CN115672272A - Method for converting petroleum-polluted soil into multifunctional water treatment material - Google Patents
Method for converting petroleum-polluted soil into multifunctional water treatment material Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multifunctional water treatment material for converting petroleum-polluted soil. Firstly, the petroleum-polluted soil or the petroleum-polluted soil and natural pyrite doped mixture is subjected to mechanochemical treatment by adopting a high-energy ball milling method, then rapid oxygen-limited pyrolysis is carried out, and the obtained carbonized soil has different functions of heavy metal adsorption, persulfate activation, ozone catalysis and the like, can be used for adsorbing and treating heavy metal-containing wastewater, activating persulfate oxidation and catalyzing ozone oxidation to treat organic wastewater, and realizes high-value resource utilization of the petroleum-polluted soil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of soil pollution control, and particularly relates to a method for converting petroleum-polluted soil into a water treatment material with multiple functions of heavy metal adsorption, activated persulfate oxidation, ozone catalytic oxidation and the like and application thereof.
Background
The oil polluted soil remediation has more mature technologies including incineration, thermal desorption, advanced oxidation, extraction, leaching, microbial degradation, plant-microorganism combined remediation and the like, and has successful application cases in remediation engineering practices of different types of polluted sites. However, the disposal of the repaired soil is of little concern, and the conventional disposal methods are mostly returning to the field, building roads or doping into building materials, which are similar to the disposal methods of the conventional industrial solid wastes, so that the recycling economic value is low, and even additional payment for disposal cost is required. Therefore, it is necessary to review existing remediation techniques and disposal strategies that are mainly aimed at making harmless resources, and to find a treatment method that is mainly aimed at making resources.
In the heat treatment technology, the fast pyrolysis can rapidly crack long-chain hydrocarbon into short-chain hydrocarbon, rapidly volatilize at high temperature and condense to recover liquid fuel oil, so that the energy consumption required by the pyrolysis process can be compensated, the net energy of the pyrolysis process is reduced, and the energy-saving effect is achieved, so that the fast pyrolysis method is gradually paid attention to and becomes a treatment method with a great application prospect. The rapid pyrolysis can recover high-quality fuel oil with a high heat value from petroleum-polluted soil, almost all organic carbon still remaining in the soil after pyrolysis is converted into stable and nontoxic solid carbon, and the solid carbon is uniformly covered on the surface of soil minerals to form mineral/carbon composite carbonized soil, the content of soluble organic carbon in the soil is low, and leachate has no biotoxicity. The carbonized soil can be safely returned to the field, the soil fertility is improved to a certain degree, and no negative influence is shown on seedling germination and plant growth.
However, the return-to-field disposal strategy of the carbonized soil obtained by the rapid pyrolysis of the petroleum-polluted soil cannot fully utilize the intrinsic beneficial components and the environmental functions thereof, and both the economic benefit and the environmental benefit are low. The conventional clean soil usually contains clay minerals, carbonates, metal oxides, humus and other components with adsorption or catalytic performance, so that the soil has certain self-cleaning capacity and environmental capacity. After petroleum pollution, other soil components are still in the soil, the content of organic matters is obviously improved, and the organic matters remained in the soil after fast pyrolysis are converted into amorphous or graphitized solid carbon which generally has better adsorption performance. Secondly, the organic matter may generate environmental permanent free radicals through high-temperature pyrolysis treatment, so that the organic matter has high oxidation performance, and the resource utilization of the organic matter is not concerned yet; thirdly, clay minerals, carbonates, metal oxides, etc., which are pyrolyzed, may lower stability, generate structural defects, and improve reactivity. The above reasons are expected to make the adsorption and catalytic performance of the petroleum-contaminated soil pyrolysis-derived carbonized soil significantly higher than that of conventional clean soil, and have the potential of being applied to sewage treatment.
The improvement of the environmental function of the carbonized soil is a necessary choice for improving the resource utilization value of the carbonized soil, and specific functional components can be added through necessary pretreatment or the performance of the existing specific functional components can be excited. The conventional functional modification methods for the adsorption material comprise acid-base modification, transition metal loading, non-metal element doping and the like, the treatment methods usually adopt a solution impregnation method and even need to be carried out under the conditions of high temperature or high pressure, waste liquid or waste gas is inevitably generated in the treatment process, and the waste liquid or waste gas is discharged after the standard treatment is carried out subsequently, so that more additional treatment cost is increased. In addition, due to the addition of exogenous chemical agents during the treatment process, secondary pollution may also occur.
Therefore, a green pretreatment method without adding exogenous chemical agents is sought, and then fast pyrolysis treatment is carried out to convert the petroleum-polluted soil into a high-efficiency multifunctional water treatment material, so that the carbonized soil can be reused in sewage treatment to form a soil-water pollution cooperative treatment mode, and the method is an important way for improving the environmental function and the resource recycling value of the carbonized soil.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a method for converting petroleum-polluted soil into a multifunctional water treatment material.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method for converting petroleum-contaminated soil into a multifunctional water treatment material comprises the following steps:
(1) High-energy ball-milling activated soil mineral
And (2) loading the petroleum-polluted soil or the petroleum-polluted soil and natural pyrite doped mixture into a ball milling tank, carrying out high-energy treatment on the petroleum-polluted soil or the petroleum-polluted soil and the natural pyrite doped mixture, removing or converting part of petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants, and converting mechanical energy into chemical energy of inherent mineral substances in the soil to obtain the mechanochemical activated petroleum-polluted soil.
(2) Preparation of multifunctional water treatment material
Adding the mechanochemical activated petroleum-contaminated soil or the petroleum-contaminated soil and natural pyrite doped mixture obtained in the step (1) into a pyrolysis furnace, starting a rapid pyrolysis mode, introducing inert gas for oxygen-limited pyrolysis, completely removing petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants, and converting solid residues into a magnetic mineral/carbon composite multifunctional water treatment material;
(3) Application of multifunctional water treatment material
When the wastewater is treated, the multifunctional water treatment material obtained in the step (2) is added into the wastewater for vibration or stirring treatment, necessary persulfate or ozone is added when the multifunctional water treatment material is used for oxidizing organic wastewater, and solid residues are recovered after the reaction is finished for recycling.
Further: the doping amount of the natural pyrite is 5-30% of the quality of the petroleum-polluted soil.
Further, the high-energy ball milling treatment is to adopt a planetary ball mill to carry out mechanochemical treatment on the petroleum polluted soil or the petroleum polluted soil and natural pyrite doped mixture, wherein the grinding ball is made of zirconia or stainless steel, and the ball milling is carried out for 2 to 10 seconds in an intermittent treatment mode, and is carried out for 2 to 10 seconds in a pause mode alternately.
Further: the mass ratio of the grinding balls to the petroleum-polluted soil or the petroleum-polluted soil and the natural pyrite doped mixture is 20-50/1, the rotating speed is 200-600 r/min, the treatment time of the petroleum-polluted soil is 0.5-4 h, and the treatment time of the petroleum-polluted soil and the natural pyrite doped mixture is 1-12 h.
Further: the pyrolysis furnace is a muffle furnace, a tubular furnace or a box furnace, inert gas is introduced, the temperature of the pyrolysis furnace is increased to 400-600 ℃, and then the petroleum-polluted soil or the petroleum-polluted soil and natural pyrite doped mixture which is subjected to high-energy ball milling treatment is added, wherein the pyrolysis time of the petroleum-polluted soil is 10-120 min, and the pyrolysis time of the petroleum-polluted soil and natural pyrite doped mixture is 30-120 min.
Further: the multifunctional water treatment material has the functions of adsorbing heavy metals, activating persulfate for oxidation and catalyzing ozone for oxidation.
Further: the multifunctional water treatment material is used for adsorbing cationic heavy metals, the concentration of the heavy metals is 1-1000 mg/L, the adding amount of the carbonized soil is 0.5-5 g/L, and the material is vibrated or stirred for 0.5-6 h.
Further: the cationic heavy metal is lead, copper, zinc and cadmium.
Further: the multifunctional water treatment material is used for activating persulfate oxidation, persulfate is sodium persulfate, potassium persulfate, sodium persulfate or potassium hydrogen persulfate, a treatment object is organic wastewater, pollutants are mainly amines, anilines, phenols or esters, the concentration of the amines, anilines, phenols or esters is 1-500 mg/L, the adding amount of carbonized soil is 0.5-3 g/L, the adding amount of the persulfate is 0.5-3 g/L, and oscillation or stirring is carried out for 0.5-6 h.
Further: the multifunctional water treatment material is used for catalyzing ozone oxidation, the treatment object is organic wastewater, pollutants are mainly amines, anilines, phenols or esters, the concentration of the amines, the anilines, the phenols or the esters is 1-500 mg/L, the addition amount of carbonized soil is 0.5-3 g/L, an ozone generator is adopted to introduce ozone into the wastewater, the addition amount of the ozone is 0.1-10 mg/L.min, vibration or stirring is carried out for 5-60 min, and tail gas is introduced into a sodium sulfate solution to prevent the tail gas from escaping.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The invention adopts a high-energy ball milling method for pretreatment, removes part of organic pollutants, converts the organic pollutants into nonvolatile substances, reduces the subsequent tail gas treatment requirement, has no obvious change of organic carbon content, intercepts more carbon elements in carbonized soil, and realizes low-carbon treatment.
(2) The invention adopts the high-energy ball milling method for pretreatment, does not add external chemical agents, does not generate waste gas and waste liquid in the treatment process, mainly uses solid carbon as carbon elements remained in soil after pyrolysis treatment, has no biotoxicity in carbonized soil leachate, and realizes green and clean treatment.
(3) According to the invention, the high-energy ball milling method is adopted for pretreatment, so that the adsorption and catalytic performance of inherent mineral substances in the soil is excited, the heavy metal adsorption, activated persulfate oxidation and ozone catalytic oxidation performance of the carbonized soil are obviously improved after pyrolysis treatment, and the material performance and the resource value are improved.
(4) The invention adopts a method of doping natural pyrite to change the composition of the petroleum-polluted soil, the main components of the soil are iron disulfide and ferrous sulfide, the content of sulfur element with higher affinity and reducibility to most heavy metals in the soil can be increased, and the adsorption performance to heavy metal cations is improved.
(5) According to the invention, natural pyrite is doped into the petroleum-contaminated soil by adopting a ball milling method, so that on one hand, natural pyrite powder can be crushed to a micro-nano level and is more uniformly mixed with soil particles, on the other hand, the ball milling treatment effect is strengthened, the mechanical energy is converted into the chemical energy of soil minerals, the crystallinity is reduced, and the reaction activity is improved.
(6) According to the invention, after the petroleum-polluted soil and the natural pyrite mixture are subjected to oxygen-limited pyrolysis, the carbonized soil with higher surface sulfur elements and metal oxides is obtained, the reduction and complexing sites of the carbonized soil are enhanced, and the adsorption performance of the carbonized soil on heavy metals is obviously improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without inventive exercise. Wherein:
FIG. 1 shows the adsorption amounts of lead, copper, zinc and cadmium of different concentrations in wastewater by the carbonized soil prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 shows the adsorption rates of the carbonized soil prepared in example 1 of the present invention to lead, copper, zinc, and cadmium in wastewater.
FIG. 3 shows the effect of sodium persulfate activated by carbonized soil prepared in example 1 of the present invention on degradation of aniline at different concentrations.
FIG. 4 shows the recycling effect of sodium persulfate activated by carbonized soil prepared in example 1 of the present invention for degrading aniline.
FIG. 5 shows the catalytic effect of the carbonized soil prepared in example 1 of the present invention on the degradation of aniline by ozone with different concentrations.
FIG. 6 shows the effect of six catalytic ozonation degradations on aniline in carbonized soil prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 7 shows the residual TPH content and the TOC content of the leach liquor of various materials in example 7 of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is an FTIR spectra of RCS and FeS @ CS in example 7 of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is an XRD pattern of RCS and FeS @ CS in example 7 of the present invention.
FIG. 10 shows the isothermal adsorption amounts of the ball-milled carbonized soil prepared in example 7 of the present invention to copper, nickel, and manganese in wastewater with different concentrations.
FIG. 11 shows the adsorption kinetics of the ball-milled carbonized soil prepared in example 7 of the present invention on copper, nickel, and manganese in wastewater with different concentrations.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, specific embodiments thereof are described in detail below with reference to examples of the specification.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may be practiced in other ways than those specifically described and will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and therefore the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
Furthermore, reference herein to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one implementation of the invention. The appearances of the phrase "in one embodiment" in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments.
Example 1
The method comprises the steps of treating the petroleum-polluted soil by adopting a planetary ball mill, wherein grinding balls are made of stainless steel, the mass ratio of the grinding balls to the petroleum-polluted soil is 30/1, the rotating speed is 500r/min, and an intermittent ball milling treatment mode is adopted, namely ball milling is carried out for 5s, suspension is carried out for 5s, and the treatment time is 2h.
And (3) pyrolyzing the ball-milled petroleum-contaminated soil by using a tubular furnace, namely, adding the petroleum-contaminated soil subjected to high-energy ball milling treatment after the temperature of the pyrolysis furnace is increased to 500 ℃ by using a rapid pyrolysis mode, wherein the pyrolysis time is 120min.
And respectively adding the obtained carbonized soil into a plurality of parts of simulated wastewater with the lead, copper, zinc and cadmium concentrations of 10-200 mg/L and the volume of 100ml, wherein the adding amount is 2g/L, shaking is carried out for 6h, and the adsorption amount change trend of four heavy metals is shown in figure 1. With the increase of the initial heavy metal concentration, the heavy metal adsorption capacity is rapidly increased, wherein the lead adsorption capacity can reach more than 350 mg/g.
Example 2
The carbonized soil obtained in the example 1 is respectively added into a plurality of parts of simulated wastewater with lead, copper, zinc and cadmium concentrations of 100mg/L and a volume of 100ml, the adding amount is 2g/L, the vibration is carried out for 6h, and the heavy metal content is detected by sampling at intervals. FIG. 2 shows the adsorption rate of heavy metals in the carbonized soil obtained by the present invention, and as the reaction time increases, the adsorption rate of heavy metals is very fast in the initial stage, and the increase rate of the adsorption capacity is rapidly reduced, and the adsorption balance can be achieved within 2h.
Example 3
The carbonized soil obtained in the example 1 is added into simulated wastewater with aniline concentration of 100mg/L, the adding amount of the carbonized soil prepared by the method is 3g/L, the adding amount of sodium persulfate is 1-5 g/L, and the shaking reaction is carried out for 6h, and the result is shown in figure 3. When the adding amount of the sodium persulfate is more than 3g/L, the aniline removal rate reaches more than 99 percent. In the treatment of adding the sodium persulfate activated by the direct pyrolysis carbonized soil (RCS), the maximum removal rate of the aniline is only about 90% under the same condition, which shows that the treatment method adopted by the invention obviously improves the activation performance of the carbonized soil on the persulfate.
Example 4
The carbonized soil obtained in example 3 and the residue of the carbonized soil from the treatment reaction, in which the addition amounts of sodium persulfate were 3g/L, were returned to the aniline solution, and the other reaction conditions were the same as those in experiment 3 and were continuously recycled for 5 times, and the results are shown in FIG. 4. After 5 times of recycling, the aniline removal rate is still around 60%. The aniline removal rate of the derivative obtained by direct pyrolysis is reduced to about 45 percent after the derivative is recycled for 5 times under the same experimental conditions. Therefore, the recycling performance of the carbonized soil obtained by the method is better.
Example 5
The carbonized soil obtained in the example 1 is added into aniline solution with the concentration of 100mg/L, the adding amount of the carbonized soil is 2g/L, the adding amount of ozone is 5 mg/L.min, the mixture is stirred for 5-60 min, and tail gas is introduced into sodium sulfate solution to prevent the tail gas from escaping. The result is shown in figure 5, the carbonized soil (BRCS) obtained by the invention has a moderate catalytic effect on ozone, the aniline removal rate after 45min of reaction is close to 100%, and the aniline removal rate after 60min of reaction of single ozone treatment can reach about 90%. The removal rate of aniline from carbonized soil (RCS) obtained by direct pyrolysis without ball milling under the same reaction conditions is significantly lower than that of BRCS treatment.
Example 6
The carbonized soil residue collected after the reaction in application example 3 was recycled 5 times under the same experimental conditions as in example 5, and the results are shown in fig. 6. Along with the increase of the recycling times of BRCS, the effect of catalyzing the aniline degradation by ozone oxidation is in an enhancement trend, the speed is in an enhancement trend, and the aniline removal rate after 5 times of recycling is close to 100% when 30 min. The outer layer substance is gradually peeled off along with the increase of the recycling times, and the exposed inner layer substance has stronger ozone catalytic performance.
Example 7
Crushing natural pyrite powder to the particle size of less than 3mm, mixing the crushed natural pyrite powder with petroleum-polluted soil (PCS, the total petroleum hydrocarbon content is 156125 mg/kg) by ball milling, wherein the doping amount of the natural pyrite is 20 percent of the petroleum-polluted soil, the ball-material ratio is 40/1, the rotating speed is 500r/min, and the processing time is 1h. And (3) after the ball milling is finished, filling the mixture into a tube furnace, introducing nitrogen, heating to 500 ℃, keeping for 1h, naturally cooling and taking out after pyrolysis is finished to obtain carbonized soil (FeS @ CS) loaded with sulfur and iron, and taking the carbonized soil (RCS) directly pyrolyzed without adding natural pyrite as a reference.
FIGS. 7a and 7b show the TOC and TPH content of the leach liquors of RCS and FeS @ CS, respectively. The content of residual TPH after pyrolysis of PCS is greatly reduced, the content of residual TPH of RCS and FeS @ CS is 1911.75 mg/kg and 1706.73mg/kg respectively, and the removal rate is 98.78 percent and 98.91 percent respectively. The TOC content in PCS leach liquor (liquid-solid ratio 7.5/1, shaking for 12 hours) is 301.2mg/L, the TOC content in RCS and FeS @ CS leach liquor is respectively as low as 49.6 and 11.51mg/L, and the fact that FeS co-pyrolysis is added is indicated to be favorable for improving the pyrolysis effect, the water solubility of residual organic carbon in FeS @ CS is lower, the stability is higher, and the leaching risk is lower.
FIG. 8 shows the XRD patterns of RCS and FeS @ CS. The diffraction peaks and low intensity peaks of RCS at 2 θ =26.6 °, 43.2 ° indicate the presence of amorphous carbon where FeS @ cs decreases in peak diffraction peak value, probably due to the coverage of the RCS surface by Fe and FeS during pyrolysis. The XRD spectrum of FeS @ CS shows obvious change of diffraction peaks, the FeS diffraction peaks are newly added at 2 theta =18.56 degrees, 29.92 degrees, 33.7 degrees and 43.26 degrees, and the FeS diffraction peaks are newly added at 53.06 degrees and 56.94 degrees 2 Diffraction peaks, indicating FeS 2 Binding was successful on the RCS surface. Respectively adding Fe at 2 theta =35.38 degrees and 62.58 degrees 3 O 4 And Fe 2 O 3 Diffraction peaks, indicating that some oxidation and iron oxide formation occurred during the treatment. FeS and FeS 2 Can adsorb heavy metal, fe by reduction 3 O 4 And Fe 2 O 3 The surface complexing performance of the heavy metal is better.
FIG. 9 shows FTIR spectra for RCS and FeS @ CS. At 3730 and 3080cm -1 The peak width of-OH appears at 1640cm -1 A C = O peak appears. the-OH and C = O peaks of fes @ cs were both greater than RCS, indicating that co-milling with the addition of natural pyrite can enhance surface oxygen-containing groups. At 2850 and 2920cm -1 Two weak peaks exist at the position, which are respectively caused by symmetric and asymmetric C-H stretching vibration. RCS and FeS @ CS 1430m -1 C-O vibration of the carbon dioxide to CO 3 2- Radical induction, indicating surface CO after pyrolysis of PCS 3 2- In addition, heavy metals can be adsorbed by carbonate precipitation. At 1080cm -1 The absorption peak at (b) is S = S elongation, and heavy metals can be adsorbed by sulfide precipitation. 785cm -1 The band corresponds to the skeletal vibration of the aromatic structure and can act as a pi donor in heavy metal adsorption. FeS @ CS at 475 and 678cm, in contrast to RCS -1 The strength of the Fe-O peak is slightly enhanced, which shows that the content of iron oxide on the surface is higher, and the number of complexing sites for adsorption is more.
Example 8
FeS @ CS obtained in example 7 was added to 100ml volumes of simulated wastewater containing 10-200 mg/L of lead, copper, zinc and cadmium, respectively, at a concentration of 2g/L, and shaken for 6 hours. FIG. 10 shows the isothermal adsorption lines for FeS @ CS for heavy metals. The Langmuir model and the Freundlich model are adopted to fit the heavy metal adsorption performance of RCS and FeS @ CS, the Langmuir model has better fitting effect, the single-layer adsorption of heavy metal and active sites is shown, and the fitting result shows that FeS @ CS adsorbs Pb 2+ 、Cu 2+ 、Cd 2+ And Zn 2+ The maximum adsorption capacities of (A) were 415.39, 80.25, 30.90 and 61.55mg/g, respectively, in this order.
Example 9
FeS @ CS obtained in example 7 was added to simulated wastewater containing 100mg/L of lead, copper, zinc and cadmium, respectively, in an amount of 2g/L, and shaken for 6 hours, and the results are shown in FIG. 11.FeS @ CS vs. Me 2+ Due to the high concentration of heavy metal ions in the solution and the large number of active sites available for adsorption on the fes @ cs surface. Me with increasing contact time 2+ The amount of adsorbed and fixed substances is reduced, the adsorption capacity is slowly increased, and the adsorption balance is reached after about 60 min. Using a pseudo-first order kinetic model and a pseudo-second order kineticThe mechanical model simulates and analyzes adsorption kinetics, and the result shows that the simulated secondary kinetic model can better fit adsorption data and describe the adsorption process, which indicates that the chemical adsorption is the main adsorption mechanism of FeS @ CS for adsorbing heavy metals.
Claims (10)
1. A method for converting petroleum-polluted soil into a multifunctional water treatment material is characterized by comprising the following steps: the multifunctional water treatment material is prepared by carrying out high-energy ball milling treatment on petroleum-polluted soil or a mixture of the petroleum-polluted soil and natural pyrite, then placing the mixture in a pyrolysis furnace, introducing inert gas for pyrolysis, and cooling the mixture to room temperature after the reaction is finished.
2. The method for converting petroleum-contaminated soil into a multifunctional water treatment material according to claim 1, wherein: the doping amount of the natural pyrite is 5-30% of the quality of the petroleum-polluted soil.
3. The method for converting petroleum-contaminated soil into a multifunctional water treatment material as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the high-energy ball milling treatment is to adopt a planetary ball mill to perform mechanochemical treatment on the petroleum polluted soil or the petroleum polluted soil and natural pyrite doped mixture, wherein the grinding ball is made of zirconia or stainless steel, and the ball milling is performed for 2 to 10 seconds in an intermittent treatment mode, and is suspended for 2 to 10 seconds, and the processes are performed alternately.
4. The method for converting petroleum-contaminated soil into a multifunctional water treatment material according to claim 3, wherein: the mass ratio of the grinding balls to the petroleum-polluted soil or the petroleum-polluted soil and the natural pyrite doped mixture is 20-50/1, the rotating speed is 200-600 r/min, the treatment time of the petroleum-polluted soil is 0.5-4 h, and the treatment time of the petroleum-polluted soil and the natural pyrite doped mixture is 1-12 h.
5. The method for converting petroleum-contaminated soil into a multifunctional water treatment material as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the pyrolysis furnace is a muffle furnace, a tube furnace or a box furnace, inert gas is introduced, the temperature of the pyrolysis furnace is increased to 400-600 ℃, then petroleum-polluted soil or a mixture of the petroleum-polluted soil and natural pyrite after high-energy ball milling treatment is added, the pyrolysis time of the petroleum-polluted soil is 10-120 min, and the pyrolysis time of the mixture of the petroleum-polluted soil and the natural pyrite is 30-120 min.
6. Use of the multifunctional water treatment material obtained by the treatment according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: the multifunctional water treatment material has the functions of adsorbing heavy metals, activating persulfate for oxidation and catalyzing ozone for oxidation.
7. The use of the multifunctional water treatment material according to claim 6, wherein: the multifunctional water treatment material is used for adsorbing cationic heavy metals, the concentration of the heavy metals is 1-1000 mg/L, the adding amount of the carbonized soil is 0.5-5 g/L, and the material is vibrated or stirred for 0.5-6 h.
8. The use of the multifunctional water treatment material according to claim 7, wherein: the cationic heavy metal is lead, copper, zinc and cadmium.
9. The use of the multifunctional water treatment material according to claim 6, wherein: the multifunctional water treatment material is used for activating persulfate oxidation, persulfate is sodium persulfate, potassium persulfate, sodium persulfate or potassium hydrogen persulfate, a treatment object is organic wastewater, pollutants are mainly amines, anilines, phenols or esters, the concentration of the amines, the anilines, the phenols or the esters is 1-500 mg/L, the adding amount of carbonized soil is 0.5-3 g/L, the adding amount of the persulfate is 0.5-3 g/L, and the material is vibrated or stirred for 0.5-6 h.
10. The use of the multifunctional water treatment material according to claim 6, wherein: the multifunctional water treatment material is used for catalyzing ozone oxidation, the treatment object is organic wastewater, pollutants are mainly amines, anilines, phenols or esters, the concentration of the amines, the anilines, the phenols or the esters is 1-500 mg/L, the addition amount of carbonized soil is 0.5-3 g/L, an ozone generator is adopted to introduce ozone into the wastewater, the addition amount of the ozone is 0.1-10 mg/L.min, vibration or stirring is carried out for 5-60 min, and tail gas is introduced into a sodium sulfate solution to prevent the tail gas from escaping.
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