CN115684351A - Ultrasonic quantitative evaluation device and method for impact damage of carbon fiber composite material - Google Patents
Ultrasonic quantitative evaluation device and method for impact damage of carbon fiber composite material Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an ultrasonic quantitative evaluation device and method for impact damage of a carbon fiber composite material, and belongs to the field of ultrasonic nondestructive detection of carbon fiber composite materials. The quantitative impact test device is established, an impact test is carried out on the carbon fiber composite material to obtain a carbon fiber composite material impact damage piece, an ultrasonic probe is excited by a pulse echo method to carry out detection, so that a narrow pulse ultrasonic wave is excited by the probe, incident sound waves are reflected after encountering an impact damage impedance interface in the carbon fiber composite material, characteristic values such as the phase and amplitude of the reflected echo are extracted, an image capable of reflecting the internal characteristics of the carbon fiber composite material is further obtained, and a carbon fiber composite material impact damage defect characteristic model is established by a mathematical modeling method. And (3) carrying out quantitative analysis and mechanical property evaluation on the defects by using a system analysis method, and realizing rapid and accurate quantitative detection on the impact damage defects of the carbon fiber composite material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of ultrasonic nondestructive detection of carbon fiber composites, in particular to the field of ultrasonic nondestructive detection based on impact damage defects of carbon fiber composites, and particularly relates to an ultrasonic quantitative evaluation device and method for impact damage of carbon fiber composites, which can be used in the field of production of carbon fiber composites for rail transit.
Background
Due to the rapid development of the rail transit industry in China, the requirement of the whole industry on the light weight of materials becomes higher, the light weight requirement of the materials is more and more difficult to meet by the traditional metal materials and alloy materials used by people at an early stage, and the carbon fiber composite material has excellent performance and is one of the key research objects of the light weight of the rail transit train at present. However, many problems to be solved also appear in the application research of the carbon fiber composite material, for example, the impact damage of the carbon fiber composite material is a common factor. The carbon fiber composite material is easy to form different types of defects after being impacted and damaged, so that the material performance is obviously influenced, the composite material is easy to lose effectiveness in the construction service process, and the requirements on the production quality and the safety of rail transit trains are difficult to meet. Therefore, establishing effective material performance detection and evaluation after impact damage of the carbon fiber composite material is very important.
The common impact damage detection method for the carbon fiber composite material mainly comprises the modes of ultrasonic scanning detection, ray scanning detection, electron microscope scanning detection and the like. The ultrasonic scanning detection has strong adaptability and flexibility to the workpiece to be detected, and in the scanning process, whether defects exist can be detected, but mechanical property indexes of the damaged material cannot be obtained usually, so that the basis for judging the failure of the carbon fiber composite material is insufficient. Therefore, how to quickly, accurately and efficiently realize the nondestructive testing of the impact damage of the carbon fiber composite material and establish an effective performance evaluation method is very important and needs to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an ultrasonic quantitative evaluation device and method for impact damage of a carbon fiber composite material, and solves the problem of failure judgment of the impact damage of the carbon fiber composite material in the prior art. According to the invention, an ultrasonic quantitative evaluation device for impact damage of the carbon fiber composite material is established, an impact test is carried out on the carbon fiber composite material to obtain a carbon fiber composite material impact damage workpiece, an ultrasonic probe is excited by a pulse echo method to carry out detection, so that the probe is excited to generate a narrow pulse ultrasonic wave, an incident sound wave is reflected after encountering an impact damage impedance interface in the carbon fiber composite material, characteristic values such as the phase and amplitude of the reflected echo are extracted, an image capable of reflecting the internal characteristics of the carbon fiber composite material is further obtained, and a carbon fiber composite material impact damage defect characteristic model is established by a mathematical modeling method. And analyzing the association degree by combining the characteristic parameters obtained by ultrasonic detection with the defect characteristic model, judging the impact energy according to the association degree, stretching the workpiece to obtain the tensile strength of the impacted workpiece, obtaining the association degree between the characteristic parameters of the ultrasonic detection and the damage degree, establishing the association between the ultrasonic detection and the mechanical property of the carbon fiber composite material, and realizing the identification of the impact defect of the carbon fiber composite material.
The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
the ultrasonic quantitative evaluation method for impact damage of the carbon fiber composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
1. impact energy input information extraction: preparing carbon fiber composite materials with different damage degrees to impact the damaged workpiece, and extracting and storing impact energy input information of the workpieces with different damage degrees;
2. ultrasonic evaluation of impact damage degree: immersing a workpiece into water, scanning and detecting the surface of the workpiece by adopting an ultrasonic probe, and extracting and storing ultrasonic detection results of the workpieces with different damage degrees;
the scanning detection is that the ultrasonic probe is detected according to the set step pitch L x And L y Performing step-by-step scanning movement in the X-Y direction on the surface of the workpiece; the ultrasonic probe emits an ultrasonic beam at each step point and receives an ultrasonic echo signal A; when the ultrasonic beam is transmitted and received at the workpiece without fracture damage, the ultrasonic echo signal A comprises the echo A of the upper surface of the workpiece 0 And echo A of the lower surface of the workpiece 2 (ii) a When ultrasonic beam is transmitted and received at the broken and damaged workpiece, ultrasonic echo signalA comprises workpiece upper surface echo A 0 And surface echo A on the defect 1 Or including an echo A of the upper surface of the workpiece 0 Defect upper surface echo a 1 And echo A of the lower surface of the workpiece 2 ；
The damage degree of the workpiece comprises the surface depression degree of the workpiece and the fracture degree of the workpiece, and the surface depression degree of the workpiece is expressed as a surface depression area S 1 And a surface pit depth H, the degree of fracture of the workpiece being expressed as a crack area S 2 The damage degree X of the workpiece is determined by the surface pit area S 1 Depth H of surface pit, degree of fracture S of workpiece 2 Carrying out comprehensive evaluation, wherein the evaluation method comprises the following steps:
X＝K 0 H+K 1 S 1 +K 2 S 2
wherein, K 0 、K 1 、K 2 Respectively representing the evaluation coefficients of the surface pit depth, the surface pit area and the crack area on the damage degree of the workpiece;
the surface pit depth H is obtained by the following method:
wherein L is 1 Shown as the echo A of the ultrasonic beam at the upper surface of the workpiece at the point of no impact defect 0 The sound path of (c);
echo A of an ultrasonic beam on the upper surface of a workpiece, expressed as the location of a surface pit 0 Nth maximum of sound path;
expressed as a top surface echo A with surface pit defects and without impact defects 0 The nth maximum of the path difference of (a); v. of 0 Represents the speed of sound of ultrasonic waves propagating in water; the value range of n is determined according to the random error of the ultrasonic detection system, when the random error of the system is small, n is less than or equal to 10, and when the random error of the system is large, n is more than 10 and less than or equal to 30;
the surface pit area S 1 The acquisition method comprises the following steps:
S 1 ＝L x ×L x ×N 1
wherein L is x And L y Respectively representing the step distances of the ultrasonic beam in the X direction and the Y direction; n is a radical of hydrogen 1 Representing the number of step pitch points judged as surface pits in the ultrasonic C scanning process; the method for judging the surface pits comprises the following steps:
namely, if the echo sound path difference delta of the upper surface of the current step distance point exceeds 50% of the average value of the n maximum sound path differences, the position where the current step distance point is located is judged to be a surface pit;
the internal crack area S 2 The acquisition method comprises the following steps:
S 2 ＝L x ×L x ×N 2
wherein N is 2 Representing the number of step pitch points judged as cracks in the ultrasonic C scanning process; the internal cracks were determined by the 6dB method.
3. Carrying out tensile test on the impact damage workpiece, and extracting and storing the tensile strength of the workpieces with different damage degrees;
4. establishing a mathematical model of impact energy input, ultrasonic detection results and tensile strength correlation by adopting a mathematical modeling method;
the image characteristic parameter model formula is as follows:
detecting the carbon fiber composite material subjected to impact damage to obtain image information;
carrying out tensile experiment treatment on the carbon fiber composite material containing the impact defect to obtain the tensile strength of the carbon fiber composite material after impact;
processing according to the image information and obtaining characteristic value parameters of the tested workpiece, wherein the characteristic value parameters comprise area characteristic parameters of the tested workpiece and tensile strength parameters of the tested workpiece;
the parameters of the characteristic values of the defect image of the tested piece are as follows:
G a ＝[(S a ，d，1-S a )，(Q 1a ，t 1 ，1-Q 1a )，(Q 2a ，t 2 ，1-Q 2a )，......((Q ka ，t k ，1-Q ka )]；
wherein S is a Is the area characteristic value parameter, Q, corresponding to the carbon fiber composite material ka Tensile Strength, d and t, measured for a k-th class carbon fiber composite k Is an adjustable variable;
calculating the correlation degree between the special parameters of the detected image and the tensile strength model of the material according to the following multi-attribute similarity formula:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
5. scanning and detecting the surface of a workpiece to be detected by adopting an ultrasonic probe, and extracting and storing an ultrasonic detection result of the workpiece to be detected;
6. and inputting the ultrasonic detection result of the workpiece to be detected into a mathematical model, and solving the impact energy input and tensile strength of the workpiece to be detected.
The method for extracting the impact energy input information comprises the following steps: the same impact head is adopted to fall at different heights and impact the surface of a workpiece to be measured, and impact energy is obtained according to the height information of the impact head, wherein the calculation method comprises the following steps:
raising the pendulum bob to a set angle alpha, wherein the initial potential energy E0 of the pendulum bob is as follows:
E 0 ＝m 1 gl c sinα+m 2 gl 1 sinβ
in the formula, m 1 -mass of rod, m 2 Hammer head mass, /) c Pendulum axis to rod center of gravity position,/ 1 -distance from origin O to center of gravity of the hammer head, α -angle of fall of center of gravity of the rod, β -angle of fall of center of gravity of the hammer head;
after the impact, the pendulum will lift back due to the rebound, the energy of the lift back being E 1 Therefore, the impact absorption work K is:
K＝E 0 -E 1
E 1 ＝m 1 gl c sinγ+m 2 gl 1 sinθ
in the formula, the gravity center of the gamma-rod rises again, and the gravity center of the theta-hammer head rises again;
therefore, the impact absorption work K is,
K＝m 1 gl c sinα+m 2 gl 1 sinβ-(m 1 gl c sinγ+m 2 gl 1 sinθ)＝m 1 gl c (sinα-sinγ)+m 2 gl 1 (sinβ-sinθ)。
the invention also aims to provide an ultrasonic quantitative evaluation device for impact damage of the carbon fiber composite material, which comprises an impact module 1, a water tank 2, an ultrasonic detection module 3 and an industrial computer 4; the impact module 1 impacts a workpiece to be detected to form impact damage; the water tank 2 is used for realizing water immersion of an impact damage workpiece and a workpiece to be detected in the ultrasonic detection process and realizing coupling in the ultrasonic detection process; the ultrasonic detection module 3 performs ultrasonic X-Y scanning detection on the impact damage workpiece and the workpiece to be detected after impact is finished, and obtains an ultrasonic detection result; a motor control card, an ultrasonic transmitting and receiving card and a quantitative evaluation algorithm are arranged in the industrial computer 4, and the motion, data acquisition, data processing, data storage, mathematical model establishment and impact damage degree evaluation of a workpiece to be detected of the impact module 1 and the ultrasonic detection module 3 are controlled;
the impact module 1 comprises a fixed seat 1-1, a hinged seat 1-2, an optical axis 1-3, a photoelectric encoder 1-4, a bearing 1-5, a fixed ring 1-6, a rocker 1-7, an impact hammer 1-8, a base plate 1-9 and a workpiece 1-10 to be tested; the fixed seat 1-1 is a support of the impact module and is fixed on the side surface of the water tank 2; the hinge seat 1-2 is connected with the fixed seat 1-1 through a shaft and a bearing 1-5, so that the hinge seat 1-2 rotates around the axis of the optical axis 1-3 to realize the moving in and out of the rocker 1-7 and the impact hammer head 1-8; the rocker 1-7 is connected to the hinge base 1-2 through the optical axis 1-3 and the bearing and is fixed through the fixing ring 1-6, so that the rocker 1-7 swings around the axis of the bearing 1-5; the photoelectric encoder 1-4 is connected to the hinge base 1-2, is coaxially arranged with the bearing 1-5, is connected with the industrial computer 4 through a data line, and transmits the rotation angle information of the rocker 1-7 around the axis of the bearing 1-5 to the industrial computer; the impact hammer 1-8 is fixedly connected with the rocker 1-7 through threads; the workpieces 1-10 are placed on the backing plates 1-9; in the impact process, manually lifting the impact hammer heads 1-8, transmitting the rotation angles of the rocking rods 1-7 to an industrial computer 4 by the photoelectric encoders 1-4, calculating the heights of the impact hammer heads 1-8 and displaying the heights in real time by the industrial computer, releasing the impact hammer heads when the impact hammer heads 1-8 reach the set heights, descending the impact hammer heads and impacting the surface of a workpiece to be tested to form impact damage;
the water tank 2 comprises a water tank shell 2-1, a waterproof isolation cover 2-2 and a base plate lifting platform 2-3, wherein water is filled in the water tank shell 2-1 to serve as an ultrasonic coupling agent; the waterproof isolation cover 2-2 is positioned at the outer side of the base plate lifting platform 2-3 and isolates the base plate lifting platform 2-3 from water in the water tank 2; the base plate lifting platform 2-3 and the base plate 1-9 are fixedly connected through screws, and in the impact process, the base plate lifting platform 2-3 drives the base plate 1-9 to ascend, so that the base plate 1-9 is exposed out of the water surface, a workpiece to be measured is placed, and impact is completed; the base plate lifting table 2-3 drives the base plate 1-9 and the workpiece to be detected to descend, so that the workpiece to be detected is completely immersed in water, and the water immersion coupling state is kept in the ultrasonic detection process.
The ultrasonic detection module comprises an ultrasonic probe 3-1, an X-direction movement device 3-2 and a Y-direction movement device 3-3; the ultrasonic probe 3-1 is connected with an ultrasonic acquisition card, an ultrasonic receiving card and an industrial computer 4 through data lines; the ultrasonic probe 3-1 is fixed on the X-direction moving device 3-2, and the X-direction moving device 3-2 is connected with the Y-direction moving device 3-3 by adopting a slide block track; in the ultrasonic detection process, the industrial computer drives the X-direction movement device 3-2 and the Y-direction movement device 3-3 to move through the motor control card, so that the ultrasonic probe 3-1 realizes stepping scanning movement on the surface of a workpiece to be detected, and meanwhile, the industrial computer 4 controls the ultrasonic probe 3-1 to transmit and receive ultrasonic signals at each stepping point through the ultrasonic transmitting and receiving card, so that the ultrasonic nondestructive detection of the workpiece impacted by the carbon fiber composite material is realized.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: aiming at the quality requirement of the carbon fiber composite material, the invention designs an ultrasonic quantitative evaluation device for impact damage of the carbon fiber composite material, provides an acquisition device for impact defects of the carbon fiber composite material, designs an ultrasonic detection device for impact defects of the carbon fiber composite material, provides an ultrasonic detection method for impact defects of the carbon fiber composite material, and carries out quantitative analysis and mechanical property evaluation on the defects by using a system analysis method, thereby realizing rapid and accurate quantitative detection of impact damage defects of the carbon fiber composite material.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention without limiting the invention.
FIG. 1 is an isometric schematic view of an ultrasonic quantitative evaluation device for impact damage of a carbon fiber composite material;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an impact module of the ultrasonic quantitative evaluation device for impact damage of carbon fiber composite material of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a water tank and an ultrasonic module of the ultrasonic quantitative evaluation device for impact damage of carbon fiber composite material of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of the ultrasonic quantitative evaluation method for impact damage of carbon fiber composite material of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic size view of a carbon fiber composite drawn member according to the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic view of an ultrasonic scanning process of the carbon fiber composite material of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention. In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
Referring to fig. 1 to 6, the ultrasonic quantitative evaluation device and method for impact damage of a carbon fiber composite material of the present invention are configured to perform an impact test on the carbon fiber composite material by establishing a quantitative impact test device to obtain a carbon fiber composite material impact damage part, excite an ultrasonic probe by a pulse echo method to perform detection, so that the probe is excited to generate a narrow pulse ultrasonic wave, reflect an incident sound wave after encountering an impact damage impedance interface inside the carbon fiber composite material, extract characteristic values such as a phase and an amplitude of the reflected echo, further obtain an image capable of reflecting internal characteristics of the carbon fiber composite material, and establish a carbon fiber composite material impact damage defect characteristic model by a mathematical modeling method. Analyzing the association degree by combining the characteristic parameters obtained by ultrasonic detection with the defect characteristic model, judging the impact energy according to the association degree, stretching the workpiece to obtain the tensile strength of the impact workpiece, obtaining the association degree of the ultrasonic detection characteristic parameters and the damage degree, establishing the association between the ultrasonic detection and the mechanical property of the carbon fiber composite material, and realizing the identification of the impact damage energy and the damage degree of the carbon fiber composite material.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, the ultrasonic quantitative evaluation device for impact damage of carbon fiber composite material of the present invention includes an impact module 1, a water tank 2, an ultrasonic detection module 3, and an industrial computer 4; the impact module 1 impacts a workpiece to be detected to form impact damage; the water tank 2 is used for realizing water immersion of an impact damage workpiece and a workpiece to be detected in the ultrasonic detection process and realizing coupling in the ultrasonic detection process; the ultrasonic detection module 3 performs ultrasonic X-Y scanning detection on the impact damage workpiece and the workpiece to be detected after impact is finished, and obtains an ultrasonic detection result; a motor control card, an ultrasonic transmitting and receiving card and a quantitative evaluation algorithm are arranged in the industrial computer 4, and the motion, data acquisition, data processing, data storage, mathematical model establishment and impact damage degree evaluation of a workpiece to be detected of the impact module 1 and the ultrasonic detection module 3 are controlled;
the impact module 1 comprises a fixed seat 1-1, a hinged seat 1-2, an optical axis 1-3, a photoelectric encoder 1-4, a bearing 1-5, a fixed ring 1-6, a rocker 1-7, an impact hammer 1-8, a base plate 1-9 and a workpiece 1-10 to be tested; the fixed seat 1-1 is a support of the impact module and is fixed on the side surface of the water tank 2; the hinge seat 1-2 is connected with the fixed seat 1-1 through a shaft and a bearing 1-5, so that the hinge seat 1-2 rotates around the axis of the optical axis 1-3 to realize the moving in and out of the rocker 1-7 and the impact hammer head 1-8; the rocker 1-7 is connected to the hinge base 1-2 through the optical axis 1-3 and the bearing and is fixed through the fixing ring 1-6, so that the rocker 1-7 swings around the axis of the bearing 1-5; the photoelectric encoder 1-4 is connected to the hinge base 1-2 by screws, is coaxially arranged with the bearing 1-5, is connected with the industrial computer 4 by a data line, and transmits the rotation angle information of the rocker 1-7 around the axis of the bearing 1-5 to the industrial computer; the impact hammer 1-8 and the rocker 1-7 are fixedly connected by threads; the workpieces 1-10 are placed on the backing plates 1-9; in the impact process, the impact hammer heads 1-8 are lifted manually, the photoelectric encoders 1-4 transmit the rotation angles of the rocking bars 1-7 to the industrial computer 4, the industrial computer calculates the heights of the impact hammer heads 1-8 and displays the heights in real time, and when the impact hammer heads 1-8 reach the set heights, the impact hammer heads are released, descend and impact on the surface of a workpiece to be tested to form impact damage.
The water tank 2 comprises a water tank shell 2-1, a waterproof isolation cover 2-2 and a base plate lifting platform 2-3, wherein water is filled in the water tank shell 2-1 to serve as an ultrasonic coupling agent; the waterproof isolation cover 2-2 is positioned at the outer side of the base plate lifting platform 2-3 and isolates the base plate lifting platform 2-3 from water in the water tank 2; the base plate lifting platform 2-3 and the base plate 1-9 are fixedly connected through screws, and in the impact process, the base plate lifting platform 2-3 drives the base plate 1-9 to ascend, so that the base plate 1-9 is exposed out of the water surface, a workpiece to be measured is placed, and the impact is completed; the base plate lifting table 2-3 drives the base plate 1-9 and the workpiece to be detected to descend, so that the workpiece to be detected is completely immersed in water, and the water immersion coupling state is kept in the ultrasonic detection process.
The ultrasonic detection module comprises an ultrasonic probe 3-1, an X-direction movement device 3-2 and a Y-direction movement device 3-3; the ultrasonic probe 3-1 is connected with an ultrasonic acquisition card, an ultrasonic emission card and an industrial computer 4 through data lines; the ultrasonic probe 3-1 is fixed on the X-direction moving device 3-2, and the X-direction moving device 3-2 is connected with the Y-direction moving device 3-3 by adopting a slide block track; in the ultrasonic detection process, the industrial computer drives the X-direction movement device 3-2 and the Y-direction movement device 3-3 to move through the motor control card, so that the ultrasonic probe 3-1 realizes stepping scanning movement on the surface of a workpiece to be detected, and meanwhile, the industrial computer 4 controls the ultrasonic probe 3-1 to transmit and receive ultrasonic signals at each stepping point through the ultrasonic transmitting and receiving card, so that the ultrasonic nondestructive detection of the workpiece impacted by the carbon fiber composite material is realized.
Referring to fig. 4 to 6, the ultrasonic quantitative evaluation method for impact damage of carbon fiber composite material of the present invention includes the following steps:
1. impact energy input information extraction: preparing carbon fiber composite materials with different damage degrees to impact the damaged workpiece, and extracting and storing impact energy input information of the workpieces with different damage degrees;
2. ultrasonic evaluation of impact damage degree: immersing a workpiece into water, scanning and detecting the surface of the workpiece by adopting an ultrasonic probe, and extracting and storing ultrasonic detection results of the workpiece with different damage degrees;
the scanning detection is that the ultrasonic probe is detected according to the set step pitch L x And L y Performing step-by-step scanning movement in the X-Y direction on the surface of the workpiece; the ultrasonic probe transmits an ultrasonic beam at each step point and receives an ultrasonic echo signal A; when the ultrasonic beam is transmitted and received at the workpiece without fracture damage, the ultrasonic echo signal A comprises the echo A of the upper surface of the workpiece 0 And echo A of the lower surface of the workpiece 2 (ii) a When the ultrasonic beam carries out ultrasonic emission and reception at the broken and damaged workpiece, the ultrasonic echo signal A comprises the echo A of the upper surface of the workpiece 0 And defect upper surface echo A 1 Or including an echo A of the upper surface of the workpiece 0 Defect upper surface echo a 1 And echo A of the lower surface of the workpiece 2 ；
The damage degree of the workpiece comprises the surface depression degree of the workpiece and the fracture degree of the workpiece, and the surface depression degree of the workpiece is expressed as the surface depression area S 1 And a surface pit depth H, the degree of fracture of the workpiece being expressed as a crack area S 2 The damage degree X of the workpiece is determined by the surface pit area S 1 Depth H of surface pit, degree of fracture S of workpiece 2 Carrying out comprehensive evaluation, wherein the evaluation method comprises the following steps:
X＝K 0 H+K 1 S 1 +K 2 S 2
wherein, K 0 、K 1 、K 2 Respectively representing the evaluation coefficients of the surface pit depth, the surface pit area and the crack area on the damage degree of the workpiece;
the surface pit depth H is obtained by the following method:
wherein L is 1 Shown as the echo A of the ultrasonic beam at the upper surface of the workpiece at the point of no impact defect 0 The sound path of (2);
echo A of an ultrasonic beam on the upper surface of a workpiece, expressed as the location of a surface pit 0 The nth maximum of the vocal range;
expressed as a top surface echo A with surface pit defects and without impact defects 0 The nth maximum of the difference in the acoustic path of (c); v. of 0 Represents the speed of sound of ultrasonic waves propagating in water; the value range of n is determined by ultrasoundThe random error of the system is detected, when the random error of the system is smaller, n is less than or equal to 10, and when the random error of the system is larger, n is more than 10 and less than or equal to 30;
the surface pit area S 1 The acquisition method comprises the following steps:
S 1 ＝L x ×L x ×N 1
wherein L is x And L y Respectively representing the step distances of the ultrasonic beams in the X direction and the Y direction; n is a radical of 1 Representing the number of step points judged as surface pits in the ultrasonic C scanning process; the method for judging the surface pits comprises the following steps:
namely, if the echo sound path difference delta of the upper surface of the current step distance point exceeds 50% of the average value of the n maximum sound path differences, the position where the current step distance point is located is judged to be a surface pit;
the internal crack area S 2 The acquisition method comprises the following steps:
S 2 ＝L x ×L x ×N 2
wherein N is 2 Representing the number of step pitch points judged as cracks in the ultrasonic C scanning process; the internal cracks were determined by the 6dB method.
3. Performing tensile test on the impact damage workpiece, and extracting and storing the tensile strength of the workpieces with different damage degrees;
4. establishing a mathematical model of impact energy input, an ultrasonic detection result and tensile strength correlation by adopting a mathematical modeling method;
5. scanning and detecting the surface of a workpiece to be detected by adopting an ultrasonic probe, and extracting and storing an ultrasonic detection result of the workpiece to be detected;
6. and inputting the ultrasonic detection result of the workpiece to be detected into a mathematical model, and solving the impact energy input and tensile strength of the workpiece to be detected.
The method for extracting the impact energy input information in the first step comprises the following steps: the same impact head is adopted to fall at different heights and impact the surface of a workpiece, and impact energy is obtained according to the height information of the impact head, wherein the calculation method comprises the following steps:
the pendulum bob is raised to a certain angle alpha, and the initial potential energy E of the pendulum bob 0 Comprises the following steps:
E 0 ＝m 1 gl c sinα+m 2 gl 1 sinβ
in the formula, m 1 -mass of rod, m 2 Hammer head mass, /) c Pendulum axis to rod center of gravity position,/ 1 Distance from origin O to center of gravity of the hammer head, angle of fall of center of gravity of the alpha-rod, angle of fall of center of gravity of the beta-hammer head
After the impact, the pendulum will lift back due to the rebound, the energy of the lift back being E 1 Therefore, the impact absorption work K is:
K＝E 0 -E 1
E 1 ＝m 1 gl c sinγ+m 2 gl 1 sinθ
in the formula, the angle of the gravity center of the gamma-rod rises back, and the angle of the gravity center of the theta-hammer head rises back
Therefore, the impact absorption work K is as follows,
K＝m 1 gl c sinα+m 2 gl 1 sinβ-(m 1 gl c sinγ+m 2 gl 1 sinθ)＝m 1 gl c (sinα-sinγ)+m 2 gl 1 (sinβ-sinθ)
the ultrasonic evaluation method for the impact damage degree comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of carrying out X-Y direction stepping scanning detection on the surface of a workpiece to be detected by adopting a single-point ultrasonic probe, extracting a characteristic value from an ultrasonic A scanning echo signal of each scanning point, generating an ultrasonic C scanning image, and evaluating the impact damage degree of the workpiece through the defect area generated by impact in the image.
And step three, performing tensile test on the impact damage workpiece, extracting and storing the tensile strength of the workpiece with different damage degrees, and performing tensile experiment treatment on the tensile piece by using an electronic universal testing machine to obtain the tensile strength.
Establishing a mathematical model of impact energy input, ultrasonic detection results and tensile strength correlation by adopting a mathematical modeling method, which comprises the following steps:
an image characteristic parameter model which can correspond to the tensile strength of the impact defect is established by using a mathematical modeling method, and the image characteristic parameter model formula is as follows:
the image characteristic parameter model formula is as follows:
detecting the carbon fiber composite material subjected to impact damage to obtain image information;
carrying out tensile experiment treatment on the carbon fiber composite material with the impact defect to obtain the tensile strength of the carbon fiber composite material after impact;
processing according to the image information and obtaining characteristic value parameters of the tested workpiece, wherein the characteristic value parameters comprise area characteristic parameters of the tested workpiece and tensile strength parameters of the tested workpiece;
the parameters of the characteristic values of the defect image of the tested piece are as follows:
G a ＝[(S a ，d，1-S a )，(Q 1a ，t 1 ，1-Q 1a )，(Q 2a ，t 2 ，1-Q 2a )，......((Q ka ，t k ，1-Q ka )]；
wherein S is a Is the area characteristic value parameter, Q, corresponding to the carbon fiber composite material ka Tensile Strength, d and t, measured for a k-th class carbon fiber composite k Is an adjustable variable;
calculating the correlation degree between the special parameters of the detected image and the tensile strength model of the material according to the following multi-attribute similarity formula:
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
scanning and detecting the surface of the workpiece to be detected by adopting the ultrasonic probe, and extracting and storing the ultrasonic detection result of the workpiece to be detected, wherein the step five is as follows: and detecting the data parameters of the defect characteristic image of the workpiece to be detected by utilizing the ultrasonic nondestructive testing technology in the third step.
Scanning and detecting the surface of the workpiece to be detected by adopting the ultrasonic probe, and extracting and storing the ultrasonic detection result of the workpiece to be detected, wherein the step five is as follows: and detecting the data parameters of the defect characteristic image of the workpiece to be detected by utilizing the ultrasonic nondestructive testing technology in the third step.
Inputting the ultrasonic detection result of the workpiece to be detected into a mathematical model, and solving the impact energy input and tensile strength of the workpiece to be detected, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps:
the formula for calculating the association degree between the enhanced characteristic image data parameters and the characteristic parameter model is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
and comparing the calculated and enhanced characteristic image data parameters with the characteristic parameter model according to the correlation degree information between the characteristic image data parameters and the characteristic parameter model, so as to quantitatively evaluate the impact defects of the carbon fiber composite material.
Example (b):
in the embodiment, the impact defect of the T300 carbon fiber composite material is subjected to ultrasonic nondestructive detection, the plate size is 100mm multiplied by 2mm, firstly, an impact damage test piece is manufactured through an ultrasonic quantitative evaluation device for impact damage of the carbon fiber composite material, different impact energy is adopted to impact the carbon fiber composite material, and the impact energy is 2J,4J,6J,8J and 10J respectively. Thereby preparing the carbon fiber composite material containing artificial impact defects. Then ultrasonic quantitative evaluation device for impact damage of carbon fiber composite materialAnd acquiring the sample defect characteristic image data parameters, and establishing a characteristic parameter model corresponding to various impact defects by using a mathematical modeling method according to the image data parameters. Detecting a carbon fiber composite material workpiece to be detected with impact energy of 10J by using ultrasonic waves, optimizing characteristic image data parameters by using an image enhancement technology, and finally calculating the correlation degree between the enhanced characteristic image data parameters and the characteristic parameter model to obtain c (G) n ，G a ) =0.485, the impact defect has a tensile strength of 210MPa according to the maximum correlation analysis, in accordance with practice.
The above description is only a preferred example of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. An ultrasonic quantitative evaluation method for impact damage of a carbon fiber composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
1. impact energy input information extraction: preparing carbon fiber composite materials with different damage degrees to impact the damaged workpiece, and extracting and storing impact energy input information of the workpieces with different damage degrees;
2. ultrasonic evaluation of impact damage degree: immersing a workpiece into water, scanning and detecting the surface of the workpiece by adopting an ultrasonic probe, and extracting and storing ultrasonic detection results of the workpieces with different damage degrees;
the scanning detection is that the ultrasonic probe is detected according to the set step pitch L x And L y Performing step-by-step scanning movement in the X-Y direction on the surface of the workpiece; the ultrasonic probe transmits an ultrasonic beam at each step point and receives an ultrasonic echo signal A; when the ultrasonic beam is transmitted and received at the workpiece without fracture damage, the ultrasonic echo signal A comprises the echo A of the upper surface of the workpiece 0 And echo A of the lower surface of the workpiece 2 (ii) a When the ultrasonic beam carries out ultrasonic emission and reception at the broken and damaged workpiece, the ultrasonic echo signal A comprises the echo A of the upper surface of the workpiece 0 And surface echo A on the defect 1 Or including the workpiece upper surface echo A 0 Defect upper surface echo a 1 And echo A of the lower surface of the workpiece 2 ；
The damage degree of the workpiece comprises the surface depression degree of the workpiece and the fracture degree of the workpiece, and the surface depression degree of the workpiece is expressed as a surface depression area S 1 And a surface pit depth H, the degree of fracture of the workpiece being expressed as a crack area S 2 The damage degree X of the workpiece is determined by the surface pit area S 1 Depth H of surface pit, degree of fracture S of workpiece 2 Carrying out comprehensive evaluation, wherein the evaluation method comprises the following steps:
X＝K 0 H+K 1 S 1 +K 2 S 2
wherein, K 0 、K 1 、K 2 Respectively representing the evaluation coefficients of the surface pit depth, the surface pit area and the crack area on the damage degree of the workpiece;
the surface pit depth H is obtained by the following method:
wherein L is 1 Shown as the echo A of the ultrasonic beam at the upper surface of the workpiece at the point of no impact defect 0 The sound path of (2);
echo A of an ultrasonic beam on the upper surface of a workpiece, expressed as the location of a surface pit 0 The nth maximum of the vocal range;
expressed as a top surface echo A with surface pit defects and no impact defects 0 The nth maximum of the path difference of (a);v 0 represents the speed of sound of ultrasonic waves propagating in water; the value range of n is determined according to the random error of the ultrasonic detection system, when the random error of the system is smaller, n is less than or equal to 10, and when the random error of the system is larger, n is more than 10 and less than or equal to 30;
the surface pit area S 1 The acquisition method comprises the following steps:
S 1 ＝L x ×L x ×N 1
wherein L is x And L y Respectively representing the step distances of the ultrasonic beam in the X direction and the Y direction; n is a radical of 1 Representing the number of step points judged as surface pits in the ultrasonic C scanning process; the method for judging the surface pits comprises the following steps:
namely, if the sound path difference delta of the upper surface echo of the current step distance point exceeds 50% of the average value of the n maximum sound path differences, the position where the current step distance point is located is determined to be a surface pit;
the internal crack area S 2 The acquisition method comprises the following steps:
S 2 ＝L x ×L x ×N 2
wherein, N 2 Representing the number of step pitch points judged as cracks in the ultrasonic C scanning process; judging the internal cracks by adopting a 6dB method;
3. carrying out tensile test on the impact damage workpiece, and extracting and storing the tensile strength of the workpieces with different damage degrees;
4. establishing a mathematical model of impact energy input, ultrasonic detection results and tensile strength correlation by adopting a mathematical modeling method;
5. scanning and detecting the surface of a workpiece to be detected by adopting an ultrasonic probe, and extracting and storing an ultrasonic detection result of the workpiece to be detected;
6. and inputting the ultrasonic detection result of the workpiece to be detected into a mathematical model, and solving the impact energy input and tensile strength of the workpiece to be detected.
2. The ultrasonic quantitative evaluation method of impact damage of carbon fiber composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: the method for extracting the impact energy input information in the first step comprises the following steps: the same impact head is adopted to fall at different heights and impact the surface of a workpiece to be measured, and impact energy is obtained according to the height information of the impact head, wherein the calculation method comprises the following steps:
the pendulum bob is raised to a set angle alpha, and the initial potential energy E of the pendulum bob 0 Comprises the following steps:
E 0 ＝m 1 gl c sinα+m 2 gl 1 sinβ
in the formula, m 1 -mass of rod, m 2 Hammer head mass, /) c Pendulum axis to rod center of gravity position,/ 1 -distance from origin O to center of gravity of the hammer head, α -angle of fall of center of gravity of the rod, β -angle of fall of center of gravity of the hammer head;
after impact, the pendulum will rise back due to the rebound, with energy E 1 Therefore, the impact absorption work K is:
K＝E 0 -E 1
E 1 ＝m 1 gl c sinγ+m 2 gl 1 sinθ
in the formula, the gravity center of the gamma-rod rises again, and the gravity center of the theta-hammer head rises again;
therefore, the impact absorption work K is as follows,
K＝m 1 gl c sinα+m 2 gl 1 sinβ-(m 1 gl c sinγ+m 2 gl 1 sinθ)
＝m 1 gl c (sinα-sinγ)+m 2 gl 1 (sinβ-sinθ)。
3. the utility model provides a carbon-fibre composite impact damage's supersound ration evaluation device which characterized in that: comprises an impact module (1), a water tank (2), an ultrasonic detection module (3) and an industrial computer (4); the impact module (1) impacts a workpiece to be detected to form impact damage; the water tank (2) is used for realizing water immersion of an impact damage workpiece and a workpiece to be detected in the ultrasonic detection process and realizing coupling in the ultrasonic detection process; the ultrasonic detection module (3) performs ultrasonic X-Y scanning detection on the impact damage workpiece and the workpiece to be detected after impact is finished, and obtains an ultrasonic detection result; a motor control card, an ultrasonic transmitting and receiving card and a quantitative evaluation algorithm are arranged in the industrial computer (4), and the motion, data acquisition, data processing, data storage, mathematical model establishment and impact damage degree evaluation of a workpiece to be detected of the impact module (1) and the ultrasonic detection module (3) are controlled;
the impact module (1) comprises a fixed seat (1-1), a hinged support (1-2), an optical axis (1-3), a photoelectric encoder (1-4), a bearing (1-5), a fixed ring (1-6), a rocker (1-7), an impact hammer head (1-8), a base plate (1-9) and a workpiece (1-10) to be tested; the fixed seat (1-1) is a support of the impact module and is fixed on the side surface of the water tank (2); the twisting seat (1-2) is connected with the fixed seat (1-1) through a shaft and a bearing (1-5), so that the twisting seat (1-2) rotates around the axis of the optical axis (1-3) to realize the moving-in and moving-out of the rocker (1-7) and the impact hammer head (1-8); the rocking bar (1-7) is connected to the twisting seat (1-2) through the optical axis (1-3) and the bearing and is fixed through the fixing ring (1-6), so that the rocking bar (1-7) swings around the axis of the bearing (1-5); the photoelectric encoder (1-4) is connected to the hinge base (1-2), is coaxially arranged with the bearing (1-5), is connected with the industrial computer (4) through a data line, and transmits rotation angle information of the rocker (1-7) around the axis of the bearing (1-5) to the industrial computer; the impact hammer heads (1-8) are fixedly connected with the rocking bars (1-7) through threads; the workpieces (1-10) are placed on the backing plates (1-9); in the impact process, the impact hammer heads (1-8) are lifted manually, the photoelectric encoders (1-4) transmit the rotation angles of the rocking rods (1-7) to the industrial computer (4), the industrial computer calculates the heights of the impact hammer heads (1-8) and displays the heights in real time, and when the impact hammer heads (1-8) reach the set heights, the impact hammer heads are released and descend to impact on the surface of a workpiece to be measured to form impact damage;
the water tank (2) comprises a water tank shell (2-1), a waterproof isolation cover (2-2) and a base plate lifting platform (2-3), wherein water is filled in the water tank shell (2-1) to serve as an ultrasonic coupling agent; the waterproof isolation cover (2-2) is positioned at the outer side of the base plate lifting platform (2-3) and isolates the base plate lifting platform (2-3) from water in the water tank (2); the base plate lifting platform (2-3) is fixedly connected with the base plate (1-9) through a screw, and in the impact process, the base plate lifting platform (2-3) drives the base plate (1-9) to ascend, so that the base plate (1-9) is exposed out of the water surface, a workpiece to be measured is placed, and the impact is completed; the base plate lifting table (2-3) drives the base plate (1-9) and the workpiece to be detected to descend, so that the workpiece to be detected is completely immersed in water, and the water immersion coupling state is kept in the ultrasonic detection process.
4. The ultrasonic quantitative evaluation device of impact damage of carbon fiber composite material according to claim 3, characterized in that: the ultrasonic detection module comprises an ultrasonic probe (3-1), an X-direction movement device (3-2) and a Y-direction movement device (3-3); the ultrasonic probe (3-1) is connected with an ultrasonic acquisition card, an ultrasonic receiving card and an industrial computer (4) through data lines; the ultrasonic probe (3-1) is fixed on the X-direction moving device (3-2), and the X-direction moving device (3-2) is connected with the Y-direction moving device (3-3) by adopting a slide block track; in the ultrasonic detection process, the industrial computer drives the X-direction movement device (3-2) and the Y-direction movement device (3-3) to move through the motor control card, so that the ultrasonic probe (3-1) realizes stepping scanning movement on the surface of a workpiece to be detected, and meanwhile, the industrial computer (4) controls the ultrasonic probe (3-1) to transmit and receive ultrasonic signals at each stepping point through the ultrasonic transmitting and receiving card, so that the ultrasonic nondestructive detection of the workpiece impacted by the carbon fiber composite material is realized.
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