CN115692773A - Monitoring system and monitoring method for monitoring coolant flow in fuel cell system, and fuel cell system - Google Patents

Monitoring system and monitoring method for monitoring coolant flow in fuel cell system, and fuel cell system Download PDF

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CN115692773A
CN115692773A CN202210868248.4A CN202210868248A CN115692773A CN 115692773 A CN115692773 A CN 115692773A CN 202210868248 A CN202210868248 A CN 202210868248A CN 115692773 A CN115692773 A CN 115692773A
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fuel cell
location
energy balance
coolant
cell system
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T·博施
T·法尔克瑙
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
    • H01M8/04358—Temperature; Ambient temperature of the coolant
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/04664—Failure or abnormal function
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04701—Temperature
    • H01M8/04723—Temperature of the coolant
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
    • H01M8/04768—Pressure; Flow of the coolant
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a monitoring system (100) for monitoring a coolant flow in a fuel cell system (105), wherein the monitoring system (100) comprises at least one controller (101), wherein the controller (101) is configured to determine a primary energy balance as a function of primary parameters of a coolant flowing at a first location (103) of the fuel cell system (105), wherein the controller (101) is further configured to determine a secondary energy balance as a function of secondary parameters at a second location (109) of the fuel cell system (105), wherein the first location (103) and the second location (109) are thermally coupled by means of at least one heat exchanger (111), wherein the controller (101) is further configured to compare the primary energy balance with the secondary energy balance and to output a warning notification in the event that the primary energy balance differs from the secondary energy balance by at least a predefined threshold value.

Description

Monitoring system and monitoring method for monitoring coolant flow in fuel cell system, and fuel cell system
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a monitoring system for monitoring a coolant flow (K ü hlmitetlruss) in a fuel cell system, a monitoring method for monitoring a coolant flow in a fuel cell system, and a fuel cell system.
Background
In vehicles with fuel cell systems, the waste heat or the heat released during operation of the fuel cell system is generally dissipated in the fuel cell system by liquid cooling.
Thermal energy is supplied to the fuel cell system before an optimum operating temperature is reached.
Particularly when supplying thermal energy to a fuel cell system, for example in the initial phase, it is necessary to accurately comply with temperature levels and temperature differences within the fuel cell system in order to ensure optimum conditions for the safety, efficiency (Wirkungsgrad) and service life of the fuel cell system.
If the temperature difference between the two measurement points on the fuel cell stack is exceeded, thermal damage to the membrane may result, which may result in hydrogen gas escaping from the fuel cell stack.
If the coolant freezes due to improper glycol content in the fuel cell system, the fuel cell system may be damaged and hydrogen gas may be undesirably released in addition to coolant loss.
The coolant used in the fuel cell system has predetermined components, such as antifreeze, corrosion protection, and additives for achieving an insulating effect or electrical conductivity. In order for these components to exhibit the prescribed and technically required properties, it is necessary to comply with defined concentrations of the components, for example water and ethylene glycol, as the main constituents. In addition to different material properties, ethylene glycol and water also have very different specific heat capacities at constant pressure. The specific heat capacity at constant pressure of a water-ethylene glycol mixture varies nonlinearly with respect to the mixture ratio due to different effects, for example in the enthalpy of mixing, and is temperature-dependent.
In addition, in fuel cell systems, additional components, such as a charge air cooler (Ladeluftkuhler) or a heat exchanger for the hydrogen supplied
Figure BDA0003759539970000021
Temperature regulation or other parts by coolant circuitsThe elements are thermally coupled.
Sensors in the coolant circuit, which measure, for example, the flux or the concentration of ethylene glycol in the coolant, are often not installed or disadvantageous in the vehicle for reasons of service life and/or cost, or the fuel cell system has no access to these information.
The composition of the coolant circulating in the coolant circuit can change over the time course of operation due to incorrect operation (e.g. loading with incorrect concentrations), leakage, decomposition or evaporation or can fall outside corresponding specifically predefined limits, so that optimum conditions for the safety, efficiency and service life of the corresponding fuel cell system cannot be guaranteed.
Disclosure of Invention
Within the framework of the proposed invention, a monitoring system, a fuel cell system and a monitoring method for monitoring a coolant flow in a fuel cell system according to the invention are proposed. Further features and details of the invention emerge from the description and the drawings. The features and details described in the context of the monitoring system according to the invention are of course also applicable in the context of the monitoring method according to the invention or the fuel cell system according to the invention, and vice versa, so that the disclosure aspects of the individual inventive aspects are or can be cited throughout with one another.
The proposed invention is intended to provide a possibility for monitoring the coolant flow in a fuel cell system. The proposed invention is used in particular to ensure optimum conditions for the safety, efficiency and service life of the fuel cell system.
Accordingly, in a first aspect of the proposed invention a monitoring system for monitoring a coolant flow in a fuel cell system is proposed. The monitoring system includes at least one controller. The controller is configured to determine a primary energy balance based on a primary parameter of a coolant flowing at a first location of the fuel cell system. The controller is also configured to determine a secondary energy balance based on the secondary parameter at a second location of the fuel cell system, wherein the first location and the second location are thermally coupled via at least one heat exchanger. The controller is further configured to compare (abgleichen) the primary energy balance with the secondary energy balance and to output a warning notification for the case that the primary energy balance differs from the secondary energy balance by at least a predefined threshold.
In the context of the proposed invention, energy balance is to be understood as the sum of the thermal energy inputs at the respective locations. For example, the energy balance is mathematically mapped to the heat input through the fuel cell stack and the heat removal through the coolant loop at the inlet of the fuel cell stack.
The proposed monitoring system is based on a controller which is configured to determine two energy balances, namely a primary energy balance, into which at least one input or discharge of thermal energy by the coolant circulating in the coolant circuit of the respective fuel cell system is incorporated, and a secondary energy balance, which is determined independently of the input or discharge of thermal energy by the coolant.
Since the secondary energy balance is independent of the respective coolant, the secondary energy balance can be used to verify the primary energy balance. In other words, the secondary energy balance maps in particular the heat input through the fuel cell stack, while the primary energy balance maps the heat removal through the coolant. Based on the heat transport element provided according to the invention, it is possible to deduce from the secondary energy balance how much thermal energy is or should be introduced into the coolant. If the secondary energy balance does not correspond to the primary energy balance or the corresponding extracted transmission coefficient, an error in the coolant circuit can be inferred and a corresponding error notification can be output.
It may be provided that the controller is further configured to select, as secondary parameters, a stack current (brenstoff ffzellenstapelstrom) and an efficiency of the fuel cell stack for a case where the second location is located on a fuel cell stack of the fuel cell system, and to select, as secondary parameters, a medium flow rate, a specific heat capacity at a constant pressure, and a temperature difference between the temperature of the medium flowing at the first location and the temperature of the coolant flowing at the second location for a case where the second location is located on a charge air cooler or a hydrogen heat exchanger of the fuel cell system.
A plurality of secondary parameters may be used to find the secondary energy balance, in particular the value of a temperature sensor at the second location may be used. Alternatively, for implementation in a sensorless and correspondingly robust manner, secondary parameters, such as the fuel cell stack current, the coolant flow (kuhlmittelstrom) and/or the media flow, such as the hydrogen flow, can be read out from the controller of the respective fuel cell system.
Depending on the medium flow, for example air and water, at the respective location (for example charge air cooler), a secondary energy balance, for example a heat flow Q, can be determined for the second location, which is tempered by the medium flow. In this case, when the coolant flow is error-free and the first and second points are thermally coupled by the heat exchanger, the secondary energy balance corresponds to the primary energy balance in the first position, in which the temperature is adjusted by the coolant flow, according to equation (1).
Figure BDA0003759539970000031
According to equation 1, the heat flow Q which is conveyed by the heat exchanger from the coolant (KM) or the first point of the coolant flow to the medium side or the second point (or vice versa) depends on the medium mass flow
Figure BDA0003759539970000045
Constant pressure c p And a temperature difference Δ T between the first position and the second position.
If the respective exit temperature increases or decreases while the other parameters remain unchanged at the heat exchanger provided according to the invention or at the second location, an error in the mass flow of the coolant or an undesired coolant component can be inferred.
A steady heat flow in the fuel cell stack (S) or at the second location, transferred from the fuel cell stack to the coolant (KM) or at the first location 103 (or vice versa), according to equation (2)
Figure BDA0003759539970000041
Constant pressure c dependent on medium mass flow p The specific heat capacity of (b) and the temperature difference Δ T between the first position and the second position. Heat flow
Figure BDA0003759539970000042
With the current I of the fuel cell stack and the efficiency epsilon at the second location S (Wirkungsgrad) and the thermal mass of the fuel cell stack and the average temperature difference between the fuel cell stack or the second location and the coolant or the first location.
Figure BDA0003759539970000043
It can also be provided that the controller is configured to take into account a predetermined thermal mass of the fuel cell stack when determining the secondary energy balance in the event of a thermally unstable situation of the fuel cell system.
In order to achieve a reliable monitoring of the coolant also in thermally unstable situations of the respective fuel cell system, for example in the start-up or warm-up phase, the respective thermal mass of the fuel cell stack of the fuel cell system can be taken into account mathematically in the determination of the secondary energy balance. For this purpose, the predefined value of the thermal mass can be entered as a memory term into the formula for determining the secondary equilibrium, as is shown in formula (3) by way of example.
Figure BDA0003759539970000044
It may also be provided that the controller is configured to infer that the composition of the coolant is incorrect and to output a warning notification for the case in which the temperature difference between the temperature at the first location and the temperature at the second location changes while the secondary energy balance remains constant and the coolant mass flow remains constant.
In order to determine whether the temperature difference between the temperature at the first location and the temperature at the second location changes while the secondary energy balance remains constant and the coolant mass flow remains constant, a change threshold value may be predefined, for example, so that a warning notification may be output, for example, on a display and/or a loudspeaker and/or a communication channel, in the event of a temperature difference above or below the change threshold value, in order to warn a user and/or an additional system of a composition error of the coolant.
It may also be provided that the controller is configured to determine the coolant mass flow as a function of the rotational speed and/or the power of a pump of the fuel cell system for pumping the coolant.
The setting of a pump, for example a water pump for pumping coolant, has proven to be a reliable indicator for determining the coolant mass flow independently of the coolant mass flow itself.
It may also be provided that the controller is configured to infer a coolant mass flow error and to output a warning notification for the case in which the temperature difference between the temperature at the first location and the temperature at the second location changes while the secondary energy balance remains constant and the specific heat capacity at constant pressure remains constant.
Since in the case of a temperature difference between the temperature at the first location and the temperature at the second location changing while the secondary energy balance remains constant and the specific heat capacity at constant pressure remains constant, only an incorrect coolant mass flow can be the cause of the change in the temperature difference, in this case the controller can be configured to infer that the coolant mass flow is incorrect and to output a corresponding warning notification.
It may also be provided that the controller is configured to selectively vary the coolant flow and, for the case in which the difference between the primary energy balance and the secondary energy balance does not correspond to a change in the coolant flow, to conclude that the composition of the coolant is incorrect and to output a warning notification.
By means of a predefined change in the coolant flow, the response of the system to be monitored to this change can be detected. Accordingly, the coolant flow can be manipulated as an independent variable of the test in order to test the response of the dependent variable. In the case of independent variables (for example the temperature of components of the fuel cell system) which vary in a different manner than expected and, for example, temperatures outside a predefined desired range are used, it can be assumed that the heat transfer from the components to the coolant flow does not take place in an optimal manner and is subject to errors.
It can also be provided that the controller is configured to determine a tertiary energy balance as a function of a tertiary parameter at a third location of the fuel cell system, wherein the second location and the third location are thermally coupled in series via the coolant flow, and the controller is further configured to conclude that a warning notification is output if the tertiary parameter deviates from a corresponding secondary parameter.
By comparing the energy balance of the plurality of points tempered by the coolant flow with the secondary energy balance independent of the coolant flow, only locally acting deviations can be identified. Alternatively, the influence of locally acting variances (e.g. particularly high heat input) can be minimized by averaging the energy balances of a plurality of locations tempered by the coolant flow.
In a second aspect, the proposed invention relates to a monitoring method for monitoring a coolant flow in a fuel cell system. The monitoring method comprises a first determination step in which a primary energy balance is determined as a function of a primary parameter of a coolant flowing at a first location of the fuel cell system, a second determination step in which a secondary energy balance is determined as a function of a secondary parameter at a second location of the fuel cell system, wherein the first location and the second location are thermally coupled via at least one heat exchanger, a comparison step in which the primary energy balance is compared with the secondary energy balance, and an output step in which a warning message is output for the case in which the primary energy balance differs from the secondary energy balance by at least a predefined threshold value.
The proposed monitoring method is used in particular for operating the proposed monitoring method.
In a third aspect, the proposed invention relates to a fuel cell system with one possible configuration of the proposed monitoring system.
Drawings
Additional advantages, features and details of the present invention are set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The features mentioned in the description can in each case be essential for the invention individually as such or in any combination.
The figures show:
figure 1 shows a schematic view of one possible configuration of the proposed monitoring system,
figure 2 shows a schematic representation of one possible configuration of the proposed monitoring method,
fig. 3 shows a schematic representation of one possible configuration of the proposed fuel cell system.
Detailed Description
A monitoring system 100 is shown in fig. 1. The monitoring system 100 includes a controller 101.
The controller 101 is configured to determine a primary energy balance from a primary parameter of the coolant flowing at the first location 103 (here, exemplarily, a charge air cooler) of the fuel cell system 105.
In addition, the controller 101 is configured to determine a secondary energy balance as a function of the secondary parameter at a second location 109 of the fuel cell system 105, wherein the first location 103 and the second location 109 are thermally coupled via at least one heat exchanger 111, wherein the controller 101 is further configured to compare the primary energy balance with the secondary energy balance and to output a warning notification in the event that the primary energy balance differs from the secondary energy balance by at least a predefined threshold value.
The heat exchanger 111 is here connected, for example, to a coolant circuit operated by a pump 113.
The second position 109 is, for example, the following position: this location is tempered by a medium flowing in the fuel cell system 105, in particular a water-air mixture. Accordingly, the heat input into the fuel cell system 105 can be determined by the secondary energy balance, which usually forms a steady state together with the primary energy balance according to equation (1) or equation (2), so that:
Figure BDA0003759539970000071
according to equation 1, the heat flow Q which is conveyed by the heat exchanger 11 from the coolant (KM) or the first point 103 to the medium side or the second point 109 (or vice versa) is dependent on the medium mass flow
Figure BDA0003759539970000072
Specific heat capacity at constant pressure cp and temperature difference Δ T between first position 103 and second position 109.
Alternatively, the secondary energy balance may be determined by the fuel cell stack current I flowing in the fuel cell stack according to equation (2), so that:
Figure BDA0003759539970000073
the steady heat flow in the fuel cell stack (S) or second location 109 from the fuel cell stack 107 to the coolant (KM) or first location 103 (or vice versa) is according to equation (2)
Figure BDA0003759539970000074
Dependent on medium mass flow
Figure BDA0003759539970000075
Specific heat capacity at constant pressure cp and temperature difference Δ T between first position 103 and second position 109. Heat flow
Figure BDA0003759539970000076
Proportional to the stack current I and the efficiency S at the second location 109, and proportional to the thermal mass of the fuel cell stack 107, the average temperature difference between the fuel cell stack 107 or the second location 109 and the coolant or the first location 103.
A monitoring method 200 is shown in fig. 2. The monitoring method 200 comprises a first determination step 201, in which a primary energy balance is determined as a function of primary parameters of a coolant flowing at a first location of the fuel cell system.
In addition, the monitoring method 200 comprises a second determination step 203, in which a secondary energy balance is determined as a function of a secondary parameter at a second location of the fuel cell system, wherein the first location and the second location are thermally coupled via at least one heat exchanger.
In addition, the monitoring method 200 comprises a comparing step 205, in which the primary energy balance is compared with the secondary energy balance, and
an output step 207, in which a warning message is output for the case in which the primary energy balance and the secondary energy balance differ by at least a predefined threshold value.
A fuel cell system 300 is shown in fig. 3. The measurement system 300 includes a monitoring system 100 for implementing the monitoring method 200.

Claims (10)

1. A monitoring system (100) for monitoring a coolant flow in a fuel cell system (105),
wherein the monitoring system (100) comprises at least one controller (101),
wherein the controller (101) is configured to determine a primary energy balance from a primary parameter of a coolant flowing at a first location (103) of the fuel cell system (105),
wherein the controller (101) is further configured to derive a secondary energy balance from a secondary parameter at a second location (109) of the fuel cell system (105),
wherein the first location (103) and the second location (109) are thermally coupled by at least one heat exchanger (111), and
wherein the controller (101) is further configured to compare the primary energy balance with the secondary energy balance and to output a warning notification for the case that the primary energy balance differs from the secondary energy balance by at least a predefined threshold.
2. The monitoring system (100) of claim 1,
it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
the controller (101) is further configured to,
for the case where the second location (109) is located on a fuel cell stack (107) of the fuel cell system (100), the stack current and the efficiency of the fuel cell stack (107) are selected as secondary parameters, and for the case where the second location (109) is located on a charge air cooler or a hydrogen heat exchanger of the fuel cell system (105), the medium flow rate, the specific heat capacity at constant pressure and the temperature difference between the medium flowing on the second location (109) and the temperature of the coolant flowing on the first location (103) are selected as secondary parameters.
3. A monitoring system according to claim 1 or 2,
it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
the controller (101) is configured to,
in the case of a thermally unstable situation of the fuel cell system (100), a predetermined thermal mass of the fuel cell stack (107) is taken into account when determining the secondary energy balance.
4. Monitoring system (100) according to one of the preceding claims,
it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
the controller (101) is configured to,
inferring that a composition of the coolant is incorrect and outputting a warning notification for: with the secondary energy balance remaining constant and the coolant mass flow remaining constant, the temperature difference between the temperature at the first location (103) and the temperature at the second location (109) changes.
5. The monitoring system (100) of claim 4,
it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
the controller (101) is configured to,
the coolant mass flow is determined as a function of the rotational speed and/or the power of a pump of the fuel cell system (105) for pumping the coolant.
6. Monitoring system (100) according to one of the preceding claims,
it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
the controller (101) is configured to,
inferring the coolant mass flow error and outputting a warning notification for: the temperature difference between the temperature at the first location (103) and the temperature at the second location (109) varies with the secondary energy balance remaining constant and the specific heat capacity at constant pressure remaining constant.
7. Monitoring system (100) according to one of the preceding claims,
it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
the controller (101) is configured to,
selectively varying the coolant flow, and for a case where a difference of the primary energy balance and the secondary energy balance appears disproportionately to a change in the coolant flow, inferring that a composition of the coolant is incorrect and outputting a warning notification.
8. Monitoring system (100) according to one of the preceding claims,
it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
the controller (101) is configured to,
determining a three-stage energy balance as a function of a three-stage parameter at a third location of the fuel cell system, wherein the second location (109) and the third location are thermally coupled in series via a coolant flow, and
the controller (101) is further configured to infer a deviation of the tertiary parameter from a corresponding secondary parameter and output a warning notification.
9. A monitoring method (200) for monitoring a coolant flow in a fuel cell system (105),
wherein the monitoring method (200) comprises:
a first determination step (201) in which a primary energy balance is determined as a function of primary parameters of a coolant flowing at a first location (103) of the fuel cell system (105),
a second determination step (203) in which a secondary energy balance is determined from a secondary parameter at a second location (109) of the fuel cell system (105),
wherein the first location (103) and the second location (109) are thermally coupled by at least one heat exchanger (111),
a comparison step (205) in which the primary energy balance is compared with the secondary energy balance, an
An output step (207) in which a warning notification is output for the case in which the primary energy balance and the secondary energy balance differ by at least a predefined threshold value.
10. A fuel cell system (300) with a monitoring system (200) according to any of claims 1 to 8.
CN202210868248.4A 2021-07-23 2022-07-22 Monitoring system and monitoring method for monitoring coolant flow in fuel cell system, and fuel cell system Pending CN115692773A (en)

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DE102008020903A1 (en) 2008-04-18 2009-10-22 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Liquid cooling device for a fuel cell device and fuel cell system
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