CN115742305A - Efficient additive manufacturing device and molding method for thermoplastic composite material - Google Patents
Efficient additive manufacturing device and molding method for thermoplastic composite material Download PDFInfo
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- CN115742305A CN115742305A CN202211516276.6A CN202211516276A CN115742305A CN 115742305 A CN115742305 A CN 115742305A CN 202211516276 A CN202211516276 A CN 202211516276A CN 115742305 A CN115742305 A CN 115742305A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-efficiency additive manufacturing device and a molding method for a thermoplastic composite material, wherein the preheating method comprises a first preheating stage: preheating a resin matrix to a temperature 10-30 ℃ lower than the glass transition temperature of the resin matrix; a second preheating stage: preheating the resin matrix to a temperature above the glass transition temperature of the resin matrix and below the melting point of the resin matrix; a third preheating stage: preheating the resin matrix to a temperature 20-50 ℃ higher than the melting point of the resin matrix. In the first preheating stage, the moisture on the surface of the printing wire can be dried; a second preheating stage, which is used for improving the fluidity; and in the third preheating stage, the resin matrix is promoted to be melted to reach a flowing state, fibers are fully infiltrated, good plasticity is achieved, printing feasibility is improved, for the FDM laying forming process, the bonding force between printing part layers can be improved, the porosity is reduced, and further the comprehensive mechanical property of the printing part is improved. In addition, since the fluidity of the resin matrix is increased, the printing speed can also be improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of continuous fiber 3D printing, and particularly relates to a high-efficiency additive manufacturing device and a molding method for a thermoplastic composite material.
Background
3D printing is the primary form of achieving "additive manufacturing" and is used as an important element of advanced manufacturing by many countries of the world. Carbon fiber composites are advantageous in areas where density, weight, fatigue properties, etc. are critical, as well as in areas where high temperature and high chemical stability are required. The traditional continuous carbon fiber forming manufacturing comprises a series of process flows of weaving, gluing, cloth laying, pressing and the like, high precision requirements and loss of a die are met, and the full play of the function of a carbon fiber material is restricted by the complexity of a model to a certain extent. The 3D printing has the characteristics of integrated forming and no complex limitation, is used for forming and manufacturing continuous carbon fiber composite materials, can exert the advantages of light weight, high strength and integrated forming of 3D printing, and has wide application prospect in manufacturing carbon fiber parts with complex structural shapes.
In the existing fiber continuous 3D printing process, a resin matrix is often preheated first, and for a product with low fiber content, the resin matrix is insufficiently preheated, so that the interlayer bonding force is poor and the mechanical property is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-efficiency additive manufacturing device and a molding method for a thermoplastic composite material, which can improve the preheating effect of a resin matrix, improve the bonding force between layers of a printed product and improve the comprehensive mechanical property of the printed product.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows: the efficient additive forming process for thermoplastic composite material includes
A first preheating stage: preheating a resin matrix to a temperature 10-30 ℃ lower than the glass transition temperature of the resin matrix;
a second preheating stage: preheating the resin matrix to a temperature above the glass transition temperature of the resin matrix and below the melting point of the resin matrix;
a third preheating stage: preheating the resin matrix to a temperature 20-50 ℃ higher than the melting point of the resin matrix.
Further, the resin matrix is one of nylon, ABS resin, polylactic acid, polyamide, polyphenylene sulfide and polyether ether ketone resin, and the fiber is one or more of continuous carbon fiber, continuous aramid fiber, continuous ceramic fiber, continuous glass fiber and continuous silicon carbide fiber.
The efficient additive manufacturing device for the thermoplastic composite material comprises a first preheating block, a second preheating block and a third preheating block which are arranged in sequence, heat insulation layers are arranged between the first preheating block and the second preheating block and between the second preheating block and the third preheating block, and feeding through holes are formed in the centers of the first preheating block, the second preheating block, the third preheating block and the heat insulation layers.
Furthermore, the feeding through holes of the first preheating block, the second preheating block and the third preheating block are all in a circular truncated cone shape, and the diameter of the feeding through hole is gradually reduced in the feeding direction.
Further, still include the heating module, heating module inside has the heating chamber, the one end in heating chamber links to each other with feed through hole, and the other end is connected with the nozzle and beats printer head, the nozzle is beaten and is provided with discharging channel in the printer head.
Further, be provided with the guide post in the heating chamber, the guide post has the direction through-hole, the direction through-hole includes spiral section and straightway, the lateral wall of spiral section is provided with helical shape guide way, and the diameter of spiral section is greater than the diameter of straightway, spiral section links to each other with feed hole, the straightway links to each other with the discharging channel that the nozzle beaten the head, discharging channel's diameter is less than the diameter of straightway.
Further, the outer wall of the guide post is connected with the inner wall of the heating module through threads.
Further, a heat insulation layer is also arranged between the heating module and the third preheating module.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the first preheating stage can dry the moisture on the surface of the printing wire; in the second preheating stage, the resin matrix is subjected to full glass transition, and the fluidity is improved; and in the third preheating stage, the resin matrix is promoted to be melted to reach a flowing state, fibers are fully infiltrated, good plasticity is achieved, printing feasibility is improved, for the FDM laying forming process, the bonding force between printing part layers can be improved, the porosity is reduced, and further the comprehensive mechanical property of the printing part is improved. In addition, since the fluidity of the resin matrix is increased, the printing speed can also be improved. The resin matrix is preheated in three stages, so that the preheating uniformity of the resin matrix is improved, and the conditions that the temperature of the part, contacted with the preheating device, of the outside is high and the temperature of the resin matrix at the center is too low are prevented.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a preheating apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a printing apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of an ejection port of a nozzle print head.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples in conjunction with the drawings.
The invention relates to a high-efficiency additive forming method of a thermoplastic composite material, which comprises the following steps
A first preheating stage: preheating the resin matrix to 10-30 ℃ below the glass transition temperature of the resin matrix. Because the fiber has strong adsorption capacity and is easy to adsorb moisture in the air, and the moisture can affect the quality of products, the fiber surface drying device is mainly used for drying the moisture on the fiber surface in the stage, the preheating temperature is not high and is generally set to be 50-120 ℃, the specific temperature is determined according to the adopted resin matrix and is generally 10-30 ℃ lower than the glass transition temperature of the resin matrix, so that the evaporated moisture can be discharged from an inlet.
A second preheating stage: the resin matrix is preheated to a temperature above the glass transition temperature of the resin matrix and below the melting point of the resin matrix. The resin matrix is fully subjected to glass transition in the stage, softening is carried out, the flowability is improved, meanwhile, the combination of the resin matrix is tighter, the pores are smaller, and the extruded air enables the air to reversely flow and be discharged, so that the porosity of the product can be reduced.
A third preheating stage: preheating the resin matrix to a temperature 20-50 ℃ higher than the melting point of the resin matrix. The resin matrix is melted at the stage and is changed from a solid state to a liquid state, the fluidity is further increased, the liquid resin matrix can fully impregnate the continuous fibers, and meanwhile, the plasticization is increased, so that the printing feasibility is improved. For the FDM laying forming process, the bonding force between printing product layers can be improved, the porosity is reduced, and the comprehensive mechanical property of the printing product is further improved. In addition, since the fluidity of the resin matrix is increased, the feeding speed can be increased, and the printing speed can also be increased.
The preheating of the resin matrix is carried out in three stages, the preheating uniformity of the resin matrix can be improved, and the situation that the temperature of the part, contacted with the preheating device, of the outer part is high and the temperature of the resin matrix at the center is too low is prevented.
After preheating, 3D printing can be carried out.
The resin matrix of the invention can adopt one of nylon, ABS resin, polylactic acid, polyamide, polyphenylene sulfide and polyether ether ketone resin, and the fiber is one or more of continuous carbon fiber, continuous aramid fiber, continuous ceramic fiber, continuous glass fiber and continuous silicon carbide fiber.
The preheating device of the invention is shown in figure 1 and comprises a first preheating block 1, a second preheating block 3 and a third preheating block 4 which are arranged in sequence, wherein heat insulation layers 2 are arranged between the first preheating block 1 and the second preheating block 3 and between the second preheating block 3 and the third preheating block 4, and feeding through holes are arranged at the centers of the first preheating block 1, the second preheating block 3, the third preheating block 4 and the heat insulation layers 2.
The first preheating block 1, the second preheating block 3 and the third preheating block 4 each have a heating function for heating the resin substrate. The first preheating block 1, the second preheating block 3 and the third preheating block 4 respectively correspond to the first preheating stage, the second preheating stage and the third preheating stage, the preheating temperature of the first preheating block 1 is 10-30 ℃ lower than the glass transition temperature of the resin matrix, the preheating temperature of the second preheating stage is 10-30 ℃ higher than the glass transition temperature of the resin matrix and lower than the melting point of the resin matrix, and the preheating temperature of the third preheating stage is 20-50 ℃ higher than the melting point of the resin matrix.
The heat insulation layer 2 plays a role in heat insulation, and heat insulation cotton can be adopted, so that the first preheating block 1, the second preheating block 3 and the third preheating block 4 are independent preheating blocks and cannot influence each other, and the preheating temperatures in three stages are accurately controlled.
The feeding through holes are used for the resin matrix and the fiber to pass through, and the first preheating block 1, the second preheating block 3, the third preheating block 4 and the feeding through holes on each heat insulation layer 2 are coaxially arranged. The feeding through holes of the first preheating block 1, the second preheating block 3 and the third preheating block 4 are all in a circular truncated cone shape, and in the feeding direction, the diameter of the feeding through holes is gradually reduced so as to facilitate the guiding and positioning of printing wires.
The manufacturing device of the invention is shown in figure 2 and comprises a preheating device and a heating module 6 which are shown in figure 1, wherein a heating cavity is arranged in the heating module 6, one end of the heating cavity is connected with a feeding through hole, the other end of the heating cavity is connected with a nozzle printing head 7, and a discharging channel is arranged in the nozzle printing head 7.
The heating module 6 is used for heating the resin matrix at a printing temperature required by a 3D printing process, the nozzle printing head 7 is used for ejecting the resin matrix and the continuous fibers, and in the printing process, the nozzle printing head 7 moves according to a set track, so that a product can be printed.
The discharging channel is a straight hole which is long and thin and has smooth side wall, the heat preservation is better, and the flow resistance is reduced. In the printing process, if fibers are accumulated in the discharging channel, the fibers can be ejected out of the discharging channel under the action of printing pressure, and the function of automatically cleaning the discharging channel is achieved.
The nozzle printing head 7 is made of high-manganese alloy steel with good wear resistance as a whole material, and the end part of the nozzle printing head is processed by fillet processing, so that a trumpet-shaped flaring is formed at the outlet of the discharge channel, as shown in fig. 3, the main purpose is to reduce stress concentration and avoid damaging fully plasticized preimpregnated filaments.
Further, be provided with guide post 5 in the heating chamber, guide post 5 has the direction through-hole, and the direction through-hole includes spiral section and straightway, and the lateral wall of spiral section is provided with helical shape guide way, and the diameter of spiral section is greater than the diameter of straightway, and spiral section links to each other with feed-through, and the straightway links to each other with the discharging channel that the printer head 7 was beaten to the nozzle, and discharging channel's diameter is less than the diameter of straightway.
The guide post 5 is made of a material with high heat conductivity coefficient so as to quickly transfer heat generated by the heating module 6 to the resin matrix. Because set up spiral helicine guide way at the spiral section inner wall, can increase the area of contact of resin base member and guide post 5, improve heating efficiency, simultaneously, vertical base member can be the heliciform along the guide way and remove, improves the homogeneity of heating, and extension flow path guarantees the heating effect. The continuous fiber is positioned in the center of the guide through hole.
The outer wall of the guide post 5 is connected to the inner wall of the heating module 6 by a screw, and the outer wall of one end of the nozzle printing head 7 is connected to the inner wall of the guide post 5 by a screw. The majority of the nozzle printing head 7 is positioned in the heating cavity of the heating module 6, only the spray head at the end part extends out of the heating module 6, so that the nozzle printing head 7 is favorably insulated, the phenomenon of breakage caused by too low temperature is prevented, and the quality of printed products is effectively improved.
A heat insulation layer 2 is also arranged between the heating module 6 and the third preheating module 4. The heat insulation layer 2 plays a role in heat resistance, and the heat of the heating module 6 is prevented from being transferred to the third preheating block 4 to influence the preheating temperature.
In order to reduce heat loss, insulating layers may be provided outside the heating block 6, the first preheating block 1, the second preheating block 3, and the third preheating block 4.
The printing method comprises the steps of adopting a printing device shown in figure 2, extruding resin matrix prepreg filaments into a feeding through hole of a preheating device, preheating the resin matrix to be lower than the glass transition temperature of the resin matrix by a first preheating block 1, preheating the resin matrix to be higher than the glass transition temperature of the resin matrix and lower than the melting point temperature of the resin matrix by a second preheating block 3, preheating the resin matrix to be higher than the glass transition temperature of the resin matrix and lower than the melting point temperature of the resin matrix by a third preheating block 4, preheating the resin matrix to be higher than the melting point temperature of the resin matrix by 20-50 ℃, then enabling the resin matrix to enter a heating module 6, heating the resin matrix to be at a printing temperature by the heating module 6, and then spraying the resin matrix from a nozzle printing head 7 to perform layer-by-layer printing.
Example one
Pps is adopted as the resin matrix, and continuous carbon fibers are adopted as the fibers.
pps has a glass transition temperature of about 106 ℃ and a melting point of about 284 ℃, so that the preheating temperature in the first preheating stage is 90 to 100 ℃, the preheating temperature in the second preheating stage is 200 to 250 ℃, the preheating temperature in the third preheating stage is 300 to 320 ℃, and printing is performed by using the printing device shown in fig. 2.
For the carbon fiber printing wire, the heat dissipation performance of the carbon fiber is good, and the heat preservation is needed in the printing process. The printing speed of the conventional continuous carbon fiber is 100-300mm/min, the speed is low, the bonding force between the layers of the printed product is about 20MPa, the bending strength is 400-500MPa, and the bending modulus is 30-40Gpa. The printing speed of the invention can reach 500-600mm/min, the printing efficiency can be improved by improving the preheating process of the resin matrix, the bonding force between the printing product layers is improved to about 40Mpa, the bending strength and the modulus respectively reach about 800Mpa and 60GPa, and the mechanical property is greatly improved.
The whole printing process of the prepreg silks of other resin matrixes is almost the same, and proper preheating temperatures are required to be set for different resin matrixes.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The efficient additive forming method of the thermoplastic composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps
A first preheating stage: preheating a resin matrix to a temperature 10-30 ℃ lower than the glass transition temperature of the resin matrix;
a second preheating stage: preheating the resin matrix to a temperature above the glass transition temperature of the resin matrix and below the melting point of the resin matrix;
a third preheating stage: preheating the resin matrix to a temperature 20-50 ℃ higher than the melting point of the resin matrix.
2. The method for efficient additive molding of thermoplastic composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the resin matrix is one of nylon, ABS resin, polylactic acid, polyamide, polyphenylene sulfide, and polyetheretherketone resin, and the fiber is one or more of continuous carbon fiber, continuous aramid fiber, continuous ceramic fiber, continuous glass fiber, and continuous silicon carbide fiber.
3. The device for manufacturing the thermoplastic composite material high-efficiency additive for the thermoplastic composite material high-efficiency additive molding method according to claim 1 or 2, is characterized by comprising a first preheating block (1), a second preheating block (3) and a third preheating block (4) which are arranged in sequence, wherein a heat insulation layer (2) is arranged between the first preheating block (1) and the second preheating block (3) and between the second preheating block (3) and the third preheating block (4), and feed through holes are arranged in the centers of the first preheating block (1), the second preheating block (3), the third preheating block (4) and the heat insulation layer (2).
4. A high efficiency additive manufacturing apparatus for thermoplastic composite materials according to claim 3, wherein the feed-through holes of the first preheating block (1), the second preheating block (3) and the third preheating block (4) are all in the shape of a circular truncated cone, and the diameter of the feed-through holes is gradually reduced in the feeding direction.
5. The thermoplastic composite high-efficiency additive manufacturing device according to claim 3, further comprising a heating module (6), wherein a heating cavity is formed in the heating module (6), one end of the heating cavity is connected with the feeding through hole, the other end of the heating cavity is connected with a nozzle printing head (7), and a discharging channel is formed in the nozzle printing head (7).
6. The efficient additive manufacturing device for thermoplastic composite materials according to claim 5, wherein a guide post (5) is arranged in the heating cavity, the guide post (5) is provided with a guide through hole, the guide through hole comprises a spiral section and a straight section, the side wall of the spiral section is provided with a spiral guide groove, the diameter of the spiral section is larger than that of the straight section, the spiral section is connected with the feeding through hole, the straight section is connected with a discharging channel of the nozzle printing head (7), and the diameter of the discharging channel is smaller than that of the straight section.
7. The device for manufacturing the thermoplastic composite material high-efficiency additive material as claimed in claim 6, wherein the outer wall of the guide column (5) is connected with the inner wall of the heating module (6) through threads.
8. The efficient additive manufacturing device for thermoplastic composite materials as claimed in claim 5, wherein a heat insulation layer (2) is also arranged between the heating module (6) and the third preheating module (4).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202211516276.6A CN115742305A (en) | 2022-11-30 | 2022-11-30 | Efficient additive manufacturing device and molding method for thermoplastic composite material |
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| CN202211516276.6A CN115742305A (en) | 2022-11-30 | 2022-11-30 | Efficient additive manufacturing device and molding method for thermoplastic composite material |
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