block chain is the block hash value of the first block chain with transaction information.

In step (3), the first block chain encrypts the information of the first block chain through the unique identity of the second block chain, and initiates a transaction request, which specifically includes: Hash calculation is performed on the block hash value and the unique identity of the second blockchain, and a transaction request is initiated through the calculated hash value.

The characteristics of the irreversible operation of the hash calculation can ensure that the transaction information will not be easily cracked, thus protecting the transaction information from being directly obtained by illegal visitors.

In step (4), the second block chain performs a simple payment verification transaction on the light client through the gateway, which specifically includes: the light client initiates a request, and after the full node receives the transaction, it will calculate the block according to which block the transaction belongs to. Merkle Tree of blocks. Then, after the light node receives part of the Merkle Tree, it calculates the hash of the transaction locally, and obtains the Merkle Root according to the hash values on the part of the Merkle Tree. If the value matches the value in its own block header , the transaction verification is successful.

The advantage of using light client verification lies in the Merkle Tree. To confirm whether a transaction belongs to a Merkle Root, it is not necessary to send the entire Merkle Tree to the light node, but only the part of the Merkle Tree related to the current transaction.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are mainly reflected in:

1. The identity-based encryption method registers the blockchain to the relay terminal, and the relay terminal only provides registration functions for cross-chain transactions, and does not participate in the specific details of cross-chain exchanges;

2. After the registration is successful, the two parties conducting the transaction directly conduct cross-chain data exchange, without the need to maintain the time period stipulated by the hash time atomic swap of the existing method, avoiding the attack in the original hash time atomic swap technology The risk of blocking the network caused by the creation of a large number of transactions, thereby improving the throughput of cross-chain data transmission;

3. Using SPV simple payment verification technology, the light client SPV verification does not need to download all blockchain information, but only needs to download the block header for verification, which ensures the correctness of the transaction while reducing the transaction time and improving the transaction throughput. quantity.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system structure of the present invention.

Figure 2 is a sequence diagram of cross-chain data interaction in the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of data encryption, broadcasting, verification and decryption in the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the SPV simple payment verification method of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

As shown in Figure 1, a high-throughput cross-chain transaction method based on atomic swap, the main features are: encryption method based on blockchain identity, gateway smart contract, and simple payment verification. The encryption method based on blockchain identity includes: a password generation module. The gateway smart contract includes: identity registration contract, SPV verification module. The simple payment verification module includes: transaction verification module. It mainly includes the following steps:

(1) The blockchain for transactions uses the unique identity in this blockchain network to generate a private key through the IBE identity encryption method, and both parties to the transaction blockchain use the unique identity to initiate a registration request to the relay terminal through the gateway smart contract;

(2) The relay smart contract returns a successful registration command to the corresponding blockchain according to the registration request;

(3) The blockchain uses the unique identity of the blockchain that wants to interact with the information to encrypt the information through the identity and initiate a transaction request;

(4) The corresponding block chain performs light client SPV verification and verification transactions through the gateway;

(5) The corresponding block chain decrypts the information through the private key corresponding to the identity, and obtains the information.

The timing diagram of cross-chain data interaction is shown in Figure 2.

In step (1), both parties in the blockchain generate a private key through IBE identity encryption, and use the unique identity to initiate a registration request to the relay terminal through the gateway smart contract. The specific steps are as follows: (1-1) Use the encryption and decryption method based on identity authentication , according to the unique identity of each blockchain in a cross-chain system as the public key, use the elliptic curve algorithm to generate the corresponding private key.

为身份的集合，其中

。假设M为待加密的明文信息，S表示明文加密后的密文。Set up blockchain

is a collection of identities, where

. Assume that M is the plaintext information to be encrypted, and S represents the ciphertext after plaintext encryption.

由extract, encryption和decryption三个步骤组成，构成一个关于算法的三元组

，其中extract为密钥生成算法，encryption为明文加密算法，decryption为密文解密算法，具体描述如下：Improved scheme based on IBE identity encryption

It consists of three steps of extract, encryption and decryption, forming a triplet about the algorithm

, where extract is the key generation algorithm, encryption is the plaintext encryption algorithm, and decryption is the ciphertext decryption algorithm. The specific description is as follows:

, 且

, 输出对应于该身份的公钥PK和私钥SK:

其中算法K为公私钥生成算法，PK为公钥，SK为私钥，ID为区块链在跨链系统中的唯一身份。Algorithm K is executed in the extract stage, and the input is an identity

, and

, output the public key PK and private key SK corresponding to the identity:

The algorithm K is the public-private key generation algorithm, PK is the public key, SK is the private key, and ID is the unique identity of the blockchain in the cross-chain system.

(1-2) Store the private key SK into the private key generator (Private Key Generator, PKG). PKG adopts a hierarchical tree structure management mechanism construction method for later decryption of information.

(1-3) According to the public key PK generated by the unique identity in step (1-1), by writing a smart contract on the gateway side, the smart contract contains the unique identity information of the corresponding blockchain.

(1-4) Send the smart contract to the relay terminal through the gateway to initiate a registration request for the blockchain.

In step (2), the specific steps for the relay smart contract to return the registration success are as follows: (2-1) After the relay smart contract receives the registration request from the gateway, it verifies whether the registration request meets the requirements, and if it meets the requirements, it sends the registration request to The gateway returns a successful registration command.

(2-2) The returned information also includes the public keys corresponding to the identity IDs of all blockchains currently registered at the relay end, so that subsequent information can be used interactively.

A schematic diagram of data encryption, broadcast, verification, and decryption is shown in Figure 3.

In step (3), the specific steps for initiating a transaction request are as follows: (3-1) Blockchain A encrypts the required interaction information through its corresponding gateway using the unique identifier of the other blockchain, and then the gateway end encrypts The information is broadcast to the whole network to initiate a transaction request.

，公钥PK, 输出关于M的加密后的密文S:

其中算法E为加密算法，S为加密后的密文，M为交易信息，PK为生成的公钥。Algorithm E is executed in the encrypt phase, and the input is the message to be encrypted

, the public key PK, output the encrypted ciphertext S about M:

The algorithm E is the encryption algorithm, S is the encrypted ciphertext, M is the transaction information, and PK is the generated public key.

In step (4), the specific steps for transaction verification are as follows: (4-1) Gateway D receives the transaction request broadcast from blockchain A, and first passes the light client SPV simple payment verification. The schematic diagram of SPV simple payment verification method is shown in Figure 4.

(4-2) Calculate the hash value of the transaction to be verified.

(4-3) Obtain and store all block headers locally from the blockchain network.

(4-4) Obtain the hash authentication path of the corresponding Merkle Tree to be verified from the blockchain.

(4-5) According to the hash authentication path, calculate the root hash value of the Merkle Tree, compare the calculation result with the root hash value of the Merkle Tree of the local block header, if they are the same, you can locate the blocks.

(4-6) According to the location of the block header, it can be verified whether the block header of the block is already in the blockchain, so as to confirm that the transaction is true and valid.

In step (5), the specific steps for obtaining information are as follows: (5-1) After confirming the transaction request, gateway D requests the private key from the key server for decryption.

(5-2) Gateway D obtains the private key of blockchain B sent by the key server, decrypts it, and then stores the information sent by blockchain A into blockchain B.

其中M为传输的交易信息，算法J为解密算法，S为上一算法生成的密文，SK为私钥。Algorithm J is executed in the decryption phase, the input is the encrypted ciphertext S, the private key SK, and the output is the plaintext message M corresponding to the ciphertext S:

Among them, M is the transaction information transmitted, algorithm J is the decryption algorithm, S is the ciphertext generated by the previous algorithm, and SK is the private key.

So far, the information on blockchain A has been written into blockchain B, completing the information exchange. If blockchain A wants to obtain the information on blockchain B, follow steps (4) and (5) above. When using the IBE encryption algorithm, it only needs to be encrypted according to the identity information, and there is no need to apply for a digital certificate like other encryption algorithms, thus avoiding a series of cumbersome procedures such as certificate issuance, revocation, verification, and storage. Through the direct exchange of cross-chain data between the two parties conducting the transaction, the adoption of SPV simple payment verification technology not only ensures the correctness of the transaction, but also improves the throughput of cross-chain data transmission.

The above description is only the specific implementation method of the embodiment of this specification. It should be noted that the technical features of the present invention are not limited thereto, but conform to the widest range consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein. Any improvements or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the present invention are covered by the patent scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. A high-throughput cross-chain transaction method based on atomic exchange is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) The method comprises the steps that a first block chain and a second block chain under different scenes are adopted, a registration request is sent to a relay terminal through a gateway intelligent contract after respective unique identities of the first block chain and the second block chain are encrypted, and a command of successfully registering the corresponding block chain is returned according to the registration request;

(2) After the first block chain and the second block chain receive the command of successful registration, an interaction channel is established;

(3) After the interactive channel is established, the first block chain wants to interact with the information of the second block chain, and the first block chain encrypts the information of the first block chain through the unique identity of the second block chain and initiates a transaction request;

(4) And after a transaction request is initiated, the second block chain performs simple payment verification transaction of the light client through the gateway, and if the verification is successful, the second block chain decrypts the information through a decryption algorithm according to a private key of the second block chain and stores the information into the block chain of the second block chain.

2. The atomic exchange-based high-throughput cross-chain transaction method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the unique identity encryption of each of the first blockchain and the second blockchain generates the private key by using a public-private key algorithm.

3. The method for high throughput cross-chain transaction based on atomic exchange according to claim 2, wherein in the step (1), the encryption of the unique identities of the first blockchain and the second blockchain respectively generates the private key by using a public-private key algorithm, which specifically includes:

and outputting the unique identity of the input block chain to a public key and a private key corresponding to the identity by generating a public-private key algorithm, wherein the public key is used as the unique identity of the identity.

4. The method for high throughput cross-chain transaction based on atomic exchange according to claim 1, wherein in step (3), the information of the first blockchain is a blockhash value of the first blockchain with the transaction information.

5. The method for high throughput cross-chain transaction based on atomic exchange according to claim 1, wherein in step (3), the first blockchain encrypts the information of the first blockchain through the unique id of the second blockchain, and initiates the transaction request, specifically comprising:

and carrying out hash calculation on the block hash value of the first block chain with the transaction information and the unique identity of the second block chain, and initiating a transaction request through the calculated hash value.

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