CN115673833A - Swing shaft device and machine tool - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a swing shaft device and a machine tool, wherein the swing shaft device comprises: a main shaft; the torque motor comprises a rotor and a stator, and the stator is matched with the rotor to drive the main shaft to rotate; an encoder; the brake component comprises a brake piece, a fixed chuck, a movable chuck and a force application component, wherein the brake piece is fixedly connected to the main shaft and is arranged between the fixed chuck and the movable chuck, and the force application component is pushed against the movable chuck by virtue of elasticity; an annular chamber is defined between the movable chuck and the fixed chuck, the annular chamber is communicated with a hydraulic pipeline, and the hydraulic pipeline is configured to provide hydraulic oil into the annular chamber in an electrified state so as to release clamping of the brake pad by pushing the movable chuck away from the brake pad through the hydraulic oil; and under the power-off state, the hydraulic oil is drained so as to push the movable chuck to clamp the brake pad through the force application part.

Description

Swing shaft device and machine tool

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of machine tool machining, in particular to a swing shaft device and a machine tool.

Background

In the process of machining a workpiece such as a blade (e.g., a blade of an aircraft engine), it is necessary to adjust and change an angle between a machining tool (e.g., a milling cutter) and the workpiece in real time according to a machining path so that a complicated curved surface meeting design requirements can be machined on the surface of the workpiece.

In the prior art, the swing shaft device of the machine tool is generally used for driving relevant components to adjust the angle between the tool and the workpiece in real time, for example, the swing shaft device is generally used for driving the tool to swing so as to adjust the angle between the tool and the workpiece in real time. In the prior art, the oscillating shaft device generally comprises a main shaft, a torque motor and an encoder; the torque motor is used for driving the spindle to rotate, and the encoder is used for detecting and controlling the rotation angle of the spindle in real time, so that the spindle can drive related parts to swing controllably to achieve the purpose of adjusting the angle between the cutter and the workpiece.

However, the above-mentioned swing shaft device in the prior art has the following problems in the process of machining a workpiece:

after a sudden loss of power to the torque motor for some reason, such as a sudden stop in the power supply to the machine tool, the spindle is uncontrolled, which may result in a relative impact between the workpiece and the tool, which may result in damage to the tool and/or the workpiece.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, embodiments of the present invention provide a swing shaft device and a machine tool.

In order to solve the technical problem, the embodiment of the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a swing shaft apparatus comprising:

the head of the main shaft is provided with a turntable, and the turntable is provided with a joint surface for connecting with external equipment;

the torque motor comprises a rotor sleeved on the main shaft and a stator sleeved outside the rotor, and the stator is matched with the rotor to drive the main shaft to rotate;

the encoder is arranged at the tail part of the main shaft and used for detecting the rotation angle of the main shaft;

the brake part comprises a brake pad, a fixed chuck, a movable chuck and a force application part, wherein the brake pad is directly or indirectly and fixedly connected to the main shaft and is arranged between the fixed chuck and the movable chuck, and the force application part pushes the movable chuck against the movable chuck by means of elastic force so that the movable chuck and the fixed chuck clamp the brake pad; wherein:

an annular chamber is defined between the movable chuck and the fixed chuck, the annular chamber is communicated with a hydraulic pipeline, and the hydraulic pipeline is configured to provide hydraulic oil into the annular chamber in an electrified state so as to release clamping of the brake pad by pushing the movable chuck away from the brake pad through the hydraulic oil; and under the power-off state, hydraulic oil is drained so as to push the movable chuck to clamp the brake pad through the force application part.

Preferably, the force application member includes:

a holding disc, which is positioned at one side of the movable chuck and is provided with a plurality of through plunger holes which are circumferentially arranged;

the elastic component is arranged in each plunger hole and comprises a plunger and a disc spring sleeved on the plunger, and the disc spring applies elastic force to the plunger to enable the plunger to push against the movable chuck towards the direction of the brake block.

Preferably, the fixed chuck is sleeved outside the movable chuck, the movable chuck has a shaft shoulder surface, the fixed chuck has a first step surface opposite to the shaft shoulder surface, the annular chamber is located between the shaft shoulder surface and the first step surface, and sealing rings for sealing with the fixed chuck are installed on the outer peripheral surfaces of the movable chucks on two sides of the shaft shoulder surface.

Preferably, the fixed chuck is fixedly connected with the stator, the holding disc is fixedly connected with the fixed chuck, and a bearing is arranged between the holding disc and the main shaft.

Preferably, the fixed chuck has a second step surface, the brake pad being interposed between the second step surface and an end surface of the movable chuck.

Preferably, an oil supply hole is formed from the outer side of the fixed chuck to the annular chamber, and the oil supply pipeline is connected to the outer end of the oil supply hole.

Preferably, the tail of the rotor is fixedly connected with a connecting disc, the connecting disc has an axially protruding annular mounting part facing the disc surface of the movable chuck, and the brake pad is fixed on the annular mounting part.

Preferably, the head of the spindle is fixedly connected with the turntable, and the turntable is fixedly connected with the rotor.

Preferably, a supporting disc is fixed to the head of the stator, and a bearing is arranged between the supporting disc and the rotating disc.

The invention also discloses a machine tool, comprising:

the main frame is provided with a cylindrical accommodating cavity which is communicated from front to back;

according to the swing shaft device, the swing shaft device is arranged in the columnar accommodating cavity;

the clamping device is positioned on the front side of the main rack and connected to a turntable of the swing shaft device, and the clamping device is used for clamping a workpiece;

and the cutter shaft device is arranged at the top of the main frame.

Compared with the prior art, the swing shaft device and the machine tool disclosed by the invention have the beneficial effects that:

1. according to the invention, by additionally arranging the braking component which brakes the main shaft under the condition of power failure, the interference and collision between the workpiece and the cutter caused by sudden power failure of the machine tool in a machining state can be effectively avoided.

2. The movable chuck and the fixed chuck are used for enclosing an annular chamber, and the annular chamber is supplied with oil in a selective mode to realize braking and brake release.

It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the invention.

The summary of various implementations or examples of the technology described in this disclosure is not a comprehensive disclosure of the full scope or all features of the disclosed technology.

Drawings

In the drawings, which are not necessarily drawn to scale, like reference numerals may describe similar components in different views. Like reference numerals having letter suffixes or different letter suffixes may represent different instances of similar components. The drawings illustrate various embodiments, by way of example and not by way of limitation, and together with the description and claims, serve to explain the inventive embodiments. The same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like parts, where appropriate. Such embodiments are illustrative and not intended to be exhaustive or exclusive embodiments of the present apparatus or method.

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a swing shaft device according to the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a perspective view of another perspective view of the swing shaft device provided by the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a main sectional view of a swing shaft device provided in the present invention.

Fig. 4 is an enlarged view of a portion a of fig. 3.

Fig. 5 is a perspective sectional view of a swing shaft device provided in the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a schematic perspective view of a fixing chuck in the swing shaft device according to the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a schematic perspective view of a force application member in the swing shaft device according to the present invention.

Fig. 8 is a perspective view of a machine tool according to the present invention.

Fig. 9 is a schematic perspective view of another perspective view of the machine tool provided by the present invention.

Reference numerals:

10-a main shaft; 20-torque motor; 21-a rotor; 22-a stator; 30-a braking component; 31-brake pads; 311-connecting disc; 3111-an annular mounting portion; 32-a fixed chuck; 321-a first step face; 322-second step face; 33-a movable chuck; 331-shoulder surface; 332-end face; 333-sealing ring; 34-a force application member; 341-a holding disc; 342-a resilient member; 3421-plunger; 3422-disc spring; 35-an annular chamber; 351-oil supply holes; 36-angular contact bearings; 41-a turntable; 42-a support tray; 43-turntable bearings; 50-an encoder; 51-a protective cover; 60-oil supply line; 61-an electromagnetic directional valve; 100-a swing shaft device; 200-a main frame; 201-columnar accommodating cavity; 300-a clamping device; 301-a rotating shaft arrangement; 302-a box rack; 400-a knife shaft device; 401-a cutter; 500-workpiece.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the described embodiments of the invention without any inventive step, are within the scope of protection of the invention.

Unless defined otherwise, technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The use of "first," "second," and similar terms in the present application do not denote any order, quantity, or importance, but rather the terms are used to distinguish one element from another. The word "comprising" or "comprises", and the like, means that the element or item listed before the word covers the element or item listed after the word and its equivalents, but does not exclude other elements or items. The terms "connected" or "coupled" and the like are not restricted to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "upper", "lower", "left", "right", and the like are used merely to indicate relative positional relationships, and when the absolute position of the object being described is changed, the relative positional relationships may also be changed accordingly.

To maintain the following description of the embodiments of the present invention clear and concise, a detailed description of known functions and known components of the invention have been omitted.

As shown in fig. 8 and 9, the embodiment of the present invention discloses a swing shaft device 100 and a machine tool including the swing shaft device 100, wherein the machine tool includes a main frame 200, a clamping device 300, and a cutter shaft device 400 in addition to the swing shaft device 100.

A cylindrical housing chamber 201 is formed in the main frame 200, the cylindrical housing chamber 201 penetrates the front and rear sides of the main frame 200, the swing shaft device 100 is installed in the cylindrical housing chamber 201, and the head of the swing shaft device 100 faces the front side of the main frame 200. The clamping device 300 is located at the front side of the main frame 200 and connected to the swing shaft device 100, specifically, the clamping device 300 includes a box frame 302 and two revolving shaft devices 301 coaxially disposed on the box frame 302, the two revolving shaft devices 301 cooperatively can clamp a workpiece 500 such as a blade and can drive the workpiece 500 to revolve, the rear side of the box frame 302 is connected to the swing shaft device 100, and the swing shaft device 100 is used for driving the clamping device 300 to swing. The cutter shaft device 400 is provided on the top of the main frame 200, the cutter shaft device 400 is arranged to be linearly movable in three directions X, Y, Z, a cutter 401 is attached to the bottom of the cutter shaft device 400, and the cutter shaft device 400 rotates the cutter 401 to enable the cutter 401 to perform machining in a milling manner. Thus, the cutter shaft device 400 drives the cutter 401 to move in three directions, and the clamping device 300 drives the workpiece 500 to rotate and swing, so that the cutter 401 can complete the machining of the complex curved surface of the workpiece 500.

As shown in fig. 1 to 5, the swing shaft apparatus 100 includes: spindle 10, torque motor 20, encoder 50, turntable 41, support disk 42, and brake member 30.

The head of the spindle 10 is provided with a rotating disc 41, the rotating disc 41 is fixedly connected with the spindle 10 through circumferentially arranged fasteners, so that the rotating disc 41 rotates along with the spindle 10, a joint surface is formed on the outer disc surface of the rotating disc 41, the disc-shaped structure of the box frame 302 of the clamping device 300 is butted with the joint surface of the rotating disc 41 and is fixedly connected with the box frame 302 through the circumferentially arranged fasteners, and the clamping device 300 can be driven.

The torque motor 20 includes a rotor 21 and a stator 22, the stator 22 is sleeved outside the rotor 21, the stator 22 and the rotor 21 drive the rotor 21 to rotate under the action of magnetic force, the head of the rotor 21 is fixedly connected with the turntable 41 through fasteners arranged in the circumferential direction, and thus, the rotor 21 can drive the spindle 10 to rotate synchronously. The head of the stator 22 is fixedly coupled to the support plate 42 by circumferentially arranged fasteners, and the support plate 42 is fixedly coupled to the front side of the main frame 200 by circumferentially arranged fasteners, so that the swing shaft assembly 100 is mounted to the main frame 200. A turntable bearing 43 is provided between the support disk 42 and the turntable 41 to support the turntable 41 and the front end of the spindle 10.

The encoder 50 is installed at the tail of the spindle 10, the protective cover 51 is covered outside the encoder 50, the function of the encoder 50 is the same as that of the encoder 50 of the swing spindle device 100 in the prior art, and the specific structure and the working principle of the encoder 50 are not repeated herein, the encoder 50 is used for detecting the rotation angle of the spindle 10 in real time, so as to control and adjust the rotation angle of the spindle 10 in real time by matching with an electrical control system of a machine tool, and further adjust the swing of the clamping device 300 in real time, so as to cooperate with the components such as the cutter shaft device 400, the rotating shaft device 301, and the like to implement the processing of the workpiece 500.

The invention installs the brake part 30 in the oscillating axle device 100 and matches the hydraulic pipeline and the hydraulic control component, the brake part 30 includes: brake pad 31, fixed chuck 32, movable chuck 33, and biasing member 34.

The tail of the rotor 21 is fixed with a connecting disc 311 through circumferentially arranged fasteners, an annular mounting part 3111 protruding axially is formed on the disc surface of the connecting disc 311 facing the tail, and the annular brake disc 31 is fixedly connected with the annular mounting part 3111 through circumferentially arranged fasteners. The edge of the fixed chuck 32 is fixedly connected with the tail part of the stator 22 through fasteners arranged in the circumferential direction, an inner hole of the fixed chuck 32 forms a first step surface 321 and a second step surface 322 through being constructed into a step hole, and the second step surface 322 is positioned in front of the first step surface 321; the movable chuck 33 is configured to be a shoulder structure to form a shoulder surface 331, and the end surface 332 of the movable chuck 33 and the second step surface 322 of the fixed chuck 32 are respectively located at two sides of the brake disc, so that the movable chuck 33 cooperates with the fixed chuck 32 to clamp the brake pad 31 when receiving a force towards the brake pad 31, thereby braking the spindle 10.

The force applying member 34 is used for providing a force to the movable chuck 33 in a direction toward the brake pad 31, and specifically, the force applying member 34 includes a holding disc 341 and a plurality of elastic members 342, and an edge of the holding disc 341 is fixedly connected with a tail disc surface of the fixed chuck 32 by a circumferential arrangement of fasteners, so that the movable chuck 33 is defined in an inner hole of the fixed chuck 32. An angular contact bearing 36 is installed between the holding disk 341 and the main shaft 10 for supporting the tail of the main shaft 10. As shown in fig. 3, 4 and 7, the retaining plate 341 has a plurality of circumferentially arranged plunger holes formed therein, the plunger holes axially penetrate through the plunger holes, each plunger hole is provided with a resilient member 342, the resilient member 342 includes a plunger 3421 and a disc spring 3422 sleeved on the plunger 3421, the disc spring 3422 pushes the plunger 3421 towards the movable chuck 33, which causes the plunger 3421 to apply a resilient force to the movable chuck 33, so that the brake pad 31 is clamped between the movable chuck 33 and the fixed chuck 32.

A cavity is enclosed by the movable chuck 33 and the fixed chuck 32, specifically, a shaft shoulder surface 331 of the movable chuck 33 and a first step surface 321 of the fixed chuck 32 enclose an annular cavity chamber 35, and the annular cavity chamber 35 is set into a closed cavity by arranging a sealing ring 333 on the outer peripheral surface of the movable chuck 33 at two sides of the shaft shoulder surface 331; as shown in fig. 1, 3 and 6, an oil supply hole 351 is formed in the fixed chuck 32, an inner end of the oil supply hole 351 penetrates the annular chamber 35, and an outer end of the oil supply hole 351 penetrates an edge of the disk surface of the fixed chuck 32.

An oil supply line 60 is led out from the hydraulic system of the machine tool, and as shown in fig. 3, a distal end of the oil supply line 60 is connected to an outer end of an oil supply hole 351, and the oil supply line 60 selectively supplies hydraulic oil to the annular chamber 35 through the oil supply hole 351, and for this purpose, a solenoid directional valve 61 is installed in the oil supply line 60, and the oil supply port is opened when the solenoid directional valve 61 is energized, and the oil drain port is closed, and the oil supply port is closed and the oil drain port is opened when the solenoid directional valve 61 is de-energized.

The operation process of the braking component 30 is as follows:

in the process of machining the workpiece 500, the electromagnetic directional valve 61 on the oil supply pipeline 60 is powered on, the oil supply port of the electromagnetic directional valve 61 is opened, the oil drain port is closed, the oil supply pipeline 60 is in a conducting state of supplying oil to the annular cavity 35, the hydraulic oil enables the annular cavity 35 to be in a high-pressure state, the movable chuck 33 is in a state far away from the brake pad 31 by overcoming the elasticity of the force application part 34, and during the period, the torque motor 20 is matched with the encoder 50 to control the spindle 10 to drive the clamping device 300 and the workpiece 500 to be matched with the cutter 401 to adjust the angle in real time.

If the machine tool is suddenly powered off due to some reasons, the electromagnetic directional valve 61 on the liquid supply pipeline is powered off, the oil supply port of the electromagnetic directional valve 61 is closed, the oil drain port is opened, the oil supply pipeline 60 stops supplying oil to the annular chamber 35, oil is drained from the oil drain port, pressure in the annular chamber 35 is released instantly, the disc spring 3422 of the force application part 34 is reset to push the movable chuck 33 to clamp the brake disc 31, and then the main shaft 10 and the clamping device 300 are braked, so that the workpiece 500 and the cutter 401 are prevented from being interfered and collided due to the fact that the clamping device 300 continues to rotate due to inertia or gravity.

The oscillating shaft device 100 and the machine tool provided by the invention have the advantages that:

1. the invention can effectively avoid the interference and collision between the workpiece 500 and the cutter 401 when the machine tool in a machining state is suddenly powered off by additionally arranging the braking component 30 which brakes the main shaft 10 under the condition of power off.

2. The movable chuck 33 and the fixed chuck 32 enclose an annular chamber 35, and braking release are realized by supplying oil preferentially into the annular chamber 35.

Moreover, although exemplary embodiments have been described herein, the scope of the present invention includes any and all embodiments based on the present invention with equivalent elements, modifications, omissions, combinations (e.g., of various embodiments across), adaptations or alterations. The elements of the claims are to be interpreted broadly based on the language employed in the claims and not limited to examples described in the present specification or during the prosecution of the application, which examples are to be construed as non-exclusive. It is intended, therefore, that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit being indicated by the following claims and their full scope of equivalents.

The above description is intended to be illustrative and not restrictive. For example, the above-described examples (or one or more versions thereof) may be used in combination with each other. For example, other embodiments may be used by those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the above description. In addition, in the above-described embodiments, various features may be grouped together to streamline the disclosure. This should not be interpreted as an intention that a disclosed feature not claimed is essential to any claim. Rather, inventive subject matter may lie in less than all features of a particular disclosed embodiment. Thus, the following claims are hereby incorporated into the detailed description as examples or embodiments, with each claim standing on its own as a separate embodiment, and it is contemplated that these embodiments may be combined with each other in various combinations or permutations. The scope of the invention should be determined with reference to the appended claims, along with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled.

The above embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the claims. Various modifications and equivalents may be made by those skilled in the art within the spirit and scope of the present invention, and such modifications and equivalents should also be considered as falling within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. An oscillating shaft device, characterized by comprising:

the head of the main shaft is provided with a turntable, and the turntable is provided with a joint surface for connecting with external equipment;

the torque motor comprises a rotor sleeved on the main shaft and a stator sleeved outside the rotor, and the stator is matched with the rotor to drive the main shaft to rotate;

the encoder is arranged at the tail part of the main shaft and used for detecting the rotation angle of the main shaft;

the brake part comprises a brake piece, a fixed chuck, a movable chuck and a force application part, wherein the brake piece is directly or indirectly and fixedly connected to the main shaft and is arranged between the fixed chuck and the movable chuck, and the force application part is pushed against the movable chuck by virtue of elastic force so that the movable chuck and the fixed chuck clamp the brake piece; wherein:

an annular chamber is defined between the movable chuck and the fixed chuck, the annular chamber is communicated with a hydraulic pipeline, and the hydraulic pipeline is configured to provide hydraulic oil into the annular chamber in an electrified state so as to release clamping of the brake pad by pushing the movable chuck away from the brake pad through the hydraulic oil; and under the power-off state, the hydraulic oil is drained so as to push the movable chuck to clamp the brake pad through the force application part.

2. The swing shaft apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the force application member includes:

a holding disc, which is positioned at one side of the movable chuck and is provided with a plurality of through plunger holes which are circumferentially arranged;

the elastic component is arranged in each plunger hole and comprises a plunger and a disc spring sleeved on the plunger, and the disc spring applies elastic force to the plunger to enable the plunger to push against the movable chuck towards the direction of the brake block.

3. Swing shaft device according to claim 2, wherein the fixed chuck is arranged around the movable chuck, the movable chuck has a shoulder surface, the fixed chuck has a first step surface opposite to the shoulder surface, the annular chamber is arranged between the shoulder surface and the first step surface, and the outer circumferential surface of the movable chuck on both sides of the shoulder surface is provided with a sealing ring for sealing with the fixed chuck.

4. Oscillating shaft device according to claim 2, characterized in that the fixed chuck is fixedly connected with the stator, the holding disc is fixedly connected with the fixed chuck, and a bearing is mounted between the holding disc and the main shaft.

5. Swing shaft device according to claim 2, characterized in that the fixed chuck has a second step surface, the brake pad being interposed between the second step surface and an end surface of the movable chuck.

6. The swing shaft apparatus according to claim 1, wherein an oil supply hole is opened from an outer side of the fixed chuck toward the annular chamber, and the liquid supply line is connected to an outer end of the oil supply hole.

7. Swing shaft device according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotor has a connection disc fixedly connected to its end, said connection disc having an axially protruding annular mounting on the disc surface facing the movable chuck, said brake pad being fixed to said annular mounting.

8. Oscillating axle device according to claim 1, characterised in that the head of the main axle is fixedly connected to the turntable, which is fixedly connected to the rotor.

9. The swing shaft apparatus according to claim 8, wherein a support disc is fixed to a head portion of the stator, and a bearing is installed between the support disc and the turntable.

10. A machine tool, comprising:

the main frame is provided with a cylindrical accommodating cavity which is communicated from front to back;

swing shaft device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, mounted in the cylindrical housing chamber;

the clamping device is positioned on the front side of the main rack and connected to a turntable of the swing shaft device, and the clamping device is used for clamping a workpiece;

and the cutter shaft device is arranged at the top of the main frame.

Images