CN115683857B - Clamp for measuring bonding strength of sprayed concrete and surrounding rock and measuring method - Google Patents
Clamp for measuring bonding strength of sprayed concrete and surrounding rock and measuring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115683857B CN115683857B CN202211367033.0A CN202211367033A CN115683857B CN 115683857 B CN115683857 B CN 115683857B CN 202211367033 A CN202211367033 A CN 202211367033A CN 115683857 B CN115683857 B CN 115683857B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
- Y02A10/23—Dune restoration or creation; Cliff stabilisation
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Abstract
The invention discloses a clamp and a measuring method for measuring the bonding strength of sprayed concrete and surrounding rock, and relates to the technical field of civil engineering, wherein the clamp comprises a first loading plate and a second loading plate which are rotationally connected; the first telescopic bolt is arranged at one end of the loading plate; the second telescopic bolt and the stress device are arranged at the other end of the loading plate; the first telescopic bolt is used for adapting to the length of the sprayed concrete test piece by changing the position of the first telescopic bolt at the loading end; the second telescopic bolt is used for changing the length of the screw rod by rotating the nut; the round hole-formed thin steel sheets are welded on the same height positions of the two side surfaces of the loading plate, a steel rod penetrates through the round hole-formed thin steel sheets, a torsion spring is arranged on the periphery of the steel rod, and the first loading plate and the second loading plate are connected through the steel rod penetrating through the round hole-formed thin steel sheets. The invention is suitable for test pieces of any size, does not need to pretreat the test pieces, can avoid the influence of additional bending moment caused by eccentric drawing, and improves the accuracy and the measurement efficiency of measurement results.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of civil engineering, in particular to a clamp for measuring the bonding strength of sprayed concrete and surrounding rock and a measuring method.
Background
The bond strength of the shotcrete to the surrounding rock is important to the impact of the structure. The bonding strength is the basis for ensuring that the sprayed concrete and the sprayed surface bear and transmit stress together.
The sprayed concrete material has certain dispersibility, and the material strength of different batches is greatly different, so that the bonding strength of the sprayed concrete and surrounding rock can be fluctuated, when the sprayed concrete is used for spraying the surrounding rock, external force is generated on the surrounding rock, and meanwhile, the bonding strength of the sprayed concrete and the surrounding rock can be influenced.
The current common methods for measuring the bonding strength of sprayed concrete and surrounding rock mainly comprise a drawing method and a splitting method. The drawing method needs to respectively carry out core sampling and embedding components on the test sample, the whole test sample is difficult to be obtained by core sampling, and the embedding components are easy to have eccentric problems in the drawing test, so that the real binding force of the test sample is not easy to measure. The splitting method has the problem that the linear loading direction is not perpendicular to the horizontal direction of the test piece in the test.
These defects can lead to deviations in the measurement of bond strength. Therefore, how to overcome the defects existing in the existing measurement method and improve the accuracy and efficiency of the measurement result is a problem that needs to be solved by those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a fixture and a measuring method for measuring the bonding strength of sprayed concrete and surrounding rock.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
a fixture for measuring bond strength of shotcrete to surrounding rock, comprising:
the first loading plate and the second loading plate are rotationally connected;
the first telescopic bolts are arranged at one ends of the first loading plate and the second loading plate;
the second telescopic bolts and the stress device are arranged at the other ends of the first loading plate and the second loading plate;
taking one end of a first telescopic bolt in the first loading plate and the second loading plate as a loading end for loading the sprayed concrete test piece;
and the end of the first loading plate and the end of the second telescopic bolt and the stressed device in the second loading plate are used as stressed ends for receiving external tensile force.
Optionally, the same height positions of the two side surfaces of the first loading plate and the second loading plate are welded with round hole-formed thin steel sheets, steel rods penetrate through round holes of the round hole-formed thin steel sheets, torsion springs are arranged on the peripheries of the steel rods, and the first loading plate and the second loading plate are connected through the steel rods penetrating through the round hole-formed thin steel sheets.
Optionally, holes with the same size are formed in the same height positions of the loading ends of the first loading plate and the second loading plate, and the holes are used for placing the first telescopic bolts;
the first telescopic bolt is used for adapting to the length of the sprayed concrete test piece by changing the position of the first telescopic bolt at the loading end.
Optionally, holes with the same size are formed in the same height positions of the stress ends of the first loading plate and the second loading plate, and the holes are used for placing the second telescopic bolts;
the second telescopic bolt is used for changing the length of the screw rod by rotating the nut.
Optionally, the stress device comprises two smooth round steel bars welded at stress ends of the first loading plate and the second loading plate.
A measurement method for measuring the bond strength of shotcrete with surrounding rock, using the jig of any one of the above, comprising the steps of:
step 1, fixing a test piece: placing the sprayed concrete test piece at the loading ends of the first loading plate and the second loading plate of the clamp, and clamping;
step 2, connecting an electrohydraulic servo testing machine: respectively connecting the sprayed concrete test piece and the clamp with an electrohydraulic servo testing machine;
step 3, loading a test piece: starting an electrohydraulic servo testing machine, and carrying out displacement loading on the sprayed concrete test piece according to preset parameters;
step 4, data processing: and obtaining the maximum tensile force in the loading process, and determining the bonding strength of the sprayed concrete test piece and the surrounding rock according to the maximum tensile force.
Optionally, the step 1 specifically includes:
step 1.1, cleaning a sprayed concrete test piece;
step 1.2, placing the surrounding rock part of the sprayed concrete test piece at the loading ends of a first loading plate and a second loading plate of the clamp;
step 1.3, changing the position of the first telescopic bolt at the loading end according to the length of the sprayed concrete test piece, and screwing the first telescopic bolt; and rotating the nut of the second telescopic bolt to adjust the length of the screw.
Optionally, the step 2 specifically includes:
step 2.1, connecting and fixing the sprayed concrete part of the sprayed concrete test piece with an electrohydraulic servo testing machine;
and 2.2, clamping a stress device of the clamp of the electrohydraulic servo testing machine.
Optionally, in the step 4, the bonding strength between the sprayed concrete test piece and the surrounding rock is:
wherein f s The bonding strength of the sprayed concrete test piece and surrounding rock is expressed in Mpa; f (F) max The maximum load of the test is represented by N; a represents the contact area of the sprayed concrete test piece and surrounding rock, a=bl, b is the width of the sprayed concrete test piece, and l is the length of the sprayed concrete test piece.
According to the technical scheme, the invention provides the clamp for measuring the bonding strength of the sprayed concrete and the surrounding rock and the measuring method, and compared with the prior art, the clamp has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The clamp can change the width according to the size of a test piece, and can be applied to test pieces of any size by setting the position of the first telescopic bolt at the lower end according to the length of the test piece.
(2) The clamp provided by the invention uses two telescopic bolts, so that the stress of a test piece is more uniform, and the defect of the original test is overcome.
(3) The invention also provides a measuring method for measuring the bonding strength of the sprayed concrete and the surrounding rock, and the defect of the existing test method is overcome.
In summary, the invention is suitable for test pieces of any size, does not need to pretreat the test pieces, can avoid the influence of additional bending moment caused by eccentric drawing, and improves the accuracy and the measurement efficiency of measurement results.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a side view of the apparatus of the clamp of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of the device of the clamp of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a top view of the apparatus of the clamp of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a detail view of the telescopic bolt of the clamp of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the connection of the clamp of the present invention to an electro-hydraulic servo tester;
FIG. 6 is a flow chart of the measurement method steps of the present invention;
wherein 1 represents a first loading plate, 2 represents a second loading plate, 3 represents a first telescopic bolt, 4 represents a second telescopic bolt, 5 represents a round hole-opened thin steel sheet, 6 represents a steel rod, 7 represents a torsion spring, and 8 represents a smooth round steel bar;
m represents an electrohydraulic servo tester, A represents a sprayed concrete part of a sprayed concrete test piece, and B represents a surrounding rock part of the sprayed concrete test piece.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The embodiment of the invention discloses a clamp for measuring the bonding strength of sprayed concrete and surrounding rock, which is shown in fig. 1-3, and comprises a loading plate, a round hole-formed thin steel sheet 5, a steel rod 6, a torsion spring 7, two telescopic bolts (a first telescopic bolt 3 and a second telescopic bolt 4) in different forms, a stress device and other structures.
The loading plate penetrates through the whole clamp, one end where the stress device is located is a stress end and used for receiving external tensile force, and the other end is a loading end and used for loading the sprayed concrete test piece.
The loading plates are provided with two loading plates, namely a first loading plate 1 and a second loading plate 2; the two sides of the first loading plate 1 and the second loading plate 2 are welded with round hole-formed thin steel sheets 5 at the same height, so that four round hole-formed thin steel sheets 5 are shared, a steel rod 6 penetrates through the four round hole-formed thin steel sheets 5 to connect the two loading plates, torsion springs 7 are arranged on the periphery of the steel rod 6, and the torsion springs 7 can be arranged in a plurality of ways. The two loading plates can rotate according to the torsion spring 7.
The first loading plate 1 is composed of a first rectangular steel plate, a first parallelogram steel plate, a second parallelogram steel plate and a second rectangular steel plate which are welded in sequence, see fig. 1, wherein an angle of 150 degrees is formed between the first rectangular steel plate and the first parallelogram steel plate, an angle of 120 degrees is formed between the first parallelogram steel plate and the second parallelogram steel plate, an angle of 150 degrees is formed between the second parallelogram steel plate and the second rectangular steel plate, and two sides of the first parallelogram steel plate and two sides of the second parallelogram steel plate are welded with the round hole opening thin steel sheet 5 at the same time. The second loading plate 2 has the same shape as the first loading plate 1, and this embodiment will not be described again.
The first telescopic bolt 3 is arranged at the loading end of the loading plate. Specifically, holes with the same size are correspondingly formed in the same height position of the loading end of the first loading plate 1 and the second loading plate 2, and the holes are arranged in pairs and used for placing the first telescopic bolts 3; the first telescopic bolt 3 is used for adapting to the length of the sprayed concrete test piece by changing the position of the first telescopic bolt at the loading end. In the concrete implementation process, a plurality of pairs of holes for placing the first telescopic bolts 3 are arranged, and two first telescopic bolts 3 are respectively placed in the holes on two sides of the sprayed concrete test piece.
The second telescopic bolt 4 and the stress device are arranged at the stress end of the loading plate. Specifically, holes with the same size are formed in the same height positions of the stress ends of the first loading plate 1 and the second loading plate 2, and the holes are arranged in pairs and used for placing the second telescopic bolts 4; the second telescopic bolt 4 is used for changing the length of the screw by rotating the nut. In the specific implementation process, a plurality of pairs of holes are formed for placing the second telescopic bolts 4, and a plurality of second telescopic bolts 4 can also be arranged. Referring to fig. 4, there are two different forms of expansion bolts. The stress device comprises two polished round steel bars 8 which are welded at stress ends of a first loading plate 1 and a second loading plate 2 and have the same size, the polished round steel bars are connected with the upper end of an electrohydraulic servo tester, and load is provided for a test piece by moving the upper end of the electrohydraulic servo tester.
The specific dimensions of the various parts in the device of the invention can be set as follows:
the overall dimension of the loading plate is 500mm long, 10mm wide and 600mm high, the length of the first rectangular steel plate is 500mm, the width of the first rectangular steel plate is 10mm, the height of the first rectangular steel plate is 100mm, the length of the first parallelogram steel plate is 500mm, the width of the first parallelogram steel plate is 10mm, the height of the first parallelogram steel plate is 200mm, the sizes of the first parallelogram steel plate and the second parallelogram steel plate are the same, and the first rectangular steel plate and the second rectangular steel plate are the same. After welding according to the specific shape shown in fig. 1, holes with the same diameter and the same height are formed in the lower end of the loading plate, the diameter of each hole is 10mm, the center distance of each hole is 10mm from the lower end of the steel plate, the center distance of each adjacent hole is 60mm, and the number of holes is 8. The two loading plates are connected by a steel rod 6 with the diameter of 8mm and the length of 500mm penetrating through a round hole formed thin steel sheet 5 with the diameter of 20mm and the center of 10mm, the two loading plates can rotate according to a torsion spring 7 on the steel rod 6, the torsion spring 7 has the wire diameter of 15mm and the outer diameter of 10mm, the number of turns is 3, meanwhile, two first telescopic bolts 3 are placed at the hole at the lower end, the size is M10 mm and 250mm, a plurality of second telescopic bolts 4 are installed at the upper end of the loading plate welded in a specific shape, the second telescopic bolts 4 are basket bolts, and two round steel bars 8 with the same thickness are welded at the center of the upper end of the loading plate.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a measuring method for measuring the bonding strength of sprayed concrete and surrounding rock, which uses the clamp to measure, and is shown in fig. 6, and comprises the following steps:
step 1, fixing a test piece: the sprayed concrete test piece is placed on the loading end of the first loading plate 1 and the second loading plate 2 of the jig and clamped, see fig. 5. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1.1, cleaning the surface of a sprayed concrete test piece by using acetone;
step 1.2, placing surrounding rock parts of the sprayed concrete test piece in clamping grooves of loading ends of a first loading plate 1 and a second loading plate 2 of the clamp;
step 1.3, setting the position of a first telescopic bolt 3 at a loading end according to the length of the sprayed concrete test piece, respectively placing the first telescopic bolts 3 at two sides of the sprayed concrete test piece, and screwing up the two first telescopic bolts 3; and the nut of the second telescopic bolt 4 is rotated to adjust the length of the screw rod and clamp the test piece, so that the test piece is prevented from being separated from the clamp in the test process, and meanwhile, the test piece is also subjected to uniform tension.
Step 2, connecting an electrohydraulic servo testing machine: the sprayed concrete test piece and the clamp are respectively connected with an electrohydraulic servo tester, see fig. 5. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 2.1, connecting and fixing the sprayed concrete part of the sprayed concrete test piece with an electrohydraulic servo testing machine;
and 2.2, clamping a stress device (namely two smooth round steel bars 8) of a clamp by an electrohydraulic servo testing machine.
Step 3, loading a test piece: starting an electrohydraulic servo testing machine, and carrying out displacement loading on the sprayed concrete test piece according to preset parameters; the preset parameter is the loading speed of the electrohydraulic servo tester, and can be specifically set to be 0.005mm/min.
Step 4, data processing: obtaining the maximum tensile force in the loading process, and determining the bonding strength of the sprayed concrete test piece and surrounding rock according to the maximum tensile force:
wherein f s The bonding strength of the sprayed concrete test piece and surrounding rock is expressed in Mpa; f (F) max The maximum load of the test is represented by N; a represents the contact area of the sprayed concrete test piece and surrounding rock, a=bl, b is the width of the sprayed concrete test piece, and l is the length of the sprayed concrete test piece.
The following describes aspects of the invention in connection with specific embodiments.
The clamp selects the position at which the first telescopic bolt 3 is screwed according to the size of the test piece, and simultaneously the second telescopic bolt 4 at the upper end of the clamp is screwed, so that the two bolts are separated from the clamp in order to prevent the test piece from being pulled out in the drawing process, the stress of the test piece is uniform, and the eccentric bending moment is avoided. The test piece is clamped at the lower end of the clamp, the smooth round steel bar 8 at the upper end is connected with the electrohydraulic servo testing machine, the electrohydraulic servo testing machine is controlled, the clamp position is moved to carry out experimental loading, and the test piece is finally destroyed to measure the bonding strength of sprayed concrete and surrounding rock.
In order to accurately calculate the binding force between the sprayed concrete and the surrounding rock, six cubic test pieces with 150 mm-150 mm can be taken for loading in the specific implementation process. The test piece is formed by spraying concrete on surrounding rock, curing, cutting into required cube size according to test requirements after 28 days, and measuring the bonding strength. The jigs and methods used for loading are described in the above embodiments.
Judging whether the test breaks the contact surface of the sprayed concrete and the surrounding rock according to the position of the breaking surface and the shape of the breaking surface, and if the test does not break the contact surface, adjusting the clamping depth of the sprayed concrete and the electrohydraulic servo tester and the clamping depth of the clamp and the surrounding rock until the breaking occurs on the contact surface, so that the bonding strength is measured more accurately.
In the present specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment is mainly described in a different point from other embodiments, and identical and similar parts between the embodiments are all enough to refer to each other.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (6)
1. A fixture for measuring the bond strength of shotcrete to surrounding rock, comprising:
a first loading plate (1) and a second loading plate (2) which are connected in a rotating way;
the first telescopic bolts (3) are arranged at one ends of the first loading plate (1) and the second loading plate (2);
the second telescopic bolts (4) and the stress devices are arranged at the other ends of the first loading plate (1) and the second loading plate (2);
taking one end of a first telescopic bolt (3) in the first loading plate (1) and the second loading plate (2) as a loading end for loading a sprayed concrete test piece;
the end of the first loading plate (1) and the end of the second telescopic bolt (4) in the second loading plate (2) where the stress device is positioned are used as stress ends for receiving external tension;
the loading ends of the first loading plate (1) and the second loading plate (2) are provided with holes with the same size at the same height position for placing the first telescopic bolts (3);
the first telescopic bolt (3) is used for adapting to the length of the sprayed concrete test piece by changing the position of the first telescopic bolt at the loading end;
the two sides of the first loading plate (1) and the second loading plate (2) are welded with round hole opening thin steel sheets (5) at the same height, steel rods (6) penetrate through round holes of the round hole opening thin steel sheets (5), torsion springs (7) are arranged on the periphery of the steel rods (6), and the first loading plate (1) and the second loading plate (2) are connected through the steel rods (6) penetrating through the round hole opening thin steel sheets (5);
holes with the same size are formed in the same height positions of the stress ends of the first loading plate (1) and the second loading plate (2) and are used for placing the second telescopic bolts (4);
the second telescopic bolt (4) is used for changing the length of the screw rod by rotating the nut.
2. A fixture for measuring the bonding strength of sprayed concrete to surrounding rock according to claim 1, characterized in that the stress means comprises two plain round bars (8) welded to the stress ends of the first loading plate (1) and the second loading plate (2).
3. A measuring method for measuring the bonding strength of sprayed concrete to surrounding rock, characterized in that the measuring is performed using the jig according to any one of claims 1-2, comprising the steps of:
step 1, fixing a test piece: placing the sprayed concrete test piece at loading ends of a first loading plate (1) and a second loading plate (2) of the clamp, and clamping;
step 2, connecting an electrohydraulic servo testing machine: respectively connecting the sprayed concrete test piece and the clamp with an electrohydraulic servo testing machine;
step 3, loading a test piece: starting an electrohydraulic servo testing machine, and carrying out displacement loading on the sprayed concrete test piece according to preset parameters;
step 4, data processing: and obtaining the maximum tensile force in the loading process, and determining the bonding strength of the sprayed concrete test piece and the surrounding rock according to the maximum tensile force.
4. A method for measuring the bonding strength of sprayed concrete to surrounding rock according to claim 3, wherein the step 1 is specifically:
step 1.1, cleaning a sprayed concrete test piece;
step 1.2, placing surrounding rock parts of the sprayed concrete test piece at loading ends of a first loading plate (1) and a second loading plate (2) of the clamp;
step 1.3, changing the position of the first telescopic bolt (3) at the loading end according to the length of the sprayed concrete test piece, and screwing the first telescopic bolt (3); the nut of the second telescopic bolt (4) is rotated to adjust the screw length.
5. A method for measuring the bonding strength of sprayed concrete to surrounding rock according to claim 3, wherein the step 2 is specifically:
step 2.1, connecting and fixing the sprayed concrete part of the sprayed concrete test piece with an electrohydraulic servo testing machine;
and 2.2, clamping a stress device of the clamp of the electrohydraulic servo testing machine.
6. A method for measuring the bonding strength between sprayed concrete and surrounding rock according to claim 3, wherein in the step 4, the bonding strength between the sprayed concrete test piece and the surrounding rock is:
wherein f s The bonding strength of the sprayed concrete test piece and surrounding rock is expressed in Mpa; f (F) max The maximum load of the test is represented by N; a represents the contact area of the sprayed concrete test piece and surrounding rock, a=bi, b is the width of the sprayed concrete test piece, and I is the length of the sprayed concrete test piece.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202211367033.0A CN115683857B (en) | 2022-11-01 | 2022-11-01 | Clamp for measuring bonding strength of sprayed concrete and surrounding rock and measuring method |
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| CN202211367033.0A CN115683857B (en) | 2022-11-01 | 2022-11-01 | Clamp for measuring bonding strength of sprayed concrete and surrounding rock and measuring method |
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| CN115683857B true CN115683857B (en) | 2023-09-05 |
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