CN115671116A - Use of 25-hydroxylanosterol - Google Patents
Use of 25-hydroxylanosterol Download PDFInfo
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- CN115671116A CN115671116A CN202110871955.4A CN202110871955A CN115671116A CN 115671116 A CN115671116 A CN 115671116A CN 202110871955 A CN202110871955 A CN 202110871955A CN 115671116 A CN115671116 A CN 115671116A
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- hydroxylanosterol
- liver
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- cholesterol
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Abstract
The invention relates to a new application of 25-hydroxylanosterol, wherein the 25-hydroxylanosterol can reduce hepatic steatosis, hepatic injury, inflammation and fibrosis by acting on INSIG protein, and can be used for preparing a medicament and/or a therapeutic agent for preventing and treating fatty liver, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, liver cancer and atherosclerosis.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a new application of 25-hydroxylanosterol, in particular to an application of 25-hydroxylanosterol in preventing and/or treating non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and atherosclerosis.
Background
The global prevalence of obesity and related metabolic diseases is becoming a worldwide health problem due to overnutrition and sedentary lifestyles. Hyperlipidemia, characterized by elevated serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels, is a well-known risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is a range of liver diseases, ranging from benign fatty liver to malignant nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis is accompanied by liver injury, inflammation and fibrosis in addition to hepatic steatosis, and may further progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (Human fat liver disease: old queries and new infections. Science 332, 1519-1523 (2011)).
Abnormal triglycerides and cholesterol in the liver play an important role in the development and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. An excess of cholesterol and fatty acids in hepatocytes can cause endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to cell death, inflammation, and fibrosis, which are typical pathological features of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. The synthesis of cholesterol, triglycerides and fatty acids is collectively referred to as lipogenesis and is tightly regulated by the transcription factor Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Proteins (SREBPs). There are three forms of SREBP in mammals: SREBP-1a, SREBP-1c and SREBP-2. They regulate The expression of enzymes in The Cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis pathways, and these target genes contain Sterol Regulatory Elements (SREs) in their promoters (retroactive on Cholesterol Homeostasis: the Central roll of scap. Annu. Rev. Biochem.87, 783-807 (2018)).
The precursor SREBP is located in endoplasmic reticulum, and is combined with SCAP (SREBP cleavage-activating protein) after synthesis. When cells are devoid of cholesterol, the SCAP is recognized by the COPII complex and transports SREBP from the endoplasmic reticulum to the golgi apparatus in the form of budding vesicles. SREBP reaches the Golgi apparatus, is subsequently cleaved by site-1 protease (S1P) and site-2 protease (S2P), and finally releases a transcriptionally active nuclear form, which binds to SRE and activates target gene expression. When cholesterol accumulates in the endoplasmic reticulum, it binds to the SCAP and changes its conformation, resulting in binding of the SCAP-SREBP complex to INSIG (Insulin-induced gene), thereby blocking transport of the endoplasmic reticulum to the golgi apparatus and activation of SREBP. IINSIG is an endoplasmic reticulum-anchored protein that plays a central role by retaining the SCAP-SREBP complex in the endoplasmic reticulum, inhibiting SREBP processing. Two INSIG proteins are present in mammals: INSIG-1 and INSIG-2, have similar effects on the regulation of SREBP (Protein sensors for membrane reactors. Cell 124,35-46 (2006)).
Notably, previous studies have shown a significant increase in the neoadipogenesis rate and the expression levels of SREBP-2 and its target genes in patients with hepatic steatosis and NASH. Meanwhile, SREBP-2 and cholesterol synthesis levels in NASH patients are significantly higher than those in patients with simple steatosis. Similar phenomena of increased adipogenesis and SREBP-1c activation were observed in the NAFLD mouse model. In addition, recent studies have shown that aberrant activation of SREBP induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress promotes adipogenesis and NASH. In contrast, genetic knockout of hepatic SCAP can significantly reduce lipid levels in the liver and blood. Inhibition of adipogenesis by inhibition of The SREBP pathway may therefore be an effective strategy for The treatment of hepatic steatosis and NASH (Recent observations on The Role of Cholesterol in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, biochim. Biophys. Acta1852, 1765-1778 (2015); the Role of Cholesterol in The Pathogenesis of NASH. Trends Endocrinol. Metab.27, 84-95 (2016)). .
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis is considered to be a manifestation of metabolic diseases in the liver, and the pathogenesis of the metabolic diseases is still poorly understood, but abnormally increased cholesterol and fatty acids in cells can cause endoplasmic reticulum pressure and mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to cell death, inflammation and fibrosis, which are key drivers of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. The present inventors have largely assumed that inhibition of the SREBP pathway by acting on INSIG to inhibit lipid synthesis may be an effective strategy for the treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and atherosclerosis. There is currently no approved therapeutic drug for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify new targets and develop effective therapeutic methods for the prevention and treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a new application of 25-hydroxylanosterol. The inventors found that 25-hydroxylanosterol showed potent activity in ameliorating nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and atherosclerosis.
According to one aspect of the invention, the use of 25-hydroxylanosterol or a derivative thereof for the preparation of a medicament and/or therapeutic agent for inhibiting lipid synthesis by acting on INSIG to inhibit the SREBP pathway, for:
treating and/or preventing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,
the treatment and/or prevention of atherosclerotic disorders,
treating and/or preventing hyperlipemia, obesity or cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
According to the invention, the 25-hydroxylanosterol can be used as a pharmaceutical and/or therapeutic agent for: reducing steatosis and alveolar degeneration associated with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, reducing lipid droplet content causing parenchymal hepatic cell deformation, reducing cholesterol crystallization in liver, reducing hepatic injury marker molecules, inflammation marker molecules and fibrosis marker molecules associated with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, and reducing Kupffer macrophage aggregation in liver.
According to the invention, the non-alcoholic steatohepatitis-associated liver injury marker molecule is selected from the group consisting of glutamic-alanine aminotransferase ALT and glutamic-oxaloacetic aminotransferase AST; the inflammation marker molecules are selected from TNF alpha, il-6, mcp-1 and Mpo, and the fibrosis marker molecules are selected from Col1 alpha 1, alpha SMA and TGF beta; the Kupffer macrophage marker molecule is F4/80.
According to the invention, the 25-hydroxylanosterol can be used as a medicament and/or therapeutic agent for: reducing the formation of atherosclerotic plaques.
According to the invention, the 25-hydroxylanosterol can be used as a medicament and/or therapeutic agent for: inhibiting proliferation of hepatocarcinoma cell.
According to the invention, the 25-hydroxylanosterol is used as a medicament and/or therapeutic agent for the treatment and/or prevention of the following diseases: fatty liver (simple fatty liver), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, hepatocarcinoma, hyperlipidemia, obesity, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease and cerebrovascular disease.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a therapeutic agent which contains a 25-hydroxylanosterol derivative as an INSIG-acting protein and is useful for the prevention or treatment of at least one disease selected from the group consisting of fatty liver (simple fatty liver), nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, liver cancer, hyperlipidemia, obesity, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
According to the invention, the therapeutic agent is particularly useful for the prevention and or treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, liver cancer and atherosclerosis.
According to the invention, the 25-hydroxylanosterol or the derivative thereof realizes the improvement of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, liver cancer and atherosclerosis by directly combining INSIG protein.
A third aspect of the invention provides a method of treating a disease comprising administering to a subject a drug or therapeutic agent comprising 25-hydroxylanosterol or a derivative thereof, and the drug and/or therapeutic agent is for: reducing steatosis and alveolar degeneration associated with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, reducing lipid droplet content causing parenchymal hepatic cell deformation, reducing cholesterol crystallization in the liver, reducing hepatic injury marker molecules, inflammation marker molecules and fibrosis marker molecules associated with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, and reducing Kupffer macrophage aggregation in the liver; or for preventing or treating at least one disease selected from fatty liver, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, hepatocarcinoma, hyperlipidemia, obesity, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
Another object of the present invention is to provide the use of 25-hydroxylanosterol in combination with statins for enhancing the hypolipidemic effect of statins.
According to the invention, the lanosterol derivative can be used for enhancing the blood fat reduction effect of statins by degrading HMGCR protein.
According to a third aspect of the invention there is provided the use of 25-hydroxylanosterol or a derivative thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for the reduction of weight. Wherein the 25-hydroxylanosterol achieves weight loss by activating the Ucp1 gene, promoting thermogenesis and energy consumption.
The invention provides a new application of 25-hydroxylanosterol, which acts on INSIG protein and degrades HMGCR protein and can reduce the formation of atherosclerotic plaques; reducing steatosis and alveolar degeneration associated with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, reducing the content of lipid droplets causing deformation of parenchymal liver cells, reducing cholesterol crystallization in the liver, reducing hepatic injury marker molecules, inflammation marker molecules and fibrosis marker molecules associated with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, and reducing the aggregation of Kupffer macrophages in the liver; promoting thermogenesis and energy consumption; inhibiting proliferation of hepatocarcinoma cell. Can be used for treating various metabolic diseases such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and atherosclerosis, and has important significance for drug development of metabolic diseases.
Drawings
FIG. 1.25-Hydroxylanosterol (25-HL) preventive action on non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: reducing lipid level in serum and liver, and relieving liver injury and inflammation.
a-h.8 week old male Ldlr -/- Mice were fed AMLN diet and, 26 weeks after concurrent gavage, were analyzed for the non-alcoholic steatohepatitis phenotype (n = 5-6/group). Obeticholic acid (OCA) was used as a control.
a. Left panel: chemical structure of 25-hydroxylanosterol (25-HL). Right panel: 25-Hydroxylanosterol reduces the total cholesterol content in serum.
25-Hydroxylanosterol reduces the content of triglycerides in serum.
c.25-Hydroxylanosterol reduces the level of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase in serum.
25-Hydroxylanosterol reduces the level of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase in serum.
25-Hydroxylanosterol reduces the level of the inflammatory cytokine IL6 in serum.
25-Hydroxylanosterol reduces the level of the inflammatory factor TNF α in serum.
g.25-Hydroxylanosterol reduces the total cholesterol content in the liver.
h.25-Hydroxylanosterol reduces the triglyceride content in the liver.
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. P values were calculated using one-way ANOVA analysis of variance, P <0.05, P <0.01, P <0.001, ns: not significant.
FIG. 2.25-Hydroxylanosterol (25-HL) preventive action on non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: reduce liver steatosis, inflammation, fibrosis and cholesterol crystallization.
a-e.8 week old male Ldlr -/- Mice were fed AMLN diet and, 26 weeks after concurrent gavage, were analyzed for the non-alcoholic steatohepatitis phenotype (n = 5-6/group). Obeticholic acid (OCA) was used as a control.
a. HE staining of liver sections showed that 25-hydroxylanosterol reduced steatosis and inflammatory infiltration of the liver. Asterisks indicate large vesicular lipid droplets; arrows indicate swelling degeneration of hepatocytes; the blue dashed line indicates inflammatory infiltration. Lipid droplet area was quantified by ImageJ software, and each dot represents a representative field of view from each mouse (5-6 mice/group).
b. Oil red O staining of liver sections showed that 25-hydroxylanosterol reduced lipid droplets in the liver.
c. Sirius red staining of liver sections showed that 25-hydroxylanosterol reduced fibrosis in the liver.
d. F4/80 immunostaining of liver sections showed: 25-Hydroxylanosterol reduces macrophages in the liver: aggregation of Kupffer cells. Marking cell nuclei by DAPI staining; arrows indicate that the aggregated Kupffer cells form a crown-like structure.
d. F4/80 immunostaining and polarized imaging of liver sections indicated that cholesterol crystals showed: 25-hydroxylanosterol reduces the aggregation of Kupffer cells and the formation of cholesterol crystals in the liver. Top left corner diagram: an enlarged area. Scale: 100 μm (a-e).
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. P values were calculated using one-way ANOVA analysis of variance, P <0.05, P <0.01, P <0.001, ns: not significant.
FIG. 3.25-prevention of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis by Hydroxylanosterol: reducing the protein level of TAZ in the liver, reducing the expression of lipid synthesis, inflammation and fibrosis genes in the liver.
a-d.8 week old male Ldlr -/- Mice were fed with AMLN diet while simultaneouslyThe phenotype of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis was analyzed 26 weeks after gavage (n = 5-6/group). Obeticholic acid (OCA) was used as a control.
Expression of 25-Hydroxylanosterol cholesterol lowering synthetic genes (Hmgcs, hmgcr and Sqs).
25-Hydroxylanosterol reduces the expression of the fatty acid synthesis genes (Acc 1, fasn and Scd 1).
25-Hydroxylanosterol reduces the expression of inflammatory genes (F4/80, mcp-1 and Tnf α).
25-Hydroxylanosterol reduces the expression of the fibrosis genes (Col 1a1, α SMA and Tgf β).
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. P values were calculated using one-way ANOVA analysis of variance, P <0.05, P <0.01, P <0.001, ns: not significant.
FIG. 4.25-prevention of atherosclerosis by Hydroxylanosterol.
8 week old male Ldlr -/- Mice were fed AMLN diet and analyzed for atherosclerotic phenotype 26 weeks after concurrent gavage (n = 5-6/group). Obeticholic acid (OCA) was used as a control.
a. Sudan Red IV staining showed that 25-hydroxylanosterol reduced the formation of atherosclerotic plaques.
b. Quantitative analysis of atherosclerotic plaques in panel a.
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. P values were calculated using one-way ANOVA analysis of variance, P <0.05, P <0.01, P <0.001, ns: not significant.
FIG. 5.25 therapeutic effect of hydroxylanosterol on non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: reducing lipid level in serum and liver, and relieving liver injury and inflammation.
a. Therapeutic protocol flow charts. 8 week old male Ldlr -/- Mice were given AMLN diet for 20 weeks, inducing NASH and development of atherosclerosis. Gavage was then given for 14 weeks with an AMLN diet (n =5 mice/group). Obeticholic acid (OCA) was used as a control.
25-Hydroxylanosterol reduces the total cholesterol content in serum.
c.25-Hydroxylanosterol reduces the content of triglycerides in serum.
25-Hydroxylanosterol reduces the level of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase in serum.
25-Hydroxylanosterol reduces the level of glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase in serum.
25-Hydroxylanosterol reduces chemokine IL6 levels in serum.
g.25-Hydroxylanosterol reduces the level of TNF alpha, an inflammatory factor in serum
h.25-Hydroxylanosterol reduces the total cholesterol content in the liver.
25-Hydroxylanosterol reduces the triglyceride content in the liver.
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. P values were calculated using one-way ANOVA analysis of variance, P <0.05, P <0.01, P <0.001, ns: not significant.
FIG. 6.25 therapeutic effects of hydroxylanosterol on non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: reduce liver steatosis, inflammation, fibrosis and cholesterol crystallization.
a-e.8 week old male Ldlr -/- Mice were given AMLN diet for 20 weeks, inducing NASH and the development of atherosclerosis. Gavage was then given for 14 weeks with an AMLN diet (n =5 mice/group). Obeticholic acid (OCA) was used as a control.
a. HE staining of liver sections showed that 25-hydroxylanosterol reduced steatosis and inflammatory infiltration of the liver. Asterisks indicate large vesicular lipid droplets; arrows indicate swelling degeneration of hepatocytes; the blue dashed line indicates inflammatory infiltration. Lipid droplet area was quantified by ImageJ software, and each dot represents a representative field of view from each mouse (5 mice/group).
b. Oil red O staining of liver sections showed that 25-hydroxylanosterol reduced lipid droplets in the liver.
c. Sirius red staining of liver sections showed that 25-hydroxylanosterol reduced fibrosis in the liver.
d. Liver sections F4/80 immunostaining showed: 25-hydroxylanosterol reduces the aggregation of Kupffer cells in the liver. DAPI staining marks the nucleus; arrows indicate that the aggregated Kupffer cells form a crown-like structure.
e. F4/80 immunostaining and polarized imaging of liver sections indicated that cholesterol crystals showed: 25-Hydroxylanosterol reduces the aggregation of Kupffer cells and the formation of cholesterol crystals in the liver. Top left corner diagram: an enlarged area. A scale: 100 μm (a-e).
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. P values were calculated using one-way ANOVA analysis of variance, P <0.05, P <0.01, P <0.001, ns: not significant.
FIG. 7.25 therapeutic effect of hydroxylanosterol on non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: reducing the level of TAZ protein in the liver, reducing the expression of lipid synthesis, inflammation and fibrosis genes in the liver.
a-d.8 week old male Ldlr -/- Mice were given AMLN diet for 20 weeks, inducing NASH and development of atherosclerosis. Gavage was then given for 14 weeks with an AMLN diet (n =5 mice/group). Obeticholic acid (OCA) was used as a control.
Expression of 25-hydroxylanosterol cholesterol-lowering synthetic genes (Hmgcs, hmgcr and Sqs).
25-Hydroxylanosterol reduces the expression of the fatty acid synthesis genes (Acc 1, fasn and Scd 1).
25-Hydroxylanosterol reduces the expression of inflammatory genes (F4/80, mcp-1 and Tnf α).
25-Hydroxylanosterol reduces the expression of the fibrosis genes (Col 1a1, α SMA and Tgf β).
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. P values were calculated using one-way ANOVA analysis of variance, P <0.05, P <0.01, P <0.001, ns: not significant.
FIG. 8.25-preventive effect of hydroxylanosterol on atherosclerosis.
8 week old male Ldlr -/- Mice were given AMLN diet for 20 weeks, inducing NASH and the development of atherosclerosis. Gavage was then given for 14 weeks with an AMLN diet (n =5 mice/group). Obeticholic acid (OCA) was used as a control.
a. Sudan red IV staining showed that 25-hydroxylanosterol reduced the formation of atherosclerotic plaques.
b. Quantitative analysis of atherosclerotic plaques in panel a.
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. P values were calculated using one-way ANOVA analysis of variance, P <0.05, P <0.01, P <0.001, ns: not significant.
Figure 9.25-Hydroxylanosterol promotes energy expenditure and thermogenesis.
8 week old male Ldlr -/- Mice were fed with AMLN diet and 8 weeks after gastric gavage, mice were placed in metabolic cages for measurement of metabolic parameters. After 1 week, body temperature was measured. Obeticholic acid (OCA) was used as a control.
a. Continuous monitoring of oxygen consumption (VO) in mice in metabolic cages 2 ). Average oxygen consumption was quantified at night and day.
b. Carbon dioxide production (VCO) 2 ) Continuous monitoring and quantification of.
c. Respiratory exchange rate (RER, VCO) 2 /VO 2 ) Continuous monitoring and quantification of.
d. Continuous monitoring and quantification of Energy Expenditure (EE). Energy consumption according to equation EE = (3.815 x VO) 2 )+(1.232x VCO 2 ) Recording and quantification are performed.
e. The infrared thermography shows the body surface temperature of the mice at 22 degrees.
f. Trend in rectal core body temperature after 4 degrees cold exposure in mice. Statistical analysis two-way ANOVA analysis of variance was used, P <0.05.
g. Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR was used to detect the expression level of Ucp1 mRNA in white adipose tissue of mouse groin.
h. Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR was used to detect the expression level of Ucp1 mRNA in brown adipose tissue. Gapdhz is used as an internal reference.
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. P values (a-d, g-h) were analyzed using One-way ANOVA with One-way variance, P <0.05, P <0.01, P <0.001, ns: not significant.
FIG. 10.25-hydroxylanosterol specifically binds INSIG.
a.chemical structure of 25-hydroxylanosterol probe (25-HL-probe) and a flow chart of the probe for fishing out the binding target protein.
The SREBP inhibitory activity of the 25-hydroxylanosterol probe.
The 25-hydroxylanosterol probe specifically binds to the INSIG-1 protein.
A25-hydroxylanosterol probe specifically binds to the INSIG-2 protein.
FIG. 11.25-Hydroxylanosterol abolishes lovastatin-induced accumulation of HMGCR protein.
25-Hydroxylanosterol degrades lovastatin-induced HMGCR protein in cells. CHO-K1 cells were incubated with 25-hydroxylanosterol or Lovastatin (Lovastatin) in sterol-deficient medium, and after 16 hours, the cells were collected for Western blot analysis. The relative levels of HMGCR protein were quantified using Image Pro Plus6 software.
b-f.8 week old male C57BL/6J mice were divided into 4 groups and administered by gavage: lovastatin (Lova, 60 mg/kg), lovastatin (60 mg/kg) in combination with 25-HL (20 mg/kg or 60 mg/kg) 1 time daily for 2 weeks (n = 5).
25-Hydroxylanosterol abolishes lovastatin-induced HMGCR accumulation in the liver.
The combination of 25-hydroxylanosterol and lovastatin lowers the total cholesterol level in serum.
The combination of 25-hydroxylanosterol and lovastatin reduces triglyceride levels in serum.
A combination of 25-hydroxylanosterol and lovastatin reduces total cholesterol levels in the liver.
Combination of 25-hydroxylanosterol and lovastatin reduced triglyceride levels in the liver.
Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (n = 5). Statistical analysis One-Way ANOVA analysis of variance was used P <0.05, P <0.01, P <0.001, ns: not significant.
FIG. 12.25-Hydroxylanosterol inhibition of proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines
a. Crystal violet staining shows that 25-hydroxylanosterol inhibits the proliferative growth of human hepatocellular carcinoma Huh-7 cells under lipid Deficient (DPS) conditions.
b. Crystal violet staining showed that 25-hydroxylanosterol, under lipid Deficient (DPS) conditions, inhibited the proliferative growth of human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells.
c. Cell viability assays showed that 25-hydroxylanosterol inhibits proliferation of human hepatocellular carcinoma Huh-7 cells under lipid Deficient (DPS) conditions.
d. Cell viability tests showed that 25-hydroxylanosterol, under lipid Deficient (DPS) conditions, inhibited proliferation of human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below by way of a description of preferred embodiments, which are intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. The experimental procedures used in the following examples are all conventional procedures unless otherwise specified. Materials, reagents and the like used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
The chemical structure of the compound 25-hydroxylanosterol is shown in the following formula (I), and lanosterol derivatives comprise compounds described in patent application CN201711224892.3, and the preparation method of the compound is referred to in the application.
The control drug, obeticholic acid (OCA, trade name: ocaliva, CAS registry No. 459789-99-2), was greater than 98% pure (HPLC).
The therapeutic agent of the present invention may be a drug or a preparation, or may be a therapy such as a gene therapy, or may be a substance other than the above drugs, which is useful for improving a disease condition, such as a food, a health product, an additive, and the like.
Example 1 prevention of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis by 25-Hydroxylanosterol
For modeling and preventive administration experiments of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and atherosclerosis mice, male Ldlr of 8 weeks old was purchased -/- Mice (T001464, jiangsu Jiejiaokang Biotech GmbH) were fed with AMLN diet containing 20% fat (80% of which is trans-fat), 22% fructose and 2% cholesterol(AMLN, dyets). Mice were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 5-6/group) as follows: vehicle control group (Veh), 10mg/kg obeticholic acid, 30mg/kg obeticholic acid, 10mg/kg 25-hydroxylanosterol, 30mg/kg 25-hydroxylanosterol, were gavaged once a day for 26 weeks, and blood and liver of mice were collected for analysis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis phenotypes, obeticholic acid (OCA) was used as a control, and obeticholic acid was reported to be an FXR agonist and improved non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and atherosclerosis in mouse models through multiple effects on lipid metabolism, inflammation and fibrosis.
The typical pathological features of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis are: liver steatosis, hepatocellular injury, inflammatory infiltration and fibrosis. We first examined the total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in blood. Measurement of total cholesterol and triglyceride in blood. After the mice were sacrificed, blood was collected, left at room temperature for 1 hour to coagulate blood, and centrifuged at 4 ℃ at 1500g for 10 minutes, and the supernatant was used for the subsequent measurement of metabolic parameters. The total cholesterol and triglyceride contents in blood were determined by using corresponding kits according to the manufacturer's instructions (Shanghai Kowa bioengineering, ltd.). As shown in FIGS. 1 (a) and 1 (b), 25-hydroxylanosterol significantly reduced serum total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in a dose-dependent manner, and at 30mg/kg the reduced levels were even lower than obeticholic acid. The 25-hydroxylanosterol has good effect of reducing blood fat. Fig. 1 was analyzed using a statistical conventional One way ANOVA test, where denotes p <0.05, p <0.01, p <0.001, ns denotes no statistical difference.
The contents of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase in mouse serum are determined by adopting a glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase kit of Xisenmeikang medical electronics (Shanghai) Co., ltd according to the manufacturer's instructions. As shown in FIGS. 1 (c) and 1 (d), 25-hydroxylanosterol significantly reduced serum levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, both of which are markers of liver damage, indicating that 25-hydroxylanosterol reduced liver damage. And at a dose of 30mg/kg, 25-hydroxylanosterol was reduced to a slightly lesser extent than obeticholic acid.
The levels of the inflammatory factors IL6 and TNF α protein in the mouse sera were determined quantitatively by ELISA kits (R & DSystems) according to the manufacturer's instructions. As shown in fig. 1 (e) and 1 (f), 25-hydroxylanosterol significantly reduced the levels of the inflammatory factors IL6 and TNF α in serum, indicating that 25-hydroxylanosterol reduced inflammation. And at a dose of 30mg/kg, the degree of reduction of 25-hydroxylanosterol is slightly lower than that of obeticholic acid.
Determination of total cholesterol and triglycerides in mouse liver: approximately 50mg of liver was taken and the weight was recorded and added to a 2ml tissue disruption tube containing 1.2ml chloroform/methanol (2. After the disruption and the cracking, uniformly mixing the mixture by a shaking table for 1 hour, then centrifuging the mixture at 13200rpm for 10 minutes at room temperature, sucking 1ml of supernatant, transferring the supernatant into a new 1.5ml centrifuge tube, adding 400 mu l of double distilled water, shaking and uniformly mixing the mixture, standing the mixture at room temperature for 10 minutes, and then centrifuging the mixture at 13200rpm for 10 minutes. The upper aqueous phase was removed, 500. Mu.l of the lower organic phase were aspirated into a new 1.5ml centrifuge tube, blown dry with nitrogen, dissolved in 200. Mu.l of alcohol, and the total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were determined in the same manner as above. As shown in fig. 1 (g) and 1 (h), 25-hydroxylanosterol significantly reduced the levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides in the liver in a dose-dependent manner, with a 30mg/kg dose reduction that was lower than obeticholic acid. Indicating that 25-hydroxylanosterol significantly reduced lipid accumulation in the liver.
Histopathological feature detection and analysis of liver of mouse non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining analysis of paraffin sections of liver, after paraffin embedding, cut into 7 micron pieces with a paraffin slicer (RM 2235, lyca, germany), dewaxed and rehydrated, and stained with hematoxylin-eosin staining kit (6765001, 6766010, thermo Scientific). Images were taken with an Olympus VS120 slide microscope and quantified with ImageJ. Ldlr -/- After the mice were fed with AMLN diet containing high fat, high sugar and high cholesterol for 26 weeks, the liver contained a large number of large vesicular lipid droplets, vesicular denatured hepatocytes, and aggregated inflammatory cells as shown by hematoxylin-eosin staining in FIG. 2 (a), which was consistent with the pathological characteristics of clinical nonalcoholic steatohepatitis patients. Dose-dependent significant reduction of 25-hydroxylanosterolThe pathological characteristics of alcoholic steatohepatitis, and the 25-hydroxylanosterol (30 mg/kg) is obviously superior to obeticholic acid (30 mg/kg) in reducing lipid formation.
Liver oil Red O staining analysis frozen samples of liver were first cut to a thickness of 7 μm each with a cryomicrotome (Leica, germany, CM 3050S) and stained with oil Red O (O0625, sigma). Images were taken with an Olympus VS120 slide microscope and quantified with ImageJ. As shown in fig. 2 (b), lipid droplet-specific oil red O staining indicates that 25-hydroxylanosterol reduces lipid droplet formation and lipid droplet size in the liver, and that 25-hydroxylanosterol exhibits a more potent effect than obeticholic acid.
Liver Sirius Red (Sirius Red) collagen staining analysis, paraffin sections of livers were dewaxed and rehydrated and stained with a Sirius Red staining kit (ab 150681, abcam) according to the manufacturer's instructions. As shown in fig. 2 (c), sirius red specifically recognizes collagen, and in the control mice, collagen fibers are mainly deposited around the bullous lipid droplets. These collagen fibers were significantly reduced by 25-hydroxylanosterol, indicating that 25-hydroxylanosterol significantly reduced liver fibrosis.
Liver Kupffer cell marker F4/80 immunofluorescent staining assay, frozen sections of liver were stained with primary anti-F4/80 rat monoclonal antibody (14-4801-85, invitrogen,1 100), alexa Fluor 488-conjugated goat anti-rat IgG secondary antibody (a-11006, invitrogen,1, 500), DAPI (Sigma) specifically stained nuclei. After staining the sections, they were photographed using a rotary confocal microscope (Nikon CSU-W1-SORA) and quantified using ImageJ software. F4/80 is a surface marker for Kupffer cells, a specific macrophage in the liver, as shown in FIG. 2 (d), and in vehicle control mice, specific staining for F4/80 shows that Kupffer cells clump together and form a crown-like structure around the bullous lipid droplet (indicated by arrows). The 25-hydroxylanosterol obviously reduces the crown-shaped structure formed by Kupffer cells, which shows that the 25-hydroxylanosterol can reduce the inflammatory infiltration of the liver.
Polarized light imaging of cholesterol crystals in liver, cryo-section F4/80 and DAPI staining were followed by photographing with a rotating disk confocal microscope (Nikon CSU-W1-SORA) equipped with a polarizing filter and quantification with Image software. As shown in fig. 2 (e), in vehicle-controlled mice, kupffer cells formed a large number of cholesterol crystals within the crown-like structure. In contrast to simple steatosis, the crown-like structure formed by these cholesterol crystals and Kupffer cells is the hallmark feature of NASH, with macrophages being attracted by the cholesterol crystals and attempting to clear these residual lipid droplets, similar to the phenomenon described in atherosclerosis. More importantly, 25-hydroxylanosterol significantly reduced the crown structure and the number of cholesterol crystals and was dose dependent. And 25-hydroxylanosterol is more capable of reducing the formation of cholesterol crystals than obeticholic acid.
Detection of the level of lipid synthesis gene expression in the liver. 40mg of liver was taken, added to 1ml of TRIzol (Sigma, T9424), disrupted by homogenizer, and then used for mRNA extraction, reverse transcription to synthesize cDNA, and fluorescence real-time quantitative PCR. As shown in FIGS. 3 (a) and 3 (b), 25-hydroxylanosterol dose-dependently reduced the expression of cholesterol synthesis (Hmgcs, hgmcr and Sqs) and fatty acid synthesis (Acc 1, fasn and Scd 1) genes, whereas 25-hydroxylanosterol exerted greater activity than obeticholic acid.
Detection of inflammatory and fibrotic gene expression levels in the liver. As shown in FIGS. 3 (c) and 3 (d), 25-hydroxylanosterol reduces the expression of the genes for inflammatory markers and cytokines (F4/80, mcp-1 and Tnf α) and fibrosis markers (Col 1a1, α SMA and Tgf β). In summary, these data in FIGS. 1-3 indicate that 25-hydroxylanosterol reduces hepatic steatosis, cholesterol crystallization, hepatocellular injury, inflammatory infiltration, and fibrosis, indicating that 25-hydroxylanosterol has the effect of preventing non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
TABLE 1 information of primers used in the fluorescent quantitative PCR in this example
Example 2, prevention of atherosclerosis by 25-Hydroxylanosterol
Ldlr fed by AMLN -/- Mice are also a common model of atherosclerosis, so we can study both non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and atherosclerosis. 8 week old male Ldlr -/- Mice were fed with AMLN diet while gavage for 1 time daily for 26 weeks. After sacrifice, aortas were isolated and fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde. The perivascular adipose tissue was removed under a prompting microscope, stained with sudan red IV, and rinsed with 70% ethanol. The aortic tree was imaged with a stereomicroscope (Axio Zoom V16, zeiss, germany). Quantitative analysis of atherosclerotic lesion plaques was performed with ImageJ software. As shown in fig. 4 (a) and 4 (b), sudan IV lipid-specific staining of the aorta shows that 25-hydroxylanosterol significantly reduces the formation and number of atherosclerotic plaques in a dose-dependent manner compared to control mice. The degree of reduction of 25-hydroxylanosterol is slightly superior to obeticholic acid. Therefore, the results show that 25-hydroxylanosterol has a preventive effect on the formation of atherosclerosis in a mouse model and is slightly superior to obeticholic acid.
Examples 3, 25-Hydroxylanosterol has therapeutic effects on non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
The treatment experimental protocol is shown in fig. 5 (a): 8 week old male Ldlr -/- Mice were fed with AMLN diet for 20 weeks to induce the development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Gavage was then given for 14 weeks with an AMLN diet (n =5 mice/group). After dosing, mice were sacrificed and blood and liver tissue were harvested for subsequent analysis. Obeticholic acid (OCA) was used as a control.
Determination of total cholesterol and triglycerides in blood the method described in example 1 was followed. Blood was collected after sacrifice, left at room temperature for 1 hour to coagulate blood, centrifuged at 4 ℃ at 1500g for 10 minutes, and the supernatant was used for the subsequent measurement of metabolic parameters. The total cholesterol and triglyceride contents in blood were measured by using corresponding kits according to the manufacturer's instructions (Shanghai Kowa bioengineering, ltd.). As shown in fig. 5 (b) and 5 (c), 25-hydroxylanosterol significantly reduced the total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in serum, and to a lesser extent than obeticholic acid. Fig. 5 was analyzed using a statistical conventional One way ANOVA test, where denotes p <0.05, p <0.01, p <0.001, ns denotes no statistical difference.
The contents of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase in mouse serum are measured by using glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase kits of Hissemcang medical electronics (Shanghai) Co., ltd. According to the manufacturer's instructions. As shown in fig. 5 (d) and 5 (e), 25-hydroxylanosterol significantly reduced the levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in serum, indicating that 25-hydroxylanosterol reduced liver damage and that 25-hydroxylanosterol was reduced to a slightly lesser extent than obeticholic acid.
The levels of the inflammatory factors IL6 and TNF α protein in the mouse sera were determined quantitatively by ELISA kits (R & DSystems) according to the manufacturer's instructions. As shown in fig. 5 (f) and 5 (g), 25-hydroxylanosterol significantly reduced the levels of the inflammatory factors IL6 and TNF α in serum, indicating that 25-hydroxylanosterol reduced inflammation to a slightly lesser extent than obeticholic acid.
Determination of total cholesterol and triglycerides in mouse liver was performed according to the method in example 1. As shown in fig. 5 (h) and 5 (i), 25-hydroxylanosterol significantly reduced the levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides in the liver, and at a lower level than obeticholic acid. Indicating that 25-hydroxylanosterol significantly reduced lipid accumulation in the liver.
Histopathological characterization of liver in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis was performed according to the method of example 1. The control mice contained large numbers of large vesicular lipid droplets, vesicular denatured hepatocytes, and aggregated inflammatory cells in the liver as shown by the hematoxylin-eosin staining results shown in fig. 6 (a). The 25-hydroxylanosterol can obviously reduce the pathological characteristics of the non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, and the 25-hydroxylanosterol is superior to obeticholic acid.
Liver lipid droplet-specific oil red O staining analysis, 25-hydroxylanosterol reduced lipid droplet formation and lipid droplet size in the liver as shown in fig. 6 (b), and 25-hydroxylanosterol showed a more potent effect than obeticholic acid.
Collagen-specific Sirius Red (Sirius Red) staining analysis, as shown in fig. 6 (c), 25-hydroxylanosterol significantly reduced collagen fiber formation, indicating that 25-hydroxylanosterol significantly reduced liver fibrosis.
The liver Kupffer cell marker F4/80 was analyzed by immunofluorescence staining, as shown in FIG. 6 (d), and Kupffer cells aggregated to form a crown-like structure in control mice (indicated by arrows). The crown-like structure is significantly reduced by 25-hydroxylanosterol, indicating that 25-hydroxylanosterol reduces inflammatory infiltration of the liver.
In the control mice, as shown in FIG. 6 (e), the crown-like structure formed by Kupffer cells contained a large number of cholesterol crystals inside. 25-hydroxylanosterol significantly reduces the crown structure and the number of cholesterol crystals, and 25-hydroxylanosterol is more able to reduce the formation of cholesterol crystals than obeticholic acid.
Detection and analysis of the expression level of lipid synthesis genes in liver. As shown in fig. 7 (a) and 7 (b), the 25-hydroxylanosterol dose significantly reduced the expression of cholesterol synthesis (Hmgcs, hgmcr, and Sqs) and fatty acid synthesis (Acc 1, fan, and Scd 1) genes, and 25-hydroxylanosterol exerted stronger activity than obeticholic acid.
Assay of inflammatory and fibrotic gene expression levels in the liver. As shown in FIGS. 7 (c) and 3 (d), 25-hydroxylanosterol reduced the expression of inflammatory factors (F4/80, mcp-1 and Tnf α) and fibrosis marker (Col 1a1, α SMA and Tgf β) genes. Taken together, these data in FIGS. 5-7 indicate that 25-hydroxylanosterol reduces hepatic steatosis, cholesterol crystallization, hepatocellular injury, inflammatory infiltration, and fibrosis, suggesting that 25-hydroxylanosterol has efficacy in treating non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
EXAMPLE 4 therapeutic Effect of 25-Hydroxylanosterol on atherosclerosis
The experimental procedure for the treatment of atherosclerosis is shown in fig. 5 (a): 8 week old male Ldlr -/- Mice were fed with AMLN diet for 20 weeks to induce the development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Gavage was then given for 14 weeks with an AMLN diet (n =5 mice/group). After the administration, the patient is sacrificedMice, aortas were collected for subsequent analysis. Obeticholic acid (OCA) was used as a control.
Atherosclerotic plaque sudan red IV staining analysis of aorta was performed as in example 2. As shown in fig. 8 (a) and 8 (b), sudan IV lipid staining indicated that 25-hydroxylanosterol significantly reduced the formation and number of atherosclerotic plaques compared to control mice, and to a slightly greater extent than obeticholic acid. Therefore, the above results indicate that 25-hydroxylanosterol has a therapeutic effect on the development of atherosclerosis in mouse models and is slightly superior to obeticholic acid.
Example 5, 25-Hydroxylanosterol promotes energy expenditure and thermogenesis.
8 week old male Ldlr -/- After the mice were fed with AMLN feed and administered for 8 weeks by gavage, at which time there was no significant difference in weight between the groups, the mice were placed in a metabolic cage (integrated laboratory animal monitoring system, columbus Instruments) to measure metabolic parameters in conjunction with testing for 3 days. After 1 week, body temperature was measured. Obeticholic acid (OCA) was used as a control.
Metabolism cage monitoring mouse oxygen consumption (VO) 2 ) As shown in FIG. 9 (a), 25-hydroxylanosterol increased oxygen consumption compared to control mice, and was somewhat higher than obeticholic acid.
Metabolism cage monitoring of carbon dioxide production in mice (VCO) 2 ) As shown in FIG. 9 (b), 25-hydroxylanosterol increases carbon dioxide production and is higher than obeticholic acid.
Metabolic cage monitoring of respiratory exchange rates (RER, VCO) in mice 2 /VO 2 ) As shown in FIG. 9 (c), 25-hydroxylanosterol increases the respiratory exchange rate and is higher than obeticholic acid. The enhanced RER in 25-hydroxylanosterol treated mice indicates that carbohydrates are primarily utilized as a source of energy production rather than lipids.
Metabolic cage monitoring mice Energy Expenditure (EE) according to the equation EE = (3.815 x VO) 2 )+(1.232x VCO 2 ) The measurement is performed. As shown in FIG. 9 (d), 25-hydroxylanosterol promotes energy expenditure and is higher than obeticholic acid.
The body surface temperature of the mouse is measured by infrared thermography, the mouse is placed in a 22-degree incubator, and the infrared thermography is collected by a FLIR ThermaCam SC1000 thermal imaging instrument. As shown in fig. 5 (e), 25-hydroxylanosterol increased the body surface temperature of mice in a dose-dependent manner compared to control mice, and was higher than obeticholic acid, reflecting an increase in energy expenditure in mice.
Detection of rectal core temperature of mice after cold stimulus exposure, mice were placed in a 4 ℃ incubator and rectal temperature of mice was detected every 1 hour for a total of 5 hours, with rectal core temperature measured using a BAT-12 type probe thermometer (physiotemp). As shown in FIG. 9 (f), the mice after 25-hydroxylanosterol administration had higher body temperature and a slower decrease in body temperature than the control mice, and were higher than obeticholic acid.
The expression level of the thermogenic gene Ucp1 in white adipose tissue of the groin of the mouse is detected, as shown in fig. 9 (g), compared with the control group of mice, 25-hydroxylanosterol promotes the expression of the thermogenic gene Ucp1 and is higher than obeticholic acid, which indicates that the 25-hydroxylanosterol can promote thermogenesis by activating the expression of the thermogenic gene Ucp 1.
The expression level of the thermogenic gene Ucp1 in the brown adipose tissue of the mouse is detected, as shown in FIG. 9 (h), compared with the control group of mice, 25-hydroxylanosterol promotes the expression of the thermogenic gene Ucp1 and is higher than obeticholic acid, which indicates that the 25-hydroxylanosterol can promote thermogenesis by activating the expression of the thermogenic gene Ucp 1.
TABLE 2
Example 6, 25-hydroxylanosterol binds specifically to INSIG protein.
To determine the direct target of 25-hydroxylanosterol, a photoaffinity probe for 25-hydroxylanosterol was designed and synthesized as shown in FIG. 10 (a). The 25-hydroxylanosterol probe contains a photoactive diazinyl group, can be crosslinked with a binding protein thereof after being irradiated by ultraviolet light, and an alkynyl group at the tail end of the probe can be coupled with the azido biotin through a click chemistry reaction.
Determination of SREBP Signal inhibition by 25-Hydroxylanosterol ProbeActivity of the pathway. The Huh 7/SRE Luc cell line stably transfects and expresses 2 reporter genes in Huh 7 cells of a human hepatoma cell line: a firefly luciferase driven by a promoter containing a binding site for the SREBP protein, and the green fluorescent protein EGFP, which is expressed persistently as an internal control. Huh 7/SRE Luc cells were treated with different concentrations of 25-hydroxylanosterol probe in cholesterol deficient medium (containing 10% lipoprotein-depleted serum, 1. Mu.M lovastatin, 10. Mu.M mevalonate) for 16 hours, after which the cells were lysed and the fluorescence emission of luciferase and the fluorescence intensity of green fluorescent protein EGFP were measured using an EnVsion plate reader (PerkinElmer). The relative value of SREBP signal activity is determined by dividing the ratio of the fluorescence value of luciferase to the fluorescence intensity value of EGFP. As shown in FIG. 10 (b), the half-effective Inhibitory Concentration (IC) of the 25-hydroxylanosterol probe for SREBP inhibition 50 ) At 1.12. Mu.M, similar to its parent 25-HL activity.
Detecting the specific binding of the 25-hydroxylanosterol probe to the INSIG-1 protein. According to the experimental flow shown in fig. 10 (a), the experimental method is briefly described as follows: CHO-K1 cells were transfected with INSIG-1 expressing plasmid, cells were harvested and buffer A (10 mM HEPES/KOH, pH 7.6,1.5mM MgCl) 2 10mM KCl, 5mM EDTA, 5mM EGTA, and 250mM sucrose). The membrane fraction was dissolved in 0.1% FOS-choline-13 (F310, anarrace) and bound to the 25-hydroxylanosterol probe for 2 hours. For competition experiments, unlabeled 25-hydroxylanosterol or 25-hydroxycholesterol was incubated for 2 hours before addition of the probe. After bonding, the glass was irradiated with UV 365nm for 30 minutes on ice using MRL-58 ultraviolet lamp (Analytik jena), followed by chloroform/methanol/H 2 O (1. Protein precipitation was sonicated in 0.25% SDS/PBS, followed by coupling of the biotin label to the probe by click chemistry, and the following reagents were added in order to a final concentration of 100. Mu.M biotin-N 3 (Sigma-Aldrich，762024)、1mM BTTAA、1mM CuSO 4 And 2.5mM sodium ascorbate at 25 ℃ for 2 hours. Removal of excess biotin N by chloroform/methanol precipitation 3 The precipitated protein was resuspended in 0.4% SDS/PBS. Avidin Neutravidin beads (29204, thermo Fisher Scientific) were then incubated for 5 hours, with 80. Mu.l of 2 Xloading buffer,the supernatant was eluted by boiling at 95 ℃ and subjected to SDS-PAGE and Western blotting for detection.
As shown in FIG. 10 (c), the 25-hydroxylanosterol probe pulled the INISG-1 protein in a concentration-dependent manner, and excess unlabeled 25-hydroxylanosterol or 25-hydroxycholesterol could compete with the probe for binding to INSIG-1, indicating that the 25-hydroxylanosterol probe specifically binds to INSIG-1 protein.
The same approach was used to detect binding of the 25-hydroxylanosterol probe to the INSIG-2 protein, as shown in FIG. 10 (d), and similarly, the 25-hydroxylanosterol probe pulls down INSIG-2 in a concentration-dependent manner, and this binding is also blocked by excess unlabeled 25-hydroxylanosterol or 25-hydroxycholesterol, indicating that the 25-hydroxylanosterol probe specifically binds to the INSIG-2 protein.
Example 7, 25-Hydroxylanosterol abolishes lovastatin-induced accumulation of HMGCR protein.
The results in example 6 show that 25-hydroxylanosterol acts on the INSIG protein, which, in addition to inhibiting the SREBP pathway, also mediates ubiquitination degradation of the HMGCR protein. HMGCR is a key rate-limiting enzyme in a cholesterol synthesis pathway and is also an inhibitor of a clinically widely used lipid-lowering statin drug. Statins, on the one hand, inhibit HMGCR enzymatic activity but also cause a compensatory increase in HMGCR protein, thereby reducing statin efficacy.
Detecting HMGCR protein induced by lovastatin degradation induced by 25-hydroxylanosterol in cells. CHO-K1 cells were incubated with 25-hydroxylanosterol or Lovastatin (Lovastatin) in sterol-deficient medium, and after 16 hours, the cells were harvested for Western blot analysis. The relative levels of HMGCR protein were quantified using Image Pro Plus6 software. As shown in fig. 11 (a), the HMGCR protein increased 16.1 fold after lovastatin treatment, and 25-hydroxylanosterol significantly reduced the level of HMGCR protein in a concentration gradient dependent manner.
Detecting HMGCR protein induced by lovastatin degradation by 25-hydroxylanosterol in mouse liver. Male C57BL/6J mice (purchased from beijing wilkinsoniwa laboratory animal technology ltd) at 8 weeks of age were randomly divided into 4 groups, and were individually administered by gavage: lovastatin (Lova, 60 mg/kg), lovastatin (60 mg/kg) in combination with 25-HL (20 mg/kg or 60 mg/kg) was administered 1 time daily for 2 weeks. After the administration, the mice were sacrificed and about 50mg of liver was taken, and membrane fraction was extracted for immunoblot analysis. As shown in FIG. 11 (b), following lovastatin administration, the HMGCR protein in the liver increased 23.3-fold, whereas 20mg/kg of 25-hydroxylanosterol reduced lovastatin-induced accumulation of HMGCR protein by 78% and 60mg/kg of 25-hydroxylanosterol reduced HMGCR protein by 90%. Indicating that 25-hydroxylanosterol abolishes lovastatin-induced HMGCR accumulation in the liver.
The detection of total cholesterol and triglyceride in blood and liver was carried out according to the method in example 1. As shown in FIGS. 11 (c) and 11 (d), the combination of 25-hydroxylanosterol and lovastatin reduced total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in serum. As shown in FIGS. 11 (c) and 11 (d), the combination of 25-hydroxylanosterol and lovastatin reduced total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the liver. The results show that the 25-hydroxylanosterol can be used together with statins to further enhance the blood fat reducing effect of statins.
EXAMPLE 8 Effect of 25-Hydroxylanosterol in inhibiting proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines
The proliferation detection of the 25-hydroxylanosterol for inhibiting the human hepatoma cell lines Huh-7 and HepG2 is carried out, huh-7 and HepG2 cells are inoculated in a 6-well plate, under the two conditions of normal Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) and lipid-deficient serum (DPS), 25-hydroxylanosterol with various concentrations is added, the culture medium is changed every 3 days, after 7 days of treatment, cell paraformaldehyde is fixed, crystal violet staining is carried out, and a prompting microscope is used for photographing. Under lipid-deficient serum conditions, cellular lipids are derived from self-synthesis. As shown in FIGS. 12 (a) and 12 (b), 25-hydroxylanosterol inhibited the proliferation of Huh-7 and HepG2 cells in the absence of serum lipid. Thus, the 25-hydroxylanosterol can inhibit the proliferation of liver cancer cells.
Detecting the inhibition and proliferation effect of 25-hydroxylanosterol on human liver cancer cell lines Huh-7 and HepG2 by cell viability, inoculating cells into a 96-well plate, adding 25-hydroxylanosterol with various concentrations under the two conditions of normal Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) and lipid-deficient serum (DPS), changing the culture medium once every 3 days, and treating for 7 days. Adding 100ul cell viability detection reagent (CellTiter-Lumi) TM Luminesent Cell Viability Assay Kit, picnic sky), lysed by shaking at room temperature for 10 minutes, and the fluorescence intensity was measured using a microplate reader. As shown in FIG. 12 (c) and FIG. 12 (d), the cell viability assay results showed that 25-hydroxylanosterol inhibits the proliferation of human hepatocellular carcinoma Huh-7 and HepG2 cells in serum-deficient lipid conditions, with half-effective inhibitory concentrations of 0.57. Mu.M and 0.66. Mu.M, respectively, indicating that 25-hydroxylanosterol can inhibit the proliferation of hepatoma cells.
The above detailed description of the present invention does not limit the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention, which shall fall within the scope of the present invention defined by the appended claims.
SEQUENCE LISTING
<110> Wuhan university
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Claims (9)
- Use of 25-hydroxylanosterol or a derivative thereof for the preparation of a medicament and/or therapeutic agent for inhibiting lipid synthesis by acting on the insulin inducible gene (INSIG) to inhibit the transcription factor Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein (SREBP) pathway, for:treating and/or preventing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,the treatment and/or prevention of atherosclerotic disorders,treating and/or preventing hyperlipemia, obesity or cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
- 2. The use of claim 1, wherein the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is selected from fatty liver, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, and liver cancer.
- 3. The use of claim 1, wherein the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with alterations in the following hepatic injury marker molecules: glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase, inflammation marker molecules selected from TNF alpha, il-6 and Mcp-1, fibrosis marker molecules selected from Col1 alpha 1, alpha SMA and TGF beta and Kupffer macrophage marker molecule F4/80.
- 4. The use according to claim 2, wherein the medicament and/or therapeutic agent is for: reducing liver steatosis and alveolar degeneration associated with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, reducing cholesterol crystallization in the liver, reducing liver injury, reducing inflammatory cell infiltration, reducing Kupffer macrophage aggregation and/or reducing fibrosis.
- 5.25-hydroxylanosterol and statins in the preparation of hypolipidemic drugs.
- 6. Use according to claim 5, wherein the statin is selected from the group consisting of lovastatin, atorvastatin, rosuvastatin, simvastatin, pravastatin, fluvastatin and pitavastatin.
- 7. The use according to claim 6, wherein the statin is lovastatin.
- 8.25-Hydroxylanosterol or its derivatives for use in the preparation of a medicament for the reduction of weight.
- 9. The use of claim 8, wherein the 25-hydroxylanosterol promotes thermogenesis and energy expenditure by activating the Ucp1 gene.
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