CN115740492A - Thin-wall part mounting seat additive manufacturing deformation control method and cooling device - Google Patents
Thin-wall part mounting seat additive manufacturing deformation control method and cooling device Download PDFInfo
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- CN115740492A CN115740492A CN202211407504.6A CN202211407504A CN115740492A CN 115740492 A CN115740492 A CN 115740492A CN 202211407504 A CN202211407504 A CN 202211407504A CN 115740492 A CN115740492 A CN 115740492A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a thin-wall part mounting seat additive manufacturing deformation control method and a cooling device, wherein the thin-wall part mounting seat additive manufacturing deformation control method specifically comprises the following steps: establishing a mounting seat model by using computer three-dimensional drawing software, and adding machining allowance to obtain a mounting seat blank model; step two: carrying out layered slicing on the model by using software to obtain a processing path of each slice layer; step three: fixing a cooling device on the opposite side of the surface to be processed of the thin-wall part, starting the cooling device, and setting the temperature of cooling liquid; by adopting the thin-wall part mounting seat additive manufacturing deformation control method and the cooling device, the cooling liquid is directly contacted with the surface of the thin-wall part to be processed, and the local cooling in the additive manufacturing process is realized. The heat accumulation of the thin-wall part mounting seats such as the casing and the like in the additive manufacturing process can be effectively reduced, the deformation and heat affected zone is reduced, and the size precision of parts is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of structural design and application of metal additive manufacturing, and particularly provides a thin-wall part mounting seat additive manufacturing deformation control method and a cooling device.
Background
The aeroengine casing type component is usually a large-size rotary thin-wall structure, and a large number of mounting seats are distributed on the outer part of the aeroengine casing type component. In order to ensure the bearing capacity of the casing, the casing is formed by an integral forging machine at the present stage. The casing main body is of a thin-wall structure, the height of the mounting seat is often larger than or even several times of the thickness of the casing main body, so that the thickness of a forging blank is larger, a large amount of materials are wasted in the machining process, and the machining period and the comprehensive cost are increased and decreased. The laser melting deposition technology is characterized in that a laser beam is used as a heat source to melt the surface of a base material to generate a molten pool, the converged metal powder is synchronously fed into the molten pool through a powder feeding device, and the powder is rapidly melted and cooled to be solidified and form metallurgical bonding with a base material. The laser melting deposition technology is one of the mainstream additive manufacturing technologies at present, and is mainly applied to three aspects of rapid part forming, part structure adding and damaged part repairing.
By adopting the laser melting deposition technology, the mounting seat is directly deposited and manufactured on the casing body processed by the forge piece, so that the machining allowance of the forge piece blank can be obviously reduced, the material utilization rate is effectively improved, and the processing period and the comprehensive cost are reduced. However, the laser fused deposition process has a large heat input and the casing with thin wall features has poor rigidity, which causes local or overall deformation of the casing after the direct deposition manufacturing of the mounting seat is completed, resulting in dimensional over-tolerance. Under high thermal stress, cracks may even occur, directly leading to the rejection of the part. The method for optimizing the laser melting deposition process parameters is adopted to reduce the heat input in the deposition process, can improve the part deformation to a certain extent, but has limited obtained effect. This is because the thin-walled member mainly radiates heat in the thickness direction, and thus has low heat radiation efficiency and a significant heat accumulation effect.
It is highly desirable to obtain a deformation control method and a cooling device for the additive manufacturing of the thin-wall part mounting seat with excellent technical effects.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a thin-wall part mounting seat additive manufacturing deformation control method and a cooling device with excellent technical effects. In the process of manufacturing the mounting base in an additive mode, a cooling device is additionally arranged on the side face of the mounting base, cooling is carried out through contact of cooling liquid and the surface of the thin-wall part, heat accumulation in a base body part in the process of manufacturing the additive is reduced, a heat affected zone is reduced, deformation of the thin-wall part is reduced, and size precision is improved.
The thin-wall part mounting seat additive manufacturing deformation control method specifically comprises the following steps:
establishing a mounting seat model by using computer three-dimensional drawing software, and adding machining allowance to obtain a mounting seat blank model;
step two: carrying out layered slicing on the model by using software to obtain a processing path of each slice layer;
step three: fixing a cooling device on the opposite side surface of the to-be-processed surface of the thin-wall part, starting the cooling device, and setting the temperature of cooling liquid;
step four: and after the temperature of the cooling liquid reaches the set temperature, carrying out laser melting deposition additive manufacturing to obtain the mounting seat blank with the same size as the mounting seat blank model.
Preferably, in the step one, the adding of the machining allowance comprises adding machining allowances on the upper surface and the side surface of the mounting seat, and the machining allowance range is 3-10mm.
Preferably, in the second step, the thickness of the layer-by-layer slice is 0.3-1mm.
Preferably, in the third step, the composition of the cooling liquid is different according to different alloy compositions of the part materials, and the temperature of the cooling liquid is set to be not lower than the solidification temperature of the cooling liquid as long as the oxidation prevention of the part is satisfied.
Preferably, in the fourth step, the process parameters of the laser fused deposition additive manufacturing are different according to different alloy components of different part materials, and in a process parameter range meeting the requirement that the blank has no defects such as cracks, pores, non-fusion, slag inclusion and the like, the process parameters which enable the heat input to be lower are recommended to be selected, and the heat input of the laser fused deposition additive manufacturing = laser power/(laser scanning speed × spot diameter).
The cooling device for controlling the additive manufacturing deformation of the thin-wall part mounting seat is applied to a method for controlling the additive manufacturing deformation of the thin-wall part mounting seat, and comprises the following components: the cooling device comprises a cooling tool, a cooling liquid inlet, a cooling liquid outlet and a cooling liquid storage box; the cooling tool is fixed on the surface of the thin-wall part opposite to the surface to be machined, the cooling tool and the thin-wall part to be machined jointly form a cooling liquid flow channel, and a cooling liquid inlet and a cooling liquid outlet are connected with an external cooling liquid storage tank through a cooling liquid circulating pipeline.
Preferably, the cooling tool is a hollow cavity with an opening at the upper part, the external contour of the upper part of the cooling tool is consistent with the contour of the opposite side surface of the surface to be processed on the surface of the thin-wall part, a sealing ring is arranged between the upper part of the cooling tool and the thin-wall part, and the cooling tool and the thin-wall part form the closed hollow cavity together.
Preferably, the cooling liquid circulation pipeline comprises a cooling liquid supply pipeline and a cooling liquid return pipeline, and a booster pump for controlling the flow rate of the cooling liquid is mounted on the cooling liquid supply pipeline.
Preferably, the coolant inlet is located in the middle of the inside of the cooling tool, the coolant outlet is located in the periphery of the inside of the cooling tool, the water inlet of the coolant supply pipeline is arranged on the lower side of the external coolant storage tank, the water inlet of the coolant return pipeline is arranged on the upper side of the coolant storage tank, and the water outlet of the coolant supply pipeline is connected with the coolant inlet; and a water inlet of the cooling liquid backflow pipeline is connected with a cooling liquid outlet.
Preferably, the cooling device for controlling the material increase manufacturing deformation of the thin-wall part mounting seat further comprises a temperature detection device and a refrigeration unit, the temperature detection device and the refrigeration unit are located inside the cooling liquid storage box, the temperature detection device collects temperature information through a K-type thermocouple and converts the temperature information into digital quantity, and the converted digital quantity is transmitted to a controller in the refrigeration unit to control the start and stop of the refrigeration unit and maintain the temperature stability of the cooling liquid.
By adopting the thin-wall part mounting seat additive manufacturing deformation control method and the cooling device, the cooling liquid is directly contacted with the surface of the thin-wall part to be processed, and the local cooling in the additive manufacturing process is realized. The cooling tool is connected with the thin-wall part through the flexible sealing ring to jointly form a cooling liquid flow channel, and even if the thin-wall part is slightly deformed locally in the additive manufacturing process, the cooling effect of the cooling device cannot be reduced. Therefore, heat accumulation of the thin-wall part mounting seat such as the casing and the like in the additive manufacturing process can be effectively reduced, the deformation and the heat affected zone are reduced, and the dimensional accuracy of the part is improved.
Drawings
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the following figures and embodiments:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a cooling device for controlling additive manufacturing deformation of a thin-wall part mounting seat;
Detailed Description
Example 1
The thin-wall part mounting seat additive manufacturing deformation control method specifically comprises the following steps:
step one, establishing a mounting seat model by utilizing computer three-dimensional drawing software, and adding machining allowance to obtain a mounting seat blank model 1;
step two: carrying out layered slicing on the model by using software to obtain a processing path of each slice layer;
step three: fixing a cooling device on the opposite side of the surface to be processed of the thin-wall part 2, starting the cooling device, and setting the temperature of cooling liquid;
step four: and after the temperature of the cooling liquid reaches the set temperature, carrying out laser melting deposition additive manufacturing to obtain the mounting seat blank with the same size as the mounting seat blank model.
Preferably, in the step one, the adding of the machining allowance comprises adding machining allowances on the upper surface and the side surface of the mounting seat, and the machining allowance range is 3-10mm.
Preferably, in the second step, the thickness of the layer-by-layer slice is 0.3-1mm.
Preferably, in the third step, the composition of the cooling liquid is different according to different alloy compositions of the part materials, and the temperature of the cooling liquid is set to be not lower than the solidification temperature of the cooling liquid as long as the oxidation prevention of the part is satisfied.
Preferably, in the fourth step, the process parameters of the laser melting deposition additive manufacturing are different according to different alloy components of different part materials, and within a process parameter range meeting the requirement of no defects such as cracks, air holes, incomplete fusion, slag inclusion and the like in a blank, the process parameters with low heat input are recommended to be selected, and the heat input of the laser melting deposition additive manufacturing = laser power/laser scanning speed × spot diameter.
The cooling device for controlling the additive manufacturing deformation of the thin-wall part mounting seat is applied to a method for controlling the additive manufacturing deformation of the thin-wall part mounting seat, and comprises the following components: the cooling tool 3, a cooling liquid inlet 31, a cooling liquid outlet 33 and a cooling liquid storage box 7; the cooling tool 3 is fixed on the surface opposite to the surface to be processed of the thin-wall part 2, the cooling tool 3 and the thin-wall part to be processed jointly form a cooling liquid flow channel, and the cooling liquid inlet 31 and the cooling liquid outlet 33 are connected with the external cooling liquid storage tank 7 through a cooling liquid circulation pipeline.
Preferably, the cooling tool 3 is a hollow cavity with an opening at the upper part, the external contour of the upper part of the cooling tool 3 is consistent with the contour of the opposite side surface of the surface to be processed on the surface of the thin-wall part, a sealing ring 32 is arranged between the upper part of the cooling tool 3 and the thin-wall part 2, and the cooling tool 3 and the thin-wall part 2 jointly form a closed hollow cavity.
Preferably, the cooling liquid circulation pipeline comprises a cooling liquid supply pipeline 4 and a cooling liquid return pipeline 5, and a booster pump 6 for controlling the flow rate of the cooling liquid is installed on the cooling liquid supply pipeline 4.
Preferably, the coolant inlet 31 is located in the middle of the inside of the cooling tool 3, the coolant outlet 33 is located in the periphery of the inside of the cooling tool 3, the water inlet of the coolant supply pipeline 4 is arranged at the lower side of the external coolant storage tank 7, the water inlet of the coolant return pipeline 5 is arranged at the upper side of the coolant storage tank 7, and the water outlet of the coolant supply pipeline 4 is connected with the coolant inlet 31; the inlet of the coolant return line 5 is connected to the coolant outlet 33.
Preferably, the cooling device for controlling the deformation of the thin-wall part mounting seat in the material increase manufacturing process further comprises a temperature detection device and a refrigeration unit 8, wherein the temperature detection device and the refrigeration unit 8 are located inside the cooling liquid storage box 7, the temperature detection device collects temperature information through a K-type thermocouple and converts the temperature information into digital quantity, and the converted digital quantity is transmitted to a controller in the refrigeration unit 8 to control the start and stop of the refrigeration unit 8 and maintain the temperature stability of the cooling liquid.
Example 2
In the embodiment, a certain type of titanium alloy casing mounting seat is taken as a carrier, the thickness of the main structure of the casing is only 2mm, the rigidity is poor, the design difficulty of the laser melting deposition forming process of the mounting seat is higher,
the thin-wall part mounting seat additive manufacturing deformation control method specifically comprises the following steps:
step one, three-dimensional modeling of a casing mounting seat is established by utilizing three-dimensional drawing software UG, and hexahedrons with the length, width and height respectively equal to the maximum external dimension of the casing mounting seat are established at the position of the mounting seat to replace a cylindrical mounting seat for subsequent laser scanning path planning. The upper surface and the lower surface of the cube are parallel cylindrical surfaces, and the XY section is rectangular. And adding 5mm machining allowance on the side face of the cube, and adding 3mm machining allowance on the upper surface of the cube to obtain a mounting seat blank model.
And step two, carrying out layered slicing on the mounting seat blank model by using three-dimensional digital-analog processing software Magics, and planning a laser scanning path. The thickness of the slice is 0.5mm, namely the lifting height of the laser cladding head is 0.5mm when one layer is formed. The laser scanning mode in the single layer is reciprocating scanning, and the scanning direction of the (n + 1) th layer is vertical to the scanning direction of the (n) th layer.
Step three: the casing main body is fixed on a position changer workbench through a tool, and the cooling device is fixed on the opposite side surface of the to-be-processed surface of the casing part. A titanium alloy cutting coolant is selected as the coolant in the present embodiment. The cooling device was started and the temperature of the cooling liquid was set at 10 ℃.
Step four: and after the temperature of the cooling liquid reaches the set temperature, carrying out laser melting deposition additive manufacturing to obtain the mounting seat blank with the same size as the mounting seat blank model.
And after the temperature of the cooling liquid reaches the set temperature of 10 ℃, performing laser fused deposition additive manufacturing by using laser fused deposition equipment with a positioner. The specific forming parameters are as follows: the laser scanning speed is 800mm/min, the laser power is 1350W, the spot diameter is 3mm, the powder feeding speed is 15g/min, and the lapping rate is 40%.
After laser melting deposition forming, fluorescence detection and X-ray detection are carried out on the mounting seat blank of the casing, and the obtained mounting seat blank has no crack and air hole defects exceeding the standard specification. And (4) machining the mounting seat blank, wherein the machined size meets the size requirement of the model, and finally obtaining the solid part of the mounting seat of the cartridge receiver. The size of the part of the casing is detected, the local deformation of the position of the mounting seat of the casing is small, and the requirement of the size precision of the casing is met.
Claims (10)
1. A thin-wall part mounting seat additive manufacturing deformation control method is characterized in that: the thin-wall part mounting seat additive manufacturing deformation control method specifically comprises the following steps:
step one, establishing a mounting seat model by utilizing computer three-dimensional drawing software, and adding machining allowance to obtain a mounting seat blank model (1);
step two: carrying out layered slicing on the model by using software to obtain a processing path of each slice layer;
step three: fixing a cooling device on the opposite side surface of the surface to be processed of the thin-wall part (2), starting the cooling device, and setting the temperature of cooling liquid;
step four: and after the temperature of the cooling liquid reaches the set temperature, carrying out laser melting deposition additive manufacturing to obtain the mounting seat blank with the same size as the mounting seat blank model.
2. The thin-walled workpiece mounting seat additive manufacturing deformation control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the first step, the adding of the machining allowance comprises adding the machining allowance on the upper surface and the side surface of the mounting seat, wherein the range of the machining allowance is 3-10mm.
3. The thin-walled workpiece mounting seat additive manufacturing deformation control method according to claim 2, characterized in that: in the second step, the thickness of the layered slice is 0.3-1mm.
4. The thin-walled workpiece mounting seat additive manufacturing deformation control method according to claim 3, characterized in that: and in the third step, the temperature of the cooling liquid is set to be not lower than the solidification temperature of the cooling liquid.
5. The thin-walled workpiece mounting seat additive manufacturing deformation control method according to claim 4, characterized in that: in step four, the heat input for laser fused deposition additive manufacturing = laser power/(laser scanning speed × spot diameter).
6. A thin wall spare mount pad vibration material disk cooling device for deformation control which characterized in that: the cooling device for controlling the additive manufacturing deformation of the thin-wall part mounting seat is applied to a method for controlling the additive manufacturing deformation of the thin-wall part mounting seat, and comprises the following components: the cooling device comprises a cooling tool (3), a cooling liquid inlet (31), a cooling liquid outlet (33) and a cooling liquid storage box (7); the cooling tool (3) is fixed on the surface of the thin-wall part (2) opposite to the surface to be machined, the cooling tool (3) and the thin-wall part to be machined jointly form a cooling liquid flow channel, and a cooling liquid inlet (31) and a cooling liquid outlet (33) are connected with an external cooling liquid storage box (7) through a cooling liquid circulating pipeline.
7. A cooling device for controlling the additive manufacturing deformation of a thin-walled workpiece mounting seat according to claim 6, wherein: cooling frock (3) are upper portion open-ended cavity, and the outside profile on cooling frock (3) upper portion is unanimous with the offside surface appearance profile on thin wall part surface waiting to process the surface, set up sealing washer (32) between cooling frock (3) upper portion and thin wall part (2), cooling frock (3) and thin wall part (2) form confined cavity jointly.
8. A cooling device for controlling the additive manufacturing deformation of a thin-walled workpiece mounting base according to claim 7, wherein: the cooling liquid circulating pipeline comprises a cooling liquid supply pipeline (4) and a cooling liquid return pipeline (5), and a booster pump (6) for controlling the flow rate of the cooling liquid is installed on the cooling liquid supply pipeline (4).
9. A cooling device for controlling the additive manufacturing deformation of a thin-walled workpiece mounting seat according to claim 8, wherein: the cooling liquid inlet (31) is located in the middle of the inside of the cooling tool (3), the cooling liquid outlet (33) is located in the periphery of the inside of the cooling tool (3), a water inlet of the cooling liquid supply pipeline (4) is formed in the lower side of the external cooling liquid storage box (7), a water inlet of the cooling liquid backflow pipeline (5) is formed in the upper side of the cooling liquid storage box (7), and a water outlet of the cooling liquid supply pipeline (4) is connected with the cooling liquid inlet (31); and a water inlet of the cooling liquid backflow pipeline (5) is connected with a cooling liquid outlet (33).
10. A cooling apparatus for controlling deformation in additive manufacturing of a thin-walled member mounting base according to claim 9, wherein: thin wall spare mount pad vibration material disk cooling device for deformation control still includes temperature-detecting device and refrigerating unit (8), and temperature-detecting device and refrigerating unit (8) are located inside coolant liquid storage box (7), and temperature-detecting device passes through K type thermocouple collection temperature information and converts into the digital quantity, and the digital quantity after the conversion transmits the controller in refrigerating unit (8), controls the start-stop of refrigerating unit (8).
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| CN202211407504.6A CN115740492A (en) | 2022-11-10 | 2022-11-10 | Thin-wall part mounting seat additive manufacturing deformation control method and cooling device |
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| CN202211407504.6A CN115740492A (en) | 2022-11-10 | 2022-11-10 | Thin-wall part mounting seat additive manufacturing deformation control method and cooling device |
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