CN115764040A - Device and method for in-situ continuous separation of lithium battery anode powder and aluminum foil - Google Patents
Device and method for in-situ continuous separation of lithium battery anode powder and aluminum foil Download PDFInfo
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- CN115764040A CN115764040A CN202211583773.8A CN202211583773A CN115764040A CN 115764040 A CN115764040 A CN 115764040A CN 202211583773 A CN202211583773 A CN 202211583773A CN 115764040 A CN115764040 A CN 115764040A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for in-situ continuous separation of lithium battery anode powder and aluminum foil.A lead screw lifting device and a feeding device are arranged at the top of a reaction tank, the lower end of the lead screw lifting device extends into an inner cavity of the reaction tank, the lower end of the lead screw lifting device is rotatably connected with a screen plate, the outer edge of the screen plate extends to the inner wall of the reaction tank, and the side wall of the reaction tank is provided with a liquid inlet, a discharge outlet and a friction wheel for driving the screen plate to rotate; a microwave generating device and an ultrasonic generating device are arranged below the screen plate on the reaction tank, and a liquid outlet is arranged at the bottom of the reaction tank; the lower end of the screw rod lifting device is fixedly connected with a baffle above the screen plate, and the baffle is used for guiding materials on the screen plate into a discharge hole when the screen plate rotates; the bottom of the reaction tank is provided with a stirring device. The invention can complete the high-efficiency separation of the coating material of the positive plate and the aluminum foil of the current collector and simultaneously realize the complete recovery of the aluminum foil of the current collector, and has practical application value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of resource utilization of retired lithium ion batteries, and relates to waste lithium ion battery recovery, in particular to a device and a method for in-situ continuous separation of lithium battery anode powder and aluminum foil.
Background
In the components of the lithium ion battery, the production cost of the cathode material accounts for about 30%, and particularly under the condition that the price of the cathode raw material is increased sharply, the price of battery-grade lithium carbonate is increased by nearly 8 times in 2021-2022 years, and the recovery of the cathode material is particularly important. The resource recovery of the anode material of the waste lithium battery not only meets the requirement on the ecological cycle of the lithium ion battery, but also can relieve the pressure of the requirement on raw materials and bring considerable economic benefits.
The recovery methods proposed and put into use at present are mainly classified into two major categories, the pyrogenic process and the wet process. The pyrometallurgical recovery is the main lithium battery recovery method at present, the technology is mature, the industrial occupancy is high, but the pyrometallurgical recovery requires a high-temperature recovery operation environment, the characteristics of high energy consumption and high emission do not meet the requirements on energy conservation and emission reduction at present, the recovery efficiency of the pyrometallurgical recovery is not high, and the problems of separation and purification of the recovered products need to be solved. The wet recovery method is recently paid attention due to its high recovery efficiency, but the traditional inorganic acid leaching recovery method causes the problem of waste liquid treatment, and part of the leaching process is accompanied by the generation of toxic gas. However, with the current proposal of some green and harmless functional solvents, the functional solvent method for recycling the cathode material has a sufficient application prospect.
At present, the waste lithium ion batteries are mechanically crushed in the commercial recovery process, so that the positive active substances cannot be completely separated from the current collectors, and subsequent leaching, purification and recovery are influenced. And the current collector aluminum foil and copper foil in the battery electrode have higher production cost, and the complete recovery of the aluminum foil and the copper foil can effectively save the productivity of the lithium ion battery.
After the waste lithium ion battery is discharged, the copper foil and the graphite of the battery cathode can be completely separated after simple water soaking. While the aluminum foil and the positive active material of the positive electrode cannot be separated by a simple mechanical process.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention aims to provide a device and a method for continuously separating the positive electrode powder and the aluminum foil of the lithium battery in situ.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the device for continuously separating the lithium battery anode powder and the aluminum foil in situ comprises a reaction tank, wherein a lead screw lifting device and a feeding device are arranged at the top of the reaction tank, the lower end of the lead screw lifting device extends into an inner cavity of the reaction tank, the lower end of the lead screw lifting device is rotatably connected with a screen plate for containing anode sheets of a lithium battery, the outer edge of the screen plate extends to the inner wall of the reaction tank, the lead screw lifting device can drive the screen plate to move up and down in the reaction tank, the side wall of the reaction tank is provided with a liquid inlet, a discharge port and a friction wheel for driving the screen plate to rotate, and the friction wheel is in contact with the outer edge of the screen plate when the screen plate is level with the lower edge of the discharge port; a microwave generating device and an ultrasonic generating device are arranged below the screen plate on the reaction tank, and a liquid outlet is arranged at the bottom of the reaction tank; the lower end of the screw rod lifting device is fixedly connected with a baffle above the screen plate, the baffle is positioned right below the feeding device, the lower edge of the baffle is attached to the screen plate or a gap is reserved between the lower edge of the baffle and the screen plate, and the baffle is used for guiding materials on the screen plate into a discharge hole when the screen plate rotates; the bottom of the reaction tank is provided with a stirring device.
Preferably, the reaction tank includes the reaction tank body and can dismantle the reaction tank lid of being connected with reaction tank body top, and lead screw elevating gear and feed arrangement all set up on the reaction tank lid, and inlet, discharge gate, friction pulley, microwave generating device and supersound generating device all set up on the reaction tank body.
Preferably, the screw lifting device comprises a mounting frame, a screw sliding block, a screw, a screen bracket, a connecting rod and a bearing seat, the mounting frame is fixedly connected with the top of the reaction tank, two ends of the screw are respectively rotatably connected with the mounting frame and the top of the reaction tank, the screw sliding block is in fit connection with the screw, a guide rail matched with the screw sliding block is arranged on the mounting frame, and the guide rail is used for limiting the screw sliding block to rotate and providing a guide effect for the screw sliding block along the direction parallel to the axis of the screw;
the upper end and the lead screw slider fixed connection of connecting rod, the lower extreme of connecting rod stretch into in the retort, rotate through the bearing frame between the lower extreme of screen cloth bracket and connecting rod and be connected, and the screen cloth board is installed on the screen cloth bracket and can rotate along with the screen cloth bracket.
Preferably, the microwave generating devices are arranged on the side wall of the lower end of the reaction, and a plurality of microwave generating devices are uniformly distributed on the circumference of the reaction tank;
the bottom of the reaction tank is uniformly provided with a plurality of ultrasonic generating devices.
Preferably, the top of the reaction tank is provided with an infrared temperature sensor.
Preferably, the reaction tank adopts a cylindrical tank body, and the shape of the screen plate is circular; the baffle is arranged obliquely along the non-radial direction of the reaction tank.
The invention also provides a method for continuously separating the lithium battery anode powder and the aluminum foil in situ, which is carried out by adopting the device for continuously separating the lithium battery anode powder and the aluminum foil in situ, and comprises the following steps:
and 4, detecting the purity of the aluminum foil, discharging the mixed liquid in the reaction tank from a liquid outlet and carrying out solid-liquid separation when black layered objects are attached to the aluminum foil, drying and roasting the separated black powder to obtain anode active powder, carrying out regeneration cycle on the separated functional solvent or carrying out selective precipitation on the functional solvent, and recycling the precious metal after operation.
Preferably, the functional solvent is a eutectic functional solvent composed of potassium carbonate and ethylene glycol or a eutectic functional solvent composed of choline chloride and citric acid, wherein the molar ratio of potassium carbonate to ethylene glycol is 1.
Preferably, in the step 1, the heating temperature range of the functional solvent is 100-200 ℃, the leaching time is 30-120 minutes, and the mass ratio of the positive plate to the leached functional solvent is 1.
Preferably, the lithium battery comprises one or more of an LCO battery, an NCM battery and an LFP battery.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the device for continuously separating the lithium battery anode powder and the aluminum foil in situ can realize complete recovery of the current collector aluminum foil in the waste lithium battery anode and separation of the anode coating material, can realize efficient leaching of part of anode valuable metals, has low energy consumption for treatment, and does not generate toxic gas in the treatment process. The selective body heating mode of the microwave improves the heating efficiency, and the ultrasonic cavitation effect exerts a mechanical action on the stripping and leaching process of the positive active substance, so that the separation of the positive coating material and the current collector aluminum foil can be promoted, and the metal leaching speed is accelerated by the crushing of the positive coating material. The leaching functional solvent is a green degradable green functional solvent, and has low manufacturing cost and good leaching effect. The device provided by the invention is simple to operate and easy to process and install, and the input positive plate can respectively output the positive coating material and the complete current collector aluminum foil after being processed by the device.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an overall schematic view of an apparatus for continuously separating lithium battery positive electrode powder and aluminum foil in situ according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a sectional view of an apparatus for continuously separating lithium battery positive electrode powder and aluminum foil in situ according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a plan view of an apparatus for continuously separating lithium battery positive electrode powder and aluminum foil in situ according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a bottom view of the apparatus for continuously separating the lithium battery positive electrode powder and the aluminum foil in situ according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is an operation flow chart of the method for continuously separating the lithium battery anode powder and the aluminum foil in situ according to the invention.
In the figure: 1-coupler, 2-screw slider, 3-screw, 4-feeding device, 5-infrared temperature sensor, 6-reaction tank cover, 7-reaction tank body, 8-liquid inlet, 9-microwave generating device, 10-ultrasonic generating device, 11-guide rail, 12-bearing seat, 13-baffle, 14-sieve plate, 15-friction wheel, 16-discharge port, 17-sieve bracket, 18-stirring blade, 19-stirring motor, 20-liquid outlet and 21-connecting rod.
Detailed Description
In order to better explain the technical solution and the object of the present invention, the embodiments will be explained in full detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention is better explained and not limited herein.
It should be noted that in the description of the present invention, terms like "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "top", "bottom", etc. indicating orientation or position are used only for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description based on the orientation relationship shown in the drawings, and are not intended to limit a specific orientation or configuration of a certain device or an element.
At present, the positive electrode of the lithium ion battery is mainly in a sheet shape and consists of a current collector aluminum foil, a positive active material and a binder conductive agent. The recovery process flow of the anode material of the retired lithium battery mainly adopts mechanical crushing as a pretreatment means, and the subsequent operation flows of separation and purification and the like are complicated because the current collector and the anode active material cannot be completely stripped by the mechanical crushing means. In addition, the production cost of the current collector aluminum foil accounts for a small proportion in the manufacturing process of the lithium ion battery, and the high-efficiency recovery of the aluminum foil can effectively reduce the reproduction capacity of the lithium battery. In order to solve the problems, the invention discloses a device and a method for stripping and leaching a lithium battery anode material in situ. The invention realizes that the complete current collector aluminum foil and the positive electrode material metal leaching solution are respectively obtained after the positive electrode plate is processed.
As shown in fig. 1-4, in the apparatus for stripping and leaching the positive electrode material of a lithium battery in situ provided by the invention, an infrared temperature sensor 5, a feeding device 4 and a lead screw lifting device are arranged on a reaction tank cover 6. The screw lifting device comprises a coupler 1, a screw slider 2, a screw 3 and a guide rail 11. The rotary screen device is connected with the screw rod lifting device through the guide rail 11 and comprises a bearing seat 12, a screen plate 14, a friction wheel 15 and a screen bracket 17, wherein the bearing seat 12 is connected with the guide rail 11, the screen plate 14 is fixed on the screen bracket 17, the screen bracket 17 and the bearing seat 12 form a revolute pair, and the screen plate 14 is driven to rotate by the friction wheel 15. The reaction tank body 7 is provided with a liquid inlet 8, a baffle 13, a discharge port 16, a microwave generating device 9, an ultrasonic generating device 10, a liquid outlet 20 and a stirring device. The discharge device is a baffle 13 and a rotary screen device which are cooperated, as shown in figure 3, the screen rotates and moves relative to the baffle to output the aluminum foil on the screen plate from a discharge port 16. The stirring device comprises a stirring blade 18 and a stirring motor 19.
Specifically, referring to fig. 1-4, in the device for continuously separating lithium battery anode powder and aluminum foil in situ according to the present invention, a reaction tank adopts a cylindrical tank body, the reaction tank includes a reaction tank body 7 and a reaction tank cover 6 detachably connected to the top of the reaction tank body 7, an infrared temperature sensor 5, a lead screw lifting device and a feeding device 4 are disposed on the reaction tank cover 6, the lower end of the lead screw lifting device extends into an inner cavity of the reaction tank body 7, the lower end of the lead screw lifting device is rotatably connected with a screen plate 14 for containing an anode sheet of a lithium battery, the outer edge of the screen plate 14 extends to the inner wall of the reaction tank body 7 and can be slightly attached to or leave a gap, so as to ensure that the screen plate 14 normally rotates and does not drop the anode sheet of the lithium battery, the lead screw lifting device can drive the screen plate 14 to move up and down in a reaction, the side wall of the reaction tank body 7 is provided with a liquid inlet 8, a liquid outlet 16 and a friction wheel 15 for driving the screen plate 14 to rotate, and the friction wheel 15 is parallel to the outer edge of the screen plate 14, and the friction wheel 14 is in a certain pressing force when the screen plate 14 is in a state, the friction state of the friction wheel 14, the friction wheel 14 is parallel to the screen plate 14; a microwave generating device 9 and an ultrasonic generating device 10 are arranged below the screen plate 14 on the reaction tank, and a plurality of microwave generating devices 9 are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the reaction tank; the bottom of the reaction tank is uniformly provided with a plurality of ultrasonic generating devices 10. A liquid outlet 20 is arranged at the bottom of the reaction tank; the lower end of the screw rod lifting device is fixedly connected with a baffle 13 above a screen plate 14, the baffle 13 is positioned under the feeding device 4, the lower edge of the baffle 13 is attached to the screen plate 14 or a gap is reserved between the lower edge of the baffle 13 and the screen plate 14, and the baffle 13 is used for guiding materials on the screen plate 14 into a discharge port 16 when the screen plate 14 rotates; the bottom of the reaction tank is provided with a stirring device. Referring to fig. 3, the baffle 13 is disposed obliquely along the non-radial direction of the reaction tank, and taking fig. 3 as an example, when the screen plate 14 rotates counterclockwise, the baffle 13 can provide a component force to the material on the screen plate 14 in the direction of the discharge port 16, so that the material on the screen plate 14 can be discharged. Meanwhile, as shown in fig. 3, the electrode sheet falling from the feeding device 4 should fall on the upper left side of the baffle 13, and then the screen plate 14 rotates counterclockwise for a circle at a constant speed, so that the uniform distribution of the screen plate 14 is realized, and after the reaction is finished and the material needs to be discharged, the screen plate 14 continues to rotate counterclockwise, so that the material can be discharged. Another situation of the material distribution is that, referring to fig. 3, the electrode sheet falling from the feeding device 4 should fall on the lower right side of the baffle 13, and then the screen plate 14 rotates clockwise at a constant speed for a circle, so that the uniform material distribution of the screen plate 14 is realized, and when the material needs to be discharged after the reaction is completed, the screen plate 14 rotates counterclockwise, and the material discharge can be realized.
Referring to fig. 1-3, the screw lifting device includes an installation frame, a screw slider 2, a screw 3, a screen bracket 17, a connecting rod 21 and a bearing seat 12, the installation frame is fixedly connected with the top of the reaction tank, two ends of the screw 3 are respectively rotatably connected with the installation frame and the top of the reaction tank, the screw slider 2 is connected with the screw 3 in a matching manner, a guide rail 11 matched with the screw slider 2 is arranged on the installation frame, and the guide rail 11 is used for limiting the rotation of the screw slider 2 and providing a guiding effect for the screw slider 2 along a direction parallel to the axis of the screw 3; connecting rod 21's upper end and 2 fixed connection of lead screw slider, in connecting rod 21's lower extreme stretched into the retort, rotated through bearing frame 12 between screen cloth bracket 17 and connecting rod 21's the lower extreme and is connected, and screen cloth board 14 is installed on screen cloth bracket 17 and can be rotated along with screen cloth bracket 17. After the screw rod 3 is driven to rotate, the screw rod slide block 2 can only move up and down along the guide rail 11 due to the limitation of the guide rail 11 on the mounting frame, and at the moment, the screw rod slide block 2 can synchronously drive the screen bracket 17 and the screen plate 14 to move up and down together through the connecting rod 21, so that the contact or separation of the positive plate and liquid can be realized; the lower ends of the screen bracket 17 and the connecting rod 21 are rotatably connected through the bearing seat 12, so that the screen bracket 17 can rotate, when the friction wheel 15 drives the outer edge of the screen plate 14, the screen plate 14 can rotate together with the screen bracket 17 in the horizontal plane, and uniform distribution and discharge can be realized.
The reaction tank is used for storing the used functional solvent and is used as a microwave reflecting shell and an ultrasonic conduction medium. The number of the microwave generating devices is not less than two, the microwave generating devices are equally distributed around the circumference of the reaction tank body, and the infrared temperature sensors acquire temperature signals to feed back microwave heating control. The ultrasonic generating device consists of an ultrasonic frequency power supply and a transducer array, and the transducer array is arranged at the bottom of the reaction tank. The stirring device is arranged at the bottom of the reaction tank, the liquid inlet device is arranged on the reaction tank cover to input the functional solvent, and the liquid outlet device is arranged at the bottom of the reaction tank to output the functional solvent.
Referring to fig. 5, the method for stripping and leaching the device for leaching the positive electrode material of the lithium battery in situ provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: after the functional solvent is conveyed into the reaction tank body through the liquid inlet device, the ultrasonic generating device and the microwave generating device are opened, so that the functional solvent in the reaction tank body is heated to 100-200 ℃ under the action of microwaves. Specifically, the functional solvent in the first step of the method for recovering the lithium ion battery cathode material by using the functional solvent method is a green degradable eutectic functional solvent, and the eutectic functional solvent consisting of potassium carbonate and ethylene glycol in a molar ratio of 1. Both can be stirred at 50-70 deg.C for 15-60 min.
Step two: the method comprises the steps of mechanically pre-deforming and drying the anode plate obtained by disassembling the waste lithium ion battery to improve stripping efficiency, shearing the anode plate into a certain size, feeding the anode plate into a reaction tank through a liquid inlet, and meanwhile rotating a screen to uniformly distribute the anode plate.
Step three: the rotary screen is driven to descend to a distance below the liquid level of the functional solvent through the lead screw slide block, after the stirring device is opened, the positive coating material and the current collector aluminum foil are separated under the action of ultrasonic waves, the stripped positive coating material is refined under the action of the ultrasonic waves, flows out through the pores of the screen and is partially dissolved in the functional solvent, and the current collector aluminum foil is left on the screen. And then the screen is lifted to the plane of the discharge port, the aluminum foil can be output from the discharge port by rotating the screen and the baffle, and the aluminum foil is obtained after washing and drying. The leaching time is controlled to be 30-120 minutes, and the mass ratio of the positive plate to the leaching functional solvent is 1.
Step four: and detecting the purity of the aluminum foil at the discharge port, discharging a mixed solution of the functional solvent and the black powder from a liquid outlet at the bottom when an obvious black layered object is attached to the aluminum foil, carrying out solid-liquid separation, drying and crushing the black powder to obtain anode active powder, and carrying out regeneration cycle on the functional solvent or carrying out selective precipitation on the functional solvent to recover precious metals for regeneration cycle use after operation.
The technical scheme of the invention is suitable for processing the anode materials of the waste lithium ion batteries, including lithium cobaltate, ternary lithium and lithium iron phosphate.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 5, the specific operation steps are as follows:
in the first step of preparing the functional solvent, choline chloride and citric acid are mixed according to a molar ratio of 2:1, and deionized water with the mass fraction of 30% is added. The mixture was stirred at 70 ℃ for 30 minutes until it was colorless and transparent, and then 40kg of the mixture was charged into the reaction vessel through the inlet port 8. And opening a microwave heating and ultrasonic generation switch to ensure that the functional solvent is strengthened and synthesized by ultrasonic action in the process of heating to 150 ℃.
And step two, processing a positive plate, namely mechanically pre-deforming and shearing the lithium cobaltate battery positive plate obtained by disassembling, and sending the lithium cobaltate battery positive plate into a reaction through a feeding device 4. The positive plate size was 5 x 5cm, 2kg was charged. And opening the stirring device under the action of microwaves and ultrasonic waves, submerging the descending screen plate below the liquid level of the functional solvent, and preserving heat at the temperature of 150 ℃.
And thirdly, keeping the temperature for 0.5 hour, and closing the microwave heating device and the ultrasonic generating device. After the screen plate is lifted to the plane of the discharge port, the aluminum foil is discharged through the rotary screen. And then discharging the liquid in the reaction tank body from a liquid outlet 20, filtering and collecting the obtained anode material leachate, adding a certain amount of oxalic acid to obtain cobalt oxalate precipitate, adding a small amount of lithium hydroxide to adjust the pH value of the solution, and then introducing carbon dioxide to precipitate to obtain lithium carbonate. The residual filtrate is concentrated and then new functional solvent is supplemented, and the residual filtrate can be sent into the reaction tank body again for continuous use.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 5, the specific operation steps are as follows:
in the first step, a functional solvent is prepared by mixing potassium carbonate and ethylene glycol in a molar ratio of 2:7. The mixture was stirred at 70 ℃ for 30 minutes until colorless and transparent, and then 50kg of the mixture was charged into the reaction vessel through the inlet. And opening a microwave heating and ultrasonic generation switch to ensure that the functional solvent is strengthened and synthesized by ultrasonic action in the process of heating to 120 ℃.
And step two, processing the positive plate, namely mechanically pre-deforming and shearing the disassembled positive plate of the ternary lithium battery, and conveying the positive plate into a reaction by a feeding device. The size of the positive plate is 5 x 5cm, and 1kg of the positive plate is fed. And opening the stirring device under the action of microwaves and ultrasonic waves, submerging the descending screen plate below the liquid level of the functional solvent, and preserving heat at 120 ℃.
And thirdly, keeping the temperature for 2 hours, and closing the microwave heating device and the ultrasonic generating device. After the screen plate is lifted to the plane of the discharge port, the aluminum foil is discharged through the rotary screen. And then discharging the liquid in the reaction tank body through a liquid outlet device, filtering and collecting the obtained positive electrode material leaching liquid, adding a certain amount of oxalic acid to obtain cobalt oxalate precipitate, adding a small amount of lithium hydroxide to adjust the pH value of the solution, and then introducing carbon dioxide to precipitate to obtain lithium carbonate. The residual filtrate is concentrated and then new functional solvent is supplemented, and the residual filtrate can be sent into the reaction tank body again for continuous use.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 5, the specific operation steps are as follows:
in the first step of preparing the functional solvent, choline chloride and formic acid are mixed according to a molar ratio of 1:1, and deionized water with the mass fraction of 30% is added. The mixture was stirred at 70 ℃ for 30 minutes until it was colorless and transparent, and then added to 40kg of the reaction vessel through the inlet. And opening a microwave heating and ultrasonic generation switch to ensure that the functional solvent is strengthened and synthesized by ultrasonic action in the process of heating to 100 ℃.
And step two, processing a positive plate, namely mechanically pre-deforming and shearing the lithium cobaltate battery positive plate obtained by disassembling, and sending the lithium cobaltate battery positive plate into a reaction through a feeding device. The size of the positive plate is 5 x 5cm, and 1kg of the positive plate is fed. The stirring device is opened under the action of microwave and ultrasonic wave, and the descending sieve plate is submerged below the liquid level of the functional solvent and is insulated at 100 ℃.
And thirdly, keeping the temperature for 1 hour, and closing the microwave heating device and the ultrasonic generating device. After the screen plate is lifted to the plane of the discharge port, the aluminum foil is discharged through the rotary screen. And then discharging the liquid in the reaction tank body through a liquid outlet device, filtering and collecting the obtained positive electrode material leaching liquid, adding a certain amount of oxalic acid to obtain cobalt oxalate precipitate, adding a small amount of lithium hydroxide to adjust the pH value of the solution, and then introducing carbon dioxide to precipitate to obtain lithium carbonate. The residual filtrate is concentrated and then new functional solvent is supplemented, and the residual filtrate can be sent into the reaction tank body again for continuous use.
Claims (10)
1. The device for in-situ continuous separation of the lithium battery anode powder and the aluminum foil is characterized by comprising a reaction tank, wherein a lead screw lifting device and a feeding device (4) are arranged at the top of the reaction tank, the lower end of the lead screw lifting device extends into an inner cavity of the reaction tank, the lower end of the lead screw lifting device is rotatably connected with a screen plate (14) used for containing the lithium battery anode plate, the outer edge of the screen plate (14) extends to the inner wall of the reaction tank, the lead screw lifting device can drive the screen plate (14) to move up and down in the reaction tank, a liquid inlet (8), a discharge port (16) and a friction wheel (15) used for driving the screen plate (14) to rotate are arranged on the side wall of the reaction tank, and when the lower edges of the screen plate (14) and the discharge port (16) are aligned, the friction wheel (15) is in a contact state with the outer edge of the screen plate (14); a microwave generating device (9) and an ultrasonic generating device (10) are arranged below the screen plate (14) on the reaction tank, and a liquid outlet (20) is arranged at the bottom of the reaction tank; the lower end of the screw rod lifting device is fixedly connected with a baffle (13) above the screen plate (14), the baffle (13) is positioned under the feeding device (4), the lower edge of the baffle (13) is attached to the screen plate (14) or a gap is reserved between the lower edge of the baffle (13) and the screen plate (14), and the baffle (13) is used for guiding materials on the screen plate (14) into a discharge hole (16) when the screen plate (14) rotates; the bottom of the reaction tank is provided with a stirring device.
2. The device for continuously separating the lithium battery anode powder and the aluminum foil in situ according to claim 1, wherein the reaction tank comprises a reaction tank body (7) and a reaction tank cover (6) detachably connected with the top of the reaction tank body (7), the screw lifting device and the feeding device (4) are arranged on the reaction tank cover (6), and the liquid inlet (8), the discharge hole (16), the friction wheel (15), the microwave generating device (9) and the ultrasonic generating device (10) are arranged on the reaction tank body (7).
3. The device for in-situ continuous separation of lithium battery anode powder and aluminum foil according to claim 1, wherein the lead screw lifting device comprises a mounting frame, a lead screw slider (2), a lead screw (3), a screen bracket (17), a connecting rod (21) and a bearing seat (12), the mounting frame is fixedly connected with the top of the reaction tank, two ends of the lead screw (3) are respectively rotatably connected with the mounting frame and the top of the reaction tank, the lead screw slider (2) is in fit connection with the lead screw (3), a guide rail (11) matched with the lead screw slider (2) is arranged on the mounting frame, and the guide rail (11) is used for limiting the rotation of the lead screw slider (2) and providing a guiding effect for the lead screw slider (2) along a direction parallel to the axis of the lead screw (3);
the upper end and the lead screw slider (2) fixed connection of connecting rod (21), in the lower extreme of connecting rod (21) stretched into the retort, rotated through bearing frame (12) between the lower extreme of screen cloth bracket (17) and connecting rod (21) and was connected, screen cloth board (14) are installed on screen cloth bracket (17) and can be rotated along with screen cloth bracket (17).
4. The apparatus for in-situ continuous separation of lithium battery cathode powder and aluminum foil according to claim 1, wherein the microwave generating devices (9) are installed on the side wall of the lower end of the reaction, and a plurality of microwave generating devices (9) are uniformly distributed around the reaction tank;
the bottom of the reaction tank is uniformly provided with a plurality of ultrasonic generating devices (10).
5. The apparatus for in-situ continuous separation of lithium battery positive electrode powder and aluminum foil according to claim 1, wherein an infrared temperature sensor is provided at the top of the reaction tank.
6. The apparatus for in-situ continuous separation of lithium battery cathode powder and aluminum foil according to claim 1, wherein the reaction tank is a cylindrical tank body, and the shape of the screen plate (14) is circular; the baffle (13) is arranged obliquely along the non-radial direction of the reaction tank.
7. The method for continuously separating the lithium battery anode powder and the aluminum foil in situ is characterized by being carried out by adopting the device for continuously separating the lithium battery anode powder and the aluminum foil in situ as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, and comprising the following steps of:
step 1, conveying a functional solvent into a reaction tank through a liquid inlet (8), opening a microwave generating device (9) and an ultrasonic generating device (10), and heating the functional solvent to a preset temperature;
step 2, pre-deforming and drying the positive plate obtained by disassembling the waste lithium ion battery, shearing the positive plate into pieces, then sending the pieces into a reaction tank by a feeding device (4), driving a screen plate (14) to rotate for a circle at a constant speed by a friction wheel (15), and then finishing feeding;
step 3, lowering the screen plate (14) to a position below the liquid level of the functional solvent through the screw lifting device, opening the stirring device, enabling the positive plate to peel off a current collector aluminum foil and a positive coating material in the reaction tank, refining the positive coating material under the action of ultrasound and enabling the refined positive coating material to flow out through the pores of the screen, lifting the screen plate (14) to a position flush with the lower edge of the discharge port (16) through the screw lifting device, then driving the screen plate (14) to rotate through a friction wheel (15), guiding the material on the screen plate (14) into the discharge port (16) through a baffle (13) and sending the material out through the discharge port (16) in the rotation process of the screen plate (14), and washing and drying the material sent out through the discharge port (16) to obtain a complete aluminum foil;
and 4, detecting the purity of the aluminum foil, discharging the mixed liquid in the reaction tank from a liquid outlet (20) when a black layered object is attached to the aluminum foil, carrying out solid-liquid separation, drying and roasting the separated black powder to obtain positive active powder, carrying out regeneration cycle on the separated functional solvent or carrying out selective precipitation on the functional solvent, and recycling the precious metal after operation.
8. The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the functional solvent is a eutectic functional solvent consisting of potassium carbonate and ethylene glycol or a eutectic functional solvent consisting of choline chloride and citric acid, wherein the molar ratio of potassium carbonate to ethylene glycol is 1.
9. The method for continuously separating the lithium battery cathode powder from the aluminum foil in situ according to claim 8, wherein in the step 1, the heating temperature of the functional solvent is in the range of 100-200 ℃, the leaching time is 30-120 minutes, and the mass ratio of the cathode sheet to the leached functional solvent is 1.
10. The method for continuously separating lithium battery cathode powder and aluminum foil in situ according to claim 8, wherein the lithium battery comprises one or more of an LCO battery, an NCM battery and an LFP battery.
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| CN202211583773.8A CN115764040A (en) | 2022-12-09 | 2022-12-09 | Device and method for in-situ continuous separation of lithium battery anode powder and aluminum foil |
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