CN115764276A - Miniature broadband circularly polarized antenna based on hybrid embedded super-surface structure - Google Patents
Miniature broadband circularly polarized antenna based on hybrid embedded super-surface structure Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a micro broadband circularly polarized antenna based on a hybrid embedded super-surface structure, which comprises two laminated dielectric substrates; the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate is printed with a mixed embedded super-surface radiation structure consisting of four radiation units, and the upper surface and the lower surface of the second dielectric substrate are distributed and printed with a metal floor and a feed network; each radiation unit comprises a cross patch, four space positions of the cross patch and a rectangular patch arranged at the free end position of each patch branch, and adjacent radiation units share three rectangular patches. According to the invention, the edge capacitor is formed in the super-surface radiator through the gap formed by the cross-shaped patch and the rectangular patch to increase the equivalent capacitance of the radiator and reduce the resonance frequency, the current of the radiator under each mode is more concentrated, so that the radiation structure of the antenna is more compact, the size of the circularly polarized antenna is effectively reduced, the miniaturization is realized, and the super-surface radiator can be used for satellite and handheld communication systems.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electronics, relates to a miniature broadband circularly polarized antenna, and particularly relates to a miniature broadband circularly polarized antenna based on a hybrid embedded super-surface structure.
Background
Circularly Polarized (CP) antennas are commonly used in a variety of applications, including sensors, radio Frequency Identification (RFID), satellite communications, and radar systems, because they contribute significantly to mitigating multipath effects and polarization mismatch losses. Researchers have studied various CP antennas so far, such as dual-band shared aperture antennas, low-profile broadband antennas, high-efficiency compact antennas, high-gain antennas, wide-beam microstrip antennas, silicon solar cell integrated antennas, and the like. However, in the case of small satellites and user terminals, etc., a broadband CP antenna that is compact in size, light in weight, and high in gain is required at the same time because of the small space. Therefore, it is a great challenge to realize miniaturization of CP antennas while maintaining high gain and wide bandwidth.
In recent years, a super surface antenna (MTS) antenna has attracted much attention because of its advantages such as low profile, low loss, high gain, wide bandwidth, and the like. The super surface is an artificial layered material with the thickness smaller than the wavelength, and the super surface can be regarded as a two-dimensional corresponding structure of the super material. The super-surface antenna adopts the periodic patch unit, so that a wide bandwidth and good radiation characteristics can be obtained while a low profile is realized.
For example, in the published article "A Low-Profile Broadband Antenna Based on characteristics modeling Analysis", IEEE ANTENNAS AND Wireless Propagation LETTERS, VOL.20, NO.2, FEBRUARY2021 ", xi Gao et al, proposed a method Based on Characteristic modal Analysis, using thirteen square patches, each square having a side length of 8.7mm, arranged in a Patch array, to achieve a Circularly Polarized Low profile AND Broadband super-surface Antenna. The-10 dB impedance bandwidth of the antenna is 4.8-6.35 GHz, the relative bandwidth is 27.80%, the axial ratio bandwidth of 3dB is 4.9-6 GHz, and the relative bandwidth is 20.18%. However, under radiation of different modes, no current passes through part of the patches, which results in a decrease in the utilization rate of the radiation structure and further results in an oversize caliber of the radiation structure, which is 55mm x 55mm.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, provides a micro broadband circularly polarized antenna based on a hybrid embedded super-surface structure, and aims to realize the miniaturization of the circularly polarized antenna on the premise of keeping wider bandwidth and good radiation characteristics.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a micro broadband circularly polarized antenna based on a hybrid embedded super-surface structure comprises a square first dielectric substrate 1 and a square second dielectric substrate 2 which are stacked up and down; the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate 1 is printed with a super-surface radiator 3, the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate 2 is printed with a metal floor 4 with a cross coupling gap at the center, the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate is printed with a feed structure 5, the super-surface radiator 3 comprises four radiation units, each radiation unit comprises a cross patch, and the four spatial positions of the cross patch and the free end position of each patch branch are respectively provided with a rectangular patch; the four radiation units are rotationally symmetrical about the central normal of the first dielectric substrate 1, the adjacent radiation units have a 90-degree difference and share three rectangular patches, and the four radiation units form a hybrid embedded structure.
According to the micro broadband circularly polarized antenna based on the hybrid embedded super-surface structure, the super-surface radiator 3 and the cross patch of each radiating unit are formed by vertically crossing two microstrip lines, and the two microstrip lines are parallel to two diagonal lines of the first dielectric substrate 1 respectively.
The center of the cross coupling gap arranged at the center of the metal floor 4 is positioned on the central normal of the metal floor 4.
The feed structure 5 adopts a counterclockwise spiral structure formed by connecting five microstrip lines, the five microstrip lines comprise a microstrip line connected with the feed source, three sections of lambda/4 microstrip lines and an impedance matching microstrip line, a rectangular metal patch is loaded between the adjacent microstrip lines, and the microstrip line connected with the feed source is parallel to the impedance matching microstrip line, wherein lambda represents the central frequency wavelength.
The feed structure 5, the rectangular metal patch loaded between the adjacent microstrip lines, and the impedance matching microstrip lines are spatially crossed with the cross coupling slot arranged on the metal floor 4.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the upper surface of a first medium substrate is printed with a super-surface radiator consisting of four radiating units, each radiating unit comprises a cross-shaped patch, and a rectangular patch is respectively arranged at the four spatial positions of the cross-shaped patch and the free end position of each patch branch; the four radiation units are rotationally symmetrical about a central normal of the first dielectric substrate, the adjacent radiation units have a 90-degree difference and share three rectangular patches, the four radiation units form a mixed embedded structure, the edge capacitance is formed through a gap formed by the cross patch and the rectangular patches in the super-surface radiator to increase the equivalent capacitance of the radiator, the resonance frequency is reduced, the current of the radiator in each mode is more concentrated, the utilization rate of the radiation structure is improved, the structure of the circular polarization antenna is more compact, the size of the radiation structure caliber of the circular polarization antenna is effectively reduced, and experimental results show that compared with the prior art, the radiation structure has the caliber of 27.64mm × 27.64mm, and miniaturization is achieved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the hybrid embedded super-surface structure of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a radiation unit according to the present invention and an equivalent circuit thereof.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the feed structure of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating a far-field radiation pattern and a current of a characteristic mode analysis of a radiator according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a characteristic model analysis mode profile of the hybrid embedded hyper-surface body of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a diagram of return loss of simulation and physical measurement according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is an axial ratio chart of simulation and physical measurement according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and the specific embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention includes a square first dielectric substrate 1 and a square second dielectric substrate 2 stacked up and down.
The first dielectric substrate 1 and the second dielectric substrate 2 are made of FR4 materials, have relative dielectric constants of 4.4 and 0.002, have side lengths W of 27.64mm, have an upper dielectric substrate thickness of 4mm and have a lower dielectric substrate thickness of 1mm
The upper surface of the first dielectric substrate 1 is printed with a super-surface radiator 3, the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate 2 is printed with a metal floor 4 with a cross coupling gap at the center, the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate is printed with a feed structure 5, the super-surface radiator 3 comprises four radiation units, each radiation unit comprises a cross patch, and the four spatial positions of the cross patch and the free end position of each patch branch are respectively provided with a rectangular patch; the four radiation units are rotationally symmetrical about the central normal of the first dielectric substrate 1, the adjacent radiation units have a 90-degree difference and share three rectangular patches, and the four radiation units form a hybrid embedded structure. The common twelve rectangular metal patches are exactly combined into a vertically crossed cross shape, and are overlapped with the cross coupling gap on the metal floor in a spatial position so as to carry out coupling feeding.
The super-surface radiator 3 has a structure as shown in fig. 2, and includes four radiating elements, where the center-to-center distance of rectangular patches on the same diagonal line is d =26mm.
The structure of the radiation unit is shown in fig. 3 (a), each radiation unit comprises a cross patch, four spatial positions of the cross patch and the free end position of each patch branch are respectively provided with a rectangular patch, the cross patch is formed by vertically crossing two microstrip lines with the same size, the two microstrip lines are respectively parallel to two diagonal lines of the first medium substrate 1, the length of each microstrip line is w1=9mm, the width of each microstrip line is w2=3mm, and the side length of each square patch is p =2.2mm. Gaps between the cross patch and patches positioned at four spatial positions of the cross patch are g1, gaps between the cross patch and patches positioned at free ends of branches of the cross patch are g2, and g1 and g2 can be calculated through the parameters. As can be seen from the equivalent circuit diagram of FIG. 3 (b), a plurality of C are additionally introduced 1 And C 2 Is of the formula
Wherein C is 1 Refers to the gap capacitance introduced by the g1 gap and C 2 The gap capacitance introduced by the g2 gap, L the equivalent inductance formed by the radiation unit and the metal floor, L g The cross patch is self equivalent inductance. Therefore, the resonant frequency is reduced, the current of the surface radiator in each mode is more concentrated, the structure of the circular polarized antenna is more compact, the caliber of the radiation structure of the circular polarized antenna is effectively reduced, and the miniaturization can be realized.
The center of the cross coupling gap arranged at the center of the metal floor 4 is located on the center normal of the metal floor 4, the width of the cross coupling gap is ws =0.7mm, and the length of the cross coupling gap is ls =13mm.
The structure of the feed structure 5 is as shown in fig. 4, and a counterclockwise spiral structure formed by connecting five microstrip lines is adopted, the five microstrip lines include a microstrip line connected with the feed source, three sections of lambda/4 microstrip lines and an impedance matching microstrip line, a rectangular metal patch is loaded between the adjacent microstrip lines, and the microstrip line connected with the feed source is parallel to the impedance matching microstrip line, wherein lambda represents the central frequency wavelength. Rectangular metal patches loaded between adjacent microstrip lines and impedance matching microstrip lines are crossed in space in cross coupling gaps respectively arranged on the metal floor 4.
The technical effects of the invention are further described by combining simulation experiments as follows:
1. simulation experiment conditions and contents:
the hardware platform of the simulation experiment is as follows: the processor is an Intel i7 5930k CPU, the main frequency is 3.5GHz, the memory is 16GB, and the software platform is as follows: windows 10 operating system and CST STUDIO SUITE-19 and Ansys Electronic hfss 19.0.
2. And (3) simulation result analysis:
referring to fig. 5 and 6, simulation and results are shown in which a hybrid embedded super-surface radiation structure is established under CST software, a peripheral boundary is set as a periodic boundary, and a characteristic mode analysis is performed, as shown in fig. 5, which is a far-field mode and a mode circuit at 6GHz in this embodiment, where fig. 5 (a) corresponds to a mode J1 in fig. 6, fig. 5 (b) corresponds to a mode J2 in fig. 6, and fig. 5 (c) corresponds to a mode J3 in fig. 6. Fig. 5 (d) corresponds to the J4 mode in fig. 6. It can be seen that the modal current J1 is in phase across the entire super-surface and is polarized in the x-direction. For J2, which is the same as the current distribution of J1 except for the 90 ° phase difference, both modal currents J3 and J4 are self-symmetric around the x-axis and y-axis, and fig. 5 shows the far-field patterns of the first four modes. It can clearly be seen that J1 and J2 have the same far field pattern, but have orthogonal polarization states due to their orthogonal surface current distributions. For J3 and J4, their far field radiation pattern shows zero at the center position due to their dephase current distribution. In fig. 6, the abscissa indicates frequency, the ordinate indicates a mode characteristic, the closer to 1 the mode characteristic indicates that the mode is more easily obtained, and J1 and J2 have the same mode characteristic value, and thus, they are a pair of degenerate modes. Therefore, in order to obtain the circular polarization radiation characteristics, J1 and J2 need to be excited, J3 and J4 need not to be excited, and a circular polarization radiation feed structure which resonates within the bandwidth range of 5.7-6.75 GHz needs to be designed;
after software simulation, impedance matching is carried out on an antenna and a feed, the antenna is modeled and optimized in hfss19.0, after the antenna is modeled, in order to verify the effect of the antenna, the antenna obtained through modeling is automatically gridded by using the hfss19.0, and an agilent E8361A Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) is adopted to measure the specific parameters of the proposed miniaturized MTS antenna by adopting mode-driven solving, wherein as shown in figure 7, the 10dB impedance bandwidth is 29.7% (4.3-5.8 GHz), figure 8 shows that in the whole CP working frequency band, the bandwidth measured by 3dB ARBW (axial ratio bandwidth) is 21.4% (4.46-5.53 GHz), the bandwidth and the axial ratio bandwidth are both superior to the prior art, and meanwhile, the caliber of a radiation structure is only 27.64mm.
In summary, the micro broadband circularly polarized antenna adopting the hybrid embedded super-surface structure of the invention can realize miniaturization while maintaining the circularly polarized bandwidth.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, simplifications, combinations, or equivalents without departing from the spirit and principle of the present invention are all included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A micro broadband circularly polarized antenna based on a hybrid embedded super-surface structure comprises a square first dielectric substrate (1) and a square second dielectric substrate (2) which are stacked up and down; the antenna is characterized in that the super-surface radiator (3) comprises four radiation units, each radiation unit comprises a cross-shaped patch, and a rectangular patch is arranged at each of four spatial positions of the cross-shaped patch and a free end position of each patch branch; the four radiation units are rotationally symmetrical about a central normal of the first medium substrate (1), the adjacent radiation units have a 90-degree difference and share three rectangular patches, and the four radiation units form a hybrid embedded structure.
2. The micro broadband circular polarization antenna based on the hybrid embedded super-surface structure according to claim 1, wherein the super-surface radiator (3) is characterized in that the cross-shaped patch of each radiating element is formed by perpendicularly crossing two microstrip lines, and the two microstrip lines are respectively parallel to two diagonals of the first dielectric substrate (1).
3. The micro broadband circular polarization antenna based on the hybrid embedded super-surface structure is characterized in that the center of the metal floor (4) is located on the center normal of the metal floor (4).
4. The micro broadband circular polarization antenna based on the hybrid embedded super-surface structure is characterized in that the feed structure (5) adopts a counterclockwise spiral structure formed by connecting five microstrip lines, the five microstrip lines comprise a microstrip line connected with a feed source, three sections of lambda/4 microstrip lines and an impedance matching microstrip line, a rectangular metal patch is loaded between the adjacent microstrip lines, and the microstrip line connected with the feed source is parallel to the impedance matching microstrip line, wherein lambda represents the wavelength of a central frequency.
5. The micro broadband circularly polarized antenna based on the hybrid embedded super-surface structure according to claim 4, wherein the feed structure (5), the rectangular metal patch loaded between adjacent microstrip lines, and the impedance matching microstrip lines spatially cross each other through the cross coupling slot respectively disposed on the metal floor (4).
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116759815A (en) * | 2023-08-18 | 2023-09-15 | 上海英内物联网科技股份有限公司 | Circularly polarized ultrahigh frequency antenna unit and RFID reader-writer array antenna |
| CN116780210A (en) * | 2023-08-17 | 2023-09-19 | 南通至晟微电子技术有限公司 | Compact low mutual coupling patch antenna with wide wave beams |
| CN117175196A (en) * | 2023-03-16 | 2023-12-05 | 广州程星通信科技有限公司 | Common-caliber antenna array |
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2022
- 2022-11-23 CN CN202211472808.0A patent/CN115764276A/en active Pending
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117175196A (en) * | 2023-03-16 | 2023-12-05 | 广州程星通信科技有限公司 | Common-caliber antenna array |
| CN117175196B (en) * | 2023-03-16 | 2024-04-12 | 广州程星通信科技有限公司 | Common-caliber antenna array |
| CN116780210A (en) * | 2023-08-17 | 2023-09-19 | 南通至晟微电子技术有限公司 | Compact low mutual coupling patch antenna with wide wave beams |
| CN116780210B (en) * | 2023-08-17 | 2023-11-07 | 南通至晟微电子技术有限公司 | Compact low mutual coupling patch antenna with wide wave beams |
| CN116759815A (en) * | 2023-08-18 | 2023-09-15 | 上海英内物联网科技股份有限公司 | Circularly polarized ultrahigh frequency antenna unit and RFID reader-writer array antenna |
| CN116759815B (en) * | 2023-08-18 | 2023-10-24 | 上海英内物联网科技股份有限公司 | Circularly polarized ultrahigh frequency antenna unit and RFID reader-writer array antenna |
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