CN115671949A - Near-zero energy consumption direct air capture system driven by industrial waste heat - Google Patents
Near-zero energy consumption direct air capture system driven by industrial waste heat Download PDFInfo
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- CN115671949A CN115671949A CN202211298101.2A CN202211298101A CN115671949A CN 115671949 A CN115671949 A CN 115671949A CN 202211298101 A CN202211298101 A CN 202211298101A CN 115671949 A CN115671949 A CN 115671949A
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Abstract
The invention provides an industrial waste heat driven near-zero energy consumption direct air capture system which comprises a heat source, a first steam expander, a carbon dioxide adsorption/desorption unit and a fan. The heat source is used for supplying first steam, the first steam expander is used for driving the fan based on the first steam, the fan is used for conveying fluid containing carbon dioxide to the carbon dioxide adsorption/desorption unit, and the carbon dioxide adsorption/desorption unit is used for realizing adsorption and/or desorption of the carbon dioxide. Preferably, the first steam expander may provide thermal energy for carbon dioxide desorption of the carbon dioxide adsorption/desorption unit. The systems described herein may also include a second steam expander for compressing the captured carbon dioxide using the heat of the first steam. The energy required by the direct air capture system described herein may be provided by industrially prolific low pressure steam, thus allowing near zero energy operation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of carbon dioxide gas capture, in particular to a direct air capture system.
Background
Direct Air Capture (DAC) is an efficient negative emission technology that can capture distributed carbon emission sources. However, the average energy of the DAC technology requires about 80% of heat energy and the fan requires about 20% of electric energy in the adsorption process, which is large in energy consumption and high in cost, and cannot be commercialized in a large area. In the steel smelting, non-ferrous metal smelting, non-metal processing and petrochemical industries, a large amount of waste heat exists in the form of low-pressure steam and cannot be effectively utilized.
If air extraction and carbon dioxide purification can be achieved with these low pressure vapors, near zero energy consumption operation of the DAC system can be achieved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an industrial waste heat-driven near-zero energy consumption direct air capture system, which reduces the energy consumption of a DAC (digital-to-analog converter) system by conveying low-pressure steam provided by an external heat source to the DAC system to drive a steam expander to provide kinetic energy for a fan and a carbon dioxide compressor, and waste steam generated by the operation of the steam expander provides energy for a steam-water separator so that the steam-water separator does not need to provide electric energy additionally.
In order to realize the purpose of the invention, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the present application provides an industrial waste heat driven near zero energy consumption direct air capture system, characterized by comprising a heat source, a first steam expander, a carbon dioxide adsorption/desorption unit, and a fan. In this embodiment, the heat source is for supplying a first steam, the first steam expander is for driving the fan for conveying a carbon dioxide-containing fluid to the carbon dioxide adsorption/desorption unit based on the first steam;
the carbon dioxide adsorption/desorption unit is used for carrying out one or two of the following steps: step A: adsorbing carbon dioxide in the fluid flowing through the carbon dioxide adsorption/desorption unit to obtain first condensed water and the fluid subjected to carbon dioxide adsorption; and step B: desorbing the carbon dioxide adsorbed by the carbon dioxide adsorption/desorption unit to obtain carbon dioxide rich in water vapor.
In one embodiment of the first aspect, the industrial waste heat driven near zero energy consumption direct air capture system described herein further comprises a steam-water separator for separating the dead steam generated by the first steam expander into a second steam and a second condensed water, wherein the second steam is used for desorbing the carbon dioxide adsorbed by the carbon dioxide adsorption/desorption unit to obtain carbon dioxide enriched with water vapor.
In one embodiment of the first aspect, the industrial waste heat driven near zero energy consumption direct air capture system described herein further comprises a second steam expander, a carbon dioxide compressor, and optionally a carbon dioxide dehydration unit. In this embodiment, the second steam expander is configured to drive the carbon dioxide compressor based on the first steam, the carbon dioxide compressor is configured to compress carbon dioxide rich in water vapor from the carbon dioxide adsorption/desorption unit to obtain compressed carbon dioxide, and the carbon dioxide dehydration unit is configured to dehydrate the compressed carbon dioxide to obtain dehydrated carbon dioxide and fourth condensed water.
In one embodiment of the first aspect, the industrial waste heat driven near zero energy consumption direct air capture system described herein further comprises a steam-water separator for separating the dead steam generated by the second steam expander into third steam and third condensed water, wherein the third steam is used for desorbing the carbon dioxide adsorbed by the carbon dioxide adsorption/desorption unit to obtain carbon dioxide rich in water vapor.
In an embodiment of the first aspect, the steam-water separator is further configured to separate the exhaust steam generated by the first steam expander into a second steam and a second condensed water, wherein the second steam is used to desorb the carbon dioxide adsorbed by the carbon dioxide adsorption/desorption unit, so as to obtain carbon dioxide rich in steam.
In one embodiment of the first aspect, the fluid containing carbon dioxide is air, the first steam is low-pressure steam, and the pressure value of the first steam is 0.5MPaG or less.
In one embodiment of the first aspect, the carbon dioxide adsorption/desorption unit comprises an adsorbent for adsorbing carbon dioxide.
In one embodiment of the first aspect, the carbon dioxide adsorption/desorption unit comprises a reactor in which step a is carried out when a carbon dioxide-containing fluid is fed to the reactor and step B is carried out when steam is fed to the reactor.
In one embodiment of the first aspect, the carbon dioxide adsorption/desorption unit comprises at least a first reactor for carrying out step a and a second reactor for carrying out step B; wherein the first reactor includes an adsorbent for adsorbing carbon dioxide, and the adsorbent after adsorbing carbon dioxide in the first reactor can be transferred to the second reactor.
In one embodiment of the first aspect, the industrial waste heat driven near zero energy consumption direct air capture system comprises a heat source, a first steam expander, a carbon dioxide adsorption/desorption unit, a fan, and a steam-water separator. The heat source is used for supplying low-pressure steam; one end of the first steam expander is communicated with the heat source; the carbon dioxide adsorption/desorption unit comprises an adsorbent for adsorbing carbon dioxide in the air flowing through the carbon dioxide adsorption/desorption unit and discharging the air from which the carbon dioxide is removed; one end of the fan is communicated with the first steam expander, and the other end of the fan is communicated with the carbon dioxide adsorption/desorption unit and is used for sucking air and conveying the air to the carbon dioxide adsorption/desorption unit; one end of the steam-water separator is communicated with the first steam expander, the other end of the steam-water separator is communicated with the carbon dioxide adsorption/desorption unit, and the steam-water separator is used for separating steam from dead steam generated by the first steam expander and conveying the steam to the carbon dioxide adsorption/desorption unit so as to desorb carbon dioxide in the adsorbent and regenerate the adsorbent.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the industrial waste heat driven near-zero energy consumption direct air capture system further comprises: the system comprises a steam main pipe, a first steam expander inlet pipeline and a fan outlet pipeline, wherein the first steam expander is communicated with the heat source through the first steam expander inlet pipeline and the steam main pipe in sequence; the fan comprises an air inlet and is communicated with the carbon dioxide adsorption/desorption unit through the fan outlet pipeline so as to convey air sucked from the air inlet to the carbon dioxide adsorption/desorption unit under the action of the first steam expander.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the near zero energy consumption direct air capture system driven by industrial waste heat further comprises: the system comprises a first steam expander outlet pipeline, a steam-water separator inlet pipeline and a steam-water separator outlet pipeline, wherein the first steam expander is communicated with the steam-water separator through the first steam expander outlet pipeline and the steam-water separator inlet pipeline in sequence so as to convey the dead steam to the steam-water separator; the steam-water separator is communicated with the carbon dioxide adsorption/desorption unit through the steam-water separator outlet pipeline.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the carbon dioxide adsorption/desorption unit further includes an air outlet and a condensed water outlet to discharge the separated air and condensed water, respectively.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the near zero energy consumption direct air capture system driven by industrial waste heat further comprises: the system comprises a second steam expander, a carbon dioxide compressor and a carbon dioxide dehydration unit, wherein the second steam expander is communicated with the heat source, one end of the carbon dioxide compressor is connected with the second steam expander, and the other end of the carbon dioxide compressor is communicated with the carbon dioxide dehydration unit.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the industrial waste heat driven near-zero energy consumption direct air capture system further comprises: the system comprises a second steam expander inlet pipeline and a second steam expander outlet pipeline, wherein the second steam expander is communicated with the heat source through the second steam expander inlet pipeline and is communicated with the steam-water separator through the second steam expander outlet pipeline and the steam-water separator outlet pipeline in sequence, so that the dead steam generated by the second steam expander is conveyed to the steam-water separator.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the near zero energy consumption direct air capture system driven by industrial waste heat further comprises: a carbon dioxide compressor inlet pipeline, wherein the carbon dioxide adsorption/desorption unit is communicated with the carbon dioxide compressor through the carbon dioxide compressor inlet pipeline so as to pressurize the carbon dioxide containing water vapor input from the carbon dioxide adsorption/desorption unit under the action of the second steam expander.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the industrial waste heat driven near-zero energy consumption direct air capture system further comprises: a carbon dioxide compressor outlet pipeline, wherein the carbon dioxide compressor is communicated with the carbon dioxide dehydration unit through the carbon dioxide compressor outlet pipeline so as to convey the pressurized carbon dioxide to the carbon dioxide dehydration unit for dehydration.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the carbon dioxide dehydration unit comprises: a carbon dioxide gas outlet and a condensed water outlet, so as to respectively discharge the separated carbon dioxide and condensed water.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the low pressure steam of the heat source is derived from industrial waste heat, and the pressure value of the low pressure steam is less than or equal to 0.5MPaG.
One embodiment of the present invention has the following advantages or benefits:
the near-zero energy consumption direct air capture system driven by industrial waste heat comprises a heat source, a first steam expander, a carbon dioxide adsorption/desorption unit, a fan, a steam-water separator, a second steam expander, a carbon dioxide compressor and a carbon dioxide dehydration unit. The low pressure steam pressure value of the heat source is less than or equal to 0.5MPaG, and the low pressure steam pressure value is derived from a large amount of waste heat in steel smelting, non-ferrous metal smelting, non-metal processing and petrochemical industry. And low-pressure steam of the heat source is introduced into the first steam expander and the second steam expander, and is expanded and depressurized to generate mechanical energy so as to drive the fan and the carbon dioxide compressor to work. The blower fan directly sucks air, inputs the air into the carbon dioxide adsorption/desorption unit, adsorbs and stores carbon dioxide in the carbon dioxide adsorption/desorption unit by using the adsorbent therein, and discharges the air from which the carbon dioxide is removed. The exhaust steam generated by the first steam expander and the second steam expander is supplied to the steam-water separator, wherein the steam separated from the exhaust steam is delivered to the carbon dioxide adsorption/desorption unit to desorb carbon dioxide for the adsorbent, so that the adsorbent is regenerated. The carbon dioxide compressor can pressurize the carbon dioxide rich in water vapor and sent from the carbon dioxide adsorption/desorption unit and send the carbon dioxide to the carbon dioxide dehydration unit for dehydration to obtain high-purity carbon dioxide.
Drawings
The above and other features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent by describing in detail exemplary embodiments thereof with reference to the attached drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an industrial waste heat driven near zero energy consumption direct air capture system, according to an exemplary embodiment. In fig. 1, air is taken as an example of the fluid containing carbon dioxide.
Wherein the reference numerals are as follows:
1. a heat source; 11. a steam main pipe; 12. a first steam expander inlet conduit; 13. a fan outlet pipeline; 14. a first steam expander outlet conduit; 15. a steam-water separator inlet conduit; 16. a steam-water separator outlet pipe; 17. a second steam expander inlet conduit; 18. a second steam expander outlet conduit; 19. a carbon dioxide compressor inlet conduit; 20. a carbon dioxide compressor outlet conduit;
2. a first steam expander;
3. a carbon dioxide adsorption/desorption unit; 31. an air outlet; 32. a condensed water outlet;
4. a fan; 41. an air inlet;
5. a steam-water separator;
6. a second steam expander;
7. a carbon dioxide compressor;
8. a carbon dioxide dehydration unit; 81. a carbon dioxide gas outlet; 82. and a condensed water outlet.
Detailed Description
Example embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Example embodiments may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the concept of example embodiments to those skilled in the art. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote the same or similar structures, and thus their detailed description will be omitted.
The terms "a," "an," "the," "said" are used to indicate the presence of one or more elements/components/etc.; the terms "comprising" and "having" are intended to be inclusive and mean that there may be additional elements/components/etc. other than the listed elements/components/etc.
As shown in fig. 1, fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of an industrial waste heat driven near-zero energy consumption direct air capture system provided by the present invention.
The near-zero energy consumption direct air capture system driven by industrial waste heat comprises a heat source 1, a first steam expander 2, a carbon dioxide adsorption/desorption unit 3, a fan 4 and a steam-water separator 5. The heat source 1 is used to supply low pressure steam. One end of the first steam expander 2 is communicated with a heat source 1; the carbon dioxide adsorption/desorption unit 3 includes an adsorbent for adsorbing carbon dioxide in the air passing through the carbon dioxide adsorption/desorption unit 3 and discharging the air from which carbon dioxide is removed. One end of the fan 4 is communicated with the first steam expander 2, and the other end is communicated with the carbon dioxide adsorption/desorption unit 3, so that air is sucked and conveyed to the carbon dioxide adsorption/desorption unit 3. One end of the steam-water separator 5 is communicated with the first steam expander 2, and the other end of the steam-water separator is communicated with the carbon dioxide adsorption/desorption unit 3, so that the steam generated by the first steam expander 2 is separated to generate steam and the steam is conveyed to the carbon dioxide adsorption/desorption unit 3, and the carbon dioxide in the adsorbent is desorbed so as to regenerate the adsorbent.
Herein, the carbon dioxide adsorption/desorption unit 3 is used to perform one or both of the following steps: step A: adsorbing carbon dioxide in the fluid flowing through the carbon dioxide adsorption/desorption unit 3 to obtain first condensed water and the fluid adsorbed by the carbon dioxide; and step B: the carbon dioxide adsorbed by the carbon dioxide adsorption/desorption unit 3 is desorbed to obtain carbon dioxide rich in water vapor. In other words, the carbon dioxide adsorption/desorption unit 3 may perform only the carbon dioxide adsorption step, only the carbon dioxide desorption step, or both the carbon dioxide adsorption step and the carbon dioxide desorption step. When the carbon dioxide adsorption step is carried out, it may be realized by an adsorbent provided in the carbon dioxide adsorption/desorption unit 3.
In one embodiment, the carbon dioxide adsorption/desorption unit 3 may comprise only one reactor in which step a, i.e. adsorption of carbon dioxide, is performed when a carbon dioxide-containing fluid is fed to the reactor. Step B, i.e. desorption of carbon dioxide, is carried out in the reactor while steam is fed into the reactor. In another embodiment, the carbon dioxide adsorption/desorption unit 3 comprises at least two separate reactors. For example, the carbon dioxide adsorption/desorption unit 3 may include a first reactor for performing step a and a second reactor for performing step B. In this embodiment, the first reactor includes an adsorbent for adsorbing carbon dioxide, and the adsorbent after adsorbing carbon dioxide in the first reactor can be transferred to the second reactor. The second reactor may also be used for desorption of carbon dioxide adsorbed material from other sources. In this case, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the fan 4 may be in communication with the first reactor to deliver a carbon dioxide containing fluid, such as air, to the first reactor to produce condensed water and an adsorbed fluid after adsorption by the adsorbent in the first reactor. The steam-water separator 5 can be communicated with the second reactor, and the separated steam is conveyed to the second reactor to realize the regeneration of the adsorbent and obtain the carbon dioxide rich in steam. In a preferred embodiment, the carbon dioxide enriched in water vapour may be sent to a carbon dioxide compressor 7 for compression to obtain compressed carbon dioxide.
In this context, dead steam refers to the steam-water mixture discharged from the outlet of the steam expander. The heat source 1 is mainly derived from a large amount of waste heat in the form of low pressure steam in the steel smelting, non-ferrous metal smelting, non-metal processing and petrochemical industries. The first steam expander 2 and the following second steam expander 6 are of the same type of expander. The low-pressure steam from the heat source 1 flows into the first steam expander 2 and the subsequent second steam expander 6, respectively, and is expanded and depressurized therein to generate mechanical energy. The first steam expander 2 provides mechanical energy to the fan 4, which mechanical energy is used by the fan 4 to draw air from the surrounding environment and deliver it to the carbon dioxide adsorption/desorption unit 3. The carbon dioxide adsorption/desorption unit 3 contains an adsorbent capable of adsorbing and storing carbon dioxide in the air. The first steam expander 2, after depressurization, produces dead steam and feeds it to the steam-water separator 5. The steam-water separator 5 can separate steam in the exhaust steam and convey the steam to the carbon dioxide adsorption/desorption unit 3, and the carbon dioxide adsorbed in the adsorbent is desorbed to obtain carbon dioxide rich in steam and realize regeneration of the adsorbent.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the near-zero energy consumption direct air capture system driven by industrial waste heat further comprises a steam main 11, a first steam expander inlet pipe 12 and a fan outlet pipe 13, wherein the first steam expander 2 is communicated with the heat source 1 sequentially through the first steam expander inlet pipe 12 and the steam main 11; the blower 4 includes an air inlet 41 and communicates with the carbon dioxide adsorption/desorption unit 3 through a blower outlet line 13 to deliver air taken in from the air inlet 41 to the carbon dioxide adsorption/desorption unit 3 by the first steam expander 2.
As shown in fig. 1, a steam manifold 11 extends from the heat source 1. The steam main 11 branches into two branches, one of which is connected to the first steam expander inlet pipe 12. Preferably, the first steam expander inlet conduit 12 is provided with a valve for controlling its opening and closing. The fan 4 draws air directly from the air inlet 41.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the near-zero energy consumption direct air capture system driven by industrial waste heat further comprises a first steam expander outlet pipeline 14, a steam-water separator inlet pipeline 15 and a steam-water separator outlet pipeline 16, wherein the first steam expander 2 is communicated with the steam-water separator 5 through the first steam expander outlet pipeline 14 and the steam-water separator inlet pipeline 15 in sequence to deliver the dead steam to the steam-water separator 5; the steam-water separator 5 is communicated with the carbon dioxide adsorption/desorption unit 3 through a steam-water separator outlet pipeline 16.
As shown in fig. 1, the steam-water separator inlet conduit 15 includes two branches, one of which communicates with the first steam expander outlet conduit 14. The first steam expander 2 is used for expanding and depressurizing low-pressure steam input by the heat source 1 to generate exhaust steam, and then the exhaust steam is conveyed to the steam-water separator 5, and the steam-water separator 5 can be used for separating steam in the exhaust steam and conveying the steam to the carbon dioxide adsorption/desorption unit 3.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the carbon dioxide adsorption/desorption unit 3 further includes an air outlet 31 and a condensed water outlet 32 to discharge the separated air and condensed water, respectively.
As shown in fig. 1, the air after carbon dioxide adsorption is discharged outside from the air outlet 31. And the condensate generated in the middle flows out to the outside from the condensate outlet 32.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the industrial waste heat driven near-zero energy consumption direct air capture system further comprises a second steam expander 6, a carbon dioxide compressor 7 and a carbon dioxide dehydration unit 8, wherein the second steam expander 6 is communicated with the heat source 1; one end of the carbon dioxide compressor 7 is connected with the second steam expander 6, and the other end is communicated with the carbon dioxide dehydration unit 8.
As shown in fig. 1, the second steam expander 6 expands and decompresses the low-pressure steam input from the heat source 1 to generate mechanical energy to operate the carbon dioxide compressor 7. So that the carbon dioxide compressor 7 pressurizes the carbon dioxide rich in water vapor introduced thereto to the carbon dioxide dehydration unit 8.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the near-zero energy consumption direct air capture system driven by industrial waste heat further comprises a second steam expander inlet pipe 17 and a second steam expander outlet pipe 18, wherein the second steam expander 6 is communicated with the heat source 1 through the second steam expander inlet pipe 17, and is communicated with the steam-water separator 5 through the second steam expander outlet pipe 18 and the steam-water separator outlet pipe 16 in sequence, so as to convey the exhaust steam generated by the second steam expander 6 to the steam-water separator 5.
As shown in fig. 1, the second steam expander inlet conduit 17 communicates with the other branch of the steam header (11). Preferably, a valve body is provided on the second steam expander inlet pipe 17 for controlling the opening and closing thereof. The exhaust steam generated by the second steam expander 6 is also delivered to the steam-water separator 5 via the second steam expander outlet conduit 18.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the near zero energy consumption direct air capture system driven by industrial waste heat further comprises a carbon dioxide compressor inlet pipeline 19, wherein the carbon dioxide adsorption/desorption unit 3 is communicated with the carbon dioxide compressor 7 through the carbon dioxide compressor inlet pipeline 19 to pressurize the carbon dioxide containing water vapor input from the carbon dioxide adsorption/desorption unit 3 under the action of the second steam expander 6.
As shown in fig. 1, the carbon dioxide compressor 7 sucks carbon dioxide rich in steam in the carbon dioxide adsorption/desorption unit 3 therein through the carbon dioxide compressor inlet piping 19 and pressurizes it.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the near zero energy consumption direct air capture system driven by industrial waste heat further comprises a carbon dioxide compressor outlet pipe 20, wherein the carbon dioxide compressor 7 is communicated with the carbon dioxide dehydration unit 8 through the carbon dioxide compressor outlet pipe 20 to convey the pressurized carbon dioxide to the carbon dioxide dehydration unit 8 for dehydration. The carbon dioxide dehydration unit 8 includes a carbon dioxide gas outlet 81 and a condensed water outlet 82 to discharge the separated carbon dioxide and condensed water, respectively.
As shown in fig. 1, the carbon dioxide rich in steam is pressurized in the carbon dioxide compressor 7 and sent to the carbon dioxide dehydration unit 8 via the carbon dioxide compressor outlet line 20 for processing, and the resulting dehydrated high purity carbon dioxide is discharged from the carbon dioxide gas outlet 81.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the low pressure steam of the heat source 1 is derived from industrial waste heat, and the pressure value of the low pressure steam is less than or equal to 0.5MPaG.
The industrial waste heat driven near-zero energy consumption direct air capture system comprises a heat source 1, a first steam expander 2, a carbon dioxide adsorption/desorption unit 3, a fan 4, a steam-water separator 5, a second steam expander 6, a carbon dioxide compressor 7 and a carbon dioxide dehydration unit 8. The low-pressure steam pressure value of the heat source 1 is less than or equal to 0.5MPaG, and the low-pressure steam pressure value is derived from a large amount of waste heat in steel smelting, non-ferrous metal smelting, non-metal processing and petrochemical industry. The low-pressure steam of the heat source 1 is introduced into the first steam expander 2 and the second steam expander 6, and the low-pressure steam is expanded and depressurized to generate mechanical energy so as to drive the fan 4 and the carbon dioxide compressor 7 to work. The blower 4 directly sucks air, inputs the air into the carbon dioxide adsorption/desorption unit 3, adsorbs and stores carbon dioxide therein using an adsorbent therein, and discharges the air from which carbon dioxide is removed. The exhaust steam generated by the first and second steam expanders 2 and 6 is supplied to the steam separator 5, where the steam separated from the exhaust steam is sent to the carbon dioxide adsorption/desorption unit 3 to desorb carbon dioxide from the adsorbent so that the adsorbent is regenerated. The carbon dioxide compressor 7 can pressurize the carbon dioxide rich in water vapor sent from the carbon dioxide adsorption/desorption unit 3 and send the carbon dioxide to the carbon dioxide dehydration unit 8 to dehydrate the carbon dioxide to obtain high-purity carbon dioxide. The fan driving energy required by the industrial waste heat-driven near-zero energy consumption direct air capture system for capturing carbon dioxide, the carbon dioxide compressor driving energy required by carbon dioxide pressurization and the heat energy required by carbon dioxide desorption in the adsorbent are all provided by industrial high-yield low-pressure steam, so that the DAC system can realize near-zero energy consumption operation.
In embodiments of the present invention, the term "plurality" means two or more unless explicitly defined otherwise. The terms "mounted," "connected," "fixed," and the like are used broadly and should be construed to mean, for example, that "connected" may be a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection. Specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to specific situations.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the embodiments of the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred devices or units must have a specific direction, be configured in a specific orientation, and operate, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the embodiments of the present invention.
In the description herein, the appearances of the phrase "one embodiment," "a preferred embodiment," or the like, are intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the embodiments of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made to the present embodiment by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the embodiments of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An industrial waste heat-driven near-zero energy consumption direct air capture system is characterized by comprising a heat source (1), a first steam expander (2), a carbon dioxide adsorption/desorption unit (3) and a fan (4);
wherein the heat source (1) is adapted to supply a first steam, the first steam expander (2) is adapted to drive the fan (4) based on the first steam, the fan (4) is adapted to convey a carbon dioxide containing fluid to the carbon dioxide adsorption/desorption unit (3);
the carbon dioxide adsorption/desorption unit (3) is used for carrying out one or two of the following steps: step A: adsorbing carbon dioxide in the fluid flowing through the carbon dioxide adsorption/desorption unit (3) to obtain first condensed water and the fluid adsorbed by the carbon dioxide; and a step B: the carbon dioxide adsorbed by the carbon dioxide adsorption/desorption unit (3) is desorbed to obtain carbon dioxide rich in water vapor.
2. The industrial waste heat driven near zero energy consumption direct air capture system of claim 1, further comprising a steam-water separator (5), wherein the steam-water separator (5) is used for separating the dead steam generated by the first steam expander (2) into a second steam and a second condensed water, wherein the second steam is used for desorbing the carbon dioxide adsorbed by the carbon dioxide adsorption/desorption unit (3) to obtain carbon dioxide enriched with steam.
3. The industrial waste heat driven near zero energy consumption direct air capture system of claim 1, further comprising a second steam expander (6), a carbon dioxide compressor (7) and optionally a carbon dioxide dehydration unit (8), wherein the second steam expander (6) is configured to drive the carbon dioxide compressor (7) based on the first steam, the carbon dioxide compressor (7) is configured to compress the carbon dioxide rich in water vapor from the carbon dioxide adsorption/desorption unit (3) to obtain compressed carbon dioxide, and the carbon dioxide dehydration unit (8) is configured to dehydrate the compressed carbon dioxide to obtain dehydrated carbon dioxide and a fourth condensed water.
4. The industrial waste heat driven near zero energy consumption direct air capture system according to claim 3, further comprising a steam-water separator (5), wherein the steam-water separator (5) is further configured to separate the exhaust steam generated by the second steam expander (6) into a third steam and a third condensed water, wherein the third steam is configured to desorb the carbon dioxide adsorbed by the carbon dioxide adsorption/desorption unit (3) to obtain carbon dioxide rich in water vapor.
5. The industrial waste heat driven near zero energy consumption direct air capture system according to claim 4, characterized in that the steam-water separator (5) is further configured to separate the dead steam generated by the first steam expander (2) into a second steam and a second condensed water, wherein the second steam is configured to desorb the carbon dioxide adsorbed by the carbon dioxide adsorption/desorption unit (3) to obtain carbon dioxide enriched with water vapor.
6. The industrial waste heat driven near zero energy consumption direct air capture system of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the fluid containing carbon dioxide is air, the first steam is low pressure steam, and the pressure value of the first steam is 0.5MPaG or less.
7. The industrial waste heat driven near zero energy consumption direct air capture system according to any of claims 1-5, characterized in that the carbon dioxide adsorption/desorption unit (3) comprises an adsorbent for adsorbing carbon dioxide.
8. The industrial waste heat driven near zero energy consumption direct air capture system according to any of claims 1-5, characterized in that the carbon dioxide adsorption/desorption unit (3) comprises a reactor in which step A is carried out when a carbon dioxide containing fluid is fed to the reactor and in which step B is carried out when steam is fed to the reactor;
alternatively, the carbon dioxide adsorption/desorption unit (3) comprises at least a first reactor for carrying out step a and a second reactor for carrying out step B; wherein the first reactor includes an adsorbent for adsorbing carbon dioxide, and the adsorbent after adsorbing carbon dioxide in the first reactor is transferable to the second reactor.
9. The industrial waste heat driven near zero energy consumption direct air capture system of claim 2, further comprising a steam main (11), a first steam expander inlet pipe (12) and a fan outlet pipe (13), wherein the first steam expander (2) is communicated with the heat source (1) sequentially through the first steam expander inlet pipe (12) and the steam main (11);
the blower (4) comprises an air inlet (41) and is communicated with the carbon dioxide adsorption/desorption unit (3) through the blower outlet pipeline (13) so as to convey the air sucked from the air inlet (41) to the carbon dioxide adsorption/desorption unit (3) under the action of the first steam expander (2);
preferably, the industrial waste heat driven near-zero energy consumption direct air capture system further comprises: a first steam expander outlet conduit (14), a steam-water separator inlet conduit (15) and a steam-water separator outlet conduit (16), wherein,
the first steam expander (2) is communicated with the steam-water separator (5) through the first steam expander outlet pipeline (14) and the steam-water separator inlet pipeline (15) in sequence so as to convey the dead steam to the steam-water separator (5);
the steam-water separator (5) is communicated with the carbon dioxide adsorption/desorption unit (3) through a steam-water separator outlet pipeline (16);
preferably, the carbon dioxide adsorption/desorption unit (3) further comprises a gas outlet (31) and a condensed water outlet (32) to discharge the separated carbon dioxide-adsorbed fluid and the first condensed water, respectively.
10. The industrial waste heat driven near zero energy consumption direct air capture system of claim 4, further comprising a second steam expander inlet conduit (17) and a second steam expander outlet conduit (18), wherein the second steam expander (6) is in communication with the heat source (1) through the second steam expander inlet conduit (17) and in communication with the steam-water separator (5) through the second steam expander outlet conduit (18) and the steam-water separator outlet conduit (16) in sequence, to deliver the exhaust steam generated by the second steam expander (6) to the steam-water separator (5);
preferably, the industrial waste heat driven near zero energy consumption direct air capture system further comprises a carbon dioxide compressor inlet pipeline (19) and a carbon dioxide compressor outlet pipeline (20), wherein the carbon dioxide adsorption/desorption unit (3) is communicated with the carbon dioxide compressor (7) through the carbon dioxide compressor inlet pipeline (19) to pressurize the carbon dioxide containing water vapor input from the carbon dioxide adsorption/desorption unit (3) under the action of the second steam expander (6); wherein the carbon dioxide compressor (7) is communicated with the carbon dioxide dehydration unit (8) through the carbon dioxide compressor outlet pipeline (20) to convey the pressurized carbon dioxide to the carbon dioxide dehydration unit (8) for dehydration;
preferably, the carbon dioxide dehydration unit (8) further comprises a carbon dioxide gas outlet (81) and a condensed water outlet (82) to discharge the dehydrated carbon dioxide after separation and the fourth condensed water, respectively.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116889779A (en) * | 2023-07-26 | 2023-10-17 | 黑鲸能源发展有限责任公司 | Steam-assisted circulation type direct air carbon dioxide capturing system and method |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116889779A (en) * | 2023-07-26 | 2023-10-17 | 黑鲸能源发展有限责任公司 | Steam-assisted circulation type direct air carbon dioxide capturing system and method |
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