CN115753719A - Construction method of environment-friendly ratiometric fluorescent probe based on blue and red carbon dots and application of environment-friendly ratiometric fluorescent probe to efficient detection of mercury ions - Google Patents
Construction method of environment-friendly ratiometric fluorescent probe based on blue and red carbon dots and application of environment-friendly ratiometric fluorescent probe to efficient detection of mercury ions Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a construction method of an environment-friendly ratiometric fluorescent probe based on blue and red carbon dots and high-efficiency detection application of the environment-friendly ratiometric fluorescent probe to mercury ions. The fluorescence intensity of the red carbon dots serving as a reference signal is basically kept unchanged after the mercury ions are added, and the fluorescence intensity of the blue fluorescent carbon dots serving as response signals is gradually reduced along with the increase of the concentration of the mercury ions. The mercury ion environment-friendly ratiometric fluorescent probe synthesized by the invention has the advantages of simple preparation process, low cost and environmental friendliness, has high sensitivity and accuracy for detecting trace mercury ions remained in an environmental sample, and has wide application prospect in the field of analysis and detection of mercury ions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of construction of ratiometric fluorescent probes and detection of heavy metal ions, and particularly relates to a construction method of an environment-friendly ratiometric fluorescent probe based on blue and red carbon dots and efficient detection application of the environment-friendly ratiometric fluorescent probe to mercury ions.
Background
Mercury ion (Hg) 2+ ) Is one of the common high-toxicity heavy metal pollutants in the environment. Because the mercury ion has the characteristics of high toxicity, difficult degradation, long-distance mobility, biological enrichment and the like, and mercury ions existing in the environment are easy to be enriched in organisms through a food chain, the mercury ion can cause serious damage to a human body secretion system, an immune system, a nervous system and the like even if the mercury ion is in a trace level. At present, mercury ions are detected in environmental media such as natural water bodies, soil and the like in many regions of the world, and the harm to human health and ecological environment also draws wide attention of people. At present, methods for detecting mercury ions include inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, atomic absorption spectrometry, atomic emission spectrometry, and the like. However, these methods still have the disadvantages of high instrument cost, complicated operation, and long detection period. Therefore, it is imperative to develop a simple, fast, efficient and environmentally friendly mercury ion detection method.
The fluorescence analysis method has the advantages of high sensitivity, high detection rate, simple operation and the like, and is gradually one of the methods with the greatest development prospects. As a novel carbon nano material, the carbon dot has the characteristics of strong fluorescence stability, low toxicity, good biocompatibility, environmental friendliness, abundant surface functional groups, wide carbon source, easiness in preparation and the like, and is widely applied to efficient analysis of environmental pollutants. Most of the previously reported mercury ion fluorescent probes are in a single fluorescence quenching mode, and the detection result is easily interfered by external environment and instrument conditions, so that the accuracy of the detection result is influenced. In view of the above problems, the present invention aims to provide a simple, fast and efficient ratiometric fluorescence analysis method for detecting mercury ions based on a ratiometric fluorescent probe.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the technical problem of providing a construction method of an environment-friendly ratiometric fluorescent probe based on blue and red carbon dots, which has simple process and low cost, and the high-efficiency detection application of the environment-friendly ratiometric fluorescent probe to mercury ions.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme to solve the technical problems, and the construction method of the environment-friendly ratiometric fluorescent probe based on blue and red carbon dots is characterized by comprising the following specific processes: carrying out hydrothermal reaction on ammonium citrate and guanidine hydrochloride under an alkaline condition at 200 ℃ to synthesize blue fluorescent carbon dots; carrying out hydrothermal reaction on malonic acid, meso-tetra (4-carboxyphenyl) porphin and ethylenediamine at 200 ℃ to synthesize red fluorescent carbon dots; mixing the blue fluorescent carbon dots and the red fluorescent carbon dots to construct a ratiometric fluorescent probe, wherein the fluorescence intensity of the blue fluorescent carbon dots in the ratiometric fluorescent probe is used as a response signal, the fluorescence intensity of the red fluorescent carbon dots is used as a reference signal, and Hg is added into the ratiometric fluorescent probe 2+ The fluorescence intensity of the red fluorescent carbon point is kept constant as a reference signal, and the fluorescence intensity of the blue fluorescent carbon point is obviously quenched as a response signal and is along with Hg 2+ The concentration is gradually reduced, and the ratiometric fluorescent probe has a specific recognition effect on mercury ions and can be used for recognizing trace mercury ions in an environmental water sample with high sensitivity.
Further defined, the specific preparation process of the blue fluorescent carbon dot comprises the following steps: adding ammonium citrate, guanidine hydrochloride and sodium hydroxide aqueous solution into a reaction kettle, carrying out hydrothermal reaction at 200 ℃ for 1-9h, cooling the obtained solution, filtering the cooled solution through a 0.22 mu m filter membrane, dialyzing and purifying, collecting liquid in a dialysis bag, drying to obtain carbon dot powder, dispersing the carbon dot powder in water to show blue fluorescence, and storing at low temperature of 4 ℃.
Further, the specific preparation process of the red fluorescent carbon dot comprises the following steps: adding malonic acid, meso-tetra (4-carboxyphenyl) porphine, ethylenediamine and high-purity water into a reaction kettle, carrying out hydrothermal reaction at 200 ℃ for 12 hours, filtering the obtained product with a 0.22-micron filter membrane, dialyzing and purifying, collecting liquid in a dialysis bag, drying to obtain carbon dot powder, dispersing the carbon dot powder in water to show red fluorescence, and storing at low temperature of 4 ℃.
The invention relates to an environment-friendly type based on blue and red carbon dotsThe application of the ratiometric fluorescent probe to the efficient detection of mercury ions is characterized by comprising the following specific processes: 0.5g ammonium citrate, 1g guanidine hydrochloride and 20mL 40mg mL were added to the reaction kettle -1 Hydrothermal reaction of sodium hydroxide solution at 200 deg.c for 3 hr, filtering the product with 0.22 micron filter membrane, dialysis for 3 hr, drying the purified water solution of carbon point at 60 deg.c to obtain powder, and compounding to concentration of 0.5mg mL -1 The bright blue fluorescent carbon dot solution is stored at 4 ℃ for later use; adding 5.2mg malonic acid, 39.5mg meso-tetra (4-carboxyphenyl) porphine, 300 muL ethylenediamine and 10mL water into a reaction kettle, carrying out hydrothermal reaction at 200 ℃ for 12h, passing the obtained product through a 0.22μm filter membrane, dialyzing and purifying the product through a dialysis bag, drying the product into powder at 60 ℃, and preparing the powder into a solution with the concentration of 0.15mg mL -1 The red fluorescent carbon dot solution is stored at 4 ℃ for later use; the environment-friendly ratiometric fluorescent probe is prepared by mixing 64 mu L of bright blue fluorescent carbon dot solution and 100 mu L of red fluorescent carbon dot solution, and sequentially mixing 64 mu L of bright blue fluorescent carbon dot solution, 100 mu L of red fluorescent carbon dot solution and Hg with gradient concentration 2+ Adding the solution into a centrifuge tube, diluting the mixed solution with high-purity water to 2mL, reacting at room temperature for 2min, measuring the fluorescence intensity under excitation wavelength of 360nm and excitation and emission slit of 5nm to obtain linear regression curve with linear range of 0.01-10 μmol L -1 With a detection limit of 5.3nmol L -1 。
Further defined, the environment-friendly ratiometric fluorescent probe based on blue and red carbon dots can be used in the probe containing Hg 2+ 、Cr 6+ 、Fe 3 + 、Pb 2+ 、Cd 2+ 、Cr 3+ 、Fe 2+ 、Cu 2+ 、Mg 2+ 、Co 2+ 、K + 、Na + 、Ba 2+ 、Zn 2+ 、Mn 2+ 、Ca 2+ And Ni 2+ Specifically recognizing mercury ions in the aqueous solution.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. the invention firstly provides the construction of the environment-friendly ratiometric fluorescent probe based on blue and red carbon dots and the high-efficiency detection application of the probe to mercury ions, and has the advantages of simple preparation process, low cost and convenient operation;
2. the fluorescent carbon dots prepared by the method have the advantages of good stability, high detection rate, high sensitivity and high selective recognition performance on mercury ions;
3. the invention adopts carbon points with different fluorescence as ratiometric fluorescent probes, and can be used for efficient and sensitive detection and analysis of trace mercury ions in actual environmental samples.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a TEM image of a blue carbon dot obtained in example 2, and B is a TEM image of a red carbon dot obtained in example 2;
in FIG. 2, A is Hg 2+ The influence of the concentration of blue fluorescent carbon dots on fluorescence quenching in the detection process is shown in the figure, wherein B is Hg 2+ The influence of the pH value of the solution to be detected on the fluorescence quenching in the detection process is shown, wherein C is Hg 2+ A graph of the effect of reaction time on fluorescence quenching during detection;
in FIG. 3, A is Hg at various concentrations 2+ Graph of the effect on the fluorescence intensity of carbon spots, B is Hg at different concentrations 2+ Response to Probe value Δ F 450 /F 650 A linear relationship graph between;
FIG. 4 is a graph of ratiometric fluorescent probe vs. Hg 2+ Selectively identifying a detection map;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of ratiometric fluorescent probe construction and mercury ion detection.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to examples, but it should not be construed that the scope of the above subject matter of the present invention is limited to the following examples, and that all the technologies realized based on the above subject matter of the present invention belong to the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
0.5g ammonium citrate, 1g guanidine hydrochloride and 20mL 40mg mL were added to the reaction kettle -1 Subjecting the aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide to hydrothermal reaction at 200 deg.C for 1h, filtering the resultant with 0.22 μm filter membrane, dialyzing for 3h (MWCO: 100-500), drying the purified blue fluorescent carbon dot aqueous solution at 60 deg.C to obtain powder, and dissolving in high-purity water to obtain blue fluorescent carbon dot solution (b-CDs, 0.5mg mL) -1 ) Stored at 4 ℃ until use. 5.2mg malonic acid, 39.5mg meso-tetrakis (4-carboxyphenyl) porphine, 300 μ L ethylenediamine and 1 were added to the reactorPerforming hydrothermal reaction for 12h at 200 deg.C in 0mL of water, purifying the obtained product by passing through 0.22 μm filter membrane and dialysis bag (MWCO: 500-1000), drying the purified red fluorescent carbon dot aqueous solution into powder at 60 deg.C, and dissolving in high purity water to obtain red fluorescent carbon dot solution (r-CDs, 0.15mg mL) -1 ）。
Example 2
0.5g ammonium citrate, 1g guanidine hydrochloride and 20mL 40mg mL were added to the reaction kettle -1 Hydrothermal reaction of aqueous sodium hydroxide solution at 200 deg.C for 3 hr, filtering the resultant with 0.22 μm filter membrane, dialyzing for 3 hr (MWCO: 100-500), drying the purified blue fluorescent carbon dot aqueous solution at 60 deg.C to obtain powder, and dissolving in high purity water to obtain blue fluorescent carbon dot solution (b-CDs, 0.5mg mL) -1 ) Stored at 4 ℃ for further use. Adding 5.2mg of malonic acid, 39.5mg of meso-tetra (4-carboxyphenyl) porphine, 300 mu L of ethylenediamine and 10mL of water into a reaction kettle, carrying out hydrothermal reaction at 200 ℃ for 12h, passing the obtained product through a 0.22 mu m filter membrane and a dialysis bag (MWCO: 500-1000) for dialysis and purification, drying the purified red fluorescent carbon dot aqueous solution at 60 ℃ to obtain powder, and dissolving the powder in high-purity water to obtain a red fluorescent carbon dot solution (r-CDs, 0.15mg mL of water) -1 ）。
Example 3
0.5g ammonium citrate, 1g guanidine hydrochloride and 20mL 40mg mL are added into the reaction kettle -1 Subjecting the aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide to hydrothermal reaction at 200 deg.C for 5h, filtering the resultant with 0.22 μm filter membrane, dialyzing for 3h (MWCO: 100-500), drying the purified blue fluorescent carbon dot aqueous solution at 60 deg.C to obtain powder, and dissolving in high-purity water to obtain blue fluorescent carbon dot solution (b-CDs, 0.5mg mL) -1 ) Stored at 4 ℃ for further use. Adding 5.2mg of malonic acid, 39.5mg of meso-tetra (4-carboxyphenyl) porphine, 300 mu L of ethylenediamine and 10mL of water into a reaction kettle, carrying out hydrothermal reaction at 200 ℃ for 12h, passing the obtained product through a 0.22 mu m filter membrane and a dialysis bag (MWCO: 500-1000) for dialysis and purification, drying the purified red fluorescent carbon dot aqueous solution at 60 ℃ to obtain powder, and dissolving the powder in high-purity water to obtain a red fluorescent carbon dot solution (r-CDs, 0.15mg mL of water) -1 ）。
Example 4
0.5g ammonium citrate, 1g guanidine hydrochloride and 20mL 40mg mL were added to the reaction kettle -1 Hydrothermal reaction of aqueous sodium hydroxide solution at 200 deg.C for 7 hr, filtering the resultant with 0.22 μm filter membrane, dialyzing for 3 hr (MWCO: 100-500), drying the purified blue fluorescent carbon dot aqueous solution at 60 deg.C to obtain powder, and dissolving in high purity water to obtain blue fluorescent carbon dot solution (b-CDs, 0.5mg mL) -1 ) Stored at 4 ℃ for further use. Adding 5.2mg of malonic acid, 39.5mg of meso-tetra (4-carboxyphenyl) porphine, 300 mu L of ethylenediamine and 10mL of water into a reaction kettle, carrying out hydrothermal reaction at 200 ℃ for 12h, passing the obtained product through a 0.22 mu m filter membrane and a dialysis bag (MWCO: 500-1000) for dialysis and purification, drying the purified red fluorescent carbon dot aqueous solution at 60 ℃ to obtain powder, and dissolving the powder in high-purity water to obtain a red fluorescent carbon dot solution (r-CDs, 0.15mg mL of water) -1 ）。
Example 5
0.5g ammonium citrate, 1g guanidine hydrochloride and 20mL 40mg mL are added into the reaction kettle -1 Subjecting the aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide to hydrothermal reaction at 200 deg.C for 9h, filtering the resultant with 0.22 μm filter membrane, dialyzing for 3h (MWCO: 100-500), drying the purified blue fluorescent carbon dot aqueous solution at 60 deg.C to obtain powder, and dissolving in high-purity water to obtain blue fluorescent carbon dot solution (b-CDs, 0.5mg mL) -1 ) Stored at 4 ℃ for further use. Adding 5.2mg of malonic acid, 39.5mg of meso-tetra (4-carboxyphenyl) porphine, 300 mu L of ethylenediamine and 10mL of water into a reaction kettle, carrying out hydrothermal reaction at 200 ℃ for 12h, passing the obtained product through a 0.22 mu m filter membrane and a dialysis bag (MWCO: 500-1000) for dialysis and purification, drying the purified red fluorescent carbon dot aqueous solution at 60 ℃ to obtain powder, and dissolving the powder in high-purity water to obtain a red fluorescent carbon dot solution (r-CDs, 0.15mg mL of water) -1 ）。
Example 6
64. Mu.L each of the blue fluorescent carbon dot solution (b-CDs) prepared in examples 1 to 5 and 100. Mu.L of the red fluorescent carbon dot solution (r-CDs) prepared in examples 1 to 5 were taken, and then 20. Mu.L of 200. Mu. Mol L were added -1 Mixing the mercury ion water solution at room temperature, reacting for 0min, 1min, 2min, 3min, 4min, and 5min, measuring fluorescence intensity with fluorescence spectrophotometer, and calculating corresponding fluorescence response value Δ F 450 /F 650 (wherein. DELTA.F 450 The difference of the fluorescence intensity change of the ratiometric fluorescent probe at 450nm before and after the mercury ions are added,i.e. F 450 -F´ 450 ). The analysis result shows that the ratiometric fluorescent probe prepared in example 2 has higher sensitivity and accuracy for identifying and detecting the mercury ions, and the optimal reaction time is 2min.
Example 7
Each of 64. Mu.L of b-CDs prepared in example 2 and 100. Mu.L of r-CDs prepared in example 2 was taken, and then added to an aqueous solution having a pH of 1 to 14, followed by mixing and reacting at room temperature for 2min, and measured by a fluorescence spectrophotometer. As a result, as shown in FIG. 2, the fluorescence intensity of the ratiometric fluorescent probe remained substantially unchanged between pH 5 and pH 12, indicating that the prepared ratiometric fluorescent probe has a certain acid-base resistance.
Example 8
64 μ L of b-CDs prepared in example 2 and 100 μ L of r-CDs prepared in example 2 were taken, and then added to the aqueous solution of mercury ions having pH of 5 to 12, respectively, and mixed well at room temperature for reaction for 2min, as measured by a fluorescence spectrophotometer. As shown in FIG. 2, the fluorescence quenching rate of the ratiometric fluorescent probe with mercury ions was the best at pH 7.
Example 9
64 μ L of b-CDs prepared in example 2 and 100 μ L of r-CDs prepared in example 2 were taken and added to the mixture at a gradient concentration of 0.01-10 μmol L -1 The reaction solution is fully mixed and reacted for 2min at room temperature, and the reaction solution is measured by a fluorescence spectrophotometer. The results are shown in FIG. 3, which shows the response value Δ F of the ratiometric fluorescent probe 450 /F 650 Increases with the concentration of mercury ions, and is 0.01-10 μmol L -1 Response value of ratiometric fluorescent probes in the concentration range, Δ F 450 /F 650 Linearly related to the concentration of mercury ions, and the calculated detection limit is 5.3nmol L -1 。
Example 10
64 μ L of b-CDs prepared in example 2 and 100 μ L of r-CDs prepared in example 2 were taken, and Hg was added thereto 2 + 、Cr 6+ 、Fe 3+ 、Pb 2+ 、Cd 2+ 、Cr 3+ 、Fe 2+ 、Cu 2+ 、Mg 2+ 、Co 2+ 、K + 、Na + 、Ba 2+ 、Zn 2+ 、Mn 2+ 、Ca 2+ And Ni 2+ The aqueous solution is fully mixed and reacted for 2min at room temperature, and the corresponding fluorescence response value delta F is calculated after the fluorescence intensity is measured on a fluorescence spectrophotometer 450 /F 650 . The results showed that 0.05. Mu. Mol L -1 Response value delta F of mercury ion contrast ratio fluorescent probe 450 /F 650 0.11, while other metal ions have no significant quenching effect. The result is shown in FIG. 4, which shows that the prepared ratiometric fluorescent probe has strong specificity recognition performance for mercury ions.
The foregoing embodiments illustrate the principles, principal features and advantages of the invention, and it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the foregoing embodiments, which are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention, and that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the scope of the principles of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. The construction method of the environment-friendly ratiometric fluorescent probe based on blue and red carbon dots is characterized by comprising the following specific processes: carrying out hydrothermal reaction on ammonium citrate and guanidine hydrochloride at 200 ℃ under an alkaline condition to synthesize blue fluorescent carbon dots; carrying out hydrothermal reaction on malonic acid, meso-tetra (4-carboxyphenyl) porphine and ethylenediamine at 200 ℃ to synthesize red fluorescent carbon dots; mixing the blue fluorescent carbon dots and the red fluorescent carbon dots to construct a ratiometric fluorescent probe, wherein the fluorescence intensity of the blue fluorescent carbon dots in the ratiometric fluorescent probe is used as a response signal, the fluorescence intensity of the red fluorescent carbon dots is used as a reference signal, and Hg is added into the ratiometric fluorescent probe 2+ The fluorescence intensity of the red fluorescent carbon point is kept constant as a reference signal, and the fluorescence intensity of the blue fluorescent carbon point is obviously quenched as a response signal and is along with Hg 2+ The concentration is gradually reduced, and the ratiometric fluorescent probe has a specific recognition effect on mercury ions and can be used for recognizing trace mercury ions in an environmental water sample with high sensitivity.
2. The method for constructing the environment-friendly ratiometric fluorescent probe based on blue and red carbon dots according to claim 1, wherein the specific preparation process of the blue fluorescent carbon dot comprises the following steps: adding ammonium citrate, guanidine hydrochloride and sodium hydroxide aqueous solution into a reaction kettle, carrying out hydrothermal reaction at 200 ℃ for 1-9h, cooling the obtained solution, filtering the cooled solution through a 0.22 mu m filter membrane, dialyzing and purifying, collecting liquid in a dialysis bag, drying to obtain carbon dot powder, dispersing the carbon dot powder in water to show blue fluorescence, and storing at low temperature of 4 ℃.
3. The method for constructing the environment-friendly ratiometric fluorescent probe based on the blue and red carbon dots according to claim 1, wherein the specific preparation process of the red fluorescent carbon dot is as follows: adding malonic acid, meso-tetra (4-carboxyphenyl) porphine, ethylenediamine and high-purity water into a reaction kettle, carrying out hydrothermal reaction at 200 ℃ for 12h, filtering the obtained product with a 0.22-micron filter membrane, dialyzing and purifying, collecting liquid in a dialysis bag, drying to obtain carbon dot powder, dispersing the carbon dot powder in water to show red fluorescence, and storing at low temperature of 4 ℃.
4. The blue and red carbon point-based environment-friendly ratiometric fluorescent probe constructed according to the method of any one of claims 1 to 3 has high efficiency detection application on mercury ions.
5. The application according to claim 4, characterized in that the specific process is: 0.5g ammonium citrate, 1g guanidine hydrochloride and 20mL 40mg mL are added into the reaction kettle -1 Hydrothermal reaction of sodium hydroxide solution at 200 deg.c for 3 hr, filtering the product with 0.22 micron filter membrane, dialysis for 3 hr, drying the purified water solution of carbon point at 60 deg.c to obtain powder, and compounding to concentration of 0.5mg mL -1 The bright blue fluorescent carbon dot solution is stored at 4 ℃ for later use; adding 5.2mg malonic acid, 39.5mg meso-tetra (4-carboxyphenyl) porphine, 300 muL ethylenediamine and 10mL water into a reaction kettle, carrying out hydrothermal reaction at 200 ℃ for 12h, passing the obtained product through a 0.22μm filter membrane, dialyzing and purifying the product through a dialysis bag, drying the product into powder at 60 ℃, and preparing the powder into a solution with the concentration of 0.15mg mL -1 The red fluorescent carbon dot solution is stored at 4 ℃ for later use; the environment-friendly ratiometric fluorescent probe consists of 64 mu L of bright blue fluorescent carbon dot solution and 100 μ L of red fluorescent carbon dot solution, 64 μ L of bright blue fluorescent carbon dot solution, 100 μ L of red fluorescent carbon dot solution and Hg of gradient concentration 2+ Adding the solution into a centrifuge tube, diluting the mixed solution with high-purity water to 2mL, reacting at room temperature for 2min, measuring the fluorescence intensity under excitation wavelength of 360nm and excitation and emission slit of 5nm to obtain linear regression curve with linear range of 0.01-10 μmol L -1 With a detection limit of 5.3nmol L -1 。
6. Use according to claim 5, characterized in that: the environment-friendly ratiometric fluorescent probe based on blue and red carbon dots can contain Hg 2+ 、Cr 6+ 、Fe 3+ 、Pb 2+ 、Cd 2+ 、Cr 3+ 、Fe 2+ 、Cu 2+ 、Mg 2+ 、Co 2+ 、K + 、Na + 、Ba 2+ 、Zn 2+ 、Mn 2+ 、Ca 2+ And Ni 2+ Specifically recognizing mercury ions in the aqueous solution.
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