CN115721375A - Bone tunnel construction guider - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of medical devices. The bone tunnel construction guider comprises a guider body, wherein a positioning crochet hook is arranged at the upper end of the guider body, and a guide cylinder is arranged at the lower part of the guider body; the tail end of the positioning crochet hook is provided with a positioning head which is positioned on the axis of the guide cylinder; the bone nail is used for penetrating into a bone block of a human body to provide a fixing base for the body; the middle section of the body is a bony fixing section; be provided with on the fixed section of osseous character and can lead the puncture of bone nail, and can carry out the osseous fixation mechanism that locks with body and bone nail after the bone nail puncture is accomplished. The invention can realize the bone fixation of the guider body, ensure that the guider body does not lose position, further ensure the stable guidance of the guide cylinder to the drill point, and overcome the defect of inaccurate body surface fixation in the prior art.

Description

Bone tunnel construction guider

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of medical auxiliary equipment, in particular to a bone tunnel construction guider.

Background

In minimally invasive joint soft tissue repair, soft tissues such as periosteum injury and ligament injury are common repair objects. At present, the traditional arthroscope can only realize basic repair of superficial soft tissues, and for deeper soft tissue injuries, bone puncture is usually performed under the arthroscope in the prior art, so that a bone tunnel is constructed at the soft tissue injury position and directly reaches the injury position through the bone tunnel, and the soft tissues are repaired more accurately, stably and efficiently. However, at present, in the process of establishing the bone tunnel, the operation experience and performance of an operating physician are mainly relied on, and the bone tunnel often cannot directly support the damaged part due to lack of guidance and positioning in the process of establishing the bone tunnel, so that the terminal of the bone tunnel and the actual damaged part have larger deviation, the subsequent operation is inconvenient, or the bone tunnel needs to be reconstructed, the treatment effect is further influenced, and the core advantages of the bone tunnel cannot be exerted. Therefore, how to reasonably and effectively guide the bone tunnel drilling becomes a difficult problem to be solved in the field. Meanwhile, due to the fact that the skin, the muscle, the fat and other soft tissues are isolated on the surface of the human joint, the soft tissues are rich in elasticity, effective fixation of the guider cannot be achieved through traditional body surface fixation, and therefore accurate positioning of the drill point in the drilling process cannot be achieved.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a bone tunnel construction guide capable of realizing bone fixation.

In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a bone tunnel construction guider comprises a guider body, wherein the upper end of the guider body is provided with a positioning crochet hook, and the lower part of the guider body is provided with a guide cylinder; the tail end of the positioning crochet hook is provided with a positioning head which is positioned on the axis of the guide cylinder;

the bone nail is used for penetrating into a bone block of a human body to provide a fixed foundation for the body; the middle section of the body is a bony fixing section; be provided with on the fixed section of bony nature and can lead to the puncture of bone nail, and can lock the bony nature fixed establishment with body and bone nail after the bone nail puncture is accomplished.

Preferably, the bony fixing segment is shaped like a Chinese character '21274', and the middle part of the bony fixing segment is provided with a fixing plate;

the bone fixing mechanism comprises a vertical nail guiding strip which is arranged on one side of the fixing plate close to the human body joint, and a strip hole which extends along the length direction of the nail guiding strip and is matched with the bone nail is arranged on the nail guiding strip;

the bone fixation mechanism further comprises a locking assembly for locking the bone screw to the fixation plate.

Preferably, the locking assembly comprises an internal thread sleeve arranged on one surface of the fixing plate in the protruding direction, a locking bolt is arranged in the internal thread sleeve, and the locking bolt is in threaded fit with the internal thread sleeve; the locking assembly further comprises a locking cap, and a locking hole which transversely penetrates through the locking cap and is used for a bone nail to penetrate through is formed in the side face of the locking cap;

a circular cap hole matched with the locking cap is formed in the fixing plate corresponding to the internal thread sleeve, the locking cap penetrates through the cap hole, and one end, provided with a cap edge, of the locking cap faces the locking bolt; the end part of the locking bolt is provided with an accommodating cavity matched with the brim of the locking cap; the cap edge is positioned in the accommodating cavity and forms rotating fit with the locking bolt.

Preferably, a nail supporting barrel is arranged in the cap hole in a penetrating manner, and the nail supporting barrel is sleeved outside the locking cap; two inverted U-shaped nail supporting grooves are symmetrically arranged on two sides of one end, far away from the locking bolt, of the nail supporting barrel.

Preferably, the positioning crochet hook is detachably connected with the body, and the upper end of the body is provided with an installation column with a triangular cross section; one end of the positioning crochet hook, which is far away from the positioning head, is provided with an end sleeve matched with the mounting column, and the end sleeve is sleeved outside the mounting column; the upper end of the mounting column is provided with a threaded blind hole and is matched with a hook pin bolt; the end sleeve is tightly propped against the mounting column through the crochet hook bolt.

Preferably, the guide cylinder is adjustable in position along its axis.

Preferably, a bent arm is arranged on one side of the lower end of the body, which is opposite to the positioning crochet hook, the tail end of the bent arm is provided with a guide chute, and the cross section of a chute cavity of the guide chute is in a T shape; the upper portion of guide cylinder is provided with the direction back of the body that matches with the direction spout, the direction back of the body is worn to establish in the direction spout, and can slide or lock along the length direction of direction spout.

Preferably, the top of the guide ridge is provided with a top groove which has an inverted T-shaped cross section and extends along the length direction of the guide ridge, the inner side wall of the shoulder of the top groove is provided with a first locking tooth, a locking block matched with the top groove is further arranged in the top groove, and the top surface of the locking block is provided with a second locking tooth;

an unlocking button is arranged at the top of the guide sliding chute, penetrates through a sliding hole in the guide sliding chute and is connected with the locking block; and a jacking spring is arranged between the head of the locking button and the upper surface of the guide sliding groove.

Preferably, the cross section of the guide cylinder is waist-shaped, guide caps in threaded connection with the guide cylinder are arranged at two ends of the guide cylinder, and a guide hole is formed in the center of each guide cap.

Preferably, an operation handle is arranged on one side of the lower part of the body, which is far away from the guide cylinder.

Preferably, the lower extreme of body still is provided with the connector that is used for connecting moulding bracing piece.

The beneficial effects of the invention are concentrated and expressed as follows: can realize that the osseous nature of director body is fixed, guarantee that the director body does not lose the position, and then ensure the guide cylinder to the stable direction of drill point, overcome among the prior art fixed not accurate defect of body surface. Specifically, in the use process, the positioning crochet hook is inserted into the joint from the joint gap by matching with an arthroscope, and the damaged part in the joint is searched through the positioning head. After the search is finished, under the guidance of the bone fixing mechanism, the bone nail is firstly used for puncturing into the bone block of the patient, and after the bone nail is punctured, the bone nail can be used as the fixing base for bone fixing. Then the guider body and the bone nail are locked, thereby ensuring the integral stability of the guider body. The unstable condition of fixation caused by the isolation of the soft tissue of the body surface under the existing body surface fixing mode is avoided. Then, a drilling nail (drill point) is used for penetrating through the guide cylinder for guiding drilling, and the positioning head is positioned on the axis of the guide cylinder, so that the consistency of the damage point indicated by the positioning head and the actual damage point can be ensured.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 isbase:Sub>A view from direction A-A of the structure shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of portion B of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of the locking cap;

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of the nail supporting barrel and the nail supporting groove in two states of no bone nail installation and bone nail installation;

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the staple cartridge;

FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of the portion C of FIG. 1;

FIG. 8 is a D-D view of the structure shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the guide cylinder;

fig. 10 is a schematic view of the end cap structure of the guide cylinder.

Detailed Description

As shown in fig. 1-10, a bone tunnel construction guide is mainly used in minimally invasive joint repair, and is used for constructing a bone tunnel at a soft tissue injury part such as periosteum, ligament and the like so as to realize deep repair of soft tissue.

As shown in fig. 1, the present invention includes a guide body 1, and the guide body 1 is generally made of a light-weight, high-strength medical grade titanium alloy material. The upper end of the body 1 is provided with a positioning crochet hook 2, and the lower part of the body 1 is provided with a guide cylinder 4. The tail end of the positioning crochet hook 2 is a positioning head 3, and the positioning head 3 is positioned on the axis of the guide cylinder 4, namely the axis indicated by the dotted line in fig. 1. The positioning crochet hook 2 is used for entering the interior of a joint through joint gap puncture so as to indicate a soft tissue injury part under an arthroscope, and further determines the guiding direction of the guiding cylinder 4, and the guiding cylinder 4 is used for guiding the needle inserting direction of a drill needle.

Since the present invention positioning crochet needle 2 requires skin puncture, it should be used with a disposable crochet needle or be easily disassembled for sterilization. Of course, during the replacement of the setting bearded needle 2, it should be ensured that the setting bearded needle 2, after being mounted in place, points (i.e. the position of the setting head 3 thereon) at all times with the guiding cylinder 4.

For this purpose, the invention preferably adopts a positionable installation form, as shown in fig. 1 and 7, the positioning crochet hook 2 is detachably connected with the body 1, and the upper end of the body 1 is provided with an installation column 18 with a triangular cross section, that is, the installation column 18 is a triangular column. Of course, other non-rotating body columns for positioning, such as a quadrangular column, a hexagonal column, etc., are also possible. One end of the positioning crochet hook 2 far away from the positioning head 3, namely the left end in fig. 1 and 7, is provided with an end sleeve 19 matched with the mounting column 18, and is sleeved outside the mounting column 18 through the end sleeve 19. The upper end of the mounting post 18 is provided with a threaded blind hole and is adapted with a hook bolt 20. The end sleeve 19 is held tightly against the mounting post 18 by a barbed bolt 20. The positioning crochet hook 2 can be quickly taken down by taking down the crochet hook bolt 20 so as to be convenient for replacing or taking down for disinfection treatment.

As shown in fig. 1, the invention is particularly characterized in that it further comprises a bone nail 5 for penetrating into a bone mass of a human body to provide a fixation basis for the body 1. The middle section of the body 1 is a bone fixing section. Be provided with on the fixed section of bony nature and can lead to the puncture of bone nail 5, and can lock the bony nature fixed establishment of body 1 with bone nail 5 after the puncture of bone nail 5 is accomplished. That is, when the bone nail 5 is punctured, the bone fixing mechanism on the bone fixing section can guide the needle inserting direction of the bone nail 5, but since the bone nail 5 is only used as a fixing base, the accuracy of the guiding can not be too much required, as long as the punctured bone nail 5 is substantially in the same plane with the bone fixing section of the body 1, which is convenient for subsequent locking. Simultaneously, accomplish at the puncture of bone nail 5 to form the fixed basis of ossification after, ossification fixed establishment can be well locked the fixed section of ossification of main part 1 with bone nail 5 again, thereby guarantee the stability of whole device, provide the prerequisite for the stable direction of guide cylinder 4.

In the using process, the positioning crochet hook 2 is generally matched with an arthroscope, the positioning crochet hook is inserted into the joint from the joint gap, and the damaged part in the joint is searched through the positioning head 3. After the search is finished, the bone nail 5 is firstly used for penetrating into the bone block of the patient under the guiding of the bone fixing mechanism, and after the penetration of the bone nail 5 is finished, the bone nail 5 can be used as the fixing base for bone fixing. Then the guider body 1 is locked with the bone nail 5, thereby ensuring the stability of the whole guider body 1. The unstable condition of fixation caused by the isolation of the soft tissue of the body surface under the existing body surface fixing mode is avoided. Then, a drilling nail (drill point) is used for penetrating through the guide cylinder 4 for guiding drilling, and the positioning head 3 is positioned on the axis of the guide cylinder 4, so that the consistency of the damage point indicated by the positioning head 3 and the actual damage point can be ensured.

Meanwhile, the closer the guide cylinder 4 is to the human body, the lower the flexibility influence on the drill point in the drilling process is, and theoretically, the better guiding accuracy is achieved. However, the individual difference of the patients is large, the thickness of the soft tissue on the body surface has large difference, and in order to better adapt to the actual use scene, the guide cylinder 4 of the invention is preferably capable of adjusting the distance. That is, the guide cylinder 4 can be adjusted in position along its own axis. The guide cylinder 4 can be adjusted in a sliding manner in the axial direction in many ways, and details are not described in the present invention.

Only one adjusting structure which is convenient to use and has good stability is shown, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 8-10, a bent arm 21 is arranged on one side of the lower end of the body 1 opposite to the positioning crochet hook 2, a guide chute 22 is arranged at the tail end of the bent arm 21, and the cross section of the chute cavity of the guide chute 22 is in a T shape. The upper part of the guide cylinder 4 is provided with a guide ridge 23 matched with the guide sliding groove 22, and the guide ridge 23 penetrates through the guide sliding groove 22 and can slide or be locked along the length direction of the guide sliding groove 22. The specific way of locking is, as shown in fig. 8 and 9: the top of direction back 23 is provided with the cross section and personally submits the top groove 24 that the T shape of falling, extend along direction back 23 length direction, be provided with first locking tooth 25 on the inside wall of top groove 24 shoulder, still be provided with in the top groove 24 with top groove 24 matched with locking block 26, the top surface of locking block 26 is provided with second locking tooth 27. An unlocking button 28 is arranged at the top of the guide sliding chute 22, and the unlocking button 28 passes through a sliding hole in the guide sliding chute 22 and is connected with the locking block 26. A jacking spring 29 is arranged between the head of the locking button 28 and the upper surface of the guide chute 22.

Under the action of the spring force of the jacking spring 29, the second locking tooth 27 on the locking block 26 is engaged with the first locking tooth 25 on the inner wall of the top groove 24 to form a lock. When adjustment is required, the guide cylinder 4 can be slid by pressing the unlock button 28 to disengage the first and second lock teeth 25, 27. In this form, as shown in fig. 8, since the lower surface of the guide chute 22 is a plane, in order to better fit with the upper surface of the guide cylinder 4, the cross section of the guide cylinder 4 may be designed to be waist-shaped, and guide holes 31 are provided at both ends of the guide cylinder 4, i.e., the drill bit may be guided by the guide holes 31. But in order to accommodate drill bits of different sizes, taking into account the different bone tunnel opening diameters in different situations. The invention can be better implemented by arranging guide caps 0 in threaded connection with the guide cylinder 4 at two ends of the guide cylinder 4, and arranging a guide hole 31 in the center of the guide cap 0. The diameter of the guide hole 31 on the guide cap 0 is changed by replacing different guide caps 0, so that the drill points with different diameters can be adapted.

In addition, it should be noted that the plane of penetration of the bone screw 5 according to the invention should be staggered with respect to the plane of drilling of the bone tunnel, so as to prevent mutual interference. For this purpose, it may be the simplest way to combine fig. 1 and 2, where the bony fixing segment is shaped like a letter 21274and the middle part of the bony fixing segment is the fixing plate 6. In the puncture process, the bone nail 5 clings to the plane of the fixing plate 6 for needle insertion, and the crossing of the position of the preset bone tunnel can be realized. The bigger the bending angle of the bony fixing section is, the lower the theoretical staggered risk is, and the bending distance can be designed according to practical application scenes due to the simpler structure, so that the repeated description is omitted herein.

The bone fixing mechanism has guiding performance on the bone nail 5 and locking performance on the bone nail 5. In terms of guidance, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the bone fixing mechanism comprises a vertical nail guiding strip 7 arranged on one side of the fixing plate 6 close to the human body joint, and a strip hole 8 which extends along the length direction of the nail guiding strip 7 and is matched with the bone nail 5 is arranged on the nail guiding strip 7. From the locking aspect, the osseous anchorage means also comprise a locking assembly for locking the bone screw 5 on the fixing plate 6.

The specific structure of the locking assembly is more, but a delicate form is disclosed in the text, which not only can adapt to various needle insertion angles of the bone nail 5, but also is very convenient to use. As shown in fig. 2 to 6, the locking assembly includes an internally threaded sleeve 9 provided on one side of the fixing plate 6 in the projecting direction, i.e., the left side in fig. 2, a locking bolt 10 being provided in the internally threaded sleeve 9, the locking bolt 10 being threadedly engaged with the internally threaded sleeve 9. As shown in fig. 4, the locking assembly further comprises a locking cap 11, and the side of the locking cap 11 is provided with a locking hole 12 which transversely penetrates the locking cap 11 and through which the bone screw 5 passes. A circular cap hole 13 matched with the locking cap 11 is formed in the fixing plate 6 corresponding to the internal thread sleeve 9, the locking cap 11 is arranged in the cap hole 13 in a penetrating mode, and one end, provided with a cap edge 14, of the locking cap 11 faces the locking bolt 10. The end of the locking bolt 10 is provided with a receiving cavity 15 adapted to the brim 14 of the locking cap 11. The cap rim 14 is located in the receiving cavity 15 and forms a rotational fit with the locking bolt 10.

In the using process, after the initial search of the damaged position is completed, the bone nail 5 penetrates through the locking hole 12 and the strip hole 8, and then a proper needle inserting position is selected according to the requirement to drill the bone nail 5. The bone screws 5 can be provided with one or two or even three, which can be selected according to actual needs. The present invention generally provides at least two sets of locking assemblies to lock two bone screws 5. After the bone nail 5 is driven into the bone block, the position of the positioning head 3 on the positioning crochet hook 2 is finely adjusted under the arthroscope again, and the accuracy of the indication of the injury position is ensured. The locking bolt 10 can then be screwed, and during the movement of the locking bolt 10, the locking cap 11 is pulled, so that the bone screw 5 is clamped on the fixing plate 6 by means of the locking hole 12 on the locking cap 11, and a stable fixation is achieved.

On the basis, the invention can be further provided that, as shown in fig. 3, 5 and 6, a nail supporting cylinder 16 is also arranged in the cap hole 13 in a penetrating manner, and the nail supporting cylinder 16 is sleeved outside the locking cap 11. Two inverted T-shaped nail supporting grooves 17 are symmetrically arranged on two sides of one end, far away from the locking bolt 10, of the nail supporting barrel 16. The nail cartridge 16 and the nail groove 17 can further guide the drilling of the bone nail 5, and simultaneously, the selection of the puncture angle of the bone nail 5 is not influenced because the nail cartridge can also rotate in the cap hole 13.

It is anticipated that the main body 1 of the present invention may be further provided with an operation handle 30 for the physician to operate, and a better position selection may be as shown in fig. 1, and the lower portion of the main body 1, which is far away from the guiding cylinder 4, is provided with the operation handle 30.

Of course, on the basis of the osseous fixation of the invention, traditional body surface fixation can be combined to further improve the stability, such as: the lower end of the body 1 is also provided with a connector 32 for connecting a shaping support rod. The shaping supporting rod is a bendable shaping metal rod, and after the shaping supporting rod is installed on the connector 32, the tail end of the shaping supporting rod can be connected with limbs in the form of a supporting ring or a hoop, and the like, so that the auxiliary supporting effect is realized.

Claims (10)

1. A bone tunnel construction guide, comprising: the guide device comprises a guide device body (1), wherein a positioning crochet hook (2) is arranged at the upper end of the body (1), and a guide cylinder (4) is arranged at the lower part of the body (1); the tail end of the positioning crochet hook (2) is provided with a positioning head (3), and the positioning head (3) is positioned on the axis of the guide cylinder (4);

the bone nail (5) is used for penetrating into a bone block of a human body to provide a fixing base for the body (1); the middle section of the body (1) is a bone fixing section; be provided with on the fixed section of osseous character and can lead the puncture of bone nail (5), and can be after the puncture of bone nail (5) is accomplished carry out the osseous fixation mechanism that locks body (1) and bone nail (5).

2. The bone tunnel construction guide of claim 1, wherein: the bone fixing section is shaped like a letter '21274', and the middle part of the bone fixing section is a fixing plate (6);

the bone fixing mechanism comprises a vertical nail guiding strip (7) which is arranged on one side of the fixing plate (6) close to the human body joint, and a strip hole (8) which extends along the length direction of the nail guiding strip (7) and is matched with the bone nail (5) is arranged on the nail guiding strip (7);

the bone fixation mechanism further comprises a locking assembly for locking the bone screw (5) on the fixation plate (6).

3. The bone tunnel construction guide of claim 2, wherein: the locking assembly comprises an internal thread sleeve (9) arranged on one surface of the fixing plate (6) in the protruding direction, a locking bolt (10) is arranged in the internal thread sleeve (9), and the locking bolt (10) is in threaded fit with the internal thread sleeve (9); the locking assembly further comprises a locking cap (11), and a locking hole (12) which transversely penetrates through the locking cap (11) and is used for the bone nail (5) to pass through is formed in the side surface of the locking cap (11);

a circular cap hole (13) matched with the locking cap (11) is formed in the fixing plate (6) corresponding to the internal thread sleeve (9), the locking cap (11) penetrates through the cap hole (13), and one end, provided with a cap edge (14), of the locking cap (11) faces towards the locking bolt (10); an accommodating cavity (15) matched with a cap edge (14) of the locking cap (11) is formed in the end part of the locking bolt (10); the cap edge (14) is positioned in the accommodating cavity (15) and forms a rotating fit with the locking bolt (10).

4. The bone tunnel construction guide of claim 3, wherein: a nail supporting barrel (16) is arranged in the cap hole (13) in a penetrating mode, and the nail supporting barrel (16) is sleeved outside the locking cap (11); two inverted T-shaped nail supporting grooves (17) are symmetrically arranged on two sides of one end, far away from the locking bolt (10), of the nail supporting barrel (16).

5. The bone tunnel construction guide of claim 4, wherein: the positioning crochet hook (2) is detachably connected with the body (1), and the upper end of the body (1) is provided with an installation column (18) with a triangular cross section; an end sleeve (19) matched with the mounting column (18) is arranged at one end of the positioning crochet hook (2) far away from the positioning head (3), and is sleeved outside the mounting column (18) through the end sleeve (19); the upper end of the mounting column (18) is provided with a threaded blind hole and is matched with a hook bolt (20); the end sleeve (19) is tightly propped against the mounting column (18) through a crochet hook bolt (20).

6. The bone tunnel construction guide of claim 5, wherein: the guide cylinder (4) can be adjusted in position along the axis of the guide cylinder.

7. The bone tunnel construction guide of claim 6, wherein: a bent arm (21) is arranged on one side of the lower end of the body (1) opposite to the positioning crochet hook (2), a guide sliding groove (22) is arranged at the tail end of the bent arm (21), and the cross section of a groove cavity of the guide sliding groove (22) is T-shaped; the upper portion of guide cylinder (4) is provided with direction back of the body (23) with direction spout (22) matched with, direction back of the body (23) is worn to establish in direction spout (22), and can slide or lock along the length direction of direction spout (22).

8. The bone tunnel construction guide of claim 7, wherein: the top of the guide ridge (23) is provided with a top groove (24) which is inverted T-shaped in cross section and extends along the length direction of the guide ridge (23), the inner side wall of the shoulder of the top groove (24) is provided with a first locking tooth (25), a locking block (26) matched with the top groove (24) is further arranged in the top groove (24), and the top surface of the locking block (26) is provided with a second locking tooth (27);

an unlocking button (28) is arranged at the top of the guide sliding groove (22), and the unlocking button (28) penetrates through a sliding hole in the guide sliding groove (22) and is connected with the locking block (26); and a jacking spring (29) is arranged between the head of the locking button (28) and the upper surface of the guide chute (22).

9. The bone tunnel construction guide of claim 8, wherein: the cross section of the guide cylinder (4) is waist-shaped, guide caps (0) in threaded connection with the guide cylinder (4) are arranged at two ends of the guide cylinder (4), and a guide hole (31) is formed in the center of each guide cap (0).

10. The bone tunnel construction guide of claim 9, wherein: an operation handle (30) is arranged on one side of the lower part of the body (1) far away from the guide cylinder (4).

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