CN115751162B - Liquid hydrogen spherical storage tank of hydrogen energy unmanned aerial vehicle - Google Patents
Liquid hydrogen spherical storage tank of hydrogen energy unmanned aerial vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- CN115751162B CN115751162B CN202211397004.9A CN202211397004A CN115751162B CN 115751162 B CN115751162 B CN 115751162B CN 202211397004 A CN202211397004 A CN 202211397004A CN 115751162 B CN115751162 B CN 115751162B
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Abstract
The invention provides a liquid hydrogen spherical storage tank of a hydrogen energy unmanned aerial vehicle, which comprises: a spherical tank having an accommodating chamber for accommodating liquid hydrogen; the foaming cold insulation layer is adhered to the outer wall of the spherical tank body in a full-coverage manner through low-temperature glue, and a protective layer is arranged on the outer side of the foaming cold insulation layer in a full-coverage manner; the protection layer comprises a fiber cloth layer and a dampproof paint layer from inside to outside along the radial direction of the spherical tank body. The invention adopts the tank body with a spherical structure, so that the wall thickness of the tank body is thinner, the volume of the tank body material is reduced, the purpose of controlling the dead weight of the liquid hydrogen spherical storage tank is realized, and the foam cold insulation layer is adopted to insulate the spherical storage tank, so that the dead weight of the liquid hydrogen spherical storage tank can be reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hydrogen energy unmanned aerial vehicles, in particular to a liquid hydrogen spherical storage tank of a hydrogen energy unmanned aerial vehicle.
Background
Compared with the existing fossil energy, the hydrogen energy does not pollute the environment in the use process, the generated product is water, hydrogen is generated again for recycling after the product water is hydrolyzed, and the hydrogen energy is one of the most ideal green energy at present. Therefore, the potential of a hydrogen energy unmanned aerial vehicle using a hydrogen fuel engine as a power plant is great.
The density of liquid hydrogen at normal temperature and pressure is 845 times of that of gaseous hydrogen, and the volume energy density of the liquid hydrogen is 10 times higher than that of the compressed storage of the gaseous hydrogen, so that most hydrogen energy unmanned aerial vehicles in the world currently adopt a liquid hydrogen storage method. Liquid hydrogen storage requires cooling the hydrogen gas to-253 degrees celsius to a liquid state and then storing it in a high vacuum cold-insulated container for use. Because the liquid hydrogen in the storage container is very different from the ambient temperature, the selection of the cold insulation material of the liquid hydrogen storage container and the design of the container are very high in order to control the evaporation loss of the liquid hydrogen in the storage container and the safety (freezing resistance, pressure bearing and the like) of the container.
The common liquid hydrogen storage tank is divided into an inner layer and an outer layer, the inner layer is filled with liquid hydrogen with the temperature of minus 253 ℃, a support made of longer glass fibers is arranged at the center of an outer layer shell, a plurality of layers of aluminized polyester films are filled in the middle of an interlayer, heat radiation is reduced, cold insulation paper is paved between the films, heat resistance is increased, residual gas at low temperature is adsorbed, air in the interlayer is pumped by a vacuum pump, high vacuum is formed, gas convection heat leakage is avoided, and premature vaporization of hydrogen is prevented. The traditional hydrogen storage container inner layer generally adopts a metal material (such as stainless steel) with good hydrogen resistance, and because the cold insulation design requirement is high, the weight of the storage container is mainly consumed on the cold insulation design, and according to calculation, the liquid hydrogen storage tank with good cold insulation design and 200kg weight can only carry 17kg of liquid hydrogen, so that the storage tank has no great advantage compared with the storage of common aviation gasoline or kerosene. Meanwhile, the liquid hydrogen storage tank with good cold insulation design has high cold insulation requirement on the hydrogen supply pipeline, the weight of the pipeline is increased, and meanwhile, a special vaporizer is required to be added for vaporizing liquid hydrogen, so that the design weight is increased.
In order to realize maximum payload carrying, the unmanned aerial vehicle needs to have the smallest weight, so that a higher requirement is put on the weight of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, and the weight of the liquid hydrogen storage tank is required to be as small as possible.
In view of this, the present invention has been made.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems of overcoming the defects in the prior art and providing the liquid hydrogen spherical storage tank of the hydrogen energy unmanned aerial vehicle, wherein the tank body with a spherical structure is adopted, so that the wall thickness of the tank body is thinner, the volume of a tank body material is reduced, the purpose of controlling the dead weight of the liquid hydrogen spherical storage tank is realized, and the foaming cold insulation layer is adopted to insulate the spherical storage tank, so that the dead weight of the liquid hydrogen spherical storage tank can be reduced.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the basic conception of the technical scheme that:
A liquid hydrogen spherical storage tank for a hydrogen energy unmanned aerial vehicle, comprising:
A spherical tank having an accommodating chamber for accommodating liquid hydrogen;
And the foaming cold insulation layer is adhered to the outer wall of the spherical tank body in a full-coverage manner through low-temperature glue.
According to the liquid hydrogen spherical storage tank of the hydrogen energy unmanned aerial vehicle, further, the outer side of the foaming cold insulation layer is provided with a protective layer in a full-coverage manner; the protection layer comprises a fiber cloth layer and a dampproof paint layer from inside to outside along the radial direction of the spherical tank body.
According to the liquid hydrogen spherical storage tank of the hydrogen energy unmanned aerial vehicle, further, the foaming cold insulation layer comprises a plurality of sub-foaming cold insulation layers from inside to outside along the radial direction of the spherical tank body, and the sub-foaming cold insulation layers are bonded through low-temperature glue.
According to the liquid hydrogen spherical storage tank of the hydrogen energy unmanned aerial vehicle, further, the spherical tank body is made of aluminum, and the foaming cold insulation layer is a polyurethane foaming layer.
According to the liquid hydrogen spherical storage tank of the hydrogen energy unmanned aerial vehicle, further, the spherical tank body is connected with the vaporizer, one end of the vaporizer is communicated with the liquid space in the accommodating chamber of the spherical tank body through the liquid phase valve, and the other end of the vaporizer is communicated with the gaseous space in the accommodating chamber of the spherical tank body.
According to the liquid hydrogen spherical storage tank of the hydrogen energy unmanned aerial vehicle, further, the liquid hydrogen spherical storage tank further comprises a wave-proof structure; wherein, the wave-proof structure includes: the two ends of the central tube are respectively connected with the top and the bottom of the spherical tank body; the plurality of wave-proof plates are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the central tube, and each wave-proof plate is provided with a plurality of through holes.
According to the liquid hydrogen spherical storage tank of the hydrogen energy unmanned aerial vehicle, further, the top of the spherical tank body is connected with a gaseous hydrogen discharge pipeline extending into the accommodating chamber, and the bottom of the spherical tank body is connected with a liquid hydrogen main pipe extending into the accommodating chamber; wherein, the central tube is coaxial with the gaseous hydrogen discharge pipeline and the liquid hydrogen main pipe.
According to the liquid hydrogen spherical storage tank of the hydrogen energy unmanned aerial vehicle, further, the central pipe is sleeved outside the liquid hydrogen main pipe and fixedly connected with the shell of the spherical tank body, and the central pipe and the gaseous hydrogen discharge pipeline form a sliding pair with shaft hole fit or hole shaft fit in the axial direction of the central pipe.
According to the liquid hydrogen spherical storage tank of the hydrogen energy unmanned aerial vehicle, further, a plurality of liquid through holes are formed in the pipe wall of the central pipe, which is close to one end of the liquid hydrogen main pipe, so as to communicate the liquid hydrogen main pipe with the accommodating chamber; the pipe wall of the central pipe, which is close to one end of the gaseous hydrogen discharge pipeline, is provided with a plurality of vent holes so as to communicate the gaseous hydrogen discharge pipeline with the accommodating chamber.
According to the liquid hydrogen spherical storage tank of the hydrogen energy unmanned aerial vehicle, further, the sum of the areas of the liquid through holes is larger than the cross-sectional area of the liquid hydrogen main pipe.
After the technical scheme is adopted, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. through the tank body adopting the spherical structure, the wall thickness of the tank body can be made thinner, the volume of tank body materials is reduced, the purpose of controlling the dead weight of the liquid hydrogen spherical storage tank is realized, and moreover, the foaming cold insulation layer is adopted to insulate the cold of the spherical storage tank, so that the dead weight of the liquid hydrogen spherical storage tank can be reduced.
2. The low-temperature adhesive can be used for bonding two different materials, and meanwhile, the good elasticity can be kept at low temperature, so that the respective deformation caused by inconsistent linear expansion rates of the metal material of the spherical tank body and the nonmetal material of the foaming cold insulation layer at low temperature can be buffered, the service life of the foaming cold insulation layer is prolonged, and the phenomena of tearing and the like of the foaming cold insulation layer under the condition of self deformation are avoided. Thus, the cold insulation effect of the foaming cold insulation layer on the spherical tank body can be ensured.
3. The spherical tank body is provided with the self-pressurization device, the pressure can be regulated according to the requirements of the hydrogen energy unmanned aerial vehicle on fuel under different working conditions, the volume and the weight increase caused by external pressurization can be avoided through the structure, and the dead weight of the liquid hydrogen spherical storage tank of the hydrogen energy unmanned aerial vehicle is further reduced.
4. The spherical tank body with the spherical structure can effectively stabilize the gravity center position, and is favorable for the flight safety of the hydrogen energy unmanned aerial vehicle.
5. The wave-proof structure is arranged in the spherical tank body, so that fluctuation and impact of liquid hydrogen in the spherical tank body can be reduced, and the running stability of the hydrogen energy unmanned aerial vehicle is further improved.
The following describes the embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention. It is evident that the drawings in the following description are only examples, from which other drawings can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without the inventive effort. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a liquid hydrogen sphere tank in an exemplary embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a structure of a cold insulation layer;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing an internal structure of a liquid hydrogen spherical tank in another exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along A-A in FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a partial schematic view in section taken from B-B in FIG. 3;
FIG. 6 is a partial schematic view in section taken along the direction C-C in FIG. 3;
FIG. 7 is a partial schematic view in section taken along D-D in FIG. 3;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the structure of a liquid hydrogen sphere tank in yet another exemplary embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 9 is a partial enlarged view at I in fig. 8.
In the figure:
1. A spherical tank body; 11. a liquid hydrogen filling line; 12. a liquid hydrogen discharge line; 13. a gaseous hydrogen discharge line; 14. a liquid hydrogen main pipe; 15. a hydrogen line rupture disk; 16. a hydrogen line safety valve; 17. a vaporizer; 18. a liquid phase valve; 19. an air inlet pipe;
2. foaming cold insulation layer;
3. Low-temperature glue;
4. A protective layer; 41. a fiber cloth layer; 42. a moisture resistant paint layer;
5. A wave-proof structure; 51. a central tube; 511. a liquid through hole; 512. a vent hole; 52. a wave shield; 521. a through hole;
6. A support structure; 61. a pallet assembly; 611. an upper supporting plate; 612. a lower support plate; 62. a connecting rod assembly; 621. an upper connecting rod; 622. a lower connecting rod; 623. a fixed rod; 624. a pin shaft; 625. a through hole; 626. an elastic member; 627. a fixing member; 63. a support leg; 631. a web; 632. rib plates; 633. bottom plate, 634, fixed connection hole.
It should be noted that these drawings and the written description are not intended to limit the scope of the inventive concept in any way, but to illustrate the inventive concept to those skilled in the art by referring to the specific embodiments.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions in the embodiments will be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and the following embodiments are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
As shown in fig. 1 to 7, an exemplary embodiment of the present invention provides a liquid hydrogen spherical storage tank of a hydrogen energy unmanned aerial vehicle. The liquid hydrogen spherical storage tank is arranged at the position of the body of the hydrogen energy unmanned aerial vehicle. The flying height of the hydrogen energy unmanned aerial vehicle is generally about 20000m, the ambient temperature is about-56 ℃, and the ambient pressure is about 5500KPa.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the liquid hydrogen spherical tank includes a spherical tank body 1 having a containing chamber for containing liquid hydrogen and a foamed cold insulation layer 2 bonded to an outer wall of the spherical tank body 1 by a low-temperature glue 3 in a full-coverage manner.
The spherical tank body 1 adopts a spherical structure, is uniformly stressed, has the minimum internal stress of the tank wall of the spherical tank body 1 and the minimum wall thickness under the condition of the same diameter and the same pressure, is about half of the cylindrical tank body, and can effectively reduce the self weight of the liquid hydrogen spherical storage tank. As an example, the spherical tank 1 may be made of high-strength aluminum material, so that the spherical tank 1 is further high in strength, thin in wall thickness, low in material density and light in weight.
In some embodiments, when designing the spherical tank body 1, the method can be performed according to the requirement that the working pressure of the hydrogen spherical tank is approximately 0.6MPa and the tensile strength of the aluminum material at low temperature is more than 600 MPa. For example, the wall thickness of the spherical tank 1 is about 4 to 5mm, and the volume of the spherical tank 1 is about 30m 3.
In addition, under the same volume and the same pressure, the spherical tank body 1 has the advantages of minimum surface area, small heat transfer area, effective reduction of heat transfer with the environment and beneficial evaporation rate control.
In addition, the outer wall of the spherical tank body 1 is adhered with the foaming cold insulation layer 2 through the low-temperature glue 3, so that the heat transfer between the spherical tank body 1 and the environment can be further reduced. The foaming cold insulation layer 2 adopts stacked cold insulation, the cold insulation material has small density, the weight of the whole liquid hydrogen spherical storage tank is effectively reduced, and the storage weight ratio of the liquid hydrogen spherical storage tank is improved. As an example, the foamed cold insulation layer 2 is a polyurethane foamed layer. It has the beneficial effects of high cold insulation performance and easy obtainment.
The low-temperature adhesive 3 can bond two different materials, can keep better elasticity at low temperature, can buffer the respective deformation caused by inconsistent linear expansion rates of the metal material of the spherical tank body 1 and the nonmetal material of the foaming cold insulation layer 2 at low temperature, improves the service life of the foaming cold insulation layer 2, and avoids the phenomena of tearing and the like of the foaming cold insulation layer 2 under the condition of self deformation. This ensures the cold insulation effect of the foamed cold insulation layer 2 on the spherical tank 1.
By way of example, the thickness of the low-temperature glue 3 is approximately 3 to 10mm, and the thickness of the foamed cold insulation layer 2 is approximately 150 to 180mm.
In some embodiments, the foamed cold insulation layer 2 comprises a plurality of sub-foamed cold insulation layers from inside to outside along the radial direction of the spherical tank body 1, and the plurality of sub-foamed cold insulation layers are bonded by low-temperature glue.
Specifically, the foaming cold insulation layer 2 can be sprayed for multiple times to form a plurality of sub-foaming cold insulation layers, the thickness of each sub-foaming cold insulation layer can be controlled to be approximately 30-40 mm, and the layers are adhered through low-temperature glue.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 2, the outer side of the foamed cold insulation layer 2 is provided with a protective layer 4 in full coverage; wherein, the protective layer 4 comprises a fiber cloth layer 41 and a dampproof paint layer 42 from inside to outside along the radial direction of the spherical tank body 1.
Specifically, the fiber cloth layer 41 can effectively increase the strength of the foamed cold insulation layer 2, and prevent damage to the foamed cold insulation layer 2 by collision of external hard objects. The moisture-proof paint layer 42 prevents condensation of water vapor in the environment, and the water vapor enters the foamed cold insulation layer 2 to cause a decrease in cold insulation performance and an increase in the weight of the liquid hydrogen spherical tank itself.
By way of example, the thickness of the fibrous cloth layer 41 is approximately 3mm and the thickness of the moisture-proof paint layer 42 is approximately 1 to 2mm.
It should be noted that the materials of the fiber cloth layer 41 and the moisture-proof paint layer 42 are well known in the art, and the present invention is not limited thereto.
In some embodiments, the spherical tank body 1 is further provided with a pressure transmitter and a liquid level transmitter, so that the pressure and liquid level change condition in the spherical tank body 1 can be monitored, and the safety of the liquid hydrogen spherical tank can be ensured.
The spherical tank body 1 is also provided with a liquid port and an air port. Two fuel supply modes of the liquid path and the gas path can be realized, and the requirements of the hydrogen energy unmanned aerial vehicle on fuel under different working conditions are met.
Specifically, the bottom of the spherical tank body 1 is connected with a liquid hydrogen filling pipe 11 and a liquid hydrogen discharge pipe 12, and the top of the spherical tank body 1 is connected with a gaseous hydrogen discharge pipe 13. Optionally, a liquid hydrogen filling valve, a liquid hydrogen discharge valve and a gaseous hydrogen discharge valve are provided on the liquid hydrogen filling line 11 and the gaseous hydrogen discharge line 13, respectively.
As an example, a liquid hydrogen main pipe 14 is connected to the bottom of the spherical tank body 1, and a liquid hydrogen filling pipe 11 and a liquid hydrogen discharge pipe 12 are connected to the liquid hydrogen main pipe 14 through three-way valves.
In addition, a hydrogen pipeline rupture disk 15 and a hydrogen pipeline safety valve 16 are also connected to the gaseous hydrogen discharge pipeline 13 so as to improve the safety performance of the liquid hydrogen spherical storage tank.
In some embodiments, the spherical tank body 1 is further provided with a self-pressurization device, so that the pressure can be adjusted according to the requirements of the hydrogen energy unmanned aerial vehicle on fuel under different working conditions. At the same time, the structure can avoid the increase of volume and weight caused by external pressurization.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, a vaporizer 17 is connected to the spherical tank 1, one end of the vaporizer 17 communicates with a liquid space in the accommodating chamber of the spherical tank 1 through a liquid phase valve 18, and the other end of the vaporizer 17 communicates with a gaseous space in the accommodating chamber of the spherical tank 1. When the spherical tank body 1 is used, the vaporizer 17 and the liquid phase valve 18 are both set to be in an open state, liquid hydrogen enters the vaporizer 17, the vaporizer 17 uses the atmospheric environment as a heat source, the liquid hydrogen exchanges heat with air to be converted into gaseous hydrogen, and the gaseous hydrogen enters an upper gaseous space of the accommodating chamber through the air inlet pipe 19, so that the pressure of the gaseous space is increased, and the pressure in the spherical tank body 1 is increased. With the continuous outflow of the liquid hydrogen, the liquid level in the spherical tank 1 is continuously lowered, and the gaseous space is continuously enlarged, so that the pressure in the spherical tank 1 is continuously increased by the vaporizer 17 to reach the required pressure.
When gaseous hydrogen is required as fuel and consumption is small, the liquid hydrogen in the spherical tank body 1 can be naturally vaporized by a temperature difference from the external environment and the liquid hydrogen medium to form a certain amount of gaseous hydrogen and discharged through the gaseous hydrogen discharge pipe 13. When gaseous hydrogen is needed as fuel and consumption is large, the vaporizer 17 can be used for further utilizing heat of the atmosphere environment to realize evaporation of liquid hydrogen to provide gaseous fuel medium, so that the liquid hydrogen spherical storage tank is more suitable for actual use conditions of the hydrogen energy unmanned plane in two working states of storage and use, and the fuel is more reasonably and effectively used.
In addition, the spherical tank body 1 with the spherical structure can effectively stabilize the gravity center position, and is beneficial to the flight safety of the hydrogen energy unmanned aerial vehicle.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the liquid hydrogen sphere tank further comprises a wave preventing structure 5. The wave preventing structure 5 includes a central tube 51 and a plurality of wave preventing plates 52. The two ends of the central tube 51 are respectively connected with the top and the bottom of the spherical tank body 1; the plurality of swash plates 52 are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the central tube 51, and a plurality of through holes 521 are provided in each swash plate 52.
In the scheme, through setting up wave-proof structure 5 in spherical jar body 1, can reduce the fluctuation and the impact of the inside liquid hydrogen of spherical jar body 1, improve the stability that hydrogen energy unmanned aerial vehicle was gone.
As an example, the plurality of swash plates 52 may have a rectangular structure, and are welded uniformly at the outer wall of the central tube 51 in the circumferential direction. The swash plates 52 are provided in four pieces, for example, and referring to fig. 4, each swash plate 52 is provided with a plurality of through holes 521, which are advantageous in maintaining the temperature and pressure balance of the liquid hydrogen in each region of the accommodating chamber.
In the above scheme, the central tube 51 can realize the fixing and supporting functions of the wave-preventing plates 52, and the four wave-preventing plates 52 are uniformly arranged, so that the influence of bending moment of the central tube 51 due to the gravity action of the wave-preventing plates 52 can be effectively reduced.
In some embodiments, the gaseous hydrogen vent line 13 extends from the top of the spherical tank 1 into the containment chamber, and the liquid hydrogen main 14 extends from the bottom of the spherical tank 1 into the containment chamber. The center pipe 51 is disposed coaxially with the gaseous hydrogen discharge pipe 13 and the liquid hydrogen main pipe 14.
In the above scheme, the central pipe 51 penetrates through the bottom to the top of the spherical tank body 1, so that the probability of temperature stratification inside the liquid hydrogen spherical tank is reduced.
In some embodiments, a plurality of liquid holes 511 are formed on the pipe wall of the central pipe 51 near one end of the main liquid hydrogen pipe 14, so as to communicate the main liquid hydrogen pipe 14 with the accommodating chamber; the wall of the central tube 51 near one end of the gaseous hydrogen exhaust pipe 13 is provided with a plurality of vent holes 512 for communicating the gaseous hydrogen exhaust pipe 13 with the accommodating chamber.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 3, when liquid hydrogen is filled into the spherical tank 1, the liquid passing hole 511 allows the liquid hydrogen to smoothly enter the accommodating chamber. The liquid passing hole 511 allows the liquid hydrogen to be smoothly discharged from the accommodating chamber when the liquid hydrogen is discharged to the outside using the self-pressurizing function or the liquid hydrogen fuel is discharged to the outside as needed. When the gaseous hydrogen is discharged to the outside, the vent hole 512 can smoothly discharge the gaseous hydrogen from the accommodating chamber, keep the gaseous space smooth, and ensure the balance of the pressure and the liquid level in the central tube 51 and the spherical tank body 1 as a whole.
As an example, as shown in fig. 5 and 6, the liquid holes 511 are opened on two cross sections of the bottom pipe wall of the central pipe 51, and four liquid holes 511 are opened on the same cross section, and the area of the eight liquid holes 511 and the area larger than the cross section of the main liquid hydrogen pipe 14 ensure that the liquid hydrogen smoothly circulates between the central pipe 51 and the accommodating chamber of the spherical tank body 1. Optionally, eight access holes 511 are located in different radial directions. As shown in fig. 7, the cross section of the top pipe wall of the central pipe 51 is perforated, and four vent holes 512 are formed in the same cross section, so that smooth communication of gaseous hydrogen between the central pipe 51 and the accommodating chamber of the spherical tank body 1 is ensured.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 3, the central tube 51 is fixedly connected with the housing of the spherical tank body 1, and the central tube 51 and the gaseous hydrogen exhaust pipeline 13 form a sliding pair with shaft hole fit or hole shaft fit in the axial direction of the central tube 51.
As an example, the bottom of the central tube 51 is welded on the bottom shell of the spherical tank body 1, the upper end of the central tube can slide at the end of the gaseous hydrogen discharge pipeline 13, the cold shrinkage amount is reserved, the internal stress caused by the temperature gradient is reduced, and the safety of the whole structure of the liquid hydrogen spherical tank is improved.
The foaming cold insulation layer 2 and the protective layer 4 together form a cold insulation layer of the spherical tank body. In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 8, the liquid hydrogen spherical tank further comprises a stand-off structure 6 for supporting the spherical tank body 1. The stand-off structure 6 includes a pallet assembly 61, a connecting rod assembly 62, and a plurality of legs 63.
Specifically, the pallet assembly 61 includes an upper pallet 611 and a lower pallet 612, the upper pallet 611 and the lower pallet 612 being disposed on an upper half and a lower half of the cold insulation outer wall, respectively. The connecting rod assembly 62 is connected between the upper blade 611 and the lower blade 612, clamping the spherical tank 1 between the upper blade 611 and the lower blade 612. A plurality of legs 63 are respectively connected to the lower plate 612 for supporting the spherical tank body 1.
It should be noted that the support structure 6 is arranged at the outermost side of the cold barrier layer, for example outside the moisture barrier paint layer 42.
In the scheme, the support structure 6 is arranged outside the cold insulation layer, so that heat leakage caused by directly connecting the support legs 63 to the spherical tank body 1 is avoided, and the evaporation rate can be effectively reduced. Therefore, in the case that the evaporation rate is required to be constant, reducing the heat leakage means that the requirement for cold insulation of the cold insulation layer can be reduced, and thus the thickness of the cold insulation layer can be reduced, thereby reducing the weight of the whole equipment of the liquid hydrogen spherical storage tank, and also improving the hydrogen storage ratio of the liquid hydrogen spherical storage tank. In addition, the support structure 6 is arranged outside the cold insulation layer, so that the cold insulation layer and the spherical tank body 1 do not need to be damaged when the support structure 6 is maintained and replaced, the convenience is improved, and the cost of the whole equipment of the liquid hydrogen spherical storage tank can be reduced. In addition, the upper supporting plate 611 and the lower supporting plate 612 in the supporting structure 6 can better support the spherical tank body 1, so that the contact area among the upper supporting plate 611, the lower supporting plate 612 and the cold insulation layer is increased, the pressure intensity at the local point of the cold insulation layer is reduced, the cold insulation layer is ensured not to be crushed, and the generation of heat leakage is further avoided.
In some embodiments, the upper support plate 611 has a ring-shaped structure and has a first dimension along the latitudinal direction of the spherical tank body 1, and the upper support plate 611 surrounds the outer wall of the cold insulation layer along the longitudinal direction of the spherical tank body 1. The lower support plate 612 has an annular structure and has a second dimension along the latitude direction of the spherical tank 1, and the lower support plate 612 surrounds the outer wall of the cold insulation layer along the longitude direction of the spherical tank 1. Wherein the value of the second dimension is greater than the value of the first dimension.
In the above scheme, the upper supporting plate 611 and the lower supporting plate 612 are arranged to be annular structures, and the outer wall of the cold insulation layer is surrounded along the longitudinal direction of the spherical tank body 1, so that the supporting effect on the spherical tank body 1 can be improved, the gravity center position of the liquid hydrogen spherical storage tank can be effectively stabilized, and the flight safety of the unmanned aerial vehicle can be improved. Also, the size of the lower blade 612 is larger than that of the upper blade 611 in the latitudinal direction of the spherical tank body 1, which can further enhance the supporting effect on the spherical tank body 1.
Alternatively, the first dimension of the upper pallet 611 in the latitudinal direction of the spherical tank body 1 ranges from (1/4 to 1/2) S, and the second dimension of the lower pallet 612 in the latitudinal direction of the spherical tank body 1 ranges from (1/3 to 3/4) S, where S is the latitudinal direction dimension of the spherical tank body 1 as shown in fig. 8.
In the above-mentioned scheme, the sizes of the upper supporting plate 611 and the lower supporting plate 612 in the latitudinal direction along the spherical tank body 1 are limited within a reasonable range, so that on one hand, the increase of the dead weight of the liquid hydrogen spherical tank due to the oversized size can be avoided, and on the other hand, the undersize can be avoided, so that the spherical tank body 1 cannot be supported sufficiently.
In some embodiments, the distance between the plane of the upper edge of the upper support plate 611 and the top of the spherical tank body 1 ranges from (1/3 to 1/2) R, and the distance between the plane of the lower edge of the lower support plate 612 and the bottom of the spherical tank body 1 ranges from (1/4 to 1/3) R; wherein, as shown in fig. 8, R is the radius of the spherical tank 11.
In the above-described scheme, the arrangement positions of the upper plate 611 and the lower plate 612 are defined by defining the distance between the plane in which the upper edge of the upper plate 611 is located and the top of the spherical tank body 1 and the distance between the plane in which the lower edge of the lower plate 612 is located and the bottom of the spherical tank body 1. The upper supporting plate 611 and the lower supporting plate 612 are arranged at reasonable positions, so that the situation that the upper supporting plate 611 and the lower supporting plate 612 are too close or too far to support the spherical tank body 1 well can be avoided.
In some embodiments, the upper plate 611 and the lower plate 612 are made of a nonmetallic material with low density and high strength, such as a carbon fiber material, so as to further reduce the dead weight of the liquid hydrogen spherical tank.
In some embodiments, the connecting rod assembly 62 includes:
a plurality of upper connection bars 621 connected to the upper pallet 611 so as to be dispersed in the longitudinal direction of the spherical tank 1;
a plurality of lower connection bars 622 connected to the lower plate 612 in a position-matched manner with the plurality of upper connection bars 621;
A plurality of fixing rods 623, a first end of each fixing rod 623 is connected to the upper connecting rod 621, and a second end of each fixing rod 623 is connected to a lower connecting rod 622 mated with the upper connecting rod 621.
As shown in fig. 8, the upper and lower connection bars 621 and 622 may extend substantially in a horizontal direction, and the fixing bar 623 may extend substantially in a vertical direction.
Alternatively, four upper connection bars 621 are connected to the upper pallet 611 substantially uniformly in the longitudinal direction of the spherical tank body 1. In response, four lower link bars 622 are connected to the lower pallet 612 substantially uniformly in the longitudinal direction of the spherical tank 1. Each of the upper and lower connection bars 621 and 622 is connected by a fixing bar 623.
In some embodiments, the first end of the fixing rod 623 is rotatably connected to the upper connecting rod 621 in a direction approaching/separating from the cold insulation layer, and the second end of the fixing rod 623 is limitedly connected to the lower connecting rod 622 in a direction approaching/separating from the cold insulation layer.
In the above-mentioned scheme, the first end and the upper connecting rod 621 of dead lever 623 are rotated along being close to/keeping away from the direction of cold insulation layer and are connected, the second end and the lower connecting rod 622 of dead lever 623 are along being close to/keeping away from the direction of cold insulation layer spacing is connected, thereby when splendid attire liquid hydrogen appears the shrink phenomenon in spherical jar body 1, the rotation at dead lever 623 both ends is connected with spacing and is cooperated with the dimensional change that can effectively absorb expend with heat and contract with cold and arouse, avoid support structure 6 to destroy the cold insulation layer because the deformation that expend with heat and contract with cold takes place, guarantee the holistic fastness of liquid hydrogen spherical storage tank.
As an example, a first end of the fixing lever 623 is connected to the upper connecting lever 621 through a pin 624; the lower connection rod 622 is provided with a through hole having a set length in a direction approaching/separating from the cold insulation layer, and the second end of the fixing rod 623 passes through the through hole and is fixed to the lower connection rod 622 by an elastic member 626 and a fixing member 627. Optionally, the elastic member 626 is a disc spring, and the fixing member 627 is a nut.
In the above scheme, due to the cold shrinkage effect of the liquid hydrogen medium, when the spherical tank body 1 is filled with liquid hydrogen, the spherical tank body can shrink, and the second end of the fixing rod 623 is provided with the elastic element such as the disc spring, so that the dimensional change caused by thermal expansion and cold shrinkage can be effectively absorbed, the cold insulation layer is prevented from being damaged due to the deformation of the support structure 6 caused by thermal expansion and cold shrinkage, and the whole firmness of the liquid hydrogen spherical tank is ensured.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 9, the upper connecting rod 621 and the lower connecting rod 622 are, for example, cantilevered in posture. The free end of the upper connecting rod 621 is a U-shaped open end, and shaft holes are formed in two side walls of the U-shaped open end, and the first end of the fixing rod 623 is also provided with a shaft hole. When the first end of the fixing rod 623 is installed, the first end of the fixing rod 623 is inserted into the U-shaped opening end, and the pin shaft 624 is inserted into the U-shaped opening end and the shaft hole of the fixing rod 623, so that the first end of the fixing rod 623 can rotate in a direction approaching/separating from the cold insulation layer. The free end of the lower connecting rod 622 may be a U-shaped opening end, and the two side walls of the U-shaped opening end may be provided with shaft holes, the fixing pin passes through the shaft holes on the two side walls of the U-shaped opening end, and the fixing pin and the U-shaped opening end enclose together to form a through hole 625 through which the second end of the fixing rod 623 passes. Optionally, the second end of the fixing rod 623 is threaded, and when the second end of the fixing rod 623 is installed, the second end of the fixing rod 623 is passed through the through hole 625, and then the second end of the fixing rod 623 is locked in the axial direction of the fixing rod 623 by adopting a disc spring and a nut, so that the second end of the fixing rod 623 can be limited and moved in a direction approaching/separating from the cold insulation layer.
Alternatively, the U-shaped opening end of the lower connecting rod 622 and the through hole 625 formed by the fixing pin have a length in a direction approaching/separating from the cold insulation layer approximately twice the diameter of the fixing rod 623.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 8, the leg 63 includes a web 631, a web 632, and a floor 633. Specifically, 4 supporting legs 63 consisting of a web 631, a rib plate 632 and a bottom plate 633 extend out of the outer surface of the lower supporting plate 612, and are fixed in the unmanned aerial vehicle cabin through fixing connection holes 634 on the bottom plate 633. Alternatively, the legs 63 may be made of a non-metallic material having a low density and high strength, such as a carbon fiber material.
The liquid hydrogen spherical storage tank provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. The spherical tank body 1 of the liquid hydrogen spherical storage tank adopts a spherical structure, and has the advantages of simple structure, good stress state and thin wall.
2. The center of the tank body with the spherical structure is stable, and the method is well applicable to the posture transformation state of the hydrogen energy unmanned aerial vehicle.
3. The spherical tank body 1 is made of high-strength aluminum material, and has high strength and light weight.
4. The exterior of the spherical tank body 1 adopts accumulation cold insulation, the cold insulation material is light, the weight of the whole equipment is effectively reduced, and the weight storage ratio is improved.
5. Gaseous hydrogen which is naturally evaporated from liquid hydrogen can be utilized to provide fuel, and the energy use efficiency is high.
6. The wave-proof structure 5 is arranged in the spherical tank body 1, so that fluctuation and impact of liquid hydrogen in the spherical tank body 1 can be reduced, and the running stability of the hydrogen energy unmanned aerial vehicle is improved.
7. The support structure is independent, and is not welded with the spherical tank body in an undetachable connection mode, so that the support structure is convenient to detach and does not damage the tank body structure.
8. The support structure is not in direct connection with the spherical tank body for storing liquid hydrogen, so that heat conduction can be effectively reduced, and evaporation rate can be reduced.
9. The support structure is made of nonmetallic materials with low density and high strength, such as carbon fiber materials, and the weight is controllable.
The foregoing description is only illustrative of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, but is to be construed as limiting the invention to any and all simple modifications, equivalent variations and adaptations of the embodiments described above, which are within the scope of the invention, may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a spherical storage tank of liquid hydrogen of hydrogen energy unmanned aerial vehicle which characterized in that includes:
A spherical tank having an accommodating chamber for accommodating liquid hydrogen;
The foaming cold insulation layer is adhered to the outer wall of the spherical tank body in a full-coverage manner through low-temperature glue, a protection layer is arranged on the outer side of the foaming cold insulation layer in a full-coverage manner, and the foaming cold insulation layer and the protection layer jointly form the cold insulation layer of the spherical tank body;
a standoff structure, the standoff structure comprising:
The support plate assembly comprises an upper support plate and a lower support plate, and the upper support plate and the lower support plate are respectively arranged on the upper half part and the lower half part of the outer wall of the cold insulation layer;
the connecting rod assembly is connected between the upper supporting plate and the lower supporting plate and clamps the spherical tank body between the upper supporting plate and the lower supporting plate; the connecting rod assembly includes:
a plurality of upper connection bars dispersedly connected to the upper pallet along the longitudinal direction of the spherical tank body;
the plurality of lower connecting rods are connected to the lower supporting plate in a position matched with the plurality of upper connecting rods;
The first end of each fixing rod is connected with the upper connecting rod, the second end of each fixing rod is connected with the lower connecting rod matched with the upper connecting rod, the first end of each fixing rod is rotationally connected with the upper connecting rod along the direction approaching/far from the cold insulation layer, and the second end of each fixing rod is in limit connection with the lower connecting rod along the direction approaching/far from the cold insulation layer;
and the supporting legs are respectively connected with the lower supporting plate and used for supporting the spherical tank body.
2. The liquid hydrogen spherical storage tank of the hydrogen energy unmanned aerial vehicle according to claim 1, wherein,
The protective layer comprises a fiber cloth layer and a dampproof paint layer from inside to outside along the radial direction of the spherical tank body.
3. The liquid hydrogen spherical storage tank of the hydrogen energy unmanned aerial vehicle according to claim 1, wherein,
The foaming cold insulation layer comprises a plurality of sub-foaming cold insulation layers from inside to outside along the radial direction of the spherical tank body, and the sub-foaming cold insulation layers are bonded through low-temperature glue.
4. The liquid hydrogen spherical storage tank of the hydrogen energy unmanned aerial vehicle according to claim 1, wherein,
The spherical tank body is made of aluminum materials, and the foaming cold insulation layer is a polyurethane foaming layer.
5. The liquid hydrogen spherical storage tank of the hydrogen energy unmanned aerial vehicle according to claim 1, wherein,
The spherical tank body is connected with a vaporizer, one end of the vaporizer is communicated with a liquid space in the accommodating chamber of the spherical tank body through a liquid phase valve, and the other end of the vaporizer is communicated with a gaseous space in the accommodating chamber of the spherical tank body.
6. The liquid hydrogen spherical storage tank of a hydrogen energy unmanned aerial vehicle of any of claims 1 to 5, wherein the liquid hydrogen spherical storage tank further comprises a wave-resistant structure;
wherein, the wave-proof structure includes:
The two ends of the central tube are respectively connected with the top and the bottom of the spherical tank body;
The plurality of wave-proof plates are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the central tube, and each wave-proof plate is provided with a plurality of through holes.
7. The liquid hydrogen spherical storage tank of the hydrogen energy unmanned aerial vehicle according to claim 6, wherein,
The top of the spherical tank body is connected with a gaseous hydrogen discharge pipeline extending into the accommodating chamber, and the bottom of the spherical tank body is connected with a liquid hydrogen main pipe extending into the accommodating chamber;
wherein, the central tube is coaxial with the gaseous hydrogen discharge pipeline and the liquid hydrogen main pipe.
8. The liquid hydrogen spherical storage tank of the hydrogen energy unmanned aerial vehicle according to claim 7, wherein,
The center pipe is sleeved outside the liquid hydrogen main pipe and fixedly connected with the shell of the spherical tank body, and the center pipe and the gaseous hydrogen discharge pipeline form a sliding pair with a shaft hole or a shaft hole in the axial direction of the center pipe.
9. The liquid hydrogen spherical storage tank of the hydrogen energy unmanned aerial vehicle according to claim 8, wherein,
A plurality of liquid through holes are formed in the pipe wall of the central pipe, which is close to one end of the liquid hydrogen main pipe, so as to communicate the liquid hydrogen main pipe with the accommodating chamber;
the pipe wall of the central pipe, which is close to one end of the gaseous hydrogen discharge pipeline, is provided with a plurality of vent holes so as to communicate the gaseous hydrogen discharge pipeline with the accommodating chamber.
10. The liquid hydrogen spherical storage tank of the hydrogen energy unmanned aerial vehicle according to claim 9, wherein,
The sum of the areas of the liquid through holes is larger than the cross-sectional area of the liquid hydrogen main pipe.
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| CN102216667A (en) * | 2008-09-23 | 2011-10-12 | 威罗门飞行公司 | Cryogenic liquid tank |
| CN212691484U (en) * | 2020-07-01 | 2021-03-12 | 无锡市冠星工业设备制造有限公司 | Low-temperature cryogenic container wave-proof mechanism |
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| US3583352A (en) * | 1968-12-24 | 1971-06-08 | Technigaz | Supporting device for self-carrying cylindrical or spherical storage tanks and its various applications |
| JP2005090720A (en) * | 2003-09-19 | 2005-04-07 | Yazaki Corp | Liquefied gas feeding device |
| US10302253B2 (en) * | 2016-06-28 | 2019-05-28 | Insultherm, Inc. | Insulated sphere, insulation system therefore, and method of installing same |
| CN114572396A (en) * | 2022-03-03 | 2022-06-03 | 哈尔滨工业大学重庆研究院 | Small-size unmanned aerial vehicle of fuel cell of low temperature hydrogen storage |
| CN115046128A (en) * | 2022-05-30 | 2022-09-13 | 中海石油气电集团有限责任公司 | Spherical liquid hydrogen storage tank |
| CN115199938A (en) * | 2022-08-10 | 2022-10-18 | 北京航天试验技术研究所 | Low-temperature storage tank |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102216667A (en) * | 2008-09-23 | 2011-10-12 | 威罗门飞行公司 | Cryogenic liquid tank |
| CN212691484U (en) * | 2020-07-01 | 2021-03-12 | 无锡市冠星工业设备制造有限公司 | Low-temperature cryogenic container wave-proof mechanism |
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