CN115747538B - High-uniformity low-clearance nickel-titanium alloy large-size ingot casting smelting method - Google Patents
High-uniformity low-clearance nickel-titanium alloy large-size ingot casting smelting method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 150
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 229910001000 nickel titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 title claims description 22
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 44
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 30
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 210000003625 skull Anatomy 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- RZJQYRCNDBMIAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Zn].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn] Chemical class [Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Zn].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn] RZJQYRCNDBMIAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 18
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 8
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000365 skull melting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- HZEWFHLRYVTOIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ti].[Ni] Chemical compound [Ti].[Ni] HZEWFHLRYVTOIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001285 shape-memory alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003446 memory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011265 semifinished product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003681 vanadium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-uniformity low-clearance nickel-titanium alloy large-size ingot smelting method, which comprises the following steps: step S1: preparing a plurality of induction electrode blocks and a plurality of consumable electrode blocks, and step S2: smelting to obtain a plurality of uniform electrodes, and step S3: welding the auxiliary electrode, the uniform electrode and the consumable electrode blocks in sequence, and step S4: smelting to obtain a semi-finished ingot, and step S5: welding the auxiliary electrode, the uniform electrode and the semi-finished cast ingot in sequence, and performing a step S6: smelting to obtain a solidified shell ingot, and step S7: and finally, welding the auxiliary electrode, the uniform electrode and the solidified shell cast ingot in sequence, wherein the step S8 is as follows: smelting the solidified shell cast ingot to obtain a finished cast ingot; the invention ensures that the uniform electrode is not completely melted into a molten pool during smelting, avoids the participation of a conventional auxiliary electrode in smelting, influences the component content of the cast ingot, ensures that the finished cast ingot is matched with the preset ingredients, and ensures the consistency and stability of the ingredients and the performances among batches of the finished cast ingot.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of alloy ingot casting smelting, and particularly relates to a high-uniformity low-clearance nickel-titanium alloy large-size ingot casting smelting method.
Background
The nickel-titanium shape memory alloy is an important functional material, has excellent shape memory effect, superelasticity, corrosion resistance and biocompatibility, and can be widely applied to various fields of aerospace, electronics, medical treatment and the like. The phase transition temperature of the material is required to be extremely high for products with higher added value, such as driving products and medical intervention products, the phase transition temperature tolerance of batch products is controlled to be +/-5 ℃ generally, the content of gap elements C, O is required to be less than 0.05wt.%, and in order to ensure the stability of the functional characteristics of the batch products, increase the yield and reduce the cost, large-size cast ingots are required to be prepared, nickel-titanium alloy is very sensitive to components, and the phase transition temperature is reduced by 10 ℃ every 0.1 at/percent, so that the uniformity of the components of the cast ingots becomes the control difficulty in the smelting process.
The main methods of smelting nickel-titanium shape memory alloy in industrial production are vacuum consumable electrode smelting, vacuum induction smelting or a combination of both. The binary nickel-titanium alloy is mainly smelted by vacuum consumable smelting, and the multielement nickel-titanium alloy is higher in component uniformity due to trace additive elements and about 0.05-5 wt% of additive elements, and is mainly smelted by vacuum induction smelting or vacuum induction smelting plus vacuum consumable smelting.
The water-cooled copper crucible used for vacuum consumable electrode smelting has the advantages of high purity of cast ingots, large specification and the like, and has the defect of poor component uniformity, so that the phase transition temperatures of different parts of the cast ingots have large phase transition temperature differences, and the requirements of +/-5 ℃ of the phase transition temperature cannot be met completely. The vacuum induction smelting has the advantages that the uniformity of the components of the cast ingot obtained by smelting is good; the defects are that the vacuum induction smelting ingot is smaller, the production efficiency is low, the ingot riser is deeper, a large number of risers are needed to be cut off after smelting in order to prevent cracks and defects from being generated in the follow-up forging, and the yield is low; on the other hand, the pollution of crucible materials to nickel-titanium alloy inevitably occurs in vacuum induction melting, O element is introduced into a common oxide crucible, C impurity element is introduced into a graphite crucible, the service life of an induction melting crucible is short, and the oxide crucible is melted for less than 10 times according to production experience and is burnt and damaged. Although vacuum induction melting and vacuum consumable melting solve the defects of smaller vacuum induction melting specification and low yield, the defects of short service life of the crucible and impurity elements introduced into the crucible cannot be solved, and the requirement of low clearance cannot be met. Therefore, the prior industrial production of the nickel-titanium alloy has a technical barrier that high uniformity, large specification and low gap element content can not be achieved, and in order to promote the rapid development of the nickel-titanium intelligent material, the high-end nickel-titanium alloy smelting technology is urgently required to be broken through.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-uniformity low-clearance nickel-titanium alloy large-specification ingot smelting method, which aims to solve the technical barriers that the high-uniformity large-specification nickel-titanium alloy and the low-clearance element content cannot be obtained in the conventional industrial production.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme: a high-uniformity low-clearance nickel-titanium alloy large-size cast ingot smelting method comprises the following steps:
step S1: a layered distribution method is adopted to distribute materials in an electrode press, and a first layer of electrolytic nickel blocks, a first layer of titanium sponge particles, microelements, a second layer of titanium sponge particles and a second layer of electrolytic nickel blocks are sequentially arranged from bottom to top to prepare a plurality of induction electrode blocks and a plurality of consumable electrode blocks,
step S2: smelting the plurality of induction electrode blocks by utilizing a vacuum induction smelting furnace to obtain a plurality of uniform electrodes,
step S3: the auxiliary electrode, the uniform electrode and the plurality of consumable electrode blocks are welded in sequence,
step S4: smelting the consumable electrode blocks by using a vacuum consumable electrode smelting furnace to obtain a semi-finished cast ingot, stopping smelting when each consumable electrode block is completely smelted into a molten pool and the uniform electrode is not completely smelted into the molten pool during smelting,
step S5: sequentially welding the auxiliary electrode, the uniform electrode and the semi-finished cast ingot,
step S6: smelting the semi-finished cast ingot by using a vacuum skull smelting furnace to obtain a skull cast ingot, and stopping smelting when the semi-finished cast ingot is completely melted into a molten pool and the uniform electrode is not completely melted into the molten pool during smelting;
step S7: finally, welding the auxiliary electrode, the uniform electrode and the solidified shell cast ingot in sequence,
step S8: and smelting the solidified shell cast ingot by using a vacuum consumable electrode smelting furnace to obtain a finished cast ingot, and stopping smelting when the solidified shell cast ingot is completely melted into a molten pool and the uniform electrode is not completely melted into the molten pool during smelting.
Further, in step S4, the flash of the semi-finished ingot is cut, and the cut portion is welded to the side wall of the semi-finished ingot with the welding position close to the cutting position.
Further, in step S6, the flash of the solidified shell ingot is cut, and the cut portion is welded to the side wall of the solidified shell ingot with the welding position close to the cutting position.
Further, in step S3, the method of welding the plurality of consumable electrode blocks is comprised of the steps of:
forging and rolling the uniform electrode to obtain a rolled strip,
peeling and polishing the rolled strip,
and welding the auxiliary electrode, the uniform electrode and the consumable electrode blocks by using the rolled strip in sequence.
Further, the specification of the uniform electrode is phi 150-phi 250mm.
Further, parameters of the vacuum consumable electrode melting furnace in step S4 are as follows: the vacuum degree is less than or equal to 5Pa before smelting, the arc voltage is 10-30V, the smelting current is 5-12 KA, the alternating current arc stabilizing current is 5-12A, the alternating current stirring time is 5-14 seconds/time, the cooling time is more than or equal to 200min, and the argon filling pressure is 900-1000 Pa after cooling for 30min.
Further, parameters of the vacuum skull melting furnace in the step S6 are as follows: the smelting voltage is 25-50V, the smelting current is 12-50KA, the maximum liquid phase alloy homogenization maintaining time is 10-20 min, the highest temperature of the melt is 1400-1800 ℃, the casting temperature is above 1400 ℃, and the vacuum degree is maintained at 1.2 multiplied by 10 during casting -1 Pa。
Further, parameters of the vacuum consumable electrode melting furnace in step S8 are as follows: the vacuum degree is less than or equal to 5Pa before smelting, the arc voltage is 10-30V, the smelting current is 6-12 KA, the alternating current arc stabilizing current is 6-14A, the alternating current stirring time is 5-14 seconds/time, the cooling time is more than or equal to 250min, and the argon filling pressure is 900-1000 Pa after cooling for 30min.
Further, the raw material components in the step 1 are 45 to 60wt.% of nickel, 0 to 5wt.% of one or more of chromium, cobalt, copper, vanadium, aluminum, iron, aluminum or niobium, and the balance of titanium.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the method comprises the steps of firstly preparing an induction electrode block and a plurality of consumable electrode blocks by using the same preparation method, then obtaining uniform electrodes, sequentially welding the plurality of consumable electrode blocks with each other, sequentially welding a conventional auxiliary electrode, the uniform electrodes and the plurality of consumable electrode blocks, smelting to obtain a semi-finished cast ingot, then welding the conventional auxiliary electrode, the uniform electrodes and the semi-finished cast ingot again, smelting to obtain a solidified shell cast ingot, then welding the conventional auxiliary electrode, the uniform electrodes and the solidified shell cast ingot again, and finally smelting the solidified shell cast ingot to obtain a finished cast ingot;
2. the invention prepares a large-sized semi-finished ingot through a vacuum consumable electrode smelting furnace, and the semi-finished ingot has the problems of non-uniformity and high clearance, but the size of the obtained semi-finished ingot is large and can reach 400-3000kg;
3. remelting, stirring and purifying are carried out by a vacuum skull smelting furnace to obtain a skull cast ingot with high uniformity and low gap, so that elements in the skull cast ingot are uniformly distributed, and the impurity content is low;
4. the invention remelts the solidified shell cast ingot by a vacuum consumable electrode smelting technology, can completely eliminate defects formed in the casting process, and greatly improves the yield of finished cast ingot, thereby completely solving the technical defects of the vacuum solidified shell smelting technology;
5. according to the invention, the electrolytic nickel clamps the titanium sponge in the middle in a layered material distribution manner, so that the titanium sponge is prevented from falling off or being lost in the electrode pressing process;
6. the invention uses the uniform electrode with the same component content as the consumable electrode block to carry out smelting, and the uniform electrode is not completely molten into a molten pool during smelting, so that the conventional auxiliary electrode is prevented from participating in smelting and affecting the component content of the cast ingot, the cast ingot of the finished product is matched with the preset ingredients of the ingredients, the consistency and stability of the components and the performances among batches of the cast ingot of the finished product are ensured, and the yield of the material is greatly improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of smelting in accordance with the present invention;
fig. 2 shows a distribution pattern of step S1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
The invention discloses a high-uniformity low-clearance nickel-titanium alloy large-specification ingot smelting method, which is shown in fig. 1 and comprises the following steps:
step S1: the method comprises the steps of adopting a layered distribution method to distribute materials in an electrode press, and sequentially arranging a first layer of electrolytic nickel blocks, a first layer of titanium sponge particles, microelements, a second layer of titanium sponge particles and a second layer of electrolytic nickel blocks from bottom to top to prepare a plurality of induction electrode blocks and a plurality of consumable electrode blocks.
As shown in fig. 2, the electrolytic nickel clamps the titanium sponge in the middle in a layering material distribution manner, so that the titanium sponge is prevented from falling off or being lost in the electrode pressing process; because the titanium sponge belongs to particles, the titanium sponge is easy to fall off in the electrode pressing process, the phase transition temperature of the finished product ingot is finally influenced by influencing the content proportion of nickel and titanium in the ingot, and the titanium sponge is wrapped in electrolytic nickel, so that the slag falling of the titanium sponge in the electrode pressing process can be effectively prevented; the content of the additive element is extremely small in the middle, but the content is extremely sensitive to the influence of the phase transition temperature of the product, and trace elements are wrapped between the electrodes, so that the trace elements can be effectively prevented from falling off in the processes of electrode pressing, carrying or welding, and the quality of cast ingots is ensured.
Step S2: smelting a plurality of induction electrode blocks by using a vacuum induction smelting furnace to obtain a plurality of uniform electrodes, wherein the specification of the uniform electrodes is phi 150-phi 250mm; the reason for preparing the uniform electrode by the vacuum induction melting furnace is that the uniform electrode with uniform chemical composition can be prepared by the vacuum induction melting furnace, and the chemical composition of the uniform electrode is the same as that of the consumable electrode block.
Step S3: the auxiliary electrode, the uniform electrode and the plurality of consumable electrode blocks are welded in sequence,
step S4: smelting the consumable electrode blocks by using a vacuum consumable electrode smelting furnace to obtain a semi-finished cast ingot, stopping smelting when each consumable electrode block is completely smelted into a molten pool and the uniform electrode is not completely smelted into the molten pool during smelting,
step S5: welding the auxiliary electrode, the uniform electrode and the semi-finished cast ingot in sequence,
step S6: smelting the semi-finished cast ingot by using a vacuum skull smelting furnace to obtain a skull cast ingot, and stopping smelting when the semi-finished cast ingot is completely melted into a molten pool and the uniform electrode is not completely melted into the molten pool during smelting; in the step, a high-uniformity and low-clearance solidified shell cast ingot can be obtained after the smelting in the vacuum solidified shell smelting furnace.
Step S7: welding the auxiliary electrode, the uniform electrode and the solidified shell cast ingot in sequence,
step S8: smelting the solidified shell cast ingot by using a vacuum consumable electrode smelting furnace to obtain a finished cast ingot, and stopping smelting when the solidified shell cast ingot is completely melted into a molten pool and the uniform electrode is not completely melted into the molten pool during smelting; in the step, the solidified shell cast ingot is remelted after being smelted by a vacuum consumable electrode smelting furnace, and alloy defects formed in the casting process of the vacuum solidified shell smelting furnace are eliminated, so that a finished cast ingot with high yield, high uniformity, low clearance and large specification is obtained.
In step S4, the flash of the semi-finished ingot is cut, and the cut portion is welded to the side wall of the semi-finished ingot with the welding position close to the cutting position.
In step S6, the flash of the solidified shell ingot is cut, and the cut portion is welded to the side wall of the solidified shell ingot at a welding position close to the cutting position.
After smelting in the step S4 and the step S6, cutting burrs at the top of the ingot, leveling the head of the ingot, cleaning the outer surface of the ingot, and removing volatile matters and dirt, wherein the molten pool is small in the vacuum consumable smelting process, and raw materials are melted and solidified at the same time, so that the obtained ingot is uneven in composition, and therefore, the chemical composition difference of different parts of the ingot is large, and in order to prevent the ingot from deviating from the ingredients, the cut part is required to be welded at the side part of the ingot, so that the whole element content of the ingot is kept constant.
The raw material composition in the step 1 is 45-60 wt.% nickel, 0-5 wt.% one or more of chromium, cobalt, copper, vanadium, aluminum, iron, aluminum or niobium, and the balance titanium, and the raw material is 0A grade titanium sponge, ni9996 electrolytic nickel, high-purity elemental element or intermediate alloy.
The parameters of the vacuum induction melting furnace in the step S2 are as follows:
the power supply voltage is 500-550V, the power supply current is 40-60A, and the melting time is 15-20 min; the refining process parameters are as follows: the power supply voltage is 500-550V, the power supply current is 30-50A, and the refining time is 15-30 min.
The consumable electrode is not completely melted into the molten pool in the conventional vacuum consumable electrode melting process, and the consumable electrode with the length of about 50-20 mm is still fixed on the auxiliary electrode after the melting is finished, namely the auxiliary electrode cannot be melted into the molten pool, but the ratio of nickel, titanium and additive elements in different areas in the electrode block is different, if the consumable electrode cannot be completely melted into the molten pool in the melting process, the chemical components of the cast ingot obtained after the melting is finished and the designed ingredients have certain difference, so that the phase change temperature of the cast ingot cannot be accurately controlled, and the risk of the phase change temperature mismatch is increased.
Therefore, the consumable electrode with the same composition as the designed ingredients is prepared by the vacuum induction melting furnace to serve as the uniform electrode, the consumable electrode is welded with the consumable electrode and the conventional auxiliary electrode, the chemical composition of the cast ingot is not influenced even if the uniform electrode is melted into a molten pool in the later period of melting, and the consumable electrode is completely melted into the molten pool, so that the chemical composition of the cast ingot is completely consistent with the ingredients, the chemical composition of the cast ingot can be accurately controlled, the stability of the chemical composition between batches of cast ingots with the same ingredients is ensured, and the yield of products can be greatly improved.
In step S3, the method of welding the plurality of consumable electrode blocks is comprised of the steps of:
forging and rolling the uniform electrode to obtain a rolled strip,
peeling and polishing the rolled strip,
and welding the polished rolled strip and the plurality of consumable electrode blocks in sequence.
The invention selects the rolled strip with the same components after peeling and polishing for assembly welding when assembling and welding a plurality of consumable electrode blocks, so as to ensure that the welding process does not influence the chemical components of cast ingots.
The parameters of the vacuum consumable electrode smelting furnace in the step S4 are as follows:
the vacuum degree is less than or equal to 5Pa before smelting, the arc voltage is 10-30V, the smelting current is 5-12 KA, the alternating current arc stabilizing current is 5-12A, the alternating current stirring time is 5-14 seconds/time, the cooling time is more than or equal to 200min, and the argon filling pressure is 900-1000 Pa after cooling for 30min. The large-size semi-finished cast ingot is prepared through the step S4, and the semi-finished cast ingot has the problems of non-uniformity and high clearance, but the size of the obtained semi-finished cast ingot is large and can reach 400-3000kg.
The parameters of the vacuum skull smelting furnace in the step S6 are as follows:
the smelting voltage is 25-50V, the smelting current is 12-50KA, the maximum liquid phase alloy homogenization maintaining time is 10-20 min, the highest temperature of the melt is 1400-1800 ℃, the casting temperature is above 1400 ℃, and the vacuum degree is maintained at 1.2 multiplied by 10 during casting -1 Pa。
The semi-finished cast ingot is smelted by using the vacuum skull smelting furnace to obtain the skull cast ingot, the semi-finished cast ingot is completely melted in a water-cooled copper crucible of the vacuum skull smelting furnace, alloy components are homogenized under the action of electromagnetic stirring, and because the alloy melting rate is high in the vacuum skull smelting process, the smelting current is high, the temperature of an alloy solution is far higher than that of a vacuum consumable smelting solution, gap elements in the solution can be burnt to a great extent, so that the purification effect is achieved, the C content of the cast ingot is smaller than that of a raw material, and the problem of higher C content of the raw material can be solved to a certain extent. In addition, a uniform electrode is used in the smelting process, and the continuous smelting of the electrode is stopped when the semi-finished ingot is completely smelted into a molten pool and the uniform electrode is not completely smelted into the molten pool. Therefore, by reasonably controlling the technical parameters of the vacuum skull smelting process, a skull cast ingot with large specification, high uniformity and low gap can be prepared.
The parameters of the vacuum consumable electrode smelting furnace in the step S8 are as follows:
the vacuum degree is less than or equal to 5Pa before smelting, the arc voltage is 10-30V, the smelting current is 6-12 KA, the alternating current arc stabilizing current is 6-14A, the alternating current stirring time is 5-14 seconds/time, the cooling time is more than or equal to 250min, and the argon filling pressure is 900-1000 Pa after cooling for 30min.
The reason for using the vacuum consumable electrode melting furnace to remelt the solidified shell cast ingot is as follows: the cast shell smelting inevitably forms casting shrinkage cavity defects in the casting process, the defects are not easy to eliminate in a cutting mode, if the defects are not eliminated, the subsequent forging, rolling and drawing procedures of the cast ingot cannot be carried out, and the yield of products is seriously affected, so that the cast shell cast ingot is remelted by a vacuum consumable electrode smelting technology, the defects formed in the casting process can be completely eliminated, the yield of finished cast ingots is greatly improved, and the technical defects of the vacuum cast shell smelting technology are completely overcome.
Example 1
Taking 724.8kg of ternary nickel-titanium alloy cast ingot as an example, selecting a ternary nickel-titanium alloy cast ingot with the components of 55wt.% of Ni, 41wt.% of Ti and 4wt.% of V, wherein the electrolytic nickel as a raw material is Ni9996, the titanium sponge is 0A grade titanium sponge, and the V element is added in the form of a vanadium simple substance, and specifically comprises the following steps:
step S1: according to the components, the electrolytic nickel is prepared according to the weight of 433615.1g, 263813.5g of titanium sponge and 27371.37g of vanadium; according to the method, an upper layer and a lower layer are electrolytic nickel, a secondary outer layer is titanium sponge, the middle is V-element-type cloth, and a piezoelectric electrode is used for obtaining an induction electrode block and a consumable electrode block, wherein the specification of the consumable electrode block is L550 XW 480 XH 300mm.
Step S2: a vacuum induction melting furnace is used for preparing a uniform electrode with the specification of phi 200mm, and the induction melting and roughing process parameters are as follows: the power supply voltage is 524V, the power supply current is 50A, and the melting time is 18min; the refining process parameters are as follows: the power supply voltage was 531, the power supply current was 42A, and the refining time was 20 minutes.
Step S3: and welding a plurality of consumable electrode blocks, and welding the uniform electrode, the conventional auxiliary electrode with the same specification and the consumable electrode blocks together in a vacuum welding box to prepare 3 consumable electrode blocks carrying the uniform electrode and the auxiliary electrode, so as to ensure that the uniform electrode is positioned at the middle position.
Step S4: and (3) starting consumable smelting, wherein the vacuum degree of a furnace chamber before smelting is 3.1Pa, the arc voltage is 15V, the smelting current is 8KA, the alternating current arc stabilizing current is 8A, the alternating current stirring time is 10 seconds/time, the argon filling pressure is 950Pa after cooling for 30min, stopping smelting when consumable electrode blocks are completely molten into a molten pool and uniform electrodes are not completely molten into the molten pool, discharging after cooling for 250min, turning off flash at the top of an ingot, taking the head of the ingot as a standard, cleaning the outer surface of the ingot, removing volatile matters and dirt, and finally welding the turned-off part on the side part of the ingot to obtain a semi-finished ingot.
Step S5: welding the semi-finished product ingot with the 2 nd uniform electrode and the auxiliary electrode together to ensure that the uniform electrode is positioned at the middle position.
Step S6: taking the semi-finished cast ingot as a consumable electrode for skull melting, starting skull melting, wherein the melting voltage is 40V, the melting current is 38KA, the maximum liquid phase alloy homogenization maintaining time is 15min, the highest temperature of the melt is 1600 ℃, the casting temperature is 1450 ℃, and the vacuum degree is maintained to be 1.2 multiplied by 10 during casting -1 Pa, stopping smelting when the semi-finished ingot is completely melted into a molten pool and the uniform electrode is not completely melted into the molten pool to obtain a solidified shell ingot, and cooling for 250min after smelting is finished.
Step S7: and welding the solidified shell cast ingot with the 3 rd uniform electrode and the auxiliary electrode together to ensure that the uniform electrode is positioned at the middle position.
Step S8: and taking the solidified shell ingot as a consumable electrode for vacuum consumable electrode smelting, starting consumable smelting, wherein the vacuum degree in a furnace chamber before vacuum consumable electrode smelting is 2.5Pa, the arc voltage is 27V, the smelting current is 10KA, the alternating current arc stabilizing current is 11A, the alternating current stirring time is 12 seconds/time, the argon filling pressure is 1000Pa after cooling for 30min, the cooling time after smelting is 300min, and cutting off a riser of a finished product ingot to obtain a nickel-titanium alloy finished product ingot with high uniformity, low clearance and large specification.
As shown in Table 1, experiments show that the main elements of the upper, middle and lower parts of the ingot are uniformly distributed, the Ni error of the main elements at three positions is not more than 0.04%, the V error is not more than 0.02%, and the impurity elements are far lower than the GB 24627 standard requirement.
TABLE 1
| Position of | Ni | V | C | N | H | O | Fe | Ti |
| Upper part | 55.01 | 3.99 | 0.011 | 0.002 | 0.0002 | 0.031 | 0.011 | Allowance of |
| In (a) | 54.98 | 4.01 | 0.008 | 0.002 | 0.0001 | 0.034 | 0.013 | Allowance of |
| Lower part(s) | 55.02 | 4.00 | 0.009 | 0.003 | 0.0002 | 0.028 | 0.013 | Allowance of |
Example 2
Taking a 900kg binary nickel-titanium alloy ingot as an example, the operation steps of the embodiment are the same as those of the embodiment 1, except that:
1. selecting a binary nickel-titanium alloy cast ingot with the components of 55.06wt.% of Ni and 44.94wt.% of Ti; the weight of each mixture is 4956926g of electrolytic nickel and 4043074g of titanium sponge.
2. The specification of the uniform electrode is phi 250mm, and the roughing process parameters of the uniform electrode are as follows: the power supply voltage is 550V, the power supply current is 60A, and the melting time is 20min; the refining process parameters are as follows: the supply voltage was 550V, the supply current was 50A, and the refining time was 30min.
3. Consumable electrode block gauge L580 XW 550 XH 300mm.
4. The smelting parameters in the step S4 are as follows:
the vacuum degree of the furnace chamber before smelting is 2.5Pa, the arc voltage is 30V, the smelting current is 12KA, the alternating current arc stabilizing current is 12A, the alternating current stirring time is 14 seconds/time, and the argon filling pressure is 1000Pa after cooling for 30min.
5. The smelting parameters in the step S6 are as follows:
the melting voltage in the skull melting process is 50V, the melting current is 50KA, the maximum liquid phase alloy homogenization maintaining time is 20min, the highest temperature of the melt is 1800 ℃, the casting temperature is 1650 ℃, and the vacuum degree is maintained to be 1.2 multiplied by 10 during casting -1 Pa。
4. The smelting parameters in step S8 are:
the vacuum degree of the furnace chamber before smelting is 2.7Pa, the arc voltage is 30V, the smelting current is 12KA, the alternating current arc stabilizing current is 14A, the alternating current stirring time is 14 seconds/time, and the argon filling pressure is 1000Pa after cooling for 30min.
The results of the sampling and detection of the upper, middle and lower components of the finished ingot are shown in Table 2: the main elements of the upper part, the middle part and the lower part of the ingot are uniformly distributed, the errors of the main elements at the three positions are not more than 0.03%, and the impurity elements are far lower than the requirements of GB 24627 standard.
TABLE 2
Example 3
Taking 480kg binary nickel-titanium alloy ingot casting as an example, the operation steps of the embodiment are the same as those of the embodiment 1, except that:
1. selecting a binary nickel-titanium alloy cast ingot with a composition of 56.05wt.% of Ni and 43.95wt.% of Ti; the weight of the mixture is 2691103g of electrolytic nickel and 2108898g of titanium sponge.
2. The specification of the uniform electrode is phi 150mm, and the roughing process parameters of the uniform electrode are as follows: the power supply voltage is 500V, the power supply current is 40A, and the melting time is 15min; the refining process parameters are as follows: the power supply voltage was 500V, the power supply current was 30A, and the refining time was 15min.
3. Consumable electrode block gauge L450 XW 400 XH 300mm.
4. The smelting parameters in the step S4 are as follows:
the vacuum degree of the furnace chamber before smelting is 2.1Pa, the arc voltage is 10V, the smelting current is 5KA, the alternating current arc stabilizing current is 5A, the alternating current stirring time is 5 seconds/time, and the argon filling pressure is 900 after cooling for 30min.
5. The smelting parameters in the step S6 are as follows:
the melting voltage in the skull melting process is 25V, the melting current is 12KA, the maximum liquid phase alloy homogenization maintaining time is 10min, the highest temperature of the melt is 1400 ℃, the casting temperature is 1480 ℃, and the vacuum degree is maintained to be 1.2 multiplied by 10 during casting -1 Pa。
6. The smelting parameters in step S8 are:
the vacuum degree of the furnace chamber before smelting is 2.9Pa, the arc voltage is 10V, the smelting current is 6KA, the alternating current arc stabilizing current is 6A, the alternating current stirring time is 5 seconds/time, and the argon filling pressure is 900Pa after cooling for 30min.
The results of the sampling and detection of the upper, middle and lower components of the finished ingot are shown in Table 3: the main elements of the upper part, the middle part and the lower part of the ingot are uniformly distributed, the errors of the main elements at the three positions are not more than 0.03%, and the impurity elements are far lower than the requirements of GB 24627 standard.
TABLE 3 Table 3
| Position of | Ni | C | N | H | O | Fe | Ti |
| Upper part | 56.04 | 0.010 | 0.001 | 0.0001 | 0.030 | 0.011 | Allowance of |
| In (a) | 56.07 | 0.012 | 0.002 | 0.0002 | 0.032 | 0.015 | Allowance of |
| Lower part(s) | 56.05 | 0.008 | 0.003 | 0.0002 | 0.031 | 0.017 | Allowance of |
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and any such modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. The high-uniformity low-clearance nickel-titanium alloy large-size ingot smelting method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step S1: a layered distribution method is adopted to distribute materials in an electrode press, and a first layer of electrolytic nickel blocks, a first layer of titanium sponge particles, microelements, a second layer of titanium sponge particles and a second layer of electrolytic nickel blocks are sequentially arranged from bottom to top to prepare a plurality of induction electrode blocks and a plurality of consumable electrode blocks,
step S2: smelting the plurality of induction electrode blocks by utilizing a vacuum induction smelting furnace to obtain a plurality of uniform electrodes,
step S3: the auxiliary electrode, the uniform electrode and the plurality of consumable electrode blocks are welded in sequence,
step S4: smelting the consumable electrode blocks by using a vacuum consumable electrode smelting furnace to obtain a semi-finished cast ingot, stopping smelting when each consumable electrode block is completely smelted into a molten pool and the uniform electrode is not completely smelted into the molten pool during smelting,
step S5: sequentially welding the auxiliary electrode, the uniform electrode and the semi-finished cast ingot,
step S6: smelting the semi-finished cast ingot by using a vacuum skull smelting furnace to obtain a skull cast ingot, and stopping smelting when the semi-finished cast ingot is completely melted into a molten pool and the uniform electrode is not completely melted into the molten pool during smelting;
step S7: finally, welding the auxiliary electrode, the uniform electrode and the solidified shell cast ingot in sequence,
step S8: smelting the solidified shell cast ingot by using a vacuum consumable electrode smelting furnace to obtain a finished cast ingot, and stopping smelting when the solidified shell cast ingot is completely melted into a molten pool and the uniform electrode is not completely melted into the molten pool during smelting;
wherein, the parameters of the vacuum consumable electrode smelting furnace in the step S4 are as follows: the vacuum degree before smelting is less than or equal to 5Pa, the arc voltage is 10-30V, the smelting current is 5-12 kA, the alternating current arc stabilizing current is 5-12A, the alternating current stirring time is 5-14 seconds/time, the cooling time is more than or equal to 200min, and the argon filling pressure after cooling for 30min is 900-1000 Pa;
wherein, the parameters of the vacuum skull smelting furnace in the step S6 are as follows: the smelting voltage is 25-50V, the smelting current is 12-50kA, the maximum liquid phase alloy homogenization maintaining time is 10-20 min, the highest temperature of the melt is 1400-1800 ℃, and casting is carried outThe temperature is above 1400 ℃, and the vacuum degree is kept at 1.2 multiplied by 10 during casting -1 Pa；
Wherein, the parameters of the vacuum consumable electrode smelting furnace in the step S8 are as follows: the vacuum degree before smelting is less than or equal to 5Pa, the arc voltage is 10-30V, the smelting current is 6-12 kA, the alternating current arc stabilizing current is 6-14A, the alternating current stirring time is 5-14 seconds/time, the cooling time is more than or equal to 250min, and the argon filling pressure after cooling for 30min is 900-1000 Pa;
wherein the specification of the semi-finished cast ingot is 400-3000kg cast ingot.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step S4, the flash of the semi-finished ingot is cut, and the cut portion is welded to the side wall of the semi-finished ingot at a position close to the cutting position.
3. The method for melting a large-sized nickel-titanium alloy ingot with high uniformity and low clearance according to claim 2, wherein in step S6, flash of the solidified shell ingot is cut, and the cut part is welded on the side wall of the solidified shell ingot with the welding position close to the cutting position.
4. The method for smelting large-sized ingots of high-uniformity low-clearance nickel-titanium alloy according to claim 3, wherein in the step S3, the method for welding a plurality of consumable electrode blocks comprises the following steps:
forging and rolling the uniform electrode to obtain a rolled strip,
peeling and polishing the rolled strip,
and welding the auxiliary electrode, the uniform electrode and the consumable electrode blocks by using the rolled strip in sequence.
5. The method for smelting large-sized nickel-titanium alloy ingots with high uniformity and low clearance according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein the uniform electrode has a specification of phi 150-phi 250mm.
6. The method for melting large-sized ingots of high-uniformity low-clearance nickel-titanium alloy according to claim 5, wherein the raw material components in the step S1 are 45-60 wt.% nickel, 0-5 wt.% one or more of chromium, cobalt, copper, vanadium, iron, aluminum or niobium, and the balance titanium.
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