CN115722191A - Biomass carbon for enhancing Cd and Pb removal capacity of water body and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Biomass carbon for enhancing Cd and Pb removal capacity of water body and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-REOHCLBHSA-N L-aspartic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(O)=O CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 235000003704 aspartic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- OQFSQFPPLPISGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-carboxyaspartic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(N)C(C(O)=O)C(O)=O OQFSQFPPLPISGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 26
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- 238000003828 vacuum filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
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- SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glutaraldehyde Chemical compound O=CCCCC=O SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
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- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
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- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 15
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- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
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- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004695 Polyether sulfone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006229 amino acid addition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- WLZRMCYVCSSEQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium(2+) Chemical compound [Cd+2] WLZRMCYVCSSEQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- Water Treatment By Sorption (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses biomass carbon for enhancing the removal capacity of Cd and Pb in a water body and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the biomass carbon and an aspartic acid polymer are subjected to mixed reaction, and the specific steps are as follows: firstly, adding the aspartic acid polymer into water, and stirring until the aspartic acid polymer is completely dissolved; and then adding biomass carbon, continuously mixing under magnetic stirring, removing a liquid part in a vacuum filtration device, repeating the steps for many times, and drying to obtain the biomass carbon material coated with the aspartic acid. The method for synthesizing the biomass carbon material is simple, easy to operate and high in synthesis efficiency, and the synthesized biomass carbon material has the advantages of smooth surface, large specific surface area, strong adsorption capacity on heavy metals in a water body, greenness, environmental friendliness and sustainability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of water heavy metal pollution remediation and green adsorption material synthesis, and particularly relates to biomass carbon for enhancing the removal capacity of Cd and Pb in a water body, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Heavy metals are pollutants which are introduced into an environmental medium from modern industrial, agricultural and domestic sewage and have high toxicity, high durability, high accumulation and difficult degradation, non-point source pollution caused by the heavy metals in soil and water bodies is widely concerned, particularly, the heavy metals in the water bodies have various substance forms, so that the heavy metals can be relatively stable, a large number of aquatic animals, plants and microorganisms in the water bodies are seriously influenced, and a lot of activities related to human beings are inseparably connected with the water body environment, so that the possibility of the human body for absorbing the heavy metals is increased to a certain extent, and potential harm is generated to the human body. Heavy metal pollution of water bodies becomes a hot environmental problem, eight public nuisance events with global attention occur in the 30-60 th century, and in the events, the harm caused by heavy metal pollution accounts for two times, wherein the osteodynia caused by Cd is mainly caused by kidney disorder, chondropathy, endocrine dyscrasia and other symptoms caused by eating rice containing Cd by human bodies. This explains that Cd can accumulate in plant tissues and is highly harmful to humans. Pb is also one of three major heavy metals, which has high accumulation property, and the accumulation of a certain amount of Pb in a human body causes severe damage to a blood system and a nervous system, the human body potentially accumulates Pb mainly through the intake of drinking water, and the main source of Pb in a water body is caused by indirect discharge of industrial wastewater or direct contact with a lead-containing raw material.
The biomass carbon material is a green, environment-friendly and sustainable adsorbent material which can well solve the environmental pollution of water bodies, can effectively adsorb heavy metals in water bodies so as to reduce the metal content of the water bodies, and the application of the adsorbent material to repair the heavy metal pollution of the water bodies becomes an effective means.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, in order to develop a green harmless adsorption material, the invention provides a green adsorbent based on amino acid and biomass carbon as raw materials, which is prepared by sintering corn straw as a raw material at a high temperature to obtain raw biochar, pretreating the biochar with hydrochloric acid to obtain raw treated biochar, mixing the biochar with an aspartic acid polymer for reaction, and finally coating the aspartic acid polymer on the surface of the biochar.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of biomass carbon for enhancing the Cd and Pb removal capacity of a water body comprises the following steps:
(1) Adding the aspartic acid polymer into water, stirring until the aspartic acid polymer is completely dissolved, then adding biomass carbon into the aspartic acid polymer, stirring for reaction, and performing vacuum filtration to remove liquid after the reaction is finished;
(2) Repeatedly filtering for many times, and finally drying to obtain the biomass carbon material coated with the aspartic acid.
Preferably, the aspartic acid polymer is a homopolymer hydrolyzed sodium salt of ammonium salt of Z-2-butenedioic acid; the mass ratio of the aspartic acid polymer to the water is 1:200.
preferably, the biomass carbon is corn stalk biomass carbon.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the biomass carbon to the aspartic acid polymer is 1:1.
preferably, the stirring reaction temperature is 25 ℃, magnetic stirring is adopted, the stirring speed is 250-300rpm, and the reaction time is 3 hours.
Preferably, glutaraldehyde is further added in the step (1), and the mass ratio of the aspartic acid polymer to the glutaraldehyde is 1: (0-1.5).
Preferably, the step (2) is repeated for 3-5 times, and the drying is carried out in an electric heating constant-temperature air-blast drying oven at the temperature of 60 ℃ for 12-16h.
The invention also provides the biomass carbon which is prepared by the technical scheme and is used for enhancing the Cd and Pb removing capacity of the water body.
Preferably, the application specifically comprises: putting biomass carbon into a water body to be treated, stirring and reacting, wherein the mass ratio of the biomass carbon to the water body to be treated is (0-2): 25, the reaction temperature is 15-45 ℃, and the reaction lasts for 24 hours at the rotating speed of 150-250 rpm.
The invention also discloses application of the biomass carbon prepared by the technical scheme for enhancing the removal capacity of the Cd and Pb in the water body in removing the Cd and Pb in the water body.
According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention discloses the biomass carbon for enhancing the removal capacity of Cd and Pb in the water body and the preparation method thereof, and the biomass carbon has the following beneficial effects:
the biomass carbon material coated by the aspartic acid polymer has the advantages of greenness, safety and high economic value; and the synthesis process of the biomass carbon material coated by the aspartic acid polymer is simple and efficient, and the time and the cost are greatly saved in the practical application. The removal of Cd and Pb in the water body is enhanced through the biomass carbon material coated by the aspartic acid polymer, and the biomass carbon material can be used as a sustainable adsorbing material.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a scanning electron micrograph of a virgin biomass carbon material of example 1;
FIG. 2 is a scanning electron micrograph of the biomass carbon material prepared in example 1;
FIG. 3 is a bar graph of Cd removal rate of biomass carbon materials synthesized with different amino acid addition amounts;
FIG. 4 is a bar graph of Cd removal rates for different reaction systems of application example 1.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments of the present invention, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Mixing corn stalk biomass carbon and an aspartic acid polymer according to a solid ratio of 1:1, mixing the mixture in a 200mL ultrapure water system, magnetically stirring the mixture for 3 hours at the speed of 250-300rpm at the temperature of 25 ℃, removing excessive water by vacuum filtration, adding ultrapure water, repeatedly performing suction filtration for 3 times, and drying the mixture for 12-16 hours at the temperature of 60 ℃ to obtain the biomass carbon material.
The surface micro-topography of the biomass carbon and the reacted biomass carbon material is shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the surface of the original biomass carbon material is rough, while the surface of the biomass carbon material treated in example 1 is smoother, and the specific chemical bond is introduced to the surface of the biomass carbon to increase the adsorption capacity of the biomass carbon.
In order to examine the effect of different amounts of aspartic acid polymer added on the biomass carbon material, the following tests were carried out:
the method comprises the following steps: in the mixed system in the embodiment 1, biomass carbon materials with different amino acid addition amounts are synthesized by changing the addition amounts of the aspartic acid polymer to be 0.1, 0.2 and 0.5g respectively and keeping other conditions unchanged;
step two: adding chlorination septum into an ultrapure water system to achieve the ion concentration of 50mg/L, namely cadmium ion polluted aqueous solution, putting 25mg of the synthesized biomass carbon material into 25mL of cadmium ion polluted aqueous solution, placing on a shaker, horizontally shaking at 25 ℃,250rpm for 24h, sucking the solution, filtering by using a PES (polyether sulfone) filter membrane to obtain clear solution, and analyzing the Cd ion concentration of the clear solution by adopting ICP-OES (inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry).
As shown in FIG. 3, the removal rate of Cd in the water body of the synthesized biomass carbon material is gradually increased with the change of the addition of the aspartic acid polymer from 0.1 to 1g, which indicates that the synthesis process of the biomass carbon material is stable.
In order to examine the processing capacity of the biomass carbon treated by the method of the present invention, the following test was performed: test 1:
and (3) removing Cd in the water body by using the original biomass carbon and the biomass carbon material in the embodiment 1, controlling the addition amount of the biomass carbon material to be different so as to achieve different reaction systems of 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3g/L, and keeping the other reaction conditions the same as the second step.
As can be seen from fig. 4, the biomass carbon material synthesized in example 1 has better removal effect on Cd in water than the original biomass carbon material, and additionally, the dosage of the biomass carbon material is increased, and the removal rate of Cd is increased, which indicates that the biomass carbon material synthesized in example 1 can become a non-toxic adsorbent material for practical heavy metal pollution application, thereby greatly saving cost.
Test 2:
the original biomass carbon and the biomass carbon material prepared in the example 1 are applied to remove Cd and Pb in a water body, a reaction system is fixed, the density of the biomass carbon material is 1g/L, and the concentrations of Cd and Pb in a heavy metal polluted water solution are 50mg/L and 100mg/L respectively. The other reaction process is the same as the second step. The results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 removal of Cd and Pb from water by biomass carbon material
The above results show that the removal rates of Cd and Pb in the water body of the biomass carbon material synthesized in example 1 are 61.8% and 23.5%, respectively, which are higher than those of the original biomass carbon material by about 3.6 times and 3.2 times, respectively. This indicates that the biomass carbon material synthesized in example 1 can enhance the removal of Cd and Pb from the water body.
In conclusion, the biomass carbon material coated by the aspartic acid polymer has the effect of enhancing the removal of Cd and Pb in the water body, and is expected to become an effective means for preventing and controlling heavy metal pollution.
In the present specification, the embodiments are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. The device disclosed in the embodiment corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiment, so that the description is simple, and the relevant points can be referred to the description of the method part.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of biomass carbon for enhancing Cd and Pb removal capacity of a water body is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Adding the aspartic acid polymer into water, stirring until the aspartic acid polymer is completely dissolved, then adding biomass carbon into the water, stirring for reaction, and performing vacuum filtration to remove liquid after the reaction is finished;
(2) Repeatedly performing suction filtration for many times, and finally drying to obtain the biomass carbon material coated with the aspartic acid.
2. The method for preparing the biomass carbon for enhancing the Cd and Pb removal capacity of the water body according to claim 1, wherein the aspartic acid polymer is a homopolymer hydrolyzed sodium salt of ammonium salt of Z-2-butenedioic acid; the mass ratio of the aspartic acid polymer to the water is 1:200.
3. the method for preparing the biomass carbon for enhancing the Cd and Pb removal capacity of the water body as claimed in claim 1, wherein the biomass carbon is corn straw biomass carbon.
4. The method for preparing the biomass carbon for enhancing the Cd and Pb removal capacity of the water body according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the biomass carbon to the aspartic acid polymer is 1:1.
5. the preparation method of biomass carbon for enhancing Cd and Pb removal capacity of water body according to claim 1, wherein the stirring reaction temperature is 25 ℃, magnetic stirring is adopted, the stirring speed is 250-300rpm, and the reaction time is 3h.
6. The method for preparing the biomass carbon for enhancing the Cd and Pb removal capacity of the water body according to claim 1, wherein glutaraldehyde is further added in the step (1), and the mass ratio of the aspartic acid polymer to the glutaraldehyde is 1: (0-1.5).
7. The preparation method of biomass carbon for enhancing Cd and Pb removal capacity of water body according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the drying is carried out 3-5 times, and the biomass carbon is dried in an electrothermal constant temperature air drying oven at 60 ℃ for 12-16h.
8. A biomass carbon as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7 for enhancing Cd and Pb removal capacity of a body of water.
9. Use of the biomass carbon for enhancing the Cd and Pb removal capacity of a water body according to any one of claims 1 to 8 in the Cd and Pb removal of a water body.
10. The application of the biomass carbon for enhancing Cd and Pb removal capacity of the water body as claimed in claim 9, wherein the biomass carbon is put into the water body to be treated for stirring reaction, and the mass ratio of the biomass carbon to the water body to be treated is (0-2): 25, the reaction temperature is 15-45 ℃, and the reaction lasts for 24 hours at the rotating speed of 150-250 rpm.
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