CN115690003A - Microcirculation image definition evaluation method, device, equipment and storage medium - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of image processing, in particular to a method, a device, equipment and a storage medium for evaluating the definition of a microcirculation image, wherein the method for evaluating the definition of the microcirculation image comprises the following steps: acquiring a frame of microcirculation image to be subjected to image definition evaluation and extracting a blood vessel area and the edge of the blood vessel area; counting the number of edges with the length of continuous edge pixels exceeding a specified threshold; and evaluating the definition of the frame of the microcirculation image according to the statistical result. The method evaluates and grades the definition of the microcirculation image based on the blood vessel density and the sharpness of the edge of the blood vessel area in the microcirculation image, can avoid the situation that only part of the image generated by artificial jitter is successfully focused and is judged to be clear, and has high calculation efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of medical image processing, in particular to a method, a device, equipment and a storage medium for evaluating the definition of a microcirculation image.
Background
Microcirculation is the circulation of blood in the capillaries between arterioles and venules, and is the most basic structural and functional unit of the circulatory system. It includes the circulation of body fluids within arterioles, venules, lymphatic capillaries and tissue tracts. Each organ and each tissue cell of the human body are supplied with oxygen and nutrients by microcirculation, and energy is transmitted, information is exchanged, and carbon dioxide and metabolic waste are removed. Microcirculation reflects the physiological state and physiological changes of the human body, and studies have confirmed that inconsistent changes in systemic circulation and microcirculation are indicative of organ dysfunction and poor prognosis.
The invention of the prior hand-held live microscope (HVM) realizes the visualization of microcirculation, and the hand-held live microscope needs manual operation to shoot videos of the hand-held live microscope in the monitoring process to obtain microcirculation blood vessel imaging pictures. In the image processing method for processing microcirculation imaging in the market, a user manually clicks to take a video when the camera lens is judged to shake little or be stable manually, a plurality of single-frame images which are considered to be better subjectively are captured from a recorded video for analysis, and then the images with problems such as artificial jitter, large brightness change and the like are selected due to manual judgment errors, so that the quality of blood vessel imaging is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for evaluating the definition of a microcirculation video, which can filter out the part with poor image quality (unqualified) by evaluating the definition of each frame of image in the recording process or when an animation is manually intercepted after the recording is finished, and assists in improving the identification precision of a blood vessel region and improving the precision of a calculation result.
In order to realize the purpose of the invention, the following technical scheme is adopted:
in a first aspect, the invention provides a method for evaluating the definition of a microcirculation image, which comprises the following steps:
acquiring a frame of microcirculation image to be subjected to image definition evaluation and extracting a blood vessel area and the edge of the blood vessel area;
counting the number of edges with the length of continuous edge pixels exceeding a specified threshold;
and evaluating the definition of the frame of the microcirculation image according to the statistical result.
The further improvement lies in that the specific method for evaluating the definition of the frame microcirculation image according to the statistical result comprises the following steps:
if the number of edges with the continuous edge pixel length exceeding the specified threshold value does not reach the preset threshold value, the blood vessel density of the frame of microcirculation image is not enough, the frame of microcirculation image can be directly judged to be unclear, and the frame of microcirculation image is abandoned.
In a further improvement, the specified threshold is 70px and the preset threshold is 8.
In a further improvement, if the number of edges with the continuous edge pixel length exceeding a specified threshold reaches a preset threshold, the definition of the frame of the microcirculation image is further graded.
In a further improvement, the specific method for grading the definition of the frame of the microcirculation image comprises the following steps:
the microcirculation image is graded according to the sharpness of the edge of the blood vessel area, and the sharper the edge is, the sharper the microcirculation image is.
In a further improvement, the specific method for ranking the frame of microcirculation image according to the sharpness of the edge of the blood vessel region comprises the following steps:
performing skeletonization on the edge of a blood vessel area, performing pixel point accumulation on the skeletonized microcirculation image to obtain a first accumulated value, performing pixel point accumulation on the microcirculation image which is extracted from the edge of the blood vessel area but not subjected to skeletonization to obtain a second accumulated value, and performing ratio operation on the second accumulated value and the first accumulated value, wherein the sharper the ratio result is, the closer the ratio result is to 1, the sharper the edge is.
A further improvement is that the rating is divided into high and medium quality intelligibility, and high quality intelligibility is judged if the ratio result is between 1-1.3, and medium quality intelligibility is judged if the ratio result is not between 1-1.3.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a microcirculation image sharpness evaluation apparatus, including:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring a frame of microcirculation image to be subjected to image definition evaluation;
the extraction module is used for extracting a blood vessel area and the edge of the blood vessel area;
the statistical module is used for counting the number of edges with the continuous edge pixel length exceeding a specified threshold value;
and the first evaluation module is used for evaluating the definition of the frame of the microcirculation image according to the statistical result of the statistical module.
In a third aspect, the present invention provides an electronic device, which includes a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the processor, and when the processor executes the computer program, the processor implements a method for evaluating a definition of a microcirculation image according to any one of the first aspect.
In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium, which includes a stored computer program, where the computer program controls an apparatus in which the computer-readable storage medium is located to execute a method for evaluating a resolution of a microcirculation image according to any one of the first aspect.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method evaluates and grades the definition of the microcirculation image based on the blood vessel density and the sharpness of the edges of the blood vessel areas in the microcirculation image, can avoid the situation that only part of images generated by artificial shaking are successfully focused and are judged to be clear, and has high calculation efficiency.
According to the microcirculation image definition evaluation method provided by the invention, the definition of each frame is evaluated during or after the recording is finished, so that the part with poor image quality is filtered, the identification of the blood vessel region is assisted to be improved, and the accuracy of the calculation result is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for evaluating the sharpness of a microcirculation image according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of another embodiment of a method for evaluating the sharpness of a microcirculation image according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a detailed method for rating the frame of microcirculation image according to the sharpness of the edge of the blood vessel region in the method for evaluating the sharpness of the microcirculation image according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the edge of a blood vessel with continuous edge pixels longer than 70px, which are selected from a frame of the microcirculation image according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the vessel edges after the ossification process of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a microcirculation image definition evaluation device according to the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and claims of the present invention and in the drawings described above are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used is interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the invention described herein are capable of operation in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Referring to fig. 1 to 7, a first aspect of an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for evaluating a resolution of a microcirculation image, as shown in fig. 1, including the following steps:
step S1: acquiring a frame of microcirculation image to be subjected to image definition evaluation;
among them, microcirculation is the circulation of blood in capillaries between arterioles and venules, and is the most basic structural and functional unit in the circulatory system. It includes the circulation of body fluids within arterioles, venules, lymphatic capillaries and tissue tracts. The microcirculation image can be obtained by intercepting a video shot by the handheld live body microscope through manual operation in the monitoring process of the handheld live body microscope.
Step S2: extracting a blood vessel area and the edge of the blood vessel area;
it should be noted that, the specific method for extracting the blood vessel region and the edge of the blood vessel region belongs to the prior art, and those skilled in the art may refer to the prior art. The improvement point of the present invention is mainly the contents of step S3 and step S4.
And step S3: counting the number of edges with the length of continuous edge pixels exceeding a specified threshold;
it should be noted that the continuous edge pixel length refers to the length of an uninterrupted edge of a blood vessel region, and in this embodiment, counting the number of edges whose continuous edge pixel length exceeds a specified threshold is mainly to determine the blood vessel density of the frame of the microcirculation image, and the follow-up research significance of the microcirculation image with insufficient blood vessel density is not great.
And step S4: and evaluating the definition of the frame of the microcirculation image according to the statistical result.
In this embodiment, a specific method for evaluating the resolution of the frame of the microcirculation image according to the statistical result includes:
if the number of edges with the continuous edge pixel length exceeding the specified threshold value does not reach the preset threshold value, the blood vessel density of the frame of microcirculation image is not enough, the frame of microcirculation image can be directly judged to be unclear, and the frame of microcirculation image is abandoned.
Specifically, in a preferred embodiment of this embodiment, the specified threshold is 70px, and the preset threshold is 8. The specified threshold and the preset threshold are data obtained by years of experience accumulation and multiple experimental evaluations of the inventor. Of course, those skilled in the art can also appropriately adjust the sizes of the specified threshold and the preset threshold according to actual needs, and these adjustments all fall within the protection scope of the present embodiment.
It should be noted that px (pixel) is the smallest point in a picture, and a bitmap is composed of these points.
As shown in fig. 4, the blood vessel edges with the length of the continuous edge pixels exceeding 70px are screened from one frame of the microcirculation image, and as can be seen from fig. 4, the number of the blood vessel edges with the length of the continuous edge pixels exceeding 70px in the frame of the microcirculation image exceeds 8, so that the blood vessel density of the frame of the image is confirmed to be sufficient, and the frame of the image can be retained for further definition judgment.
In some embodiments of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, after the step S4 of evaluating the frame microcirculation image definition according to the statistical result, the method further includes:
if the number of edges with the continuous edge pixel length exceeding the specified threshold reaches the preset threshold, executing step S5: the frame of microcirculation images are further rated for sharpness.
Wherein, the rating refers to the definition of the image to be further divided.
In this embodiment, a specific method for rating the sharpness of the frame of the microcirculation image includes:
the frame of microcirculation image is ranked according to the sharpness of the edge of the blood vessel area, and the sharper the edge, the sharper the microcirculation image is, so that the frame of microcirculation image can be further divided according to the sharpness of the edge of the blood vessel area.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 3, a specific method for ranking the frame of microcirculation image according to the sharpness of the edge of the blood vessel region includes:
step S51: performing skeletonization treatment on the edge of the blood vessel region;
step S52: performing pixel point accumulation on the microcirculation image subjected to skeletonization processing to obtain a first accumulated value;
step S53: performing pixel point accumulation on the microcirculation image which is extracted from the edge of the blood vessel area and is not subjected to skeletonization processing to obtain a second accumulated value, and performing ratio operation on the second accumulated value and the first accumulated value;
the closer the ratio result of the ratio operation (second accumulated value/first accumulated value) is to 1, the sharper the edge is.
The skeletonization process is a process of removing some points from the original microcirculation image by peeling layer by layer, but keeping the original shape until the skeleton of the image is obtained. The skeleton can be understood as a central axis of the object, for example, a rectangular skeleton is a central axis in the length direction of the rectangular skeleton; the square skeleton is its central point; the skeleton of the circle is the center of the circle, the skeleton of the straight line is the skeleton itself, and the skeleton of the isolated point is the skeleton itself.
Further, the rating can be divided into high quality definition and medium quality definition, and if the ratio result is between 1 and 1.3, the frame of the microcirculation image is judged to be high quality definition, and if the ratio result is not between 1 and 1.3, the frame of the microcirculation image is judged to be medium quality definition.
Fig. 4 shows the blood vessel edge with the length of the continuous edge pixel exceeding 70px screened from one frame of the microcirculation image, fig. 4 is the blood vessel edge image of the microcirculation image before the skeletonization process, and fig. 5 is the blood vessel edge image of the microcirculation image after the skeletonization process of fig. 4.
The method evaluates and grades the definition of the microcirculation image based on the blood vessel density and the sharpness of the edges of the blood vessel areas in the microcirculation image, can avoid the situation that only part of the image generated by artificial shaking is successfully focused and is judged to be clear, and has high calculation efficiency.
According to the microcirculation image definition evaluation method provided by the invention, the definition of each frame is evaluated during or after the recording is finished, so that the part with poor image quality is filtered, the identification of the blood vessel region is assisted to be improved, and the accuracy of the calculation result is improved.
A second aspect of the embodiment of the present invention provides a device for evaluating a resolution of a micro-loop image, which is shown in fig. 6, and is a schematic structural diagram of the device for evaluating a resolution of a micro-loop image according to an embodiment of the present invention, and corresponds to the method for evaluating a resolution of a micro-loop image according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Specifically, the microcirculation image definition evaluation device includes:
the acquisition module 10 is configured to acquire a frame of microcirculation image to be subjected to image definition evaluation;
an extraction module 20, configured to extract a blood vessel region and an edge of the blood vessel region;
a counting module 30, configured to count the number of edges whose consecutive edge pixel lengths exceed a specified threshold;
the first evaluation module 40 is used for evaluating the definition of the frame of microcirculation image according to the statistical result of the statistical module;
and the grading module 50 is used for grading the definition of the frame of the microcirculation image when the number of edges with the continuous edge pixel length exceeding a specified threshold reaches a preset threshold.
Specifically, the rating module specifically includes:
the skeletonization processing unit is used for carrying out skeletonization processing on the edge of the blood vessel area;
the calculation unit is used for performing pixel point accumulation on the microcirculation image subjected to the skeletonization processing to obtain a first accumulated value and performing pixel point accumulation on the microcirculation image which is not subjected to the skeletonization processing but has the edge of the extracted blood vessel area to obtain a second accumulated value;
and the ratio operation unit is used for performing ratio operation on the second accumulated value and the first accumulated value.
Referring to fig. 7, an electronic device and a computer-readable storage medium are correspondingly provided in the embodiments of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic view of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the invention. The electronic device of this embodiment includes: a processor 11, a memory 12 and a computer program stored in said memory and executable on said processor 11. The processor 11, when executing the computer program, implements the steps in one embodiment of the method for evaluating the resolution of a microcirculation image. Alternatively, the processor 11 implements the functions of the modules/units in the above-described device embodiments when executing the computer program.
Illustratively, the computer program may be divided into one or more modules/units, which are stored in the memory and executed by the processor 11 to accomplish the present invention. The one or more modules/units may be a series of computer program instruction segments capable of performing specific functions, which are used to describe the execution process of the computer program in the electronic device.
The electronic device may include, but is not limited to, a processor, a memory. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the schematic diagrams are merely examples of an electronic device and do not constitute a limitation of an electronic device, and may include more or fewer components than those shown, or some components in combination, or different components, for example, the electronic device may also include input output devices, network access devices, buses, etc.
The Processor 11 may be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), other general purpose Processor, a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), an off-the-shelf Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or other Programmable logic device, discrete Gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, etc. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may be any conventional processor or the like that is the control center for the electronic device and that connects the various parts of the overall electronic device using various interfaces and wires.
The memory 12 may be used to store the computer programs and/or modules, and the processor may implement various functions of the electronic device by running or executing the computer programs and/or modules stored in the memory and calling data stored in the memory. The memory may mainly include a storage program area and a storage data area, wherein the storage program area may store an operating system 121, an application 122 (such as a sound playing function, an image playing function, etc.) required by at least one function, and the like; the storage data area may store data (such as audio data, a phonebook, etc.) created according to the use of the cellular phone, and the like. In addition, the memory may include high speed random access memory, and may also include non-volatile memory, such as a hard disk, a memory, a plug-in hard disk, a Smart Media Card (SMC), a Secure Digital (SD) Card, a Flash memory Card (Flash Card), at least one magnetic disk storage device, a Flash memory device, or other volatile solid state storage device.
Wherein, the integrated module/unit of the electronic device can be stored in a computer readable storage medium if it is implemented in the form of software functional unit and sold or used as a stand-alone product. Based on such understanding, all or part of the flow of the method according to the embodiments of the present invention may also be implemented by a computer program, which may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the method embodiments may be implemented. Wherein the computer program comprises computer program code, which may be in the form of source code, object code, an executable file or some intermediate form, etc. The computer-readable medium may include: any entity or device capable of carrying the computer program code, recording medium, usb disk, removable hard disk, magnetic disk, optical disk, computer Memory, read-Only Memory (ROM), random Access Memory (RAM), electrical carrier wave signals, telecommunications signals, software distribution medium, and the like.
It should be noted that the above-described embodiments of the apparatus are merely illustrative, where the units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment. In addition, in the drawings of the embodiment of the apparatus provided by the present invention, the connection relationship between the modules indicates that there is a communication connection between them, and may be specifically implemented as one or more communication buses or signal lines. One of ordinary skill in the art can understand and implement it without inventive effort.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the various illustrative elements and algorithm steps described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware or combinations of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the implementation. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present application.
The above-mentioned embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present application, and not for limiting the same; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not substantially depart from the spirit and scope of the embodiments of the present application and are intended to be included within the scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A microcirculation image definition evaluation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring a frame of microcirculation image to be subjected to image definition evaluation and extracting a blood vessel area and the edge of the blood vessel area;
counting the number of edges with the length of continuous edge pixels exceeding a specified threshold;
and evaluating the definition of the frame of the microcirculation image according to the statistical result.
2. A method according to claim 1, wherein the specific method for evaluating the resolution of the frame of the microcirculation image according to the statistical result comprises:
if the number of edges with the continuous edge pixel length exceeding the specified threshold value does not reach the preset threshold value, the blood vessel density of the frame of microcirculation image is not enough, the frame of microcirculation image can be directly judged to be unclear, and the frame of microcirculation image is abandoned.
3. A microcirculation image sharpness evaluation method according to claim 2, wherein the specified threshold is 70px, and the preset threshold is 8.
4. A method as claimed in claim 2, wherein if the number of edges with consecutive edge pixel lengths exceeding a given threshold reaches a predetermined threshold, the resolution of the frame of the microcirculation image is further rated.
5. A microcirculation image definition evaluation method according to claim 4, wherein the specific method for grading the definition of the frame of microcirculation image includes:
the microcirculation image is graded according to the sharpness of the edge of the blood vessel area, and the sharper the edge is, the sharper the microcirculation image is.
6. A microcirculation image definition evaluation method according to claim 5, wherein the specific method for grading the frame of microcirculation image according to the sharpness of the edge of the blood vessel area comprises the following steps:
performing skeletonization on the edge of a blood vessel area, performing pixel point accumulation on the skeletonized microcirculation image to obtain a first accumulated value, performing pixel point accumulation on the microcirculation image which is extracted from the edge of the blood vessel area but not subjected to skeletonization to obtain a second accumulated value, and performing ratio operation on the second accumulated value and the first accumulated value, wherein the sharper the ratio result is, the closer the ratio result is to 1, the sharper the edge is.
7. A microcirculation image sharpness evaluation method according to claim 6, wherein the grades are divided into high quality sharpness and medium quality sharpness, and the grade is determined as high quality sharpness if the ratio result is between 1 and 1.3, and the grade is determined as medium quality sharpness if the ratio result is not between 1 and 1.3.
8. A microcirculation image definition evaluation device is characterized by comprising:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring a frame of microcirculation image to be subjected to image definition evaluation;
the extraction module is used for extracting a blood vessel area and the edge of the blood vessel area;
the statistical module is used for counting the number of the edges with the continuous edge pixel length exceeding a specified threshold value;
and the first evaluation module is used for evaluating the definition of the frame of the microcirculation image according to the statistical result of the statistical module.
9. An electronic device comprising a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the processor, the processor implementing a method of microcirculation image sharpness evaluation according to any of claims 1 to 7 when executing the computer program.
10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that the computer-readable storage medium comprises a stored computer program, wherein the computer program, when running, controls an apparatus in which the computer-readable storage medium is located to perform a method for microcirculation image sharpness evaluation according to any of claims 1 to 7.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211253754.9A CN115690003A (en) | 2022-10-13 | 2022-10-13 | Microcirculation image definition evaluation method, device, equipment and storage medium |
| PCT/CN2023/124143 WO2024078556A1 (en) | 2022-10-13 | 2023-10-12 | Method and apparatus for evaluating definition of microcirculation image, and device and storage medium |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211253754.9A CN115690003A (en) | 2022-10-13 | 2022-10-13 | Microcirculation image definition evaluation method, device, equipment and storage medium |
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| CN115690003A true CN115690003A (en) | 2023-02-03 |
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| WO (1) | WO2024078556A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2024078556A1 (en) * | 2022-10-13 | 2024-04-18 | 广州医软智能科技有限公司 | Method and apparatus for evaluating definition of microcirculation image, and device and storage medium |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2008085048A1 (en) * | 2007-01-11 | 2008-07-17 | Intellectual Property Mvm B.V. | The measurement of functional microcirculatory geometry and velocity distributions using automated image analysis |
| JP6538634B2 (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2019-07-03 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | PROCESSOR DEVICE, ENDOSCOPE SYSTEM, AND METHOD OF OPERATING PROCESSOR DEVICE |
| CN113379702B (en) * | 2021-06-08 | 2024-05-28 | 广州医软智能科技有限公司 | Blood vessel path extraction method and device for microcirculation image |
| CN113421254B (en) * | 2021-07-20 | 2024-04-26 | 广州医软智能科技有限公司 | Method and device for calculating branch length and diameter of microcirculation blood vessel and terminal equipment |
| CN115690003A (en) * | 2022-10-13 | 2023-02-03 | 广州医软智能科技有限公司 | Microcirculation image definition evaluation method, device, equipment and storage medium |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2024078556A1 (en) * | 2022-10-13 | 2024-04-18 | 广州医软智能科技有限公司 | Method and apparatus for evaluating definition of microcirculation image, and device and storage medium |
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| WO2024078556A1 (en) | 2024-04-18 |
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