CN115747600A - Laser cladding self-healing ceramic reinforced wear-resistant alloy coating material, composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Laser cladding self-healing ceramic reinforced wear-resistant alloy coating material, composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a laser cladding self-healing ceramic reinforced wear-resistant alloy coating material, a composite material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the coating material comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 10-30% of nickel-based alloy powder; 70 to 90 percent of yttria-stabilized zirconia powder. According to the invention, 7% -8% of yttria-stabilized zirconia particles are used as a hard phase of the coating, so that the wear resistance of the coating can be obviously enhanced. Meanwhile, when the coating is in service at high temperature for a long time, 7% -8% of yttria-stabilized zirconia generates martensite phase transformation from tetragonal phase to monoclinic phase, so that 3% -5% of volume expansion of hard phase ceramic particles is generated, a certain amount of compressive stress is generated in the cladding layer, and formed microcracks are forced to heal or formed microcracks are inhibited. Compared with the existing surface self-healing coating, the micro-crack inhibition and self-healing of the invention can not only occur on the surface of the coating, but also the coating area with the temperature reaching the phase transition temperature can have the micro-crack healing and formation inhibition.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of coating protection, and particularly relates to a laser cladding self-healing ceramic reinforced wear-resistant alloy coating material, a composite material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
High-temperature corrosion and erosive wear of boiler wall pipes are always serious problems commonly existing in power systems. The ash particles contained in the coal-fired gas have a cutting effect on the pipe wall for a long time, the thinning amount is about 1mm and can reach 5-6 mm seriously according to statistics, serious potential safety hazards are generated on the operation of a boiler system, meanwhile, the temporary overhaul of a power plant is increased, and great economic loss is caused. After analyzing the reasons of high-temperature corrosion and erosive wear of the boiler pipe wall, non-surface protection and surface protection methods can be adopted, but the non-surface protection can only reduce the corrosion of the pipe wall to a certain extent, and cannot really prevent the high-temperature corrosion and erosive wear. The most direct and effective method is to cover the surface of the corroded component with a corrosion-resistant coating.
A common method to improve the wear resistance of alloy coatings today is to add hard phase particles, such as WC particles. The hardness of WC can reach 2700-3200 HV, and the hardness of a coating layer can be obviously improved. However, WC decomposes above 1000 ℃ to form a low hardness phase. In addition, the addition of the hard phase can cause the internal part of the coating to be easy to form micro-cracks, and the wear resistance is reduced. The research shows that silicon carbide and aluminum oxide can be added into the coating to form a surface crack self-healing coating. However, this is limited to self-healing of cracks on the coating surface, and the reaction of silicon carbide and aluminum oxide to form a glassy phase requires time and conditions to initiate, and under extremely severe wear conditions, the reaction is not as fast as possible before the coating surface is damaged. Therefore, it is urgently needed to develop a coating capable of realizing the self-healing effect of the whole coating, and a stress state of micro-crack self-healing is formed in an extremely harsh high-temperature abrasion environment, so that the aims of healing the micro-crack and prolonging the service life are fulfilled.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a laser cladding self-healing ceramic reinforced wear-resistant alloy coating material, a composite material and a preparation method thereof.
The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical means:
a laser cladding self-healing ceramic reinforced wear-resistant alloy coating material comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
10-30% of nickel-based alloy powder;
70 to 90 percent of yttria-stabilized zirconia powder.
Preferably, the yttria-stabilized zirconia powder contains 7 to 8 mass percent of yttria.
Preferably, the nickel-based alloy powder is 7-series and/or 8-series nickel-based alloy powder.
The preparation method of the laser cladding self-healing ceramic reinforced wear-resistant alloy coating material comprises the following steps:
and ball-milling the dried nickel-based alloy powder and the yttria-stabilized zirconia powder to mechanically combine the nickel-based alloy powder and the yttria-stabilized zirconia powder to obtain the laser cladding self-healing ceramic reinforced wear-resistant alloy coating material.
Preferably, when the dried nickel-based alloy powder and the yttria-stabilized zirconia powder are subjected to ball milling, stainless steel grinding balls with different diameters are adopted, the diameter range of the stainless steel grinding balls is 6-20 mm, the ball material ratio is 10, the rotation speed is 250r/min, and the ball milling time is 0.5-1 hour.
Preferably, the particle size of the dried nickel-based alloy powder is 30-100 μm, and the particle size of the dried yttria-stabilized zirconia powder is 15-40 μm;
the stainless steel grinding balls comprise stainless steel grinding balls with the diameter of 6mm, stainless steel grinding balls with the diameter of 10mm and stainless steel grinding balls with the diameter of 20mm, and the number ratio of the stainless steel grinding balls with the diameter of 6mm to the stainless steel grinding balls with the diameter of 10mm to the stainless steel grinding balls with the diameter of 20mm is (2-4), (30-50) and (160-200).
Preferably, the nickel-based alloy powder and the yttria-stabilized zirconia powder are dried at a drying temperature of 100 to 150 ℃ for 1 to 2 hours.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the composite material, which comprises the following steps:
the laser cladding self-healing ceramic reinforced wear-resistant alloy coating material is melted on the surface of a matrix by using a laser cladding method to form a coating, so that the composite material is obtained.
Preferably, during laser cladding, the laser power is 700-1200W, the welding speed is 2-5 mm/s, and the lap joint rate is 40-50%.
The invention also provides a composite material, which is prepared by the preparation method, and the abrasion loss of the coating relative to the nickel-based alloy coating is reduced by 20-40%.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, 7wt% -8 wt% of yttria-stabilized zirconia particles are used as a hard phase of the coating, so that the wear resistance of the coating can be obviously enhanced. When the coating is in service at high temperature for a long time, 7-8 wt% of yttria-stabilized zirconia generates martensite phase transformation from tetragonal phase to monoclinic phase, so that 3-5% of volume expansion of hard phase ceramic particles is generated, a certain amount of compressive stress is generated in the cladding layer, and formed microcracks are forced to heal or formed microcracks are inhibited. Compared with the existing surface self-healing coating, the micro-crack inhibition and self-healing of the invention can not only occur on the surface of the coating, but also the whole coating can generate the healing and formation inhibition of the micro-crack when the temperature reaches the phase transition temperature, thereby realizing the purposes of greatly improving the wear resistance and prolonging the service life of the component in a very harsh environment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of the wear profile of an IN718 weld layer;
FIG. 2 is a wear profile of the cladding layer of example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a wear profile of the cladding layer of example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a wear profile of the cladding layer of example 3 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described below with reference to examples.
The laser cladding self-healing ceramic reinforced wear-resistant alloy coating material is mainly used for extremely poor service environment with ultrahigh temperature corrosion and erosion wear characteristics of boiler tubes in an electric power system, ceramic particles with martensite phase transformation toughening are added into a nickel-based alloy coating, so that a cladding layer has the capability of inhibiting microcrack and microcrack self-healing, and the powder raw materials comprise yttrium oxide stabilized zirconia particles and nickel-based alloy powder in percentage by mass: the nickel base alloy powder content is 70-90%, and the yttria-stabilized zirconia powder content is 10-30%. Wherein, the mass content of the yttria in the yttria-stabilized zirconia powder is 7 to 8 percent. The particle size of the nickel base alloy powder raw material is 30-100 mu m, and the particle size of the yttria-stabilized zirconia powder raw material is 15-40 mu m.
The preparation method of the laser cladding self-healing ceramic reinforced wear-resistant alloy coating material comprises the following steps:
step 1: putting the nickel-based alloy powder, the yttria-stabilized zirconia particles and the ball milling tank into an oven, and drying for 1-2 hours at 120 ℃;
step 2: weighing nickel-based alloy powder and yttria-stabilized zirconia particles according to a proportion, and adding the weighed nickel-based alloy powder and yttria-stabilized zirconia particles into a clean ball milling tank;
and 3, step 3: adding 2-4 stainless steel balls with the diameter of 20mm, 30-50 stainless steel balls with the diameter of 10mm and 160-200 stainless steel balls with the diameter of 6mm into a ball milling tank according to the ball-material ratio of 10;
and 4, step 4: symmetrically installing ball milling tanks in a ball mill;
and 5: setting parameters for ball milling, wherein the ball milling time is 0.5-1 hour, specifically, the ball milling time is determined based on the granularity and the proportion of the nickel-based alloy and the ceramic powder, and can be determined by technicians according to specific conditions;
and 6: after ball milling is finished, taking out powder, drying and reserving, wherein in the powder obtained by the invention, yttrium oxide stabilized zirconia particles and nickel-based alloy powder are mechanically combined into a main body after ball milling;
and 7: selecting a heat-resistant steel base plate, removing an oxide layer and impurities on the surface of the heat-resistant steel plate by using sand paper, and removing oil stains and water stains on the surface of the heat-resistant steel by using acetone for wiping. Wherein, the heat-resistant steel matrix can adopt austenitic heat-resistant steel;
and step 8: putting the powder obtained in the step 6 into a powder feeder, and feeding the powder by using 99.99% Ar, wherein the gas flow rate is 5-12L/min: and (4) fusing the powder on the surface of the heat-resistant steel substrate treated in the step (7) by using a laser cladding method to obtain the coating. The laser power during laser cladding is 700-1200W, the welding speed is 2-5 mm/s, and the lap joint rate is 40% -50%. During laser cladding, yttria-stabilized zirconia particles exist in a metastable tetragonal phase. In the obtained coating, phase change can occur as long as the temperature reaches the region of the phase transition temperature of the zirconia ceramic, and the effects of micro-crack inhibition and self-healing are formed.
Example 1
By mass percent, the laser cladding self-healing ceramic reinforced wear-resistant alloy coating material comprises: IN718 powder 80%; 7% by weight of yttria-stabilized zirconia powder 20%. And preparing a cladding layer by adopting laser cladding equipment.
Step 1: putting IN718 powder, 7wt% of yttria-stabilized zirconia powder and a ball milling tank into an oven, and drying for 1 hour at 120 ℃;
step 2: weighing IN718 powder and 7wt% of yttria-stabilized zirconia powder according to a ratio of 8;
and step 3: adding 2 stainless steel balls with the diameter of 20mm, the diameter of 50 mm and the diameter of 6mm into a ball milling tank according to a ball-to-material ratio of 10;
and 4, step 4: the ball milling tanks are symmetrically arranged on the ball mill;
and 5: setting parameters for ball milling, wherein the rotating speed is 250r/min, and the ball milling time is 1 hour;
and 6: and taking out the powder after the ball milling is finished, and drying.
And 7: selecting a 022Cr19Ni10 heat-resistant steel plate, removing an oxide layer and impurities on the surface of the heat-resistant steel plate by using sand paper, and removing oil stains and water stains on the surface of the heat-resistant steel plate by using acetone for wiping.
And step 8: placing the powder obtained in step 6 into a powder feeder, and feeding the powder with 99.99% Ar with a gas flow rate of 5L/min.
And step 9: and 7, melting the surface of the heat-resistant steel substrate treated in the step 7 by using a laser cladding technology to obtain the coating. The laser power is 1000W, the welding speed is 4mm/s, and the lap joint rate is 40%.
And (3) testing the abrasion resistance of the matrix and the cladding layer by using a friction abrasion tester. A pin disc mode is selected for abrasion test, and the cladding layer sample is a cylindrical sample with the diameter of 4.8mm and the height of 12.7 mm. The load selected for the friction and wear test is 100N, the time is 30min, and the rotating speed is 100r/min.
The abrasion loss of the IN718/7wt% yttria-stabilized zirconia composite coating obtained IN this example was reduced by 30% or more as compared with the IN718 cladding layer by a frictional wear test. The wear patterns of the IN718 cladding layer and the composite coating are shown IN FIGS. 1 and 2.
Example 2
By mass percent, the laser cladding self-healing ceramic reinforced wear-resistant alloy coating material comprises: IN718 powder 80%;7wt% yttria stabilized zirconia powder 20%;
step 1: putting IN718 powder, 7wt% of yttria-stabilized zirconia powder and a ball milling tank into an oven, and drying for 1 hour at 120 ℃;
and 2, step: weighing IN718 powder and 7wt% yttria-stabilized zirconia powder according to the ratio of 8, and adding the weighed materials into a clean ball milling tank;
and step 3: adding 2 stainless steel balls with the diameter of 20mm, the diameter of 40 mm and the diameter of 180 mm into a ball milling tank according to a ball-material ratio of 10;
and 4, step 4: the ball milling tanks are symmetrically arranged on the ball mill;
and 5: setting parameters for ball milling, wherein the rotating speed is 250r/min, and the ball milling time is 0.5 hour;
and 6: taking out the powder after ball milling and drying;
and 7: selecting a 022Cr19Ni10 heat-resistant steel plate, removing an oxide layer and impurities on the surface of the steel plate by using sand paper, and removing oil stains and water stains on the surface of the heat-resistant steel by using acetone;
and 8: placing the powder obtained in step 6 into a powder feeder, and feeding the powder out with 99.99% Ar, gas flow 10L/min;
and step 9: and 7, melting the surface of the heat-resistant steel substrate treated in the step 7 by using a laser cladding technology to obtain the coating. The power is 900W, the welding speed is 3mm/s, and the lap joint rate is 50%.
And (3) testing the abrasion resistance of the matrix and the cladding layer by using a friction abrasion tester. The wear test was carried out in the form of a pin-disk, the weld-deposit specimen being a cylindrical specimen with a diameter of 4.8mm and a height of 12.7 mm. The friction pair is 45# steel. The load selected for the friction and wear test is 100N, the time is 30min, and the rotating speed is 100r/min.
The abrasion loss of the IN718/7wt% yttria-stabilized zirconia composite coating obtained IN this example was reduced by 40% or more as compared to the IN718 cladding layer by a fretting wear test. The wear profile of the composite coating is shown in fig. 3.
Example 3
The laser cladding self-healing ceramic reinforced wear-resistant alloy coating material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: IN718 powder 80%; 7% by weight of yttria-stabilized zirconia powder 20%.
Step 1: putting IN718 powder, 7wt% of yttria-stabilized zirconia powder and a ball milling tank into an oven, and drying for 1 hour at 120 ℃;
step 2: weighing IN718 powder and 7wt% yttria-stabilized zirconia powder according to the ratio of 8, and adding the weighed materials into a clean ball milling tank;
and step 3: adding 4 stainless steel balls with the diameter of 20mm, the diameter of 10mm and the diameter of 200 stainless steel balls with the diameter of 6mm into a ball milling tank according to a ball-material ratio of 10;
and 4, step 4: the ball milling tanks are symmetrically arranged on the ball mill;
and 5: setting parameters for ball milling, wherein the rotating speed is 250r/min, and the ball milling time is 0.5 hour;
step 6: and taking out the powder after ball milling and drying.
And 7: the method comprises the steps of selecting a 022Cr19Ni10 heat-resistant steel plate, removing an oxide layer and impurities on the surface of the heat-resistant steel plate by using sand paper, and wiping oil stains and water stains on the surface of the heat-resistant steel plate by using acetone.
And step 8: placing the powder obtained in step 6 into a powder feeder, and feeding the powder with 99.99% Ar, gas flow rate 15L/min.
And step 9: and 7, melting the surface of the heat-resistant steel substrate treated in the step 7 by using a laser cladding technology to obtain a coating. The laser power is 1200W, the welding speed is 3mm/s, and the lap joint rate is 50%.
And (3) testing the abrasion resistance of the matrix and the cladding layer by using a friction abrasion tester. The wear test was carried out in the form of a pin-disk, the weld-deposit specimen being a cylindrical specimen with a diameter of 4.8mm and a height of 12.7 mm. The friction pair is 45# steel. The load selected for the friction and wear test is 100N, the time is 30min, and the rotating speed is 100r/min.
The abrasion loss of the IN718/7wt% yttria-stabilized zirconia composite coating obtained IN this example was reduced by 20% or more as compared to the IN718 cladding layer by a fretting wear test. The wear profile of the composite coating is shown in fig. 4.
The embodiment shows that the process is simple and feasible, and the self-healing cladding layer has the performances of microcrack self-healing, high wear resistance and the like, and can meet the requirements of long service life and long maintenance period of high-temperature wear-resistant parts.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention. In addition to the above examples, the present invention can be variously embodied. All technical solutions formed by equivalent substitutions fall within the scope of the claimed invention.
Claims (10)
1. The laser cladding self-healing ceramic reinforced wear-resistant alloy coating material is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass:
10-30% of nickel-based alloy powder;
70 to 90 percent of yttria-stabilized zirconia powder.
2. The laser cladding self-healing ceramic-reinforced wear-resistant alloy coating material according to claim 1, wherein the yttria content in the yttria-stabilized zirconia powder is 7% to 8% by mass.
3. The laser cladding self-healing ceramic reinforced wear-resistant alloy coating material according to claim 1, wherein 7-series and/or 8-series nickel-base alloy powder is adopted as the nickel-base alloy powder.
4. The preparation method of the laser cladding self-healing ceramic reinforced wear-resistant alloy coating material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by comprising the following steps:
and ball-milling the dried nickel-based alloy powder and the yttria-stabilized zirconia powder to mechanically combine the nickel-based alloy powder and the yttria-stabilized zirconia powder to obtain the laser cladding self-healing ceramic reinforced wear-resistant alloy coating material.
5. The preparation method of the laser cladding self-healing ceramic reinforced wear-resistant alloy coating material according to claim 4, wherein stainless steel grinding balls with different diameters are adopted when the dried nickel-based alloy powder and the yttria-stabilized zirconia powder are subjected to ball milling, the diameter range of the stainless steel grinding balls is 6-20 mm, the ball-to-material ratio is 10, the rotation speed is 250r/min, and the ball milling time is 0.5-1 hour.
6. The preparation method of the laser cladding self-healing ceramic reinforced wear-resistant alloy coating material according to claim 5, wherein the particle size of the dried nickel-based alloy powder is 30-100 μm, and the particle size of the dried yttria-stabilized zirconia powder is 15-40 μm;
the stainless steel grinding balls comprise stainless steel grinding balls with the diameter of 6mm, stainless steel grinding balls with the diameter of 10mm and stainless steel grinding balls with the diameter of 20mm, and the number ratio of the stainless steel grinding balls with the diameter of 6mm to the stainless steel grinding balls with the diameter of 10mm to the stainless steel grinding balls with the diameter of 20mm is (2-4), (30-50) and (160-200).
7. The preparation method of the laser cladding self-healing ceramic reinforced wear-resistant alloy coating material according to claim 4, wherein the drying temperature is 100-150 ℃ and the drying time is 1-2 hours when the nickel-based alloy powder and the yttria-stabilized zirconia powder are dried.
8. The preparation method of the composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
melting the laser cladding self-healing ceramic reinforced wear-resistant alloy coating material of any one of claims 1 to 3 on the surface of a substrate by using a laser cladding method to form a coating, thereby obtaining the composite material.
9. The preparation method of the composite material according to claim 8, wherein during laser cladding, the laser power is 700-1200W, the welding speed is 2-5 mm/s, and the lap joint rate is 40-50%.
10. A composite material produced by the production method according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the wear of the coating layer is reduced by 20% to 40% relative to the wear of the nickel-based alloy coating layer.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116970940A (en) * | 2023-07-18 | 2023-10-31 | 长沙航空职业技术学院(空军航空维修技术学院) | Surface treatment process for laser cladding of aircraft parts |
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| CN111705288A (en) * | 2020-05-18 | 2020-09-25 | 山东金萃冶金技术有限公司 | Composite coating applied to gas grinding |
| CN114574857A (en) * | 2022-04-28 | 2022-06-03 | 中南大学湘雅医院 | Coating material and application thereof in field of surgical knife |
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2022
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JPS6353249A (en) * | 1986-08-22 | 1988-03-07 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | Roller for heat-treatment furnace |
| JPH09302438A (en) * | 1996-05-15 | 1997-11-25 | Toto Ltd | Nickel/ysz cermet and its manufacture |
| CN111705288A (en) * | 2020-05-18 | 2020-09-25 | 山东金萃冶金技术有限公司 | Composite coating applied to gas grinding |
| CN114574857A (en) * | 2022-04-28 | 2022-06-03 | 中南大学湘雅医院 | Coating material and application thereof in field of surgical knife |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116970940A (en) * | 2023-07-18 | 2023-10-31 | 长沙航空职业技术学院(空军航空维修技术学院) | Surface treatment process for laser cladding of aircraft parts |
| CN116970940B (en) * | 2023-07-18 | 2024-01-26 | 长沙航空职业技术学院(空军航空维修技术学院) | Surface treatment process for laser cladding of aircraft parts |
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Inventor after: Wang Meng Inventor after: Li Shengwen Inventor after: Wang Yanchao Inventor after: Zhang Guoqi Inventor after: Cheng Yefeng Inventor after: Wang Bo Inventor after: Zhang Hua Inventor after: Li Yan Inventor after: Yang Qiangbin Inventor after: Wang Qi Inventor after: Li Wei Inventor after: Liu Hejia Inventor after: Li Jutao Inventor after: Wang Chao Inventor after: Miao Zhibin Inventor after: Lou Zhengji Inventor after: Sun Qi Inventor after: Gao Zhuang Inventor before: Wang Meng Inventor before: Li Shengwen Inventor before: Wang Yanchao Inventor before: Zhang Guoqi Inventor before: Cheng Yefeng Inventor before: Wang Bo Inventor before: Zhang Hua Inventor before: Li Yan Inventor before: Yang Qiangbin Inventor before: Wang Qi Inventor before: Li Wei Inventor before: Liu Hejia Inventor before: Li Jutao Inventor before: Wang Chao Inventor before: Miao Zhibin Inventor before: Lou Zhengji Inventor before: Sun Qi Inventor before: Gao Zhuang |
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