CN115677226B - Method for preparing microcrystalline glass by sintering method - Google Patents

Method for preparing microcrystalline glass by sintering method Download PDF

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CN115677226B
CN115677226B CN202211304005.4A CN202211304005A CN115677226B CN 115677226 B CN115677226 B CN 115677226B CN 202211304005 A CN202211304005 A CN 202211304005A CN 115677226 B CN115677226 B CN 115677226B
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glass
fluorite
microcrystalline glass
sintering
ferrochrome slag
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CN115677226A (en
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闫炳基
黄晓峰
国宏伟
赵伟
李洪玮
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Suzhou University
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Suzhou University
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Abstract

The invention relates to the fields of solid waste resource utilization and microcrystalline glass materials, and discloses a method for preparing microcrystalline glass by a sintering method. The CaO-SiO 2-MgO-Al2O3 series microcrystalline glass with the main crystal phases of diopside and anorthite is prepared by taking fluorite tailings and ferrochrome slag as raw materials and adding borax as a fluxing agent and a liquid phase generating agent, has the advantages of better breaking strength, hardness, density, water absorption and the like, solves the problems of recycling and pollution of two wastes, has high economic value, and is simpler and more convenient in process and lower in cost compared with the conventional melting method without using excessive nucleating agents to promote crystallization and excessive reagent participation.

Description

Method for preparing microcrystalline glass by sintering method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of solid waste resource utilization and microcrystalline glass materials, in particular to a method for preparing microcrystalline glass by a sintering method.
Background
Glass ceramics, also known as glass ceramics, are a type of inorganic material prepared by utilizing the property that glass substances precipitate crystalline phases at specific temperatures. The glass ceramics have certain difference from the usual glass in appearance and are more similar to ceramic substances. It has the dual properties of glass and ceramic. Since the microcrystalline glass has dispersed crystals inside, the structure is more stable than ordinary glass, and the strength and toughness are better than ordinary glass. And because glass phase exists in the microcrystalline glass, the surface of the microcrystalline glass is lustrous compared with common ceramics.
The ferrochrome slag is metallurgical slag with residual harmful Cr element discharged in the process of pyrometallurgical ferrochrome, and serious pollution can be caused by improper treatment. In the patent CN108640525A, a method for preparing glass ceramics by using ferrochrome slag is provided, the slag is used to reduce the environmental pollution possibly caused by Cr element, but the treatment mode is a melting method, and ferrochrome slag is treated more purely (the consumption is more than 88%); the patent CN105152536A also designs a method for synthesizing microcrystalline glass material by using ferrochrome slag, which is matched with waste glass, wherein the proportion of the ferrochrome slag is 30% -50%, but the ferrochrome slag is still a die casting method in a melting method process, namely the ferrochrome slag is prepared by casting and forming at high temperature and then nucleating and crystallizing treatment, and more pure fluorite (purity 98% -99%) is added in the treatment as a nucleating agent so as to fully utilize the nucleation and crystallization promotion effect of CaF 2 in the preparation of microcrystalline glass.
Fluorite tailings are waste with a low calcium fluoride content (typically less than 10%) after fluorite ore dressing. The current utilization of fluorite tailings is mainly focused on three aspects: cement, non-autoclaved brick and glass ceramics. The application of the fluorite tailings in the aspect of preparing the microcrystalline glass is as shown in a patent CN104071983A, the fluorite tailings are matched with various reagents for preparing the microcrystalline glass, the fluorite tailings are effectively utilized to achieve the utilization rate of 60%, but the process is complex and the cost of industrial raw materials is a problem to be considered when various reagent raw materials are used; as another example, patent CN107417123a proposes a method for preparing microcrystalline glass by using stainless steel slag and fluorite tailing, and the method reasonably uses stainless steel slag and fluorite tailing, but the process means also belongs to a melting method, and enough crystal nucleus agent is still needed to achieve the effect of volume crystallization.
The die casting method in the conventional melting process is direct pouring molding after melting, and more crystal nucleus agent is needed to promote crystallization and other various reagents participate; the sintering method is characterized in that glass frit is formed by water quenching after melting, and then cold frit is paved in a die to be sintered to a semi-molten state for molding, compared with the die casting method, the molding process is easier to control, the heat treatment flexibility is higher, but how to coordinate the reagent, sintering temperature and crystallization temperature required in the sintering process is difficult to prepare the microcrystalline glass with better crystal form and performance by using ferrochrome alloy slag and fluorite tailings.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a method for preparing microcrystalline glass, which can prepare microcrystalline glass with good crystal forms and performances by using two wastes of ferrochrome alloy slag and fluorite tailings as raw materials and using a sintering method;
The invention also aims at providing CaO-SiO 2-MgO-Al2O3 glass ceramics prepared by the preparation method.
In order to solve the above technical problems or at least partially solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a method for preparing glass ceramics by a sintering method, which comprises:
Step 1, uniformly mixing ferrochrome slag, fluorite tailings and borax, melting to obtain glass melt, and performing water quenching on the glass melt to obtain basic glass particles;
and 2, sintering the base glass particles at 1080-1150 ℃ to crystallize the base glass particles, and cooling to obtain the microcrystalline glass.
Optionally, the weight percentages of the ferrochrome slag, the fluorite tailings and the borax are 25-40%, 55-70% and 5-10% in sequence.
Optionally, the ferrochrome slag composition includes:
25-35% of SiO 2, 40-50% of CaO, 7-9% of MgO, 8-11% of Al 2O3, 0.5-4% of Fe 2O3 and 1-5% of Cr 2O3.
Optionally, the fluorite tailings component comprises:
78-83% of SiO 2, 4-6% of CaO, 0.5-3% of MgO, 3-6% of Al 2O3, 0.5-4% of Fe 2O3 and 1-4% of F.
Optionally, sintering at 1080-1150 ℃ to heat up to 1080-1150 ℃ at a constant heating rate, and preserving heat for 1-5h.
Optionally, the melting material is melted at 1450-1550 ℃; further alternatively, the melting material is melted for 2-5 hours at a constant temperature rising speed to 1450-1550 ℃.
Optionally, the constant temperature rising speed is 5-10 ℃/min.
As a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a glass ceramic prepared by the method of the present invention, which is CaO-SiO 2-MgO-Al2O3 -series glass ceramic, and the main crystal phase is diopside and anorthite.
The CaO-SiO 2-MgO-Al2O3 series microcrystalline glass with the main crystal phases of diopside and anorthite is prepared by taking fluorite tailings and ferrochrome slag as raw materials and adding borax as a fluxing agent and a liquid phase generating agent, has the advantages of better breaking strength, hardness, density, water absorption and the like, solves the problems of recycling and pollution of two wastes, has high economic value, and is simpler and more convenient in process and lower in cost compared with the conventional melting method without using excessive nucleating agents to promote crystallization and excessive reagent participation.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a scanning electron microscope image of the sample obtained in example 1;
FIG. 3 is a scanning electron microscope image of the sample obtained in example 2;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the macro morphology of the samples obtained in examples 1 and 3.
The specific embodiment is as follows:
The invention discloses a method for preparing microcrystalline glass by a sintering method, and a person skilled in the art can properly improve the technological parameters by referring to the content of the text. It is expressly noted that all such similar substitutions and modifications will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and are deemed to be included in the present invention. While the method of the present invention has been described in terms of preferred embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the relevant art that variations and modifications can be made in the method described herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
In a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for producing glass ceramics by sintering, comprising:
taking ferrochrome slag and fluorite tailings as main raw materials, and taking borax as a fluxing agent and a liquid phase generating agent, wherein the ferrochrome slag is 25-40wt%, the fluorite tailings are 55-70wt% and the borax is 5-10wt% to prepare a mixed material, and the mixed material is 100wt%;
Putting the uniformly mixed raw materials into a frit furnace, melting for 2-5 hours at 1450-1550 ℃ to obtain clear glass melt, and then performing water quenching to obtain basic glass particles;
and (3) drying, crushing and screening the glass particles, paving the glass particles in a mould, heating to 1080-1150 ℃ at 8-10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 1-5h to realize sintering and crystallization, and then cooling along with a furnace to obtain the microcrystalline glass, wherein the process flow chart is shown in figure 1.
In certain embodiments of the present invention, the uniformity of the blend may be enhanced by pulverizing ferrochrome slag and fluorite tailings into a fine powder in advance, which is required to pass through a 100 mesh screen.
In certain embodiments of the invention, the ferrochrome slag is 25%, 31.8%, 35% or 40% by weight; the weight percentage of the fluorite tailings is 55%, 59.1%, 60%, 66% or 70%; the weight percentage of the borax is 5%, 7%, 9%, 9.1% or 10%; after the weight percentage of one or two raw materials is determined, the residual raw materials can be selected to reach 100wt% in a range;
In other embodiments of the invention, the three materials are formulated as any one of the following:
(1) 31.8wt% of ferrochrome alloy slag, 59.1wt% of fluorite tailings and 9.1wt% of borax;
(2) 25wt% of ferrochrome alloy slag, 66wt% of fluorite tailings and 9wt% of borax;
In certain embodiments of the invention, the ferrochrome slag and fluorite tailings have the compositions shown in table 1 below:
TABLE 1
In some embodiments of the invention, the molten material is melted for 2-5 hours at a temperature rise rate of 5-10 ℃/min to 1450-1550 ℃; in other embodiments of the invention, to facilitate the temperature rise and promote sufficient melting after the material begins to melt, the melting process is conducted at different temperature rise rates, i.e., the early and mid stages are at a higher temperature rise rate and the later stage is at a lower temperature rise rate, e.g., 9-10 ℃/min at a temperature below 600 ℃, 7-8 ℃/min at a temperature below 600-1200 ℃, and 5-6 ℃/min at a temperature above 1200 ℃.
In the second aspect of the invention, the glass ceramics prepared by the sintering method of the invention is CaO-SiO 2-MgO-Al2O3 glass ceramics, the main crystal phase is diopside and anorthite, the breaking strength is above 62MPa, the hardness (HV 0.5) is above 530, the density is above 2.6g/cm 3, and the water absorption is below 0.2 percent through performance detection.
In particular embodiments of the invention, unless specifically indicated otherwise, experimental environments and parameter conditions for each group under test were kept consistent.
The method for preparing glass ceramics by the sintering method provided by the invention is further described below.
Example 1: method for preparing microcrystalline glass by using ferrochrome alloy slag and fluorite tailing sintering method
The preparation raw materials comprise ferrochrome slag, fluorite tailings and borax (the purity is more than 99%), wherein the fluorite tailings are tailings obtained by mining fluorite ores and carrying out mineral processing and beneficiation, the F content is 1-5%, the components of the ferrochrome slag and the fluorite tailings are shown in table 1, the ferrochrome slag accounts for 31.8% of the total mass of the raw materials, the fluorite tailings are 59.1%, and the borax is 9.1%.
(1) Respectively ball-milling ferrochrome slag and fluorite tailings to fine powder, and sieving the fine powder with a 100-mesh sieve for standby;
(2) Uniformly mixing 31.8% by weight of ferrochrome slag, 59.1% by weight of fluorite tailings and 9.1% by weight of borax;
(3) Melting the uniformly mixed batch in a frit furnace to obtain high-temperature glass melt, wherein the melting temperature is 1460 ℃, the melting time is 2 hours, the heating rate of the frit furnace is 10 ℃/min below 600 ℃, the heating rate is 8 ℃/min above 600-1200 ℃, and the heating rate is 5 ℃/min above 1200 ℃;
(4) Directly pouring the glass melt obtained in the step (3) into water to obtain water quenched glass particles, and putting the water quenched glass particles into a drying box to be dried for 2 hours at the temperature of 120 ℃;
(5) Crushing the dried glass particles to 16-60 meshes, and paving the glass particles in a high-temperature resistant die filled with high-temperature paper;
(6) And (3) placing the paved high-temperature-resistant mold into a crystallization furnace, heating from room temperature to 1140 ℃, performing heat treatment for 2 hours, and cooling along with the furnace, wherein the heating speed is 10 ℃/min.
As a result, the obtained microcrystalline glass has the main crystal phases of diopside and anorthite, good crystallization degree (the scanning electron microscope image is shown in the attached figure 2), the flexural strength of 77.34MPa, the hardness of 542.7 (HV 0.5), the density of 2.74g/cm 3, the water absorption of 0.15 percent and excellent performance indexes.
Example 2: method for preparing microcrystalline glass by using ferrochrome alloy slag and fluorite tailing sintering method
The preparation raw materials comprise ferrochrome slag, fluorite tailings and borax (the purity is more than 99%), wherein the fluorite tailings are tailings obtained by mining fluorite ores and carrying out mineral processing and beneficiation, the F content is 1-5%, the components of the ferrochrome slag and the fluorite tailings are shown in table 1, and the ferrochrome slag accounts for 25% of the total mass of the raw materials, and the fluorite tailings are 66% and the borax is 9%.
(1) Respectively ball-milling ferrochrome slag and fluorite tailings to fine powder, and sieving the fine powder with a 100-mesh sieve for standby;
(2) Uniformly mixing 25% by weight of ferrochrome slag, 66% by weight of fluorite tailings and 9% by weight of borax;
(3) Melting the uniformly mixed batch in a frit furnace to obtain high-temperature glass melt, wherein the melting temperature is 1460 ℃, the melting time is 2 hours, the heating rate of the frit furnace is 10 ℃/min below 600 ℃, the heating rate is 8 ℃/min above 600-1200 ℃, and the heating rate is 5 ℃/min above 1200 ℃;
(4) Directly pouring the glass melt obtained in the step (3) into water to obtain water quenched glass particles, and putting the water quenched glass particles into a drying box to be dried for 2 hours at the temperature of 120 ℃;
(5) Crushing the dried glass particles to 16-60 meshes, and paving the glass particles in a high-temperature resistant die filled with high-temperature paper;
(6) And (3) placing the paved high-temperature-resistant mold into a crystallization furnace, heating from room temperature to 1080 ℃, performing heat treatment for 2 hours, and cooling along with the furnace, wherein the heating speed is 10 ℃/min.
As a result, the obtained microcrystalline glass has a main crystal phase of diopside and anorthite, good crystallization degree (scanning electron microscope image is shown in figure 3), high flexural strength 62.51MPa, hardness 533.2 (HV 0.5), density 2.63g/cm 3, water absorption rate 0.09%, and excellent performance index.
Example 3: control process
In order to compare the effect of borax in the invention, borax in example 1 is removed, and sintering sample preparation is carried out, wherein the specific process is as follows:
The preparation raw materials comprise ferrochrome slag, fluorite tailings and borax (the purity is more than 99%), wherein the fluorite tailings are tailings obtained by mining fluorite ores and carrying out mineral processing and beneficiation, the F content is 1-5%, the components of the ferrochrome slag and the fluorite tailings are shown in table 1, the ferrochrome slag accounts for 35% of the total mass of the raw materials, and the fluorite tailings account for 65%.
(1) Respectively ball-milling ferrochrome slag and fluorite tailings to fine powder, and sieving the fine powder with a 100-mesh sieve for standby;
(2) Uniformly mixing 35% by weight of ferrochrome slag and 65% by weight of fluorite tailings;
(3) Melting the uniformly mixed batch in a frit furnace to obtain high-temperature glass melt, wherein the melting temperature is 1460 ℃, the melting time is 2 hours, the heating rate of the frit furnace is 10 ℃/min below 600 ℃, the heating rate is 8 ℃/min above 600-1200 ℃, and the heating rate is 5 ℃/min above 1200 ℃;
(4) Directly pouring the glass melt obtained in the step (3) into water to obtain water quenched glass particles, and putting the water quenched glass particles into a drying box to be dried for 2 hours at the temperature of 120 ℃;
(5) Crushing the dried glass particles to 16-60 meshes, and paving the glass particles in a high-temperature resistant die filled with high-temperature paper;
(6) And (3) placing the paved high-temperature-resistant mold into a crystallization furnace, heating from room temperature to 1140 ℃, performing heat treatment for 2 hours, and cooling along with the furnace, wherein the heating speed is 10 ℃/min.
The prepared sample has uneven surface, particles which are not completely melted together exist in the center, the sintering crystallization effect is not achieved (see figure 4), and the process requirements cannot be met.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. The method for preparing the glass ceramics by a sintering method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
Step 1, uniformly mixing ferrochrome slag, fluorite tailings and borax, melting to obtain glass melt, and performing water quenching on the glass melt to obtain basic glass particles; the weight percentages of the ferrochrome slag, the fluorite tailings and the borax are 25-40%, 55-70% and 5-10% in sequence;
Step 2, sintering the base glass particles at 1080-1150 ℃ to crystallize the base glass particles, and cooling to obtain the microcrystalline glass, wherein the main crystal phase of the microcrystalline glass is diopside and anorthite;
Wherein the ferrochrome slag comprises the following components: 25-35% of SiO 2, 40-50% of CaO, 7-9% of MgO, 8-11% of Al 2O3, 0.5-4% of Fe 2O3 and 1-5% of Cr 2O3;
the fluorite tailing comprises the following components: 78-83% of SiO 2, 4-6% of CaO, 0.5-3% of MgO, 3-6% of Al 2O3, 0.5-4% of Fe 2O3 and 1-4% of F.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the sintering is performed at 1080-1150 ℃ for 1-5 hours at a constant temperature rise rate up to 1080-1150 ℃.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the frit is melted at 1450-1550 ℃.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the frit is melted for 2-5 hours at a constant temperature ramp rate to 1450-1550 ℃.
5. The method according to claim 2 or 4, wherein the constant temperature rise rate is 5-10 ℃/min.
6. The glass ceramic prepared by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the glass ceramic is CaO-SiO 2-MgO-Al2O3 glass ceramic, and the main crystal phase is diopside and anorthite.
CN202211304005.4A 2022-10-24 2022-10-24 Method for preparing microcrystalline glass by sintering method Active CN115677226B (en)

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CN116947454A (en) * 2023-06-12 2023-10-27 河北睿索固废工程技术研究院有限公司 Vanadium-titanium-iron tailing-based ceramic colored sand material and preparation method thereof

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104071983A (en) * 2014-07-09 2014-10-01 北京璞晶科技有限公司 Sintering technique for producing microcrystalline glass plate from fluorite tailings
CN107417123A (en) * 2017-07-28 2017-12-01 苏州大学 A kind of method for preparing devitrified glass using stainless steel slag and fluorite mine tailing
CN108640525A (en) * 2018-07-31 2018-10-12 合肥利裕泰玻璃制品有限公司 A kind of ferrochrome slag microcrystalline glass and preparation method thereof

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104071983A (en) * 2014-07-09 2014-10-01 北京璞晶科技有限公司 Sintering technique for producing microcrystalline glass plate from fluorite tailings
CN107417123A (en) * 2017-07-28 2017-12-01 苏州大学 A kind of method for preparing devitrified glass using stainless steel slag and fluorite mine tailing
CN108640525A (en) * 2018-07-31 2018-10-12 合肥利裕泰玻璃制品有限公司 A kind of ferrochrome slag microcrystalline glass and preparation method thereof

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