CN115669675A - Fruit quality control preservative and using method thereof - Google Patents
Fruit quality control preservative and using method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115669675A CN115669675A CN202211189106.1A CN202211189106A CN115669675A CN 115669675 A CN115669675 A CN 115669675A CN 202211189106 A CN202211189106 A CN 202211189106A CN 115669675 A CN115669675 A CN 115669675A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 16
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 64
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Abstract
The invention provides a fruit quality control preservative and a using method thereof, belonging to the technical field of agricultural product production and preservation. The fruit quality regulation and control preservative comprises a quality regulation and control agent 1, a quality regulation and control agent 2 and a preservative 3; the quality regulator 1 comprises imidacloprid, carvacrol, prohexadione calcium and diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate; the quality regulator 2 comprises food-grade potassium pyrosulfate, matrine, prohexadione calcium and peppermint essential oil; the preservative 3 comprises 1-methylcyclopropene and acetylsalicylic acid. The two quality control agents are combined with the preservative and are used successively, so that good quality control and preservation effects are achieved, the hardness and the dry matter content of fruits are improved, the disease incidence of diseases and insect pests is reduced, the storage time of the fruits is prolonged, and the blueberry and honey plum preservative are particularly suitable for being used for blueberries and honey plums.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural product production and preservation, particularly relates to a fruit quality control preservative and a using method thereof, and particularly relates to a fruit quality control preservative and application thereof in blueberries and honey Li Chongzhi.
Background
Blueberry and honey plum are top-quality fruits loved by consumers, and because the temperature is high in growing and harvesting seasons, and rainwater is much, the fruits are easily damaged by rot fungi (gray mold, alternaria, penicillium and the like) and fruit flies, so that the eating quality and the storage period are reduced.
Reduce the incidence of plant diseases and insect pests and improve the fruit quality, and is an important way for improving the storage and transportation life and commodity value of the picked fruits. However, the traditional preservation process adopts preservation measures after picking, and the production efficiency is low.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a fruit quality control preservative and a use method thereof, wherein the preservative is applied before fruit harvesting, improves the fruit quality, enhances the preservation effect, and is particularly suitable for being applied in the planting process of blueberries and honey plums.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a fruit quality control antistaling agent comprises a quality control agent 1, a quality control agent 2 and an antistaling agent 3; the quality regulator 1 comprises imidacloprid, carvacrol, prohexadione calcium and diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate; the quality regulator 2 comprises food-grade potassium pyrosulfate, matrine, prohexadione calcium and peppermint essential oil; the preservative 3 comprises 1-methylcyclopropene and acetylsalicylic acid.
Preferably, the quality control agent 1 comprises 3000-4000 times of 3% imidacloprid aqueous solution, 2000-3000 times of 5% carvacrol aqueous solution, 3000-4000 times of 10% prohexadione calcium suspending agent aqueous solution and 5000-6000 times of 10% diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate soluble granules aqueous solution.
Preferably, the quality regulator 2 comprises 1500-2000 times of water solution of food-grade potassium pyrosulfate, 3000-3500 times of water solution of 0.3% matrine, 5000-6000 times of water solution of 10% prohexadione calcium suspending agent and 1500-2500 times of peppermint essential oil.
More preferably, the peppermint essential oil contains 50-60% L-menthol.
Preferably, the preservative 3 comprises 1.0% 1-methylcyclopropene 500-1500 times aqueous solution and 0.05% -0.1% acetylsalicylic acid.
The invention also provides the application of the fruit quality control preservative in fruit quality control and harvest preservation.
Preferably, the fruit comprises blueberry, prune.
More preferably, spraying a quality control agent 1 7-15 days after the flowers are planted in the blueberries; spraying the quality control agent 1 35-45 days after the flowers bloom; spraying a quality control agent 2 55-65 days after the flowers bloom; spraying preservative 3 in 2h before picking.
More preferably, when the honey plum is planted, the quality control agent 1 is sprayed 10-25d after the flowers are planted; spraying a quality control agent 1 60-75 days after the flowers bloom; spraying a quality control agent 2 at 95-110 days after the flowers bloom; spraying preservative 3 in 2h before picking.
More preferably, the spraying amount is that fruits and leaves are wet but no liquid drops are dripped.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a fruit quality control preservative which has the functions of fruit quality control and preservation and comprises a quality control agent 1, a quality control agent 2 and a preservative 3. The quality regulator 1 and the quality regulator 2 are jointly applied, so that the effects of improving the dry matter and hardness of fruits and reducing plant diseases and insect pests are achieved; the preservative 3 has the effects of inhibiting fruit respiration and delaying senescence. The two quality control agents are combined with the preservative and used successively, so that good quality control and preservation effects are achieved, the storage time of fruits is prolonged, and the blueberry and honey plum preservative are particularly suitable for blueberries and honey plums.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a fruit quality control preservative, which comprises a quality control agent 1, a quality control agent 2 and a preservative 3; the quality regulator 1 comprises imidacloprid, carvacrol, prohexadione calcium and diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate; the quality regulator 2 comprises food-grade potassium pyrosulfate, matrine, prohexadione calcium and peppermint essential oil; the preservative 3 comprises 1-methylcyclopropene and acetylsalicylic acid.
Wherein:
imidacloprid is a nicotine ultra-high-efficiency pesticide, has the characteristics of broad spectrum, high efficiency, low toxicity, low residue, difficult generation of resistance by pests, safety to people, livestock, plants and natural enemies and the like, and has multiple effects of contact poisoning, stomach toxicity, systemic absorption and the like. After the pests contact the pesticide, normal conduction of central nerves is blocked, so that the pests die in paralysis. The product has good quick action, has higher control effect 1 day after being applied, and has a residual period of about 25 days.
Carvacrol is an aromatic phenol monoterpene compound, is an isomer of thymol, and is commonly present in volatile oils of many aromatic plants, such as oregano and passion fruit. It is widely used in daily life, and is common perfume, food additive, insect repellent, sanitary bactericide and antioxidant. The carvacrol has the characteristics of small molecule, high fat solubility, easy cell membrane passing, low dose, no toxicity to human bodies, good clinical tolerance and the like. Meanwhile, due to the existence of phenolic hydroxyl, carvacrol shows certain hydrophilicity, and the structural characteristics enable the carvacrol to show various biological activities such as antibiosis, antioxidation, anti-inflammation and the like.
Prohexadione calcium is a calcium salt of cyclohexanecarboxylic acid, and the prohexadione actually acts. When the prohexadione-calcium is sprayed on plants, the prohexadione-calcium can be quickly absorbed by leaf cells of crops, and the part of the plants for synthesizing gibberellin is in the leaves and can directly act on a target, so that the prohexadione-calcium has the characteristic of high activity. Meanwhile, the half-life period of the prohexadione calcium is very short, the half-life period is not more than 24 hours in soil containing abundant microorganisms, and the final metabolite of the prohexadione calcium is carbon dioxide and water, so the prohexadione calcium is a green product with low toxicity and no residue.
Diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate was a high-energy plant growth regulator with broad-spectrum and breakthrough effect discovered by american scientists in the 90 s. The diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate has the characteristics of no toxicity, safety and convenient use, can improve the activities of plant peroxidase and nitrate reductase, improve the content of chlorophyll to accelerate the photosynthetic speed, promote the division and the extension of plant cells, promote the development of root systems and regulate the balance of nutrients in vivo.
Potassium pyrosulfate (food grade), food additive, bleaching agent, antiseptic, antioxidant, color fixative, and stabilizer. Can be used for fresh fruits and vegetables, meat and wine.
Matrine pesticide used in agriculture means practically all substances extracted from sophora flavescens, such as sophora flavescens extract or total matrines. Has wide application in agriculture in recent years, has good control effect, and is a low-toxicity, low-residue and environment-friendly pesticide. Mainly used for preventing and controlling various pests such as pine moth, tea moth, cabbage caterpillar, etc. Practice proves that the pesticide has good effect on preventing and controlling fruit flies and food flies.
Essential oil of peppermint is extracted from mint plant (Mentha X piperita L.), belonging to Labiatae, also called peppermint. The low dose use of peppermint essential oil is non-toxic and non-irritating. Practice proves that the composition has an effect of avoiding fruit flies and food flies.
The 1-methylcyclopropene is an inhibitor for the action of ethylene production and ethylene, and is applied before the action of endogenous ethylene or exogenous ethylene in plants, and the 1-methylcyclopropene is used for combining with an ethylene receptor in advance to occupy space, so that the combination of ethylene and the receptor is blocked, the maturation and aging process of fruits and vegetables is well prolonged, and the preservation period is prolonged.
The acetylsalicylic acid can enhance the capability of resisting bacterial infection of the fruits and the vegetables, reduce the nutrient loss of the fruits and the vegetables and prolong the preservation period.
The fruit quality control preservative provided by the invention is prepared from green pesticides, plant growth regulators and food additives, and is efficient and safe.
The preferable quality regulator 1 comprises 3000-4000 times of 3% imidacloprid aqueous solution, more preferably 3200-3800 times, and even more preferably 3500 times of aqueous solution; 5% carvacrol 2000-3000 times water solution, more preferably 2200-2800 times, and more preferably 2500 times solution; 3000-4000 times of aqueous solution of 10% prohexadione calcium suspending agent, more preferably 3200-3800 times, and more preferably 3500 times of solution; the 10% diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate soluble granule is 5000-6000 times of water solution, more preferably 5200-5800 times of water solution, and more preferably 5500 times of water solution.
In the fruit quality control process, spraying 2 a defective quality control agent 1. Therefore, it is preferable in the present invention that the quality controlling agent 1 is classified into a quality controlling agent 1a type and a quality controlling agent 1b type.
The preferable quality regulator 2 comprises 1500-2000 times of water solution of food-grade potassium pyrosulfate, more preferably 1600-1900 times, and even more preferably 1750 times; 3000-3500 times of 0.3% matrine aqueous solution, preferably 3100-3400 times, more preferably 3250 times; 5000-6000 times of 10% prohexadione calcium suspending agent aqueous solution, further preferably 5200-5800 times, more preferably 5500 times; the peppermint essential oil is 1500-2500 times of the liquid, more preferably 1700-2300 times of the liquid, and even more preferably 2000 times of the liquid.
The present invention preferably contains 50-60% of L-menthol, more preferably 52-58% of L-menthol, and even more preferably 55% of peppermint essential oil.
The preferred antistaling agent 3 of the invention comprises 1.0 percent of 1-methylcyclopropene 500-1500 times of aqueous solution, more preferably 800-1200 times, and still more preferably 1000 times; 0.05-0.1% of acetylsalicylic acid, further preferably 0.06-0.09%, more preferably 0.075%.
The invention also provides application of the fruit quality control preservative in fruit quality control and harvesting preservation, and preferable fruits include but are not limited to blueberries and honey plums.
When the blueberries are planted, preferably 7-15 days, more preferably 10 days after the flowers are planted, and spraying a quality control agent 1; spraying a quality control agent 1 35-45 days after the flowers bloom, preferably 40 days; spraying a quality control agent 2 at 55-65 days after flowering, preferably at 60 days; spraying preservative 32 h before picking.
When the honey plum is planted, preferably 10-25d, further preferably 20d after the flowers are planted, and the quality control agent 1 is sprayed; spraying a quality control agent 1 at 60-75 days after the flowers bloom, preferably 70 days; spraying a quality control agent 2 after the flowers bloom for 95-110 days, preferably 100 days; spraying preservative 32 h before picking.
When other fruits are preferably planted, according to the specific growth period, spraying 2 defective quality control agents 1 and 1 after flowers, spraying 3 preservative 2h before harvesting.
The spraying amount of the fruit quality control preservative is preferably controlled based on the condition that fruits and leaves of fruit trees are wet but no liquid drops are dripped.
According to the invention, after the preferable fruits are harvested, the field heat is removed, the fruits are precooled, and the fruits are preserved by using modified atmosphere packaging.
In the present invention, unless otherwise specified, all the agents and materials used are commercially available.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A fruit quality control preservative comprises the following components:
quality controlling agent 1a: 3000 times of aqueous solution of 3 percent imidacloprid, 2000 times of aqueous solution of 5 percent carvacrol, 3000 times of aqueous solution of 10 percent prohexadione calcium suspending agent and 5000 times of aqueous solution of 10 percent diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate soluble granule;
quality control agent 1b:3% imidacloprid 4000-fold aqueous solution, 5% carvacrol 3000-fold aqueous solution, 10% prohexadione calcium suspending agent 4000-fold aqueous solution and 10% diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate soluble granule aqueous solution 6000-fold aqueous solution;
quality control agent 2: 2000 times of water solution of food-grade potassium pyrosulfate, 3500 times of water solution of 0.3 percent matrine, 5000 times of water solution of 10 percent prohexadione calcium suspending agent and 2000 times of solution of peppermint essential oil (containing 55 percent of L-menthol);
preservative 3:1.0% of a 1000-fold aqueous solution of 1-methylcyclopropene and 0.05% of acetylsalicylic acid.
Object: 'Orenier' blueberries.
The using method comprises the following steps:
spraying a quality control agent 1a to the fruits and the leaves 9 days after the flowers bloom; spraying a quality control agent 1b to fruits and leaves 37 days after flowering; spraying a quality control agent 2 to the fruits and the leaves 55 days after the flowers are bloomed; harvesting in 60-65 days, and spraying preservative 32 h before harvesting until fruits and leaves are wet and no liquid drops drip.
Example 2
A fruit quality control preservative comprises the following components:
quality controlling agent 1a: 3500-fold aqueous solution of 3 percent imidacloprid, 2500-fold aqueous solution of 5 percent carvacrol, 3500-fold aqueous solution of 10 percent prohexadione calcium suspending agent and 5500-fold aqueous solution of 10 percent diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate soluble granule;
quality control agent 1b: 3500-fold aqueous solution of 3 percent imidacloprid, 2500-fold aqueous solution of 5 percent carvacrol, 3200-fold aqueous solution of 10 percent prohexadione calcium suspending agent, 5500-fold aqueous solution of 10 percent diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate soluble granule aqueous solution and 1500-2500-fold solution of peppermint essential oil;
quality control agent 2: 1800 times of water solution of food-grade potassium pyrosulfate, 3500 times of water solution of 0.3 percent matrine, 5000 times of water solution of 10 percent prohexadione calcium suspending agent and 2000 times of solution of peppermint essential oil (containing 55 percent of L-menthol);
preservative 3:1.0% of a 1000-fold aqueous solution of 1-methylcyclopropene and 0.07% of acetylsalicylic acid.
Object: 'Pink blue' blueberries.
The using method comprises the following steps:
spraying a quality control agent 1a to the fruits and the leaves 15 days after the flowers are bloomed; spraying a quality control agent 1b to fruits and leaves 45 days after the flowers are bloomed; spraying a quality control agent 2 to fruits and leaves 65 days after the flowers are bloomed; harvesting in 60-65 days, and spraying preservative 32 h before harvesting until fruits and leaves are wet and no liquid drops drip.
Example 3
A fruit quality control preservative comprises the following components:
quality controlling agent 1a: 3000 times of aqueous solution of 3 percent imidacloprid, 3000 times of aqueous solution of 5 percent carvacrol, 4000 times of aqueous solution of 10 percent prohexadione calcium suspending agent and 5000 times of aqueous solution of 10 percent diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate soluble granule;
quality control agent 1b:3% imidacloprid 4000 times aqueous solution, 5% carvacrol 2000 times aqueous solution, 10% prohexadione calcium suspending agent 3000 times aqueous solution, and 10% diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate soluble granule aqueous solution 6000 times aqueous solution;
quality control agent 2: 1500 times of water solution of food-grade potassium pyrosulfate, 3000 times of water solution of 0.3% matrine, 5000 times of water solution of 10% prohexadione calcium suspending agent, and 2000 times of solution of peppermint essential oil (containing 60% of L-menthol);
preservative 3:1.0% of a 1000-fold aqueous solution of 1-methylcyclopropene and 0.1% of acetylsalicylic acid.
Object: the bee sugar plum.
The using method comprises the following steps:
spraying a quality control agent 1a to fruits and leaves 16 days after flowering; spraying a quality control agent 1b to fruits and leaves 71 days after the flowers are bloomed; spraying a quality control agent 2 to fruits and leaves 97 days after the flowers are bloomed; harvesting in 105-110 days, and spraying preservative 32 h before harvesting until fruits and leaves are wet and no liquid drops drip.
Example 4
Influence of fruit quality control preservative on quality and preservation effect of 'Auneri' blueberries
In 2021, 3 healthy and high-yield blueberry orchards were selected in ma jiang county, guizhou province, and the varieties: auneide, 3 parallel trials were performed with the protocol of example 1. Wherein, the spraying of distilled water is used as a control for each pesticide application. Fruit hardness (n = 30), soluble solids (n = 30), 5-day shelf life (n = 100%;%) and 50-day shelf life (%, 120 jin) were measured at harvest as reported in the literature (effect of 1-MCP treatment on shelf quality change at room temperature in blueberry, food science, 2014,35 (02): 322-327).
The storage method comprises collecting 8-9 ripe fruits, selecting, placing into a turnover basket (2 jin/basket), taking 20 baskets as a unit, filling into PE (polyethylene) modified atmosphere bag with thickness of 30 μm, pre-cooling for 8h at 0-1 deg.C, and storing for 50 days at 0-1 deg.C.
TABLE 1 influence of different treatments on blueberry quality and preservation
As can be seen from table 1, the blueberry fruit harvest hardness and soluble solid content of the combination agent treated group are higher than those of the control group, and the shelf life and low-temperature storage life of the treated group after being harvested are both better than those of the control group.
Example 5
Influence of fruit quality control preservative on quality and preservation effect of blueberries
In 2020, 3 healthy and high-yield blueberry orchards are selected in Majiang county, guizhou province, and the varieties are as follows: pink blue, 3 parallel experiments were performed using the protocol of example 2. Wherein, the spraying of distilled water is used as a control for each pesticide application. Fruit hardness (n = 30), soluble solids (n = 30), 5-day shelf life (n = 100%;%) and 80-day shelf life (%, 120 jin) were measured at harvest as reported in the literature (effect of 1-MCP treatment on shelf life change at room temperature in blueberry, food science, 2014,35 (02): 322-327).
The storage method comprises collecting 8-9 ripe fruits, selecting, placing into a turnover basket (2 jin/basket), taking 20 baskets as a unit, filling into PE (polyethylene) modified atmosphere bag with thickness of 30 μm, pre-cooling for 8h at 0-1 deg.C, bundling, and storing at 0-1 deg.C for 80 days.
Table 2 influence of different treatments on blueberry quality and preservation effect
As can be seen from Table 2, the blueberry fruits treated by the combined agent have higher harvest hardness and soluble solid content than those of the control group, and the shelf life and the low-temperature storage life of the treated group after being harvested are superior to those of the control group.
Example 6
Influence of fruit quality control preservative on honey Li Pinzhi and preservation effect
In 2020, 3 healthy, high-yield beets Li Guoyuan were selected in zhen ning county, guizhou, and 3 parallel trials were performed using the protocol of example 3. Wherein, the spraying of distilled water is used as a control for each pesticide application. According to a method reported in the literature (the preservation effect of melatonin treatment on the honey plum fruits, food industry science and technology, 2020,41 (6): the method), the fruit hardness (n =30 grains) at the time of harvesting, soluble solid matters (n =30 grains), the edible rate (n =100 grains,%) after being placed at room temperature for 7 days, and the edible rate (70 jin) after being stored at low temperature for 60 days are measured.
The storage method comprises collecting 8-9 ripe fruits, selecting, packaging into a PE (polyethylene) modified atmosphere bag (30 jin/bag) with thickness of 40 μm, placing into a rotary basket, pre-cooling at 2-3 deg.C for 8 hr, and bundling for storage at 2-3 deg.C for 60 days.
TABLE 3 Effect of different treatments on the production of honey Li Pinzhi and its freshness
As can be seen from Table 3, the harvesting hardness and the soluble solid content of the fruits of the honey plum processed by the combined agent are higher than those of the control group, and the shelf life and the low-temperature storage life of the fruits of the honey plum processed by the combined agent are better than those of the control group.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A fruit quality control preservative is characterized by comprising a quality control agent 1, a quality control agent 2 and a preservative 3;
the quality regulator 1 comprises imidacloprid, carvacrol, prohexadione calcium and diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate;
the quality regulator 2 comprises food-grade potassium pyrosulfate, matrine, prohexadione calcium and peppermint essential oil;
the preservative 3 comprises 1-methylcyclopropene and acetylsalicylic acid.
2. The fruit quality control preservative according to claim 1, wherein the quality control agent 1 comprises 3% imidacloprid 3000-4000 times aqueous solution, 5% carvacrol 2000-3000 times aqueous solution, 10% prohexadione calcium suspending agent 3000-4000 times aqueous solution, and 10% diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate soluble granule 5000-6000 times aqueous solution.
3. The fruit quality control preservative according to claim 1, wherein the quality control agent 2 comprises 1500-2000 times of aqueous solution of food-grade potassium pyrosulfate, 3000-3500 times of aqueous solution of 0.3% matrine, 5000-6000 times of aqueous solution of 10% prohexadione calcium suspending agent, and 1500-2500 times of liquid of peppermint essential oil.
4. The fruit quality-controlling preservative according to claim 3, wherein the peppermint essential oil contains 50-60% L-menthol.
5. The fruit quality control preservative according to claim 1, wherein the preservative 3 comprises 1.0% of a 500-1500-fold aqueous solution of 1-methylcyclopropene and 0.05-0.1% of acetylsalicylic acid.
6. The use of the fruit quality control preservative according to any one of claims 1 to 5 for the quality control and harvest preservation of fruits.
7. Use according to claim 6, wherein the fruit comprises blueberry, prune.
8. The application as claimed in claim 7, wherein when the blueberries are planted, the quality control agent 1 is sprayed 7-15 days after the flowers are planted; spraying a quality control agent 1 35-45 days after the flowers bloom; spraying a quality control agent 2 55-65 days after the flowers bloom; spraying preservative 3 in 2h before picking.
9. The application of claim 7, wherein when planting the bee sugar plums, spraying the quality control agent 1 10-25 days after the flowers; spraying a quality control agent 1 60-75 days after the flowers bloom; spraying a quality control agent 2 95-110 days after the flowers bloom; spraying preservative 3 in 2h before picking.
10. The use according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the amount of spraying is fruit, leaf wetting but no drip.
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