CN115672922A - Solidification method of different kinds of heavy metal hazardous wastes - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of hazardous wastes, and mainly relates to a solidification method of different kinds of heavy metal hazardous wastes, which comprises the steps of adding cement, sodium lignosulfonate, potassium aluminate, powdered activated carbon and solidification auxiliary materials into the hazardous wastes, stirring uniformly, and then forming, maintaining, detecting and burying in a landfill; the solidification auxiliary material is at least one of lime, fly ash and ferrous sulfate high-iron sulphoaluminate; the hazardous waste contains heavy metals and organic impurities, and the heavy metals are at least one of zinc, nickel, copper, lead, hexavalent chromium and arsenic. By adopting the scheme, the powdery activated carbon is added during hazardous waste treatment, so that not only can organic impurities in the waste be adsorbed, but also the filled activated carbon can increase the mechanical strength, cohesive force and anti-shearing capacity of the cured substance for landfill, and the overall stability of the landfill site is improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention relates to the technical field of hazardous wastes, and mainly relates to a solidification method of different kinds of heavy metal hazardous wastes.
Background
With the rapid development of industry, a large amount of heavy metal wastewater is generated in the industries of automobiles, electronics, machinery and the like, and sludge, tank slag, acid sludge and waste residues generated after the wastewater is neutralized and subjected to filter pressing contain various heavy metals such as copper, nickel, arsenic, zinc, chromium and the like, so that the heavy metal wastewater has high toxicity and belongs to dangerous waste. If the treatment is improper, social environment and human health are seriously affected, and economic development is also severely restricted.
In the prior art, most dangerous waste treatment methods are used for solidifying single heavy metal in waste, the practicability of the dangerous waste containing multiple heavy metals is not strong, when the heavy metal type changes, the treatment method needs to be researched again, in other words, in the field of dangerous waste treatment, one method is only effective for one waste, the efficiency is low, and the application range is small.
In addition, in most hazardous waste disposal processes containing heavy metals, not only the heavy metals need to be stably solidified, but also the total amount of water-soluble salts and organic matters need not to exceed 5% when the hazardous waste is buried according to the requirements of the latest hazardous waste landfill pollution control standard GB 18598-2019. Therefore, the existing disposal of heavy metal hazardous waste is not adapted to the requirements of new standards.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for solidifying hazardous wastes of different types of heavy metals, which can be used for stably solidifying heavy metals, soluble salts and organic matters in the hazardous wastes, can adjust a solidification scheme in due time according to the change of the types and the contents of the heavy metals, and is suitable for treating most hazardous wastes of different types of heavy metals.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a method for solidifying hazardous wastes of different types of heavy metals is characterized by comprising the following steps: adding cement, sodium lignosulfonate, potassium aluminate, powdered activated carbon and curing auxiliary materials into the hazardous waste, uniformly stirring, forming, maintaining, detecting and burying in a landfill site;
the solidification auxiliary material is at least one of lime, fly ash and ferrous sulfate high-iron sulphate aluminum;
the hazardous waste contains heavy metals and organic impurities, and the heavy metals are at least one of zinc, nickel, copper, lead, hexavalent chromium and arsenic.
By adopting the scheme, the powdered activated carbon is added during hazardous waste treatment, so that organic impurities (namely organic matters) in the waste can be adsorbed, the filled activated carbon can increase the mechanical strength, cohesive force and anti-shearing capacity of the landfill condensate, and the overall stability of the landfill is improved.
The common heavy metals in the hazardous waste comprise zinc, nickel, copper, lead, hexavalent chromium, arsenic and the like, and the applicant finds that the zinc, the nickel, the copper and the lead are the common heavy metals after a large number of tests, and the difference between the curing agent and the curing principle is not great during treatment; compared with the four heavy metals, hexavalent chromium and arsenic are different in curing principle and curing method, so that the hazardous waste can be respectively treated by the following conditions according to the difference of the types and the contents of the heavy metals:
in the hazardous waste, when the heavy metal is at least one of zinc, nickel, copper and lead, the hazardous waste is solidified according to the following scheme:
hazardous waste one: when the content of zinc in the hazardous waste is 0-1000mg/L, the content of nickel is 0-40mg/L, the content of copper is 0-1000mg/L, the content of lead is 0-50mg/L, the total content of organic impurities is 5-15%, and the total content of water-soluble salt is 10-20%, the types and the dosages of the raw materials used when the hazardous waste is solidified are as follows: by taking the mass of hazardous wastes as 100 percent, 8 to 20 percent of cement, 0.2 to 0.5 percent of sodium lignosulfonate, 0.5 to 0.7 percent of potassium aluminate, 0.5 to 1 percent of powdered activated carbon, 5 to 10 percent of fly ash and 5 to 10 percent of high-iron sulphoaluminate.
And II, hazardous waste: when the content of any one of zinc, nickel, copper and lead in the hazardous waste is in a high content range, the total content of organic impurities is 5-20%, and the total content of water-soluble salt is 20-40%, the types and the use amounts of the raw materials used for solidifying the hazardous waste are as follows: by taking the mass of hazardous wastes as 100 percent, 60 to 100 percent of cement, 0.2 to 0.5 percent of sodium lignosulfonate, 0.5 to 0.8 percent of potassium aluminate, 0.5 to 2 percent of powdered activated carbon, 10 to 30 percent of fly ash and 10 to 20 percent of high-iron sulphoaluminate;
the high content ranges are: 1000-2500mg/L of zinc, 40-200mg/L of nickel, 1000-3000mg/L of copper and 50-150mg/L of lead.
In the hazardous waste, when the heavy metal is hexavalent chromium or is the mixture of hexavalent chromium and at least one of zinc, nickel, copper and lead, the hazardous waste is solidified according to the following scheme:
hazardous waste three: the hazardous waste contains 0-1000mg/L of zinc, 0-40mg/L of nickel, 0-1000mg/L of copper, 0-50mg/L of lead, 5-3000mg/L of hexavalent chromium and 5-15% of total organic impurities, and the hazardous waste is solidified by using the following raw materials in types and dosage: taking the mass of hazardous waste as 100 percent, 25 to 50 percent of cement, 0.2 to 0.5 percent of sodium lignosulfonate, 0.5 to 0.7 percent of potassium aluminate, 0.7 to 1.5 percent of powdered activated carbon, 15 to 20 percent of lime and 0 to 40 percent of ferrous sulfate.
And D, hazardous waste: when the content of any one of zinc, nickel, copper, lead and hexavalent chromium in the hazardous waste is in a high content range and the total amount of organic impurities is 5-20%, the types and the use amounts of the raw materials used in the process of solidifying the hazardous waste are as follows: taking the mass of hazardous waste as 100 percent, 50 to 60 percent of cement, 0.3 to 0.5 percent of sodium lignosulfonate, 0.5 to 0.8 percent of potassium aluminate, 1 to 2 percent of powdered activated carbon, 25 to 30 percent of lime and 40 to 50 percent of ferrous sulfate;
the high content range is as follows: 1000-2500mg/L of zinc, 40-200mg/L of nickel, 1000-3000mg/L of copper, 50-150mg/L of lead and 3000-5000mg/L of hexavalent chromium.
In the hazardous waste, when the heavy metal is arsenic or the mixture of arsenic and at least one of zinc, nickel, copper and lead, the hazardous waste is solidified according to the following scheme:
and V, hazardous waste: when the content of zinc in the hazardous waste is 0-1000mg/L, the content of nickel is 0-40mg/L, the content of copper is 0-1000mg/L, the content of lead is 0-50mg/L, the content of arsenic is 5-150mg/L, and the total amount of organic impurities is 5-20%, the types and the dosage of the raw materials used in the process of solidifying the hazardous waste are as follows: by taking the mass of hazardous wastes as 100 percent, 45-50 percent of cement, 0.2-0.5 percent of sodium lignosulfonate, 0.5-0.8 percent of potassium aluminate, 0.6-1.5 percent of powdered activated carbon, 15-20 percent of lime and 10-20 percent of fly ash.
Six dangerous wastes: when the content of any one of zinc, nickel, copper, lead and arsenic in the hazardous waste is in a high content range and the total amount of organic impurities is 5-20%, the types and the use amounts of the raw materials used for solidifying the hazardous waste are as follows: by taking the mass of hazardous wastes as 100 percent, 60 to 80 percent of cement, 0.2 to 0.4 percent of sodium lignosulfonate, 0.6 to 0.8 percent of potassium aluminate, 1 to 2 percent of powdered activated carbon, 35 to 40 percent of lime and 10 to 20 percent of fly ash;
the high content ranges are: 1000-2500mg/L of zinc, 40-200mg/L of nickel, 1000-3000mg/L of copper, 50-150mg/L of lead and 150-500mg/L of arsenic.
In the hazardous waste, when the heavy metal is hexavalent chromium and arsenic or the mixture of the hexavalent chromium and the arsenic and at least one of zinc, nickel, copper and lead, the hazardous waste is solidified according to the following scheme:
seven hazardous wastes: the hazardous waste contains 0-1000mg/L of zinc, 0-40mg/L of nickel, 0-1000mg/L of copper, 0-50mg/L of lead, 10-3000mg/L of hexavalent chromium, 5-150mg/L of arsenic, 10-30% of total water-soluble salt and 5-20% of total organic impurities, and the hazardous waste is solidified by using the following raw materials in types and dosage: by taking the mass of hazardous wastes as 100 percent, 45 to 50 percent of cement, 0.2 to 0.4 percent of sodium lignosulfonate, 0.5 to 0.8 percent of potassium aluminate, 1.2 to 2 percent of powdered activated carbon, 15 to 20 percent of lime, 20 to 30 percent of fly ash, 20 to 25 percent of ferrous sulfate and 5 to 10 percent of high-iron sulphoaluminate.
Eight hazardous wastes: when the content of any one of zinc, nickel, copper, lead, hexavalent chromium and arsenic in the hazardous waste is in a high content range, the total amount of water-soluble salt is 20-40%, and the total amount of organic impurities is 5-20%, the types and the use amounts of the raw materials used for solidifying the hazardous waste are as follows: taking the mass of hazardous wastes as 100 percent, 50 to 80 percent of cement, 0.2 to 0.5 percent of sodium lignosulfonate, 0.6 to 0.8 percent of potassium aluminate, 1.4 to 2.5 percent of powdered activated carbon, 25 to 30 percent of lime, 20 to 40 percent of fly ash, 40 to 50 percent of ferrous sulfate and 10 to 20 percent of high-iron sulphoaluminate;
the high content range is as follows: 1000-2500mg/L of zinc, 40-200mg/L of nickel, 1000-3000mg/L of copper, 50-150mg/L of lead, 3000-5000mg/L of hexavalent chromium and 150-500mg/L of arsenic.
Above-mentioned scheme, according to the change of heavy metal kind and content among the hazardous waste, directly select for use corresponding scheme to handle, changed the current situation that the useless processing enterprise "a useless side" of danger, improved work efficiency greatly.
The theoretical basis is as follows:
(1) For treating the landfill heavy metal, gel material cement and heavy metal hazardous waste are fully and uniformly stirred, water is added for stirring, hydration is carried out, a hard cement solidified body is formed, C-S-H colloid is generated due to the hydration of the cement, the colloid is an amorphous colloid gap material, has high specific surface area and strong adsorbability, and is very remarkable in solidification of the heavy metal, and on the other hand, in a solidification alkaline system, hydroxide precipitates formed by heavy metals such as copper, zinc, nickel, chromium and cadmium are adsorbed and coated on the surface of the C-S-H colloid, so that the stabilization of the heavy metal is promoted together. The chemical reaction equation is as follows:
2(3CaO·SiO 2 )+6H 2 O→3CaO·2SiO 2 ·3H 2 O+3Ca(OH) 2
2(2CaO·SiO 2 )+4H 2 O→3CaO·2SiO 2 ·3H 2 O+Ca(OH) 2
3CaO·Al 2 O 3 +6H 2 O→3CaO·Al 2 O 3 ·6H 2 O
(2) For treating the landfill heavy metal containing oxidizability, a reducing agent ferrous ion is added, so that on one hand, high-valence metals such as hexavalent chromium, pentavalent arsenic and the like can be reduced, on the other hand, the ferrous ion is easy to form ferric hydroxide flocculate in a gel system to increase the adsorbability of the reaction, accelerate the hydration of cement and enable the concrete to be durable for a long time.
(3) For treating the landfill water-soluble salt, the main components of the high-iron sulphoaluminate are aluminum oxide and silicon dioxide, and the main components of the quartz powder areSilicon dioxide, and the industrial waste salt slag to be treated contains a large amount of sodium salt and potassium salt. By adopting the scheme, when in curing, silicate, aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide and the like generate a novel aluminosilicate gel material through alkali-activated reaction in an alkaline environment provided by cement, the material has an amorphous and semi-crystalline three-dimensional aluminosilicate structure formed by mutual winding and interaction of Si-O-Si chains and Al-O-Si chains, and can be used for removing a large amount of Na existing in industrial waste salt residues + 、K + The plasma is embedded in the network gap and is balanced with negative charges in the system, so that the solidification of the soluble salt of the industrial waste salt slag is realized; in addition, a large number of cavity structures exist in the three-dimensional structure, salt in the salt slag can be wrapped in the cavity structures, the dissolution of water-soluble salt is reduced, and the solidification effect is further enhanced.
(4) For different seasons of landfill operation, lignosulfonate (or naphthalenesulfonate, casein) and aluminate such as potassium aluminate are respectively used as alkaline water agent and accelerator for curing reaction, the water reducer can improve the fluidity of the reaction system, reduce the cement dosage, the accelerator can accelerate the hydration hardening of cement, and form enough strength in a short time to ensure the curing time requirement of the reaction system under the condition of low temperature in winter, and the addition amount is 0.3-4% of the amount of hazardous waste.
(5) For treating the landfill organic matters, the activated carbon has a developed porous structure, a large specific surface area and strong adsorption capacity, can effectively absorb various VOC organic gases and malodorous amine gases such as trimethylamine, triethylamine, ammonia gas and other inorganic gases generated in the stirring process of the curing reaction, and is added with the activated carbon. On one hand, the toxic and harmful gases can be quickly adsorbed and treated, organic matters are adsorbed, the landfill requirement is met, and the working environment is improved. On the other hand, the carbon emission can be reduced, and the environmental protection policy of carbon reaching the standard is facilitated. The active carbon has small particle size and volume, can be embedded in the gaps of the solidified mixture, has little influence on the volume of a landfill site and has small influence on the service life. And thirdly, the mechanical strength, the cohesive force and the shearing resistance of the landfill condensate can be improved, and the overall stability of the landfill site is improved.
Detailed Description
In view of the situation that a lot of waste production enterprises are available in the market, each family has a lot of types of sludge containing various heavy metals, and the treatment schemes of each type are different, a lot of experimental research is carried out to obtain treatment technical schemes of sludge containing different types and contents of heavy metals, the obtained data is sorted and combined, the obtained data is summarized as shown in the following table, hazardous wastes containing different components are classified according to different doors, and thus when different hazardous wastes needing landfill treatment are treated, the required corresponding curing agent and proportion treatment scheme can be directly found. In particular, it is to be noted that: firstly, adding ferrous sulfate into dangerous waste containing hexavalent chromium for reduction reaction, reducing the hexavalent chromium into trivalent chromium, and then adding lime and cement for solidification and stabilization; secondly, the hazardous waste with high water-soluble salt needs to be added with high-iron sulphoaluminate and stirred uniformly to obtain the aluminosilicate cementing material, and then the curing agent is added for stabilization treatment.
And detecting leaching toxicity after curing the solidified and stabilized hazardous waste for seven days, and directly conveying the hazardous waste to a landfill site for landfill treatment through a belt conveying device after the result meets the requirements of hazardous waste landfill pollution control standard GB 18598-2019. The specific embodiment is as follows:
example 1
The total zinc =1943mg/L, the total nickel =5.9mg/L, the total amount of water-soluble salt =27%, and organic matter: 21 percent, and the other detection results are in the standard range of the landfill site, and the mass ratio of the sludge: cement: fly ash: sodium lignosulfonate: potassium aluminate: activated carbon: after mixing the high-iron sulphoaluminate =1, 0.6, 0.2: 4.3 percent of the total weight of the active carbon reaches the requirement of burying in a landfill.
Example 2
The total zinc =162mg/L, the total nickel =9.65mg/L, the total lead =20.6mg/L, the total amount of water-soluble salt =17.9%, and the organic matter: 18 percent, and the other detection results are in the standard range of the landfill site, and the mass ratio of the sludge: cement: fly ash: sodium lignosulfonate: potassium aluminate: activated carbon: the method comprises the following steps of (1) preparing a high-iron sulphoaluminate =1, 0.1, 0.007, 0.006: 3.8 percent, all meet the requirements of burying in a landfill.
Example 3
The chromium-containing waste residue of a certain chemical plant is detected to have total zinc =1631mg/L, total copper =1873mg/L, hexavalent chromium =5934mg/L, total amount of water-soluble salt =34%, and organic matter: 12 percent, and the other detection results are in the standard range of landfill sites, and the weight percentage of the chromium-containing waste residues is as follows: ferrous sulfate: cement: lime: sodium lignosulfonate: potassium aluminate: activated carbon: high iron sulphoaluminate =1, 0.5: 4.7 percent of the total weight of the active carbon meets the requirement of burying in a landfill.
Example 4
The arsenic-containing sludge of a certain pesticide factory is detected to have total arsenic =202mg/L, total zinc =1103.3mg/L, the total amount of water-soluble salt =24%, and organic matters: 19 percent, and the other detection results are in the standard range of the landfill site, and the mass ratio of the sludge: cement: lime: fly ash: sodium lignosulfonate: potassium aluminate: activated carbon: high-iron sulphoaluminate =1, 0.7, 0.35: 4.2 percent of the total weight of the active carbon meets the requirement of burying in a landfill.
Example 5
The sludge of a certain mechanical plant is detected to have total zinc =813.3mg/L, total copper =1509.6mg/L, total amount of water-soluble salt =22.3%, and organic matter: 16 percent, and the other detection results are within the standard range of landfill sites according to the proportion of sludge: cement: fly ash: high iron sulphoaluminate: sodium lignosulfonate: potassium aluminate: activated carbon: high-iron sulphoaluminate =1, 0.5: 3.9 percent of the total weight meets the requirement of entering a landfill.
Example 6
Taking the mixed hazardous waste of the above examples 1-5 after fully mixing, wherein the total zinc =1890.3mg/L, the total copper =1970.2mg/L, the total nickel =69mg/L, the hexavalent chromium =5734.1mg/L, the total arsenic =273mg/L, the total amount of water-soluble salt =37%, and the organic matter: 18 percent, and the other detection results are in the standard range of the landfill site, and the detection results are in accordance with mixed hazardous wastes: ferrous sulfate: cement: lime: fly ash: high iron sulphoaluminate: sodium lignosulfonate: potassium aluminate: activated carbon: high iron sulphoaluminate =1, 0.5: 4.7 percent of the total weight of the active carbon meets the requirement of burying in a landfill.
TABLE 1 summary of hazardous waste before and after disposal in examples 1-6
Wherein, the examples 1 to 5 are different stored hazardous wastes, the case 6 is a mixed hazardous waste formed by combining several types of hazardous wastes, and after curing and curing in proportion, the results measured by leaching toxicity all meet the requirements of landfill entry in hazardous waste landfill pollution control Standard GB 18598-2019.
The curing agent has good curing effect on different kinds of hazardous wastes containing heavy metals, has wide practical range and strong universality, and can select a proper curing agent and a treatment scheme of the dosage proportion thereof by finding out the kinds and the content of the heavy metals, the total amount of water-soluble salt and the total amount of organic impurities in the hazardous wastes through research, and all landfill parameters can reach the standard of entering a landfill site after curing so as to be safely buried. The working efficiency of the hazardous waste disposal enterprise is greatly improved, and the time and labor cost are saved.
Claims (9)
1. A method for solidifying hazardous wastes of different types of heavy metals is characterized by comprising the following steps: adding cement, sodium lignosulfonate, potassium aluminate, powdered activated carbon and curing auxiliary materials into the hazardous waste, uniformly stirring, forming, maintaining, detecting and burying in a landfill site;
the solidification auxiliary material is at least one of lime, fly ash and ferrous sulfate high-iron sulphate aluminum;
the hazardous waste contains heavy metals and organic impurities, and the heavy metals are at least one of zinc, nickel, copper, lead, hexavalent chromium and arsenic.
2. The method for solidifying hazardous wastes of different kinds of heavy metals according to claim 1, characterized in that: when the heavy metal is at least one of zinc, nickel, copper and lead, the hazardous waste is solidified according to the following scheme:
hazardous waste one: when the content of zinc in the hazardous waste is 0-1000mg/L, the content of nickel is 0-40mg/L, the content of copper is 0-1000mg/L, the content of lead is 0-50mg/L, the total content of organic impurities is 5-15%, and the total content of water-soluble salt is 10-20%, the types and the dosage of the raw materials used when the hazardous waste is solidified are as follows: by taking the mass of hazardous wastes as 100 percent, 8 to 20 percent of cement, 0.2 to 0.5 percent of sodium lignosulfonate, 0.5 to 0.7 percent of potassium aluminate, 0.5 to 1 percent of powdered activated carbon, 5 to 10 percent of fly ash and 5 to 10 percent of high-iron sulphoaluminate.
3. The solidification method of heterogeneous heavy metal hazardous waste according to claim 1, wherein: when the heavy metal is at least one of zinc, nickel, copper and lead, the hazardous waste is solidified according to the following scheme:
and II, hazardous waste: when the content of any one of zinc, nickel, copper and lead in the hazardous waste is in a high content range, the total content of organic impurities is 5-20%, and the total content of water-soluble salt is 20-40%, the types and the use amounts of the raw materials used for solidifying the hazardous waste are as follows: by taking the mass of hazardous wastes as 100 percent, 60 to 100 percent of cement, 0.2 to 0.5 percent of sodium lignosulfonate, 0.5 to 0.8 percent of potassium aluminate, 0.5 to 2 percent of powdered activated carbon, 10 to 30 percent of fly ash and 10 to 20 percent of high-iron sulphoaluminate;
the high content range is as follows: 1000-2500mg/L of zinc, 40-200mg/L of nickel, 1000-3000mg/L of copper and 50-150mg/L of lead.
4. The method for solidifying hazardous wastes of different kinds of heavy metals according to claim 1, characterized in that: when the heavy metal is hexavalent chromium or is hexavalent chromium and at least one of zinc, nickel, copper and lead, the hazardous waste is solidified according to the following scheme:
hazardous waste three: the hazardous waste contains 0-1000mg/L of zinc, 0-40mg/L of nickel, 0-1000mg/L of copper, 0-50mg/L of lead, 5-3000mg/L of hexavalent chromium and 5-15% of total organic impurities, and the hazardous waste is solidified by using the following raw materials in types and dosage: taking the mass of hazardous waste as 100 percent, 25 to 50 percent of cement, 0.2 to 0.5 percent of sodium lignosulfonate, 0.5 to 0.7 percent of potassium aluminate, 0.7 to 1.5 percent of powdered activated carbon, 15 to 20 percent of lime and 0 to 40 percent of ferrous sulfate.
5. The solidification method of heterogeneous heavy metal hazardous waste according to claim 1, wherein: when the heavy metal is hexavalent chromium or is hexavalent chromium and at least one of zinc, nickel, copper and lead, the hazardous waste is solidified according to the following scheme:
and D, hazardous waste: when the content of any one of zinc, nickel, copper, lead and hexavalent chromium in the hazardous waste is in a high content range and the total amount of organic impurities is 5-20%, the types and the use amounts of the raw materials used in the process of solidifying the hazardous waste are as follows: taking the mass of hazardous waste as 100 percent, 50 to 60 percent of cement, 0.3 to 0.5 percent of sodium lignosulfonate, 0.5 to 0.8 percent of potassium aluminate, 1 to 2 percent of powdered activated carbon, 25 to 30 percent of lime and 40 to 50 percent of ferrous sulfate;
the high content range is as follows: 1000-2500mg/L of zinc, 40-200mg/L of nickel, 1000-3000mg/L of copper, 50-150mg/L of lead and 3000-5000mg/L of hexavalent chromium.
6. The method for solidifying hazardous wastes of different kinds of heavy metals according to claim 1, characterized in that: when the heavy metal is arsenic or the mixture of arsenic and at least one of zinc, nickel, copper and lead, the hazardous waste is solidified according to the following scheme:
and (5) hazardous waste five: when the content of zinc in the hazardous waste is 0-1000mg/L, the content of nickel is 0-40mg/L, the content of copper is 0-1000mg/L, the content of lead is 0-50mg/L, the content of arsenic is 5-150mg/L, and the total amount of organic impurities is 5-20%, the types and the dosage of the raw materials used for curing the hazardous waste are as follows: taking the mass of hazardous wastes as 100 percent, 45 to 50 percent of cement, 0.2 to 0.5 percent of sodium lignosulfonate, 0.5 to 0.8 percent of potassium aluminate, 0.6 to 1.5 percent of powdered activated carbon, 15 to 20 percent of lime and 10 to 20 percent of fly ash.
7. The method for solidifying hazardous wastes of different kinds of heavy metals according to claim 1, characterized in that: when the heavy metal is arsenic or the mixture of arsenic and at least one of zinc, nickel, copper and lead, the hazardous waste is solidified according to the following scheme:
six dangerous wastes: when the content of any one of zinc, nickel, copper, lead and arsenic in the hazardous waste is in a high content range and the total amount of organic impurities is 5-20%, the types and the use amounts of the raw materials used for solidifying the hazardous waste are as follows: by taking the mass of hazardous wastes as 100 percent, 60 to 80 percent of cement, 0.2 to 0.4 percent of sodium lignosulfonate, 0.6 to 0.8 percent of potassium aluminate, 1 to 2 percent of powdered activated carbon, 35 to 40 percent of lime and 10 to 20 percent of fly ash;
the high content range is as follows: 1000-2500mg/L of zinc, 40-200mg/L of nickel, 1000-3000mg/L of copper, 50-150mg/L of lead and 150-500mg/L of arsenic.
8. The solidification method of heterogeneous heavy metal hazardous waste according to claim 1, wherein: when the heavy metal is mixture of hexavalent chromium and arsenic or mixture of hexavalent chromium and arsenic and at least one of zinc, nickel, copper and lead, the hazardous waste is solidified according to the following scheme:
seven dangerous wastes: the hazardous waste contains 0-1000mg/L of zinc, 0-40mg/L of nickel, 0-1000mg/L of copper, 0-50mg/L of lead, 10-3000mg/L of hexavalent chromium, 5-150mg/L of arsenic, 10-30% of total water-soluble salt and 5-20% of total organic impurities, and the hazardous waste is solidified by using the following raw materials in types and dosage: by taking the mass of hazardous wastes as 100 percent, 45 to 50 percent of cement, 0.2 to 0.4 percent of sodium lignosulfonate, 0.5 to 0.8 percent of potassium aluminate, 1.2 to 2 percent of powdered activated carbon, 15 to 20 percent of lime, 20 to 30 percent of fly ash, 20 to 25 percent of ferrous sulfate and 5 to 10 percent of high-iron sulphoaluminate.
9. The solidification method of heterogeneous heavy metal hazardous waste according to claim 1, wherein: when the heavy metal is mixture of hexavalent chromium and arsenic or mixture of hexavalent chromium and arsenic and at least one of zinc, nickel, copper and lead, the hazardous waste is solidified according to the following scheme:
eight hazardous wastes: when the content of any one of zinc, nickel, copper, lead, hexavalent chromium and arsenic in the hazardous waste is in a high content range, the total amount of water-soluble salt is 20-40%, and the total amount of organic impurities is 5-20%, the types and the use amounts of the raw materials used for solidifying the hazardous waste are as follows: taking the mass of hazardous wastes as 100 percent, 50 to 80 percent of cement, 0.2 to 0.5 percent of sodium lignosulfonate, 0.6 to 0.8 percent of potassium aluminate, 1.4 to 2.5 percent of powdered activated carbon, 25 to 30 percent of lime, 20 to 40 percent of fly ash, 40 to 50 percent of ferrous sulfate and 10 to 20 percent of high-iron sulphoaluminate;
the high content ranges are: 1000-2500mg/L of zinc, 40-200mg/L of nickel, 1000-3000mg/L of copper, 50-150mg/L of lead, 3000-5000mg/L of hexavalent chromium and 150-500mg/L of arsenic.
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| CN116944211A (en) * | 2023-09-20 | 2023-10-27 | 矿冶科技集团有限公司 | Method for efficiently depolymerizing and dispersing waste acid neutralization slag and dual-solidifying heavy metals |
| CN116944211B (en) * | 2023-09-20 | 2023-11-28 | 矿冶科技集团有限公司 | Method for efficiently depolymerizing and dispersing waste acid neutralization slag and dual-solidifying heavy metals |
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