CN115733574A - Signal transmission method and system - Google Patents
Signal transmission method and system Download PDFInfo
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- CN115733574A CN115733574A CN202110996594.6A CN202110996594A CN115733574A CN 115733574 A CN115733574 A CN 115733574A CN 202110996594 A CN202110996594 A CN 202110996594A CN 115733574 A CN115733574 A CN 115733574A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/07—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J3/00—Time-division multiplex systems
- H04J3/16—Time-division multiplex systems in which the time allocation to individual channels within a transmission cycle is variable, e.g. to accommodate varying complexity of signals, to vary number of channels transmitted
Abstract
The application provides a signal transmission method and a signal transmission system, and relates to the field of communication. The signal transmission method is applied to the transmission of the test signals in the OTN network, and comprises the following steps: acquiring a power compensation signal, and accessing the power compensation signal into a transmission channel of the test signal; monitoring the current power of a target signal in the transmission channel, wherein the target signal at least comprises a test signal; and adjusting parameters of the power compensation signal according to the current power of the target signal so as to keep the optical power of the transmission channel stable. The signal transmission method can keep the power of the transmission channel stable, and effectively reduce the influence of frequent power fluctuation on the on-network service.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the application relates to the field of communication, in particular to a signal transmission method and system.
Background
An Optical Transport Network (OTN) technology is an important networking technology for carrying an Optical Network, inherits the advantages of a Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) Network and a Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) Network, and has the advantages of large capacity and a good management and control mechanism.
For an optical channel carrying a service in an OTN network, because the service signal adjustment flexibility is limited, it is necessary to perform operations such as optical channel performance detection and parameter adjustment by using an additional optical signal (i.e., a test signal). However, when parameters such as bandwidth, power, amplitude and the like of a test signal change or the test signal is switched between different optical channels, frequent fluctuation of the power of the optical channels is caused, which is mixed with power fluctuation generated when an optical network fails, so that the failure cannot be quickly eliminated, and meanwhile, the power fluctuation also affects the running service safety.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application mainly aims to provide a signal transmission method and a signal transmission system, so that the power of a transmission channel is kept stable, and the influence of frequent power fluctuation on an online service is effectively reduced.
In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of the present application provides a signal transmission method, which is applied to transmission of a test signal in an OTN network, where the signal transmission method includes: acquiring a power compensation signal, and accessing the power compensation signal into a transmission channel of the test signal; monitoring the current power of a target signal in the transmission channel, wherein the target signal at least comprises a test signal; and adjusting the parameter of the power compensation signal according to the current power of the target signal so as to keep the optical power of the transmission channel stable.
In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of the present application further provides a signal transmission system, which is applied to transmission of a test signal in an OTN network, where the signal transmission system includes:
the signal detection unit is used for monitoring the current power of a target signal in a transmission channel and feeding back the current power to the signal regulation unit, wherein the target signal at least comprises a test signal;
the signal adjusting unit is used for acquiring a power compensation signal; and adjusting parameters of the power compensation signal according to the current power of the target signal fed back by the signal detection unit so as to keep the optical power of the transmission channel stable.
And the signal multiplexing unit is used for connecting the power compensation signal into a transmission channel of the test signal.
According to the signal transmission method and system, the power compensation signal is introduced into the transmission channel of the test signal, and the parameter of the power compensation signal is adjusted according to the current optical power of the transmission channel so as to keep the power of the whole transmission channel stable. The method transmits the power compensation signal and the test signal no matter the parameter of the test signal changes or the transmission channel of the test signal changes, realizes power compensation in the transmission process of the test signal, keeps the power of the transmission channel stable, and effectively reduces the influence of the test signal on the network service.
Drawings
One or more embodiments are illustrated by the figures in the accompanying drawings, which correspond to and are not intended to limit the embodiments.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a signal transmission method provided by an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a schematic flowchart of a signal transmission method according to another embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a signal transmission system according to yet another embodiment of the present application;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a signal transmission system according to yet another embodiment of the present application;
fig. 5 is a first optical path diagram of a signal transmission system provided by an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 6 is a second optical path diagram of a signal transmission system according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
To make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, it will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that in the examples of the present application, numerous technical details are set forth in order to provide a better understanding of the present application. However, the technical solution claimed in the present application can be implemented without these technical details and various changes and modifications based on the following embodiments. The following embodiments are divided for convenience of description, and should not constitute any limitation to the specific implementation manner of the present application, and the embodiments may be mutually incorporated and referred to without contradiction.
The signal transmission method provided by the present application is applied to transmission of a test signal in an OTN network, and as shown in fig. 1, the signal transmission method includes:
Specifically, when an OTN network service signal is transmitted, operations such as optical channel performance detection and parameter tuning are required for an optical channel carrying the service signal. Because the traffic signal conditioning flexibility is limited and testing by means of test signals is required. During testing, whether parameters such as amplitude, bandwidth and power of the test signal are adjusted or the test signal is switched among different optical channels, the changes are finally reflected as power fluctuation of the transmission channel. Of course, the wavelengths of the test signal, the power compensation signal and the service signal cannot be the same, and the transmission of the test signal and the power compensation signal cannot affect the transmission of the normal service signal.
It should be noted that the access of the power compensation signal may be at any time, the power compensation signal may be accessed to the transmission channel simultaneously with the test signal, the power compensation signal may be accessed to the transmission channel before the test signal, or the power compensation signal may be accessed after the test signal is accessed. The signal transmission method of the application pays attention to the power change caused in the transmission process of the test signal, and does not pay attention to the power change generated at the moment of test signal access, or considers the power fluctuation generated at the moment of test signal access to a channel as normal fluctuation. Of course, the power compensation signal access time also generates power fluctuation, which is also considered as normal fluctuation.
Specifically, when the current power value of the test signal is monitored, the whole transmission channel at least comprises: a traffic signal, a test signal, and a power compensation signal. The three have different wavelengths. Therefore, the test signal in the transmission channel can be quickly determined by the wavelength, so that the power value of the current test signal can be determined. In addition, the step 102 of monitoring the current power of the target signal may monitor the feedback result in real time, or may periodically monitor the feedback result.
And 103, adjusting the parameter of the power compensation signal according to the current power of the target signal so as to keep the optical power of the transmission channel stable.
Specifically, adjusting the parameters of the power compensation signal may include: the power value of the power compensation signal, the spectral width of the power compensation signal, and the amplitude of the power compensation signal. When the parameters of the power compensation signal are adjusted according to the current power of the target signal, only one parameter can be adjusted independently, and a plurality of parameters can also be adjusted simultaneously. Such as: the spectral width of the power compensation signal is adjusted only, or both the power value and the spectral width are adjusted. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the optical power can be increased by broadening the spectral width of the signal and decreased by narrowing the spectral width of the signal without changing the amplitude.
In addition, the transmission channel includes a plurality of sub-channels, and the test signal is transmitted in one of the plurality of sub-channels. When the power compensation signal is accessed into the transmission channel of the test signal, there are two access methods. One is that: and connecting the power compensation signal into the same subchannel as the test signal for transmission. The other is as follows: and connecting the power compensation signal into a different subchannel from the test signal for transmission. Such as: the transmission channel has a bandwidth of 50M and has two sub-channels, each of which has a bandwidth of 25M for sub-channel 1 and sub-channel 2, and the test signal is transmitted in sub-channel 1. The power compensation signal can share one sub-channel bandwidth with the test signal, or can occupy one sub-channel independently. I.e. the power compensation signal may share one sub-channel 1 with the test signal or may be switched into sub-channel 2. However, no matter whether the power compensation signal and the test signal are in one sub-channel or not, the power compensation with the test signal can be realized by adjusting the parameter of the power compensation signal, and the power stability of the whole transmission channel is further ensured.
According to the signal transmission method, the power compensation signal is introduced into the transmission channel of the test signal, and the parameter of the power compensation signal is adjusted according to the current optical power of the transmission channel so that the power of the whole transmission channel is kept stable. The method transmits the power compensation signal and the test signal no matter the parameter of the test signal changes or the transmission channel of the test signal changes, realizes power compensation by adjusting the parameter of the power compensation signal in the transmission process of the test signal, keeps the power of the transmission channel stable, and effectively reduces the influence of the test signal on the network service.
Another embodiment of the present application relates to a signal transmission method, which is applied to transmission of a test signal in an OTN network, and as shown in fig. 2, the signal transmission method includes:
In this embodiment, the specific implementation details of step 201 are substantially the same as step 101, and are not described herein again.
Specifically, the target signal in this embodiment further includes a power compensation signal. That is, there are two methods for monitoring the current power of the target signal in the transmission channel. One is to monitor the current power of the test signal, and the other is to: the total current power of the test signal and the power compensation signal is monitored.
Specifically, step 203 may calculate the power variation of the test signal according to the current power value of the test signal and the pre-recorded initial power value of the test signal. The total power variation of the test signal and the power compensation signal can also be calculated according to the current total power value of the test signal and the power compensation signal and the pre-recorded initial total power value of the test signal and the power compensation signal.
It should be noted that, the traffic signal in the transmission channel generally does not have power fluctuation, and the power value thereof generally remains stable. Thus, step 202 may also monitor the total power of all signals (test signal, power compensation signal, and traffic signal) in the transmission channel, but the total power of all signals varies by substantially the same amount as the total power of the test signal and the power compensation signal.
In addition, no matter the signal transmission method monitors the target signal power in real time or periodically monitors the target signal power, the power value of the target signal at the last moment is stored, so that the power variation of the target signal can be calculated in the following process.
And step 204, adjusting parameters of the power compensation signal according to the target signal power variation to keep the optical power of the transmission channel stable.
Specifically, if the target signal power variation is calculated to be a positive value, it is indicated that the power of the test signal is increased, and accordingly, the power of the power compensation signal is decreased. If the power variation of the target signal is calculated to be a negative value, it indicates that the power of the test signal is reduced, and accordingly, the power of the power compensation signal is increased. Adjusting the parameters of the power compensation signal may include: the power value of the power compensation signal, the spectral width of the power compensation signal, and the amplitude of the power compensation signal. Specifically, only one of the parameters may be adjusted, or a plurality of parameters may be adjusted.
Such as: in an initial state, the power of a test signal just accessed to a transmission channel is P1, and the power of a power compensation signal is Q1; in the test signal adjusting process, the power change of the test signal accessed to the transmission channel is obtained as P2 according to the test signal detection result, and the power compensation signal adjusting target value is Q2= Q1- (P2-P1).
It should be noted that, when the power compensation signal is adjusted to stabilize the power of the entire transmission channel, the present application only needs to keep the optical power of the entire transmission channel at a constant value, and does not pay attention to what this value is.
According to the signal transmission method, the power compensation signal is introduced into the transmission channel of the test signal, and the parameter of the power compensation signal is adjusted according to the current optical power of the transmission channel so as to maintain the power of the whole transmission channel stable. The method transmits the power compensation signal and the test signal no matter the parameter of the test signal changes or the transmission channel of the test signal changes, realizes power compensation by adjusting the parameter of the power compensation signal in the transmission process of the test signal, keeps the power of the whole transmission channel stable, and effectively reduces the influence of the test signal on the network service.
Another embodiment of the present application relates to a signal transmission system, which is applied to transmission of test signals in an OTN network, and as shown in fig. 3, the signal transmission system includes:
a signal detection unit 301, configured to monitor current power of a target signal in a transmission channel and feed back the current power to a signal conditioning unit, where the target signal at least includes a test signal;
the signal adjusting unit 302 is configured to obtain a power compensation signal; and adjusting the parameter of the power compensation signal according to the current power of the target signal fed back by the signal detection unit 301 to keep the optical power of the transmission channel stable.
A signal multiplexing unit 303, configured to access the power compensation signal into a transmission channel of the test signal.
Specifically, the signal detection unit 301 may be an Optical Performance detector (OPM), and may Monitor indexes such as Optical power, central wavelength, and Optical signal-to-noise ratio of the transmission channel on line. The signal conditioning unit 302 may be an adjustable signal attenuator, such as: wavelength Selective Switch (WSS). The signal multiplexing unit 303 may be a multiplexer OMU. A feedback loop is formed among the signal detection unit, the signal adjusting unit and the signal multiplexing unit.
In this embodiment, when the signal detection unit 301 monitors the current power value of the test signal, the whole transmission channel at least includes: a traffic signal, a test signal, and a power compensation signal. The three have different wavelengths. Therefore, the test signal in the transmission channel can be quickly determined by the wavelength, so that the power value of the current test signal can be determined. The current power of the target signal can be monitored in real time or periodically.
In this embodiment, the transmission channel includes a plurality of sub-channels, and the test signal is transmitted in one of the plurality of sub-channels. When the signal multiplexing unit 303 inserts the power compensation signal into the transmission channel of the test signal, there are two access methods. One is that: and connecting the power compensation signal into the same subchannel as the test signal for transmission. The other is as follows: and connecting the power compensation signal into a different subchannel from the test signal for transmission.
Such as: the transmission channel has a bandwidth of 50M and has two sub-channels, each of which has a bandwidth of 25M for sub-channel 1 and sub-channel 2, wherein the test signal is transmitted in sub-channel 1. The power compensation signal can share one sub-channel bandwidth with the test signal, or can occupy one sub-channel independently. I.e. the power compensation signal may share one sub-channel 1 with the test signal or may be switched into sub-channel 2. However, no matter whether the power compensation signal and the test signal are in one sub-channel or not, the power compensation with the test signal can be realized by adjusting the parameter of the power compensation signal, and the power stability of the whole transmission channel is further ensured.
In addition, the wavelengths of the test signal, the power compensation signal and the service signal cannot be the same, and the transmission of the test signal and the power compensation signal cannot affect the transmission of the normal service signal. The access of the power compensation signal can be at any time, the power compensation signal can be simultaneously accessed into the transmission channel with the test signal, the power compensation signal can be accessed into the transmission channel before the test signal, and the power compensation signal can be accessed after the test signal is accessed. The signal transmission system of the application pays attention to power change caused in the transmission process of the test signal, and does not pay attention to power change generated at the moment of test signal access, or power fluctuation generated at the moment of test signal access to a channel is considered as normal fluctuation. Of course, the power compensation signal access time also generates power fluctuation, which is also considered as normal fluctuation.
Specifically, the signal conditioning unit 302 is configured to calculate a power variation of the target signal according to a current power value of the target signal and a pre-recorded initial power value of the target signal; and adjusting the parameter of the power compensation signal according to the target signal power variation to keep the optical power of the transmission channel stable.
It should be noted that the signal adjusting unit 302 includes a calculation control unit, which can directly calculate the power variation of the target signal according to the current power value of the target signal detected by the signal detecting unit 301 and the pre-recorded initial power value of the target signal, so as to perform adjustment. The signal detecting unit 301 may also report the current power value of the detected target signal to the network management system, and the network management system calculates and issues a control and adjustment command to the signal adjusting unit 302 according to the initial power value of the target signal that is pre-stored.
Additionally, adjusting the parameter of the power compensation signal may include: the power value of the power compensation signal, the spectral width of the power compensation signal, and the amplitude of the power compensation signal. When the parameters of the power compensation signal are adjusted according to the current power of the target signal, only one parameter can be adjusted independently, and a plurality of parameters can also be adjusted simultaneously. Such as: the spectral width of the power compensation signal is adjusted only, or both the power value and the spectral width are adjusted. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the optical power can be increased by broadening the spectral width of the signal and decreased by narrowing the spectral width of the signal without changing the amplitude.
In this embodiment, the target signal further includes a power compensation signal. That is, there are two methods for the signal detection unit 301 to monitor the current power of the target signal in the transmission channel. One is to monitor the current power of the test signal, and the other is to: the total current power of the test signal and the power compensation signal is monitored.
Accordingly, the signal adjusting unit 302 may calculate the power variation of the test signal according to the current power value of the test signal and the pre-recorded initial power value of the test signal. The total power variation of the test signal and the power compensation signal can also be calculated according to the current total power value of the test signal and the power compensation signal and the pre-recorded initial total power value of the test signal and the power compensation signal. It should be noted that, the traffic signal in the transmission channel generally does not have power fluctuation, and the power value thereof generally remains stable. Therefore, the signal detection unit 301 can also monitor the total power of all signals (the test signal, the power compensation signal and the traffic signal) in the transmission channel, but the total power variation of all signals is substantially the same as the variation of the total power of the test signal and the power compensation signal.
Further, as shown in fig. 4, the signal transmission system may further include:
a signal generating unit 304, configured to generate a power compensation signal, where a wavelength of the power compensation signal is different from a wavelength of the test signal;
a signal routing unit 305 for routing the power compensated signal to the signal detection unit.
Specifically, the signal generating unit 303 may be an Optical Amplifier (OA) or a single wavelength tunable laser. The signal routing unit 304 may be a wavelength selective switch.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, the optical amplifiers OA1 and OA2 serve as signal generating units, the wavelength selective switch WSS1 serves as a signal adjusting unit, the OPM serves as a signal detecting unit, and the combiner OMU serves as a signal multiplexing unit. The wide-spectrum signal light is formed by spontaneous emission noise ASE generated by OA1, amplified to proper optical power by OA2 and then used as a power compensation signal to enter WSS1, and then the power compensation signal is accessed to a transmission channel of a test signal through an OMU (open management unit), and the rest devices and connection modes in the graph 5 are common architectures of service signal transmission in an OTN (optical transport network). The OA4 includes an optical splitter, which is used to split a part of light from the optical amplifier for detection by the OPM.
In another embodiment, as shown in fig. 6, since there are two traffic signals in the whole transmission system, which are transmitted in two directions, respectively, two power compensation signals are generated, whose wavelengths are λ 1 and λ 2, respectively. It should be noted that, because the WSS has a flexible wavelength selection function and an attenuation adjustment function, the WSS1 can be used as a signal adjustment unit to adjust a power compensation signal, and can also be used as a part of a signal generation unit, that is, ASE noise of OA1 forms a wide-spectrum signal light, which is amplified to a suitable optical power by OA2 and then enters the WSS1, and the wide-spectrum signal light is adjusted by the WSS1 to output two power compensation signals with wavelengths λ 1 and λ 2, respectively.
The WSS2, as a signal routing unit, routes the power compensation signal with wavelength λ 1 to the direction 1 and routes the power compensation signal with wavelength λ 2 to the direction 2. When the test signal is switched from the direction 1 to the direction 2, the receiving station signal detection unit OPM 1 in the direction 1 detects that the integral power of the dynamic signal is reduced, and in order to keep the total power of the signal in the transmission channel in the direction 1 consistent, the WSS1 directly and synchronously adjusts the attenuation amount of the power compensation signal with the wavelength λ 1 according to the detection result of the OPM 1, so as to improve the integral power of the power compensation signal. Therefore, the power of the direction 1 channel is stable in the dynamic signal transmission process. Meanwhile, when a receiving station signal detection unit OPM 2 in the direction 2 detects that a test signal is accessed in and the integral power of the dynamic signal is increased, in order to keep the total power of signals in a transmission channel in the direction 2 consistent, the WSS1 directly and synchronously adjusts the attenuation amount of a power compensation signal with the wavelength of lambda 2 according to the detection result of the OPM 2, and reduces the integral power of the power compensation signal. Therefore, the stability of the power of the direction 2 channel in the transmission process of the test signal is realized.
It should be noted that, in order to highlight the innovative part of the present invention, the elements which are not so closely related to solve the technical problem proposed by the present invention are not introduced in the present embodiment, but this does not indicate that there are no other elements in the present embodiment.
In addition, it should be understood that the division of the steps of the above methods is only for clarity of description, and the implementation can be combined into one step or split some steps, and the division into multiple steps is within the scope of protection of the present patent as long as the same logical relationship is included; it is within the scope of the patent to add insignificant modifications to the flow or to introduce insignificant design, but not to change the core design of the flow.
It should be understood that the present embodiment is a system embodiment corresponding to the signal transmission method embodiment, and the present embodiment can be implemented in cooperation with the above embodiments. The related technical details mentioned in the above embodiments are still valid in this embodiment, and are not described herein again in order to reduce repetition. Accordingly, the related art details mentioned in the present embodiment can also be applied to the above-described method embodiments.
It will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the foregoing embodiments are specific examples for carrying out the present application, and that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application in practice.
Claims (9)
1. A signal transmission method is applied to transmission of test signals in an OTN network, and the signal transmission method comprises the following steps:
acquiring a power compensation signal, and accessing the power compensation signal into a transmission channel of the test signal;
monitoring the current power of a target signal in the transmission channel, wherein the target signal at least comprises a test signal;
and adjusting the parameter of the power compensation signal according to the current power of the target signal so as to keep the optical power of the transmission channel stable.
2. The signal transmission method of claim 1, wherein the wavelength of the power compensation signal is different from the wavelength of the dynamic signal.
3. The signal transmission method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the transmission channel includes a plurality of sub-channels, and the test signal is transmitted in one of the plurality of sub-channels;
the switching the power compensation signal into the transmission channel of the test signal comprises:
the power compensation signal is connected to the same subchannel with the test signal for transmission; alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
and switching the power compensation signal into a different sub-channel from the test signal for transmission.
4. The signal transmission method according to claim 1, wherein the adjusting the parameter of the power compensation signal according to the current power of the target signal to keep the optical power of the transmission channel stable comprises:
calculating the power variation of the target signal according to the current power value of the target signal and the pre-recorded initial power value of the target signal;
and adjusting the parameter of the power compensation signal according to the target signal power variation to keep the optical power of the transmission channel stable.
5. The signal transmission method according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the target signal further includes: the power compensation signal.
6. The signal transmission method according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the parameters of the power compensation signal comprise: a power value of the power compensation signal, a spectral width of the power compensation signal.
7. A signal transmission system, for transmission of test signals in an OTN network, the signal transmission system comprising:
the signal detection unit is used for monitoring the current power of a target signal in a transmission channel and feeding back the current power to the signal regulation unit, wherein the target signal at least comprises a test signal;
the signal adjusting unit is used for acquiring a power compensation signal; adjusting parameters of the power compensation signal according to the current power of a target signal fed back by the signal detection unit so as to keep the optical power of the transmission channel stable;
and the signal multiplexing unit is used for connecting the power compensation signal into a transmission channel of the test signal.
8. The signal transmission system according to claim 7, further comprising:
the signal generating unit is used for generating the power compensation signal, wherein the wavelength of the power compensation signal is different from that of the test signal;
and the signal routing unit is used for routing and transmitting the power compensation signal to the signal detection unit.
9. The signal transmission system of claim 8, wherein the signal conditioning unit is an adjustable attenuation device; the signal generating unit is an optical amplifier or a single-wavelength tunable laser.
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| CN202110996594.6A CN115733574A (en) | 2021-08-27 | 2021-08-27 | Signal transmission method and system |
| PCT/CN2022/107383 WO2023024782A1 (en) | 2021-08-27 | 2022-07-22 | Signal transmission method and system |
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| CN202110996594.6A CN115733574A (en) | 2021-08-27 | 2021-08-27 | Signal transmission method and system |
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| JP3522509B2 (en) * | 1997-10-17 | 2004-04-26 | 富士通株式会社 | Optical transmission device and optical communication system |
| EP0994583B1 (en) * | 1998-10-13 | 2001-09-12 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Method and apparatus for controlling the optical power of an optical transmission signal |
| US6563614B1 (en) * | 1999-05-21 | 2003-05-13 | Corvis Corporation | Optical transmission system and amplifier control apparatuses and methods |
| JP4001782B2 (en) * | 2002-06-13 | 2007-10-31 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Gain shape adjustment method and system |
| CN1288859C (en) * | 2003-09-23 | 2006-12-06 | 华为技术有限公司 | Dynamic gain balance system and method of realizing same |
| EP3098988B1 (en) * | 2015-05-28 | 2019-01-09 | Alcatel Lucent | Reliable and flexible optical device for loading ase signal between multiplexed channels in a transmission line, and associated apparatus |
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