CN115709042A

CN115709042A - Plasma cyclone reactor equipment and use method

Info

Publication number: CN115709042A
Application number: CN202211322921.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 孙震; 薛冬梅; 顾时雨; 王星浩
Original assignee: China India Hengsheng Beijing Trading Co ltd
Current assignee: China India Hengsheng Beijing Trading Co ltd
Priority date: 2022-10-27
Filing date: 2022-10-27
Publication date: 2023-02-24

Abstract

A plasma cyclone reactor apparatus and method of use is described, providing an apparatus for synergistically combining plasma with a comminuting device in a single reactor or in a single process step. In the apparatus of the invention, potential energy is converted into kinetic energy, which is subsequently converted into angular momentum by wave energy for crushing, reacting and separating the feed material. The invention also provides methods of using the apparatus in various process practices.

Description

Plasma cyclone reactor equipment and use method

Technical Field

An apparatus and method relating to the treatment of materials with plasma is disclosed.

Background

The most common greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide, methane, nitrogen oxides and ozone depleting substances, with methane emissions mainly coming from waste decomposition in landfills, manure and fermentation associated with livestock, natural gas systems and coal mining. N is a radical of ₂ The emission of O is mainly agricultural soil management and mobile fossil fuel combustion.

Particulate matter is another gaseous emission that can be considered solid waste. Coal-fired power plants, diesel engines, incinerators, and particulates produced by the combustion of biomass (e.g., straw, wood, bagasse, and charcoal). Particulate matter is a concern because very small particles may not be filtered by the respiratory system of a mammal. Municipal Solid Waste (MSW), commonly referred to as garbage or garbage, includes everyday items such as product packaging, lawns, furniture, clothing, bottles, food scraps, newspapers, appliances, paints, and batteries.

Disclosure of Invention

In one aspect, the invention includes a chemical reactor that synergistically combines a comminution (grinding) device with a plasma generation device. The invention comprises a device for applying a fluid plasma for comminution and chemical conversion in the same reaction vessel. In another aspect, the invention includes a chemical reactor and separator that cooperatively combines a plasma generation device with a separation device. In a further aspect of the invention, the comminution means is combined with the plasma generation means and the separation means in one reactor or process step. In another aspect, the invention includes angular momentum provided in part by the plasma device for pulverization, reaction and separation. In another aspect, the invention provides an apparatus comprising a memory, a set of radio frequency coils, and two or more jets or slits. The container has an interior defined by a cylindrical portion disposed between a first end and a second end, an outlet in the first end aligned with a longitudinal axis of the cylindrical portion, and at least one inlet in the first end for receiving material. The set of radio frequency coils is disposed around or inside the cylindrical portion to generate plasma inside. Two or more jets or slits are tangentially mounted in the cylindrical portion to direct the fluid or gas to the interior.

In another aspect, the invention provides an apparatus comprising a reservoir, a first plasma source, a second plasma source, and two or more jets or slits. The reservoir has an interior defined by a cylindrical portion disposed between a first end and a second end, an outlet in the second end aligned with a longitudinal axis of the cylindrical portion, and an inlet in the cylindrical portion for receiving material.

In another aspect, the present invention provides an apparatus comprising a memory and two or more plasma sources. The reservoir has a vertical longitudinal axis, a cylindrical middle portion aligned with the vertical longitudinal axis, a top, a bottom, one or more inlets disposed at the top to receive material, and an outlet aligned with the vertical longitudinal axis and disposed at the top or bottom. The two or more plasma sources are mounted tangentially in the cylindrical mid-section such that the plasma contacts are substantially aligned with each other in a horizontal plane relative to the vertical longitudinal axis. The plasma from the plasma sources is combined to generate sufficient angular momentum.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional top view of a first embodiment plasma jet vortex grinding reactor;

FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional top view of a second embodiment hyperplasma jet vortex milling reactor.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 1, the plasma torches are arranged tangentially to generate angular momentum that forms a plasma vortex. Solid materials such as Municipal Solid Waste (MSW), drill cuttings, red mud, coal dust, petroleum coke, electric wastes, etc. are delivered to an inlet while undergoing pulverization and reaction. The chemical reaction of the solid matter may be based on several variables, such as the composition of the solid matter, the fluid used in the plasma torch, the temperature of the reactor, and the flow rates of the solid matter and the fluid. For example, if water or steam is used as the fluid in the plasma torch, the solid waste is coal and the final reaction may be ash, hydrogen and carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, chlorine and other contaminants. However, if carbon dioxide is used as the plasma torch fluid, the solid waste is carbon or coke and the final reaction may be ash and carbon monoxide. The carbon monoxide may be steam reformed in a water gas shift reaction to produce hydrogen and carbon dioxide, or may be used or sold as a chemical feedstock. The reaction product flows to an outlet for further processing, for example in a scrubber, an amine unit for CO2 removal or direct use. It should be understood that the present invention may utilize a typical cyclone as the housing or reactor vessel. In this embodiment of the invention, the plasma jet vortex reactor also allows for the separation of ash or solid particulate matter from gases (hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide).

Referring to fig. 2, the gas or fluid of the plasma torch may be steam, VOC, CO2, air, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen or any other fluid capable of ionizing and forming a plasma. If the wave energy source is an electron beam, no fluid is required. In short, a stream of electrons acts to guide light first. If the plant fails, the RF field energizes or applies more energy to the RF coil as the volatile organic compounds or any other fluid flows into the reactor. The reactor may be designed to operate similar to a motor, where as the load or torque on the motor shaft increases, more current flows through the windings to increase the torque.

Claims

1. A plasma cyclone reactor apparatus and method of use characterized by: comprising a reservoir internally defined by a cylindrical portion disposed proximate to a first end and a conical portion disposed proximate to said cylindrical portion, one or more inlets for receiving material in the first end and a second outlet aligned with the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical portion at the first end; a first plasma source comprising a plasma torch connected to the first end and aligned with the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical portion and the conical portion to introduce plasma into the interior; a second plasma source comprising a set of radio frequency coils and two or more jets or slits within the cylindrical portion to direct a fluid or gas into the interior to generate angular momentum in the plasma.

2. A plasma cyclone reactor apparatus and method of use according to claim 1 further comprising a tube disposed between the first end and the plasma torch, said tube having two or more inlets or slits to direct a carrier gas into the tube to create angular momentum in the plasma before the plasma enters the interior of said reservoir.

3. A plasma cyclone reactor apparatus and method of use according to claim 1 further comprising a second plasma torch disposed at a second end within the outlet and aligned with the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical portion and the conical portion to introduce a second plasma into the interior of the reservoir.

4. A plasma cyclone reactor apparatus and method of use according to claim 1 further comprising an injector having a longitudinal axis, said injector being connected to a reservoir at a second end around said outlet opening, the longitudinal axis of the injector being coaxially aligned with the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical and conical portions of the reservoir.

5. A plasma cyclone reactor apparatus and method of use according to claim 1 wherein carbon based material is fed into the inlet using conveyors, hoppers, gravity feed, fluids, gases, steam or combinations thereof.

6. A plasma cyclone reactor device and method of use according to claim 1 wherein each plasma source comprises an AC plasma torch, a DC plasma torch and a microwave plasma torch, an induction coupled plasma torch or a combination thereof.

7. A plasma cyclone reactor apparatus and method of use according to claim 1 wherein the plasma vortex circulates around a central void; each plasma source includes a plasma nozzle supplied by a fluid.

8. A plasma cyclone reactor apparatus and method of use according to claim 1 wherein said fluid comprises water, steam, carbon dioxide, air, oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, helium, volatile organic carbons, ionizable fluids, ionizable gases, or combinations thereof.