CN115755465A - Polarized light-emitting unit, light-emitting substrate, backlight module, display device and equipment - Google Patents
Polarized light-emitting unit, light-emitting substrate, backlight module, display device and equipment Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The embodiment of the disclosure provides a polarized light-emitting unit, a light-emitting substrate, a backlight module, a liquid crystal display device and VR display equipment, and belongs to the technical field of display. The polarized light emitting unit includes a light emitting unit, a quarter wave plate, and a polarized reflective layer. Wherein, the light-emitting unit is provided with a light-emitting surface; the quarter-wave plate is arranged on one side of the light-emitting surface of the light-emitting unit; the polarization reflecting layer is arranged on one side of the quarter-wave plate, which is far away from the light emergent surface. The liquid crystal display device based on the polarized light emitting unit has higher light efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The disclosure relates to the technical field of display, in particular to a polarized light emitting unit, a light emitting substrate, a backlight module, a liquid crystal display device and VR display equipment.
Background
LED (inorganic light emitting diode) backlight modules are increasingly used in liquid crystal display devices. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a current LCD device; referring to fig. 1, the lcd device includes a liquid crystal display module LCM and a backlight module BLU in a stacked and coupled arrangement. The backlight module BLU includes a lamp panel LBP and optical films, which are stacked, and the optical films generally include, but are not limited to, an optical filter FilterA, a multi-layer diffuser (e.g., a first diffuser diffuisera and a second diffuser diffuiserb), a color conversion sheet TRF (e.g., a fluorescent sheet or a quantum dot sheet), and a multi-layer brightness enhancement sheet (e.g., a first brightness enhancement sheet BEF1 and a second brightness enhancement sheet BEF 2). The natural light (unpolarized light) emitted by the lamp panel LBP is subjected to light filtering, diffusion light mixing, color conversion, beam focusing and brightening by the optical film material, and then irradiates the liquid crystal display module LCM in an unpolarized state. The liquid crystal display module LCM includes a first polarizer POLA, a liquid crystal display panel PNL, and a second polarizer POLB, which are stacked, so as to display a picture by using the non-polarized backlight provided by the backlight module BLU.
It is necessary to further increase the light transmittance of the liquid crystal display device in order to improve the display luminance or reduce the power consumption.
It is to be noted that the information disclosed in the above background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the background of the present disclosure, and thus may include information that does not constitute prior art known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The present disclosure aims to overcome the above deficiencies of the prior art, and provide a polarized light emitting unit, a light emitting substrate, a backlight module, a liquid crystal display device and a VR display apparatus, which improve the light transmittance of the liquid crystal display device.
According to a first aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a polarized light emitting unit comprising:
a light emitting unit having a light emitting surface;
the quarter wave plate is arranged on one side of the light-emitting surface of the light-emitting unit;
and the polarization reflecting layer is arranged on one side of the quarter-wave plate, which is far away from the light-emitting surface.
According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the polarizing reflective layer is a wire grid polarizer.
According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the wire grid polarizer has a transmittance of not less than 90% for linearly polarized light perpendicular to the direction of the wire grid.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the wire grid polarizer has a reflectance of not less than 80% with respect to linearly polarized light parallel to a direction of the wire grid.
According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the wire grid polarizer has a wire grid height between 40 and 220 nm; the period of the wire grid polarizer is between 30 and 100 nm; the duty ratio of the wire grid polarizer is between 10% and 60%.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the quarter wave plate is disposed on a light emitting surface of the light emitting unit, and the polarization reflection layer is disposed on a surface of the quarter wave plate away from the light emitting unit.
According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the quarter wave plate is connected to the light emitting surface of the light emitting unit through an optical adhesive; the polarization reflecting layer is connected with the surface, far away from the light emitting unit, of the quarter-wave plate through optical cement.
According to a second aspect of the present disclosure, a light emitting substrate is provided, which includes the above polarized light emitting unit.
According to a third aspect of the present disclosure, a backlight module is provided, which includes the above-mentioned light-emitting substrate.
According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the backlight module further includes a brightness enhancement sheet located on the light-emitting side of the light-emitting substrate.
According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the distance between the light emitting substrate and the brightness enhancement sheet is 2 to 8 mm; a medium without birefraction characteristics is arranged between the light-emitting substrate and the brightness enhancement sheet.
According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, at least one of a diffusion sheet, a color conversion sheet, and an optical filter is not disposed between the light-emitting substrate and the brightness enhancement sheet.
According to a fourth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a backlight module, comprising:
a light emitting substrate having a plurality of light emitting cells;
the quarter-wave plate is arranged on the light emitting side of the light emitting substrate and covers each light emitting unit;
and the polarization reflecting layer is arranged on one side of the quarter-wave plate, which is far away from the light-emitting substrate.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the backlight module further includes a brightness enhancement sheet located on a side of the polarization reflection layer away from the light-emitting substrate.
According to a fifth aspect of the present disclosure, a liquid crystal display device is provided, which includes the backlight module and a liquid crystal display module cooperating with the backlight module.
According to a sixth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a VR display apparatus comprising the liquid crystal display device described above.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the disclosure.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present disclosure and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the disclosure. It is to be understood that the drawings in the following description are merely exemplary of the disclosure, and that other drawings may be derived from those drawings by one of ordinary skill in the art without the exercise of inventive faculty.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a liquid crystal display device in the related art.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a liquid crystal display device according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a backlight module according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a polarized light emitting unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a polarized light emitting unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a polarized light emitting unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a polarized light emitting unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a backlight module according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
Fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a backlight module according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a backlight module according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
Fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a backlight module according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
Fig. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a backlight module according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
Fig. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a backlight module according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
Fig. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of a backlight module according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
Fig. 15 is a schematic structural diagram of a VR display device in an embodiment of the disclosure.
Fig. 16-1 is a graph of the wire grid height of a wire grid polarizer versus the absorption of natural light.
Fig. 16-2 is a graph of wire grid height versus transmission of natural light for a wire grid polarizer.
Fig. 16-3 are graphs of wire grid height versus degree of polarization of transmitted light for wire grid polarizers.
Detailed Description
Example embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Example embodiments may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the concept of example embodiments to those skilled in the art. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote the same or similar structures, and thus their detailed description will be omitted. Furthermore, the drawings are merely schematic illustrations of the present disclosure and are not necessarily drawn to scale.
Although relative terms, such as "upper" and "lower," may be used in this specification to describe one element of an icon relative to another, these terms are used in this specification for convenience only, e.g., in accordance with the orientation of the examples described in the figures. It will be appreciated that if the device of the icon were turned upside down, the element described as "upper" would become the element "lower". When a structure is "on" another structure, it may mean that the structure is integrally formed with the other structure, or that the structure is "directly" disposed on the other structure, or that the structure is "indirectly" disposed on the other structure via another structure.
The terms "a," "an," "the," "said," and "at least one" are used to indicate the presence of one or more elements/components/parts/etc.; the terms "comprising" and "having" are intended to be inclusive and mean that there may be additional elements/components/etc. other than the listed elements/components/etc.; the terms "first," "second," and "third," etc. are used merely as labels, and are not limiting on the number of their objects.
In the related art, the light-emitting rate of the backlight unit BLU is only about 65% due to the light absorption of each optical film material of the backlight unit BLU. The liquid crystal display module LCM needs to convert the non-polarized backlight into linearly polarized light by the first polarizer POLA and provide the linearly polarized light to the liquid crystal display panel PNL, which in turn causes at least 50% of the backlight to be lost. In order to further improve the light efficiency of the liquid crystal display device, a multilayer reflective Polarizer may be used instead of the first Polarizer POLA, for example, an APF Polarizer (Advanced Polarizer Film) may be used instead of the first Polarizer POLA. Thus, the light incident on the liquid crystal display panel PNL reaches 52% of the light emitted from the backlight unit BLU. Even in this case, the luminous efficiency from the light emitting substrate LBP to the liquid crystal display panel PNL can only reach 65% by 52% =34%, and there is a room for further improvement.
In the embodiments of the present disclosure, a liquid crystal display device, and a backlight module BLU and a light emitting substrate LBP used in the liquid crystal display device are provided, which can further improve the light efficiency from the light emitting substrate LBP to the liquid crystal display panel PNL.
Referring to fig. 2, the lcd device includes a backlight unit BLU and a lcd unit LCM that are stacked and coupled. The backlight emitted by the backlight module BLU is linearly polarized light rather than unpolarized light. The polarization direction (transmission direction) of the first polarizer POLA of the liquid crystal display module LCM is parallel to the polarization direction of the light emitted from the backlight module BLU. Thus, the linearly polarized backlight emitted from the backlight unit BLU can pass through the first polarizer POLA almost without loss. In this embodiment, it is not necessary to use a multilayer reflective polarizer instead of the first polarizer POLA, and thus the cost of the liquid crystal display device may be reduced. Moreover, the light efficiency of linearly polarized light emitted by the backlight module BLU can be further improved by optimizing the backlight module BLU, and the light efficiency of the liquid crystal display device is directly improved.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating an optimized structure of a backlight module BLU according to some embodiments of the disclosure. Referring to fig. 3, the backlight module BLU includes a light emitting substrate LBP including a driving back plate DBP and polarized light emitting units PLD arranged in an array at one side of the driving back plate DBP; the polarized light emitting units PLD emit light under the driving of the driving back plate DBP, and light emitted by each polarized light emitting unit PLD is linearly polarized light.
In one embodiment of the present disclosure, referring to fig. 4, each polarized light emitting unit PLD includes a light emitting unit LD, and a quarter wave plate QWP and a polarization reflection layer FA sequentially stacked and disposed on a light emitting surface side of the light emitting unit LD. The polarizing reflective layer FA can transmit polarized light and reflect light that cannot be transmitted, but does not absorb the light completely. The transmitted light is linearly polarized light, the reflected light is also linearly polarized light, and the polarization direction of the transmitted light is opposite to that of the reflected light. Thus, when unpolarized light (natural light) emitted from the light-emitting unit LD is irradiated onto the polarization reflective layer FA, light rays parallel to the transmission direction of the polarization reflective layer FA or polarization components of the light rays are transmitted, and light rays perpendicular to the transmission direction of the polarization reflective layer FA or polarization components of the light rays are reflected. The reflected linearly polarized light is converted into circularly polarized light (or elliptically polarized light) after passing through the quarter-wave plate QWP, and is reflected by the light emitting unit LD, and then is transmitted through the quarter-wave plate QWP again, and further converted into linearly polarized light parallel to the polarization direction of the polarization reflection layer FA, so as to be emitted from the polarization reflection layer FA. Therefore, in the polarized light emitting unit PLD of this embodiment, except for the absorbed light, other light can substantially exit from the polarization reflection layer FA and be linearly polarized, which makes the light efficiency of the linearly polarized light provided by the polarized light emitting unit PLD exceed 50%, for example, reach more than 80%. In other words, far more than 50% of the light emitted by the light-emitting unit LD can be emitted in the linearly polarized state, for example, more than 80% of the light can be emitted and the emitted light can be in the linearly polarized state. This makes the backlight module BLU of the present disclosure can provide linearly polarized light with high luminous efficiency to serve as backlight, thereby improving the utilization efficiency of the liquid crystal display panel PNL for the light emitted by the light emitting unit LD.
As an example, referring to fig. 5, the polarizing reflective layer FA may be a wire grid polarizer WGP. The wire grid polarizer WGP has a wire grid GR arranged periodically. The wire grid polarizer WGP can transmit linearly polarized light perpendicular to the wire grid direction (the longitudinal direction of the wire grid GR) and reflect linearly polarized light parallel to the wire grid direction. Referring to fig. 6, left and right arrows indicate linearly polarized light perpendicular to the direction of the wire grid,
representing linearly polarized light parallel to the wire grid direction. Unpolarized light emitted from the light-emitting unit LD passes through the quarter wave plate QWP and is irradiated to the wire grid polarizer WGP. Of these natural lights, a light ray or a polarization component of a light ray perpendicular to the wire grid direction of the wire grid polarizer WGP may be transmitted from the wire grid polarizer WGP; light rays, or polarization components of light rays, that are parallel to the wire grid direction of the wire grid polarizer WGP may be reflected by the wire grid polarizer WGP. The linearly polarized light reflected by the wire grid polarizer WGP is converted into circularly polarized light (or elliptically polarized light) after passing through the quarter-wave plate QWP, the circularly polarized light (or elliptically polarized light) is converted into linearly polarized light perpendicular to the wire grid direction after being reflected by the light emitting unit LD (for example, after being reflected by a metal structure inside or outside the light emitting unit LD), and the linearly polarized light can be emitted through the wire grid polarizer WGP. In the example of FIG. 6, the WGP reflection is by a wire grid polarizerThe linearly polarized light of (2) is converted into left circularly polarized light after passing through the quarter-wave plate QWP for the first time, and the left circularly polarized light is converted into right linearly polarized light after being reflected by the light-emitting unit LD. It is understood that the rotation direction of the circularly polarized light in fig. 6 is merely an exemplary illustration, and in other embodiments of the present disclosure, the rotation direction may be reversed.
In this example, the transmittance of the wire grid polarizer WGP for linearly polarized light (the polarization direction is perpendicular to the wire grid direction), the reflectance for linearly polarized light (the polarization direction is parallel to the wire grid direction), the absorptance for light, and the like may be adjusted by adjusting the structural parameters of the wire grid polarizer WGP, such as the height H of the wire grid, the wire grid period (Pitch) P, and the wire grid duty ratio (the ratio of the width of the wire grid GR to the wire grid period), and the like, thereby adjusting the light efficiency of the outgoing linearly polarized light. Generally, the smaller the wire grid height H and the smaller the duty ratio of the wire grid polarizer WGP, the smaller the absorption rate of the wire grid polarizer WGP to light, the higher the light utilization rate, and the higher the light efficiency of the linearly polarized light finally emitted.
In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the wire grid period of the wire grid polarizer WGP is between 30-100 nm and the wire grid height of the wire grid polarizer WGP is between 40-220 nm.
In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the duty cycle of the wire grid polarizer WGP is between 10% and 60%.
In one embodiment of the disclosure, the transmission rate of the wire grid polarizer WGP to linearly polarized light perpendicular to the wire grid direction may be no less than 90% by adjusting the structural parameters of the wire grid polarizer WGP.
In one embodiment of the disclosure, the structural parameters of the wire grid polarizer WGP may be adjusted such that the reflectivity of the wire grid polarizer WGP to linearly polarized light parallel to the direction of the wire grid is not less than 80%.
Fig. 16-1 illustrates an absorption rate of light (natural light) by a wire grid polarizer WGP having a wire grid period of 60nm and a wire grid duty ratio of 40% as a graph with respect to a wire grid height H. As can be seen from fig. 16-1, in the test range, the larger the height of the wire grid polarizer WGP is, the higher the absorption rate of the wire grid polarizer WGP to light is, the larger the light loss is, and the lower the light extraction efficiency is.
Fig. 16-2 illustrates a graph of transmittance of light (natural light) by a wire grid polarizer WGP with a wire grid period of 60nm and a wire grid duty ratio of 40% versus a wire grid height H. As can be seen from fig. 16-2, in the test range, the larger the height of the wire grid polarizer WGP is, the smaller the transmittance of the wire grid polarizer WGP to light is, the larger the light loss is, and the lower the light-emitting efficiency is.
Fig. 16-3 illustrates a graph of the degree of polarization of transmitted light of a wire grid polarizer WGP with a wire grid period of 60nm and a wire grid duty ratio of 40% versus the wire grid height H. As can be seen from fig. 16-3, the output light of the wire grid polarizer WGP has a high degree of polarization in the test range, for example, the degree of polarization reaches 99.7% when the wire grid height H is 80nm, and the degree of polarization reaches substantially 100% when the wire grid height H is 100-220 nm.
As can be seen from the graphs of the relationships between the absorption rate, the transmittance, and the polarization degree and the wire grid height illustrated in fig. 16-1, 16-2, and 16-3, the wire grid polarizer WGP can fully satisfy the performance requirements of the wire grid polarizer WGP according to the embodiments of the present disclosure when the wire grid height H of the wire grid polarizer WGP is 80nm, the wire grid period P of the wire grid polarizer WGP is 60nm, and the wire grid duty ratio is 40%. In this case, the wire grid polarizer WGP has a transmittance of about 94% for polarized light perpendicular to the wire grid direction, a reflectance of about 84% for polarized light parallel to the wire grid direction, and a polarization degree of outgoing linearly polarized light of 99.7%.
It is to be understood that the above-described structural parameters of the wire grid polarizer WGP (wire grid height H of 80nm, wire grid period P of 60nm, wire grid duty cycle of 40%) are merely structural parameters of an exemplary wire grid polarizer WGP of the present disclosure. Other structural parameters of the wire grid polarizer WGP may be used, as desired and as a process.
In the above examples, the structure, principle and effect of the polarized light emitting unit PLD provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure are exemplarily described by taking the polarizing reflective layer FA as the wire grid polarizer WGP as an example. It is understood that other types of polarizing reflective layers may be employed in other embodiments of the present disclosure.
In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the quarter wave plate QWP may be prepared using a surface super structure (metasur face) structure, and may also be prepared using Cyclic Olefin Polymer (COP) or Polycarbonate (PC). Of course, the quarter-wave plate QWP may be made of other materials.
In one embodiment of the present disclosure, referring to fig. 4, the quarter wave plate QWP may be directly formed on the light emitting surface of the light emitting unit LD. In another embodiment, referring to fig. 7, the quarter-wave plate QWP may be connected to the light emitting surface of the light emitting unit LD through the first optical adhesive layer OCA. Of course, the quarter-wave plate QWP may also be stacked and fixed with the light emitting unit LD in other manners, such as by using a frame sealing adhesive, a frame, bonding, or other manners.
In one embodiment of the present disclosure, referring to fig. 4, the polarization reflection layer FA may be directly formed on the surface of the quarter wave plate QWP away from the light emitting unit LD. In another embodiment, referring to fig. 7, the polarization reflective layer FA may be connected to a surface of the quarter-wave plate QWP away from the light emitting unit LD through the second optical adhesive layer OCB. Of course, the polarization reflective layer FA may also be stacked and fixed with the quarter-wave plate QWP in other manners, such as by using a frame sealing adhesive, a frame, bonding, or other manners.
In one example, referring to fig. 7, the quarter wave plate QWP is connected to the light emitting surface of the light emitting unit LD through an optical paste OC; the polarization reflection layer FA is connected with the surface of the quarter-wave plate QWP away from the light emitting unit LD through an optical paste OC.
In another example, referring to fig. 4, the quarter-wave plate QWP is disposed on the light emitting surface of the light emitting unit LD, and the polarization reflection layer FA is disposed on the surface of the quarter-wave plate QWP away from the light emitting unit LD.
In one example, the polarized light emitting units PLD on the light emitting substrate LBP may include a plurality of polarized light emitting units PLD of different colors, so that the polarized light emitting units PLD of different colors emit different light to mix colors, so that the backlight unit BLU may provide a white linear polarized backlight.
Of course, in other examples of the present disclosure, the colors of the respective polarized light emitting cells PLD on the light emitting substrate LBP may also be the same. For example, each of the polarized light emitting units PLD can emit light of different colors (e.g., red, green, and blue) to mix the light (e.g., each of the light emitting units LD integrates a plurality of light emitting structures of different colors), so that the light emitting color of each of the polarized light emitting units PLD meets the requirement of the backlight module BLU on the light color (e.g., white). For another example, each of the polarized light emitting units PLD emits light of the same color (e.g., blue light); a pixelized color conversion film (such as a quantum dot film) is arranged on one side, away from the liquid crystal display panel PNL, of the second polarizer POLB of the liquid crystal display module LCM, and color conversion is further achieved on the color conversion film, so that color display is further achieved.
Alternatively, the Light Emitting unit LD may be a Micro Light Emitting Diode, for example, a sub-millimeter Light Emitting Diode (Mini LED) or a Micro Light Emitting Diode (Micro LED). Furthermore, the size of the sub-millimeter light emitting diode is in the range of 100-400 μm; the size of the micro light-emitting diode is below 100 μm. Of course, the light emitting unit LD of the present disclosure may be other light emitting elements as needed.
Optionally, the driving backplane DBP may include a substrate and a driving layer stacked on each other, where a driving circuit for driving the polarized light emitting unit PLD is disposed on the driving layer, and the driving circuit may be an active driving circuit or a passive driving circuit. In one example, a bonding pad for bonding the light emitting cells LD is provided on the driving layer, and the light emitting cells LD may be bond-connected with the bonding pad.
In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the number and type of the optical film materials of the backlight unit BLU on the side of the polarized light emitting unit PLD away from the driving back plate DBP may be less than those of the prior art, for example, the backlight unit BLU may not be provided with at least one of a diffusion sheet, a color conversion sheet (e.g., a fluorescent sheet or a quantum dot sheet), and a color filter, especially, not provided with a color conversion sheet. Thus, by reducing the number and types of the optical films on the light-emitting path of the polarized light-emitting unit PLD, the depolarization of the optical films to the linearly polarized light can be reduced, so that the backlight module BLU can provide the linearly polarized light with high polarization degree to the liquid crystal display module LCM, for example, the polarization degree of the backlight provided is not lower than 70%. In an example, the polarization degree of the emergent light of the backlight module BLU can be between 75% and 85% by adjusting the number and type of the optical film materials on the side of the polarized light emitting unit PLD away from the driving back plate DBP, so as to reduce the light loss of the linearly polarized backlight when the linearly polarized backlight passes through the first polarizer POLA.
In one example, the backlight unit BLU may not be provided with a diffusion sheet, a color conversion sheet (e.g., a fluorescent sheet or a quantum dot sheet), and an optical filter.
In an example, the backlight module BLU may be provided with a brightness enhancement sheet at a side of the polarized light emitting unit PLD away from the driving backplane DBP, so as to perform beam focusing and light enhancement on the backlight and improve the backlight brightness. The number of layers of the brightness enhancement sheet can be one or more, as desired. For example, in the example of fig. 3, the backlight unit BLU is provided with two layers of brightness enhancement sheets, namely, a first brightness enhancement sheet BEF1 and a second brightness enhancement sheet BEF2, on a side of the polarized light emitting unit PLD away from the driving back plate DBP. Therefore, by arranging the two layers of brightness enhancement sheets, the light can be sufficiently condensed to enhance brightness, the phenomenon that the polarized light is too large due to too much quantity or too thick thickness of the optical film materials can be avoided, and the reduction of the light transmittance due to too much quantity or too large thickness of the optical film materials can be avoided; on the whole, backlight unit BLU is provided with two layers of brightness enhancement sheets, can reach the balance in the aspects such as spotlight blast, high luminousness in order to reduce light loss, low solution partially in order to reduce light loss, finally guarantees that liquid crystal display device has high light efficiency.
In one example, the total transmittance of two brightness enhancement layers is about 84% and the total depolarization of two brightness enhancement layers is about 20%. Taking the example that the transmittance of the first polarizer POLA with respect to natural light is 43%, the transmittance of the first polarizer POLA with respect to linearly polarized light parallel to the polarization direction (also referred to as the transmission axis direction or the transmission direction) thereof is 86%.
Then, the calculation formula of the ratio of the light emitted from the light emitting unit LD to finally reach the liquid crystal display panel PNL is: (X) 1 *50％+50％*X 2 *X 1 )*X 3 *(1-X 4 )*X 5 . In this formula, X 1 The transmittance of the polarization reflection layer FA for linearly polarized light parallel to the transmission direction thereof is shown; x 2 The reflectance of the polarization reflection layer FA to linearly polarized light perpendicular to the transmission direction thereof is represented; x 3 Representing the total transmittance of the two layers of brightness enhancement sheets; x 4 Representing the total depolarization of the two layers of brightness enhancement sheets; x 5 The transmittance of the first polarizer POLA for linearly polarized light parallel to the transmission direction thereof is shown.
According to the above formula, the light efficiency of the natural light emitted from the light emitting unit LD reaching the liquid crystal display panel PNL in the form of linearly polarized light is (94% by 50% +50% by 84% by 94%) by 84% (1-20%) by 86% =50%. Compared with the improved scheme (the light efficiency is 34%) of the APF polarizer in the related art, the light efficiency of the example is improved by at least 47%.
In an embodiment of the disclosure, referring to fig. 8, a certain distance may be provided between the brightness enhancement sheet and the light-emitting substrate LBP to facilitate light mixing of the polarized light-emitting unit PLD, so as to improve the uniformity of the brightness of the light emitted from the backlight module BLU. For example, the distance between the brightness enhancement sheet and the light emitting substrate LBP may be 2mm to 8mm, so that the brightness uniformity of the backlight unit BLU is not less than 80%, and particularly, the brightness uniformity of the backlight unit BLU is not less than 90%. In one example, the distance between the brightness enhancement sheet and the light emitting substrate LBP may be between 4mm and 6mm, so that the brightness uniformity of the backlight unit BLU is about 90%. For example, in one example, the distance between the brightness enhancement sheet and the light emitting substrate LBP is 5mm, and the brightness uniformity of the backlight unit BLU is 90%.
It is understood that the distance between the brightness enhancement sheet and the light emitting substrate LBP is dependent on various factors, and in order to achieve the desired brightness uniformity, the distance between the brightness enhancement sheet and the light emitting substrate LBP may be adjusted by adjusting the distance between the polarized light emitting units PLD or adding a diffusion sheet, etc., if necessary. In large-sized display devices such as televisions, since the backlight unit BLU is not sensitive to the thickness thereof, the luminance uniformity can be improved by increasing the distance between the brightness enhancement sheet and the light emitting substrate LBP.
In one example, referring to fig. 8, the spacing between the brightness enhancement sheet and the light-emitting substrate LBP can be maintained by a mechanical frame FRM, for example, by which the brightness enhancement sheet is supported and secured. Thus, an air cavity can be formed between the brightness enhancement sheet and the light emitting substrate LBP for light mixing. Of course, if necessary, the air cavity may be filled with a material with high light transmittance and no birefringence or provided with a support structure using the material to support the brightness enhancement sheet, thereby improving the collimation of the emergent backlight.
In another example, referring to fig. 9, an optical path adjusting sheet ODM may be disposed between the brightness enhancement sheet and the light emitting substrate LBP, and the distance between the brightness enhancement sheet and the light emitting substrate LBP is maintained by the optical path adjusting sheet ODM. The optical path adjusting sheet ODM cannot use a material having a birefringence characteristic, and has a high light transmittance as much as possible. The optical path adjusting sheet ODM may be a single material layer, may include multiple material layers stacked, or may be a multilayer stacked optical film.
Fig. 8 and 9 illustrate two implementations of maintaining a spacing between the light-emitting substrate LBP and the brightness enhancement sheet. It is understood that in the backlight module BLU of the present disclosure, other methods may be adopted to maintain the distance between the light-emitting substrate LBP and the brightness enhancement sheet, for example, a support structure is disposed between the light-emitting substrate LBP and the brightness enhancement sheet, so as to allow a gap between the light-emitting substrate LBP and the brightness enhancement sheet without greatly reducing the light transmittance or greatly de-polarizing the light transmittance.
Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram illustrating a backlight module BLU according to some other embodiments of the disclosure. Referring to fig. 10, the backlight unit BLU includes a light-emitting substrate LBP, a quarter-wave plate QWP, and a polarization reflection layer FA, which are stacked, the light-emitting substrate LBP including a driving backplane DBP and a plurality of light-emitting units LD (e.g., array-arranged light-emitting units LD) on one side of the driving backplane DBP; the light emitting units LD emit light under the driving of the driving backplane DBP, and the light emitted by each light emitting unit LD may be unpolarized light (natural light). The quarter wave plate QWP may be disposed at a light emitting side of the light emitting units LD, and cover the respective light emitting units LD. The polarization reflective layer FA may cover the respective light emitting units LD. Thus, the natural light emitted by the light-emitting substrate LBP can efficiently exit after passing through the quarter-wave plate QWP and the polarization reflection layer FA, and the emergent light is linearly polarized light. The material and characteristics of the quarter-wave plate QWP covering each light-emitting unit LD may be the same as or different from those of the quarter-wave plate QWP on the polarized light-emitting unit PLD. The material and characteristics of the polarization reflection layer FA covering each light emitting cell LD may be the same as those of the polarization reflection layer FA on the polarization light emitting cell PLD, or may be different from those of the polarization reflection layer FA.
In one embodiment of the present disclosure, referring to fig. 11, the quarter-wave plate QWP may be disposed adjacent to the light-emitting substrate LBP, and the polarizing reflective layer FA may be disposed adjacent to the quarter-wave plate QWP to facilitate assembly of the backlight module BLU. Of course, in other embodiments of the present disclosure, the polarized reflecting layer FA and the light emitting substrate LBP may have a certain distance therebetween to facilitate light mixing; the polarized reflection layer FA is used for reflecting the polarized light vertical to the transmission direction, which is equivalent to improving the optical path of part of emergent light in the backlight module BLU, and further improving the light mixing effect and the light emitting uniformity of the backlight module BLU. Illustratively, there is a gap between the quarter-wave plate QWP and the light-emitting substrate LBP such that the polarization reflective layer FA and the light-emitting substrate LBP have a pre-designed spacing therebetween.
In one embodiment of the present disclosure, referring to fig. 11, the quarter wave plate QWP and the polarizing reflective layer FA may be directly laminated without providing other film layers or materials therebetween, for example, the polarizing reflective layer FA is directly formed on the surface of the quarter wave plate QWP. In another embodiment, referring to fig. 12, the quarter wave plate QWP is coupled with the polarization reflecting layer FA through an optical paste OC. Thus, the assembly of the backlight unit BLU is facilitated.
In an embodiment of the disclosure, the number and type of the optical films of the backlight unit BLU on the side of the polarization reflection layer FA away from the driving back plate DBP may be less than those of the prior art, for example, the backlight unit BLU may not be provided with at least one of a diffusion sheet, a color conversion sheet (e.g., a fluorescent sheet or a quantum dot sheet) and a color filter, especially not provided with a color conversion sheet. Therefore, the number and the types of the optical film materials on the light path of the linear polarization backlight are reduced, so that the depolarization of the linear polarization light by the optical film materials can be reduced, and the backlight module BLU can provide the linear polarization light with high polarization degree to the liquid crystal display module LCM, for example, the polarization degree of the provided backlight is not lower than 70%. In an example, the polarization degree of the emergent light of the backlight module BLU can be between 75% and 85% by adjusting the number and type of the optical film materials on the side of the polarization reflection layer FA away from the driving back plate DBP, so as to avoid light loss of the linearly polarized backlight when the linearly polarized backlight passes through the first polarizer POLA.
In an example, the backlight module BLU may be provided with a brightness enhancement sheet on a side of the polarization reflection layer FA away from the driving backplane DBP, so as to perform beam focusing and light enhancement on the backlight and improve the backlight brightness. The number of layers of the brightness enhancement sheet can be one or more, as desired. For example, in the example of fig. 11, the backlight unit BLU is provided with two layers of brightness enhancement sheets, namely, a first brightness enhancement sheet BEF1 and a second brightness enhancement sheet BEF2, on the side of the polarization reflection layer FA away from the driving back plate DBP. Therefore, by arranging the two layers of brightness enhancement sheets, the light can be sufficiently condensed to enhance brightness, the phenomenon that the polarized light is too large due to too much quantity or too thick thickness of the optical film materials can be avoided, and the reduction of the light transmittance due to too much quantity or too large thickness of the optical film materials can be avoided; overall, the backlight module BLU is provided with two layers of brightness enhancement sheets, which can achieve balance in the aspects of light condensation and brightness enhancement, high light transmittance to reduce light loss, low polarization to reduce light loss, and the like, ensure that the intensity of linearly polarized light in the final linear polarization backlight is maintained at a higher level compared with the light-emitting intensity of the light-emitting unit LD, and finally ensure the utilization rate of the liquid crystal display panel PNL to the backlight.
In an embodiment of the disclosure, referring to fig. 12, a certain distance may be provided between the brightness enhancement sheet and the light-emitting substrate LBP to facilitate light mixing of the light-emitting unit LD and improve uniformity of brightness of light emitted from the backlight module BLU. For example, the distance between the brightness enhancement sheet and the light emitting substrate LBP may be 2mm to 8mm, so that the brightness uniformity of the backlight unit BLU is not less than 80%, and particularly, the brightness uniformity of the backlight unit BLU is not less than 90%.
In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the polarized reflective layer FA may be disposed close to the brightness enhancement sheet, for example, the polarized reflective layer FA is attached to one side of the brightness enhancement sheet close to the light-emitting substrate LBP. Therefore, the polarization reflecting layer FA can improve the optical path of the light in the backlight module BLU by utilizing the reflection effect of the polarization reflecting layer FA on the linearly polarized light vertical to the transmission direction of the polarization reflecting layer FA, so that the light mixing effect of the backlight module BLU is improved, the distance between the brightness enhancement sheet and the light emitting substrate LBP is reduced, and the light thinning of the backlight module BLU is facilitated.
In one example, referring to fig. 13, the spacing between the brightness enhancement sheet and the light-emitting substrate LBP can be maintained by a mechanical frame FRM, for example, by supporting and securing the brightness enhancement sheet with the mechanical frame. Thus, an air cavity can be formed between the brightness enhancement sheet and the light emitting substrate LBP for light mixing. Of course, if necessary, the air cavity may be filled with a material with high light transmittance and no birefringence or provided with a support structure using the material to support the brightness enhancement sheet, thereby improving the collimation of the emergent backlight.
In another example, referring to fig. 14, an optical path adjusting sheet ODM may be disposed between the brightness enhancement sheet and the light emitting substrate LBP, and the distance between the brightness enhancement sheet and the light emitting substrate LBP is maintained by the optical path adjusting sheet ODM. The optical path adjusting sheet ODM cannot use a material having a birefringence characteristic, and has a high light transmittance as much as possible. The optical path adjusting sheet ODM may be a single material layer, may include multiple material layers stacked, or may be a multilayer stacked optical film.
Fig. 13 and 14 illustrate two implementations of maintaining a pitch between the light emitting substrate LBP and the brightness enhancement sheet. It is understood that in the backlight module BLU of the present disclosure, other methods may be adopted to maintain the distance between the light-emitting substrate LBP and the brightness enhancement sheet, for example, a support structure is disposed between the light-emitting substrate LBP and the brightness enhancement sheet, so as to allow a gap between the light-emitting substrate LBP and the brightness enhancement sheet without greatly reducing the light transmittance or greatly de-polarizing the light transmittance.
In the example of fig. 13 and 14, the polarizing reflective layer FA is disposed close to the light emitting substrate LBP with a certain distance from the brightness enhancement sheet. It is understood that in some other embodiments of the present disclosure, the polarized reflective layer FA can be directly stacked with the brightness enhancement sheet or adhered by optical glue, so that the polarized reflective layer FA supports the brightness enhancement sheet. For example, the mechanical frame FRM may support the polarization reflective layer FA such that a certain gap is provided between the polarization reflective layer FA and the light emitting substrate LBP; the brightness enhancement sheet may be directly laminated on the side of the polarization reflection layer FA away from the light emitting substrate LBP. For another example, the polarization reflection layer FA is disposed on the side of the optical distance adjustment sheet ODM away from the light-emitting substrate LBP, and the brightness enhancement sheet is laminated on the side of the polarization reflection layer FA away from the light-emitting substrate LBP.
In one example, the light emitting units LD on the light emitting substrate LBP may include a plurality of light emitting units LD of different colors so that the light emitting units LD of different colors emit different light to mix colors, so that the backlight module BLU may provide white linear polarization backlight.
Of course, in other examples of the present disclosure, the color of each light emitting unit LD on the light emitting substrate LBP may also be the same. For example, each light emitting unit LD may emit light of a plurality of different colors (e.g., red light, green light, and blue light) to mix the light (e.g., each light emitting unit LD integrates a plurality of light emitting structures of different colors), so that the light emitting color of each light emitting unit LD meets the requirement of the backlight module BLU for the light color (e.g., white). For another example, each of the light emitting units LD emits light of the same color (e.g., blue light); a pixelized color conversion film (such as a quantum dot film) is arranged on one side, away from the liquid crystal display panel PNL, of the second polarizer POLB of the liquid crystal display module LCM, and color conversion is further achieved on the color conversion film, so that color display is further achieved.
Embodiments of the present disclosure also provide a VR (virtual reality) display apparatus including any one of the liquid crystal display devices described in the above embodiments of the liquid crystal display device. Fig. 15 illustrates a schematic structure diagram of a VR display device. Referring to fig. 15, the VR display apparatus includes a liquid crystal display device and a folded optical path system disposed on a display side of the liquid crystal display device in a stacked arrangement to converge light to eyes of a user. This folding optical path system can reduce folding optical path system's thickness through the folding to the light path, does benefit to VR display device's frivolousization. Meanwhile, the liquid crystal display device has higher brightness by improving the light utilization rate, and further can meet the high brightness requirement of VR display equipment on the liquid crystal display device.
Exemplarily, referring to fig. 15, the folded optical path system includes a first quarter-wave plate (1/4 wave plate 1), a transflective film, a first LENS (LENS 1), a second quarter-wave plate (1/4 wave plate 2), a polarization reflective film, and a second LENS (LENS 2) stacked in sequence on a side of the liquid crystal display module LCM away from the backlight module BLU. The light of the liquid crystal display device is linearly polarized light and is converted into circularly polarized light (or elliptically polarized light) through the first quarter-wave plate; the linearly polarized light continuously emits and is changed into the linearly polarized light after passing through the semi-transparent semi-reflective film (half of the loss due to reflection), the first lens and the second quarter-wave plate, and the polarization direction of the linearly polarized light is deflected by 90 degrees compared with the polarization direction of the linearly polarized light when the linearly polarized light emits from the liquid crystal display module LCM. The linearly polarized light is reflected by the polarization reflection film (the light path is folded for the first time), then is converted into circularly polarized light (or elliptically polarized light) after passing through the second quarter-wave plate, and continuously passes through the first LENS LENS1 to irradiate the semi-transparent semi-reflective film; the circularly polarized light (or elliptically polarized light) is reflected by the semi-transparent semi-reflective film (half is lost due to transmission) and then is folded for the second time, and the reflected light passes through the first LENS1 and then passes through the second quarter-wave plate, so that the circularly polarized light (or elliptically polarized light) is converted into linearly polarized light. At this time, the polarization direction of the linearly polarized light is deflected by 90 ° compared to the linearly polarized light at the time of the first folding of the optical path, and the linearly polarized light can be transmitted from the polarization reflection film. And the light rays transmitted from the polarization reflecting film are converged to human eyes through the second lens to realize imaging.
In this example, since light realizes primary transmission and primary reflection in the folded optical path system using the transflective film, the light efficiency is reduced to 1/4, which results in the VR display apparatus particularly requiring a high-luminance liquid crystal display device. The liquid crystal display device provided by the embodiment of the disclosure can realize very high brightness by improving the lighting effect, and is particularly suitable for meeting the requirement of the VR display equipment.
It is understood that fig. 15 is merely one example of a VR display device provided by embodiments of the present disclosure. The liquid crystal display device provided by the embodiment of the disclosure can realize high brightness and low power consumption, and is therefore also applicable to other types of VR display devices.
The embodiments of the present disclosure merely exemplify the application of the liquid crystal display device to the VR display apparatus. It is to be understood that the liquid crystal display device of the present disclosure may be applied not only to the VR field, but also to a television, a billboard, a display, a vehicle panel, a mobile terminal, an AR (augmented reality) display apparatus, or other fields requiring a display device.
Other embodiments of the disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the disclosure disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the disclosure following, in general, the principles of the disclosure and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the disclosure pertains. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the disclosure being indicated by the following claims.
Claims (17)
1. A polarized light emitting unit, comprising:
a light emitting unit having a light emitting surface;
the quarter wave plate is arranged on one side of the light-emitting surface of the light-emitting unit;
and the polarization reflecting layer is arranged on one side of the quarter-wave plate, which is far away from the light emergent surface.
2. The polarized light emitting unit of claim 1, wherein the polarized reflective layer is a wire grid polarizer.
3. The polarized light emitting unit according to claim 2, wherein the transmittance of the wire grid polarizer to linearly polarized light perpendicular to the direction of the wire grid is not less than 90%.
4. The polarized light emitting unit of claim 2, wherein the wire grid polarizer has a reflectance of not less than 80% with respect to linearly polarized light parallel to the direction of the wire grid.
5. The polarized light emitting unit of claim 2, wherein the wire grid polarizer has a wire grid height of between 40 and 220 nm; the period of the wire grid polarizer is between 30 and 100 nm; the duty ratio of the wire grid polarizer is between 10% and 60%.
6. The polarized light emitting unit of claim 5, wherein the wire grid polarizer has a wire grid height of 80nm; the period of the wire grid polarizer is 60nm; the duty cycle of the wire grid polarizer is 40%.
7. The polarized light emitting unit according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the quarter-wave plate is disposed on a light emitting surface of the light emitting unit, and the polarized reflection layer is disposed on a surface of the quarter-wave plate away from the light emitting unit.
8. The polarized light-emitting unit according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the quarter-wave plate is connected with the light-emitting surface of the light-emitting unit through optical glue; the polarization reflecting layer is connected with the surface, far away from the light emitting unit, of the quarter-wave plate through optical cement.
9. A light-emitting substrate comprising a plurality of polarized light-emitting units according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. A backlight module comprising the light-emitting substrate according to claim 9.
11. A backlight module according to claim 10, further comprising a brightness enhancement sheet positioned on a light exit side of the light-emitting substrate.
12. The backlight module as claimed in claim 10, wherein the distance between the light-emitting substrate and the brightness enhancement sheet is 2-8 mm; a medium without birefraction characteristics is arranged between the light-emitting substrate and the brightness enhancement sheet.
13. The backlight module as claimed in claim 10, wherein at least one of a diffuser, a color conversion sheet and a filter is not disposed between the light-emitting substrate and the brightness enhancement sheet.
14. A backlight module, comprising:
a light emitting substrate having a plurality of light emitting cells;
the quarter-wave plate is arranged on the light emitting side of the light emitting substrate and covers each light emitting unit;
and the polarization reflecting layer is arranged on one side of the quarter-wave plate, which is far away from the light-emitting substrate.
15. A backlight module according to claim 14, further comprising a brightness enhancement sheet on a side of the polarization reflective layer away from the light-emitting substrate.
16. A liquid crystal display device, comprising the backlight module as claimed in any one of claims 10 to 15, and a liquid crystal display module cooperating with the backlight module.
17. A VR display apparatus comprising the liquid crystal display device according to claim 16.
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| CN102914901A (en) * | 2011-08-03 | 2013-02-06 | 三星电子株式会社 | Display panel and display apparatus employing the same |
| US20150062500A1 (en) * | 2013-08-27 | 2015-03-05 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Wire grid polarizer and liquid crystal display panel and liquid crystal display device having the same |
| CN114994982A (en) * | 2022-06-15 | 2022-09-02 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | Front light source and display device |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102914901A (en) * | 2011-08-03 | 2013-02-06 | 三星电子株式会社 | Display panel and display apparatus employing the same |
| US20150062500A1 (en) * | 2013-08-27 | 2015-03-05 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Wire grid polarizer and liquid crystal display panel and liquid crystal display device having the same |
| CN114994982A (en) * | 2022-06-15 | 2022-09-02 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | Front light source and display device |
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