CN115662563A - Method for presenting neurostimulation electroencephalographic data and related product - Google Patents

Method for presenting neurostimulation electroencephalographic data and related product Download PDF

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CN115662563A
CN115662563A CN202211321171.5A CN202211321171A CN115662563A CN 115662563 A CN115662563 A CN 115662563A CN 202211321171 A CN202211321171 A CN 202211321171A CN 115662563 A CN115662563 A CN 115662563A
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data
report
page
electroencephalogram
patient
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刘天炎
林婷
黄宁
曲啸
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Hangzhou Nuowei Medical Technology Co ltd
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Hangzhou Nuowei Medical Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

A method for presenting neurostimulation electroencephalographic data and related products are disclosed. The method comprises the following steps: in response to entering a patient report presentation mode, presenting a patient report interface, the patient report interface including a report list page, and displaying at least one of the following report content in a report content area of the report list page: seizure data for the patient's disease; and/or stimulation data relating to an electrical stimulation system secured to the brain of the patient; presenting a data analysis interface related to brain electrical data acquired via the electrical stimulation system in response to entering a data analysis presentation mode. According to the method provided by the embodiment of the application, data basis and guidance can be provided for a doctor to treat a patient for a long distance.

Description

Method for presenting neurostimulation electroencephalographic data and related product
Technical Field
The present application relates generally to the field of neuro-electroencephalographic stimulation. More particularly, the present application relates to a method, system, device and computer-readable storage medium for presenting neurostimulation brain electrical data.
Background
The nerve brain electrical stimulation is also called brain pacemaker therapy, which is to implant electrodes into specific nerve nuclei in the brain, release high-frequency electrical stimulation to inhibit the electrical impulse of the neurons which are over-excited due to the decrease of dopaminergic neurons, and reduce the over-excited state of the neurons, thereby achieving the purpose of relieving or treating diseases (such as epilepsy and Parkinson disease).
At present, implantable medical devices are widely applied to medical clinic to help patients to diagnose and treat diseases. The implanted electric stimulation system mainly comprises an implanted electric pulse generator implanted in a living body, a stimulation electrode and an external controller. In some application scenarios, the controller controls the implantable electric pulse generator to generate the electric stimulation pulse and transmit the electric stimulation pulse generated by the implantable electric pulse generator to the stimulation electrode, so that the stimulation electrode electrically stimulates a specific nerve target point to diagnose and treat diseases.
However, currently, doctors can only view and control the current stimulation parameters of the corresponding electrical stimulation system through a program controller connected with the electrical stimulation system, and data bases for long-range treatment of patients are difficult to obtain.
Disclosure of Invention
To address at least one technical problem mentioned above, the present application in its various aspects proposes a method, system, device and computer-readable storage medium for presenting neurostimulation brain electrical data.
In a first aspect of the present application, there is provided a method for presenting neurostimulated brain electrical data, comprising: in response to entering a patient report presentation mode, presenting a patient report interface, the patient report interface including a report list page, and displaying at least one of the following report content in a report content area of the report list page: seizure data for the patient's disease; and/or stimulation data relating to an electrical stimulation system secured to the brain of the patient; presenting a data analysis interface related to brain electrical data acquired via the electrical stimulation system in response to entering a data analysis presentation mode.
In one embodiment of the present application, the patient report interface further comprises a report navigation page, the method further comprising: in response to entering a patient report interface, presenting a report navigation page, the report navigation page including a fast navigation area for displaying navigation information for recently opened reports and a patient list area for displaying a list of patients meeting a first screening condition; in response to the detection of the selection operation of the quick navigation area, presenting a report list page, and displaying report content corresponding to the navigation information in the report content area; and in response to detecting the selection operation of any patient information in the patient list, presenting a report list page and displaying the report content of the corresponding patient in the report content area.
In another embodiment of the present application, the report list page further includes a report list area for displaying a report list satisfying the second filtering condition, and the method further includes: in response to detecting a selection operation of any report information in the report list, report content related to the report information is displayed in the report content area.
In yet another embodiment of the present application, further comprising: graphically displaying one or more data in the report content, and wherein the episode data comprises at least one of episode number statistics, and episode regularity statistics; and the stimulation data comprises at least one of stimulation frequency statistical data, stimulation day statistical data and parameter adjusting statistical data of the electrical stimulation system.
In one embodiment of the application, the episode law statistics comprise a number of episodes of the disease within the same time interval for different time periods, the method further comprising: highlighting the statistical data in one or more same time intervals in response to the number of disease episodes in the one or more same time intervals of the one or more time periods each being greater than a preset threshold.
In another embodiment of the present application, the stimulation count statistics include average daily hourly stimulation counts per week and/or daily stimulation counts per week for a preset time period; and/or the parameter tuning statistics comprise at least one of: regulating the parameter times; the number of disease attacks after each time of ginseng adjustment; the using time after each parameter adjustment; detecting scheme after each parameter adjustment; stimulation protocol after each parametrization.
In yet another embodiment of the present application, further comprising: acquiring the stimulation data via the electrical stimulation system; and determining at least one of the seizure data based on the stimulation data.
In one embodiment of the present application, the method further comprises: and presenting data values corresponding to the images in response to detecting a triggering operation on any image corresponding to the data in the report content area.
In another embodiment of the present application, the method further comprises: in response to detecting a switching operation to a page, in the patient report presentation mode, switching display in the patient report interface to at least one of: a case data page; an imaging data page; device and surgical information pages; a gauge evaluation page.
In yet another embodiment of the present application, the brain electrical data comprises first brain electrical data recorded in real time and/or second brain electrical data for storing a trigger event; the method further comprises: and displaying a first electroencephalogram image of the first electroencephalogram data or a second electroencephalogram image of the second electroencephalogram data on the data analysis interface.
In yet another embodiment of the present application, the data analysis interface includes a brain electrical viewing page, the method further comprising: displaying a preset time window on the electroencephalogram viewing page, and displaying an electroencephalogram image of electroencephalogram data in the preset time window; in response to detecting at least one of the following operations, correspondingly changing the electroencephalogram image presented within the preset duration window: dragging the electroencephalogram image to move; selecting a previous section of electroencephalogram image of the current electroencephalogram data; selecting the next segment of electroencephalogram image of the current electroencephalogram data; selecting the previous strip of electroencephalogram data; and selecting the next piece of electroencephalogram data.
In one embodiment of the present application, the data analysis interface further comprises an algorithm simulation page, and the method further comprises: responding to the entering of the algorithm simulation page, and presenting the electroencephalogram image of the electroencephalogram data in an image display area of the algorithm simulation page; responding to the received simulation parameters input in the parameter setting area of the algorithm simulation page, and carrying out corresponding algorithm simulation on the electroencephalogram data of the electroencephalogram image presented in the image display area; and displaying an algorithm simulation result on the electroencephalogram image presented in the image display area.
In another embodiment of the present application, the data analysis interface further includes a markup page, and the method further includes: responding to the entering of a mark page, and presenting the electroencephalogram image of the electroencephalogram data in a mark area of the mark page; displaying a plurality of marking controls for presenting different style marks in a mark selection area of the marking page; and in response to detecting a selection operation of one or more marking controls, presenting a mark of a corresponding style according to the detected operation position in the mark area.
In yet another embodiment of the present application, the markup page further includes an autonomous markup input region, the method further includes: in response to receiving input content at the autonomous markup input area, presenting the input content according to the detected operation position in the markup area.
In one embodiment of the present application, the data analysis interface further includes a data list page, and the method further includes: presenting the data list page in response to entering a data analysis interface; responding to the detected selection operation of any one piece of electroencephalogram data in the data list page, entering an electroencephalogram viewing page, and presenting an electroencephalogram image of the electroencephalogram data on the electroencephalogram viewing page; and in response to detecting the marking operation on the marking page, displaying a marking identifier for representing marked electroencephalogram data at the corresponding electroencephalogram data presented in the data list page.
In another embodiment of the present application, the data analysis interface further includes a programmed report page, and the method further includes: presenting programmed report content in response to entering the programmed report page, wherein the programmed report content includes at least one of a detection scheme, a stimulation scheme, and an electroencephalogram data preservation scheme of the electrical stimulation system.
In yet another embodiment of the present application, further comprising: in the presented detection scheme and/or stimulation scheme, presenting an electrode image for representing stimulation electrodes in an electrical stimulation system performing detection parameters in the detection scheme and/or performing stimulation parameters in the stimulation scheme, and displaying contact positions performing stimulation operations in the electrode image.
In one embodiment of the present application, further comprising: displaying a skip button in the patient report interface; and responding to the detected selection operation of the jump button, entering the data analysis presentation mode, and presenting the data analysis interface of the corresponding patient in the patient report interface before jumping.
In another embodiment of the present application, the method further comprises: in response to receiving authentication information of a user, entering a function selection interface, wherein the function selection interface comprises a first function button for representing a patient report presentation mode and a second function button for representing a data analysis presentation mode; in response to detecting a selection operation of a first function button, entering the patient report presentation mode; and entering the data analysis presentation mode in response to detecting the selection operation of the second function button.
In yet another embodiment of the present application, further comprising: selectively presenting a statistical analysis interface in the data analysis presentation mode according to the access authority of the received identity authentication information; and presenting, in an imaged form, the first statistical result related to the patient data and/or the second statistical result related to the electrical stimulation system in response to entering the statistical analysis interface.
In one embodiment of the present application, the electrical stimulation system is an implantable electrical stimulation system, and the brain electrical data includes local field potential data.
In a second aspect of the present application, there is provided a system for presenting neurostimulated brain electrical data, comprising: a display; a processor to: in response to entering a patient report presentation mode, controlling the display to present a patient report interface, the patient report interface including a report list page, and displaying at least one of the following report content in a report content area of the report list page: seizure data for the patient's disease; and/or stimulation data relating to an electrical stimulation system secured to the brain of the patient; in response to entering a data analysis presentation mode, controlling the display to present a data analysis interface related to brain electrical data acquired via the electrical stimulation system.
In a third aspect of the present application, there is provided an apparatus for presenting neurostimulated brain electrical data, comprising: a processor; and a memory storing program instructions for presenting neurostimulation brain electrical data, which when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform the method according to any of the first aspects of the present application.
In a fourth aspect of the present application, there is provided a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon computer readable instructions for presenting neurostimulated brain electrical data, which computer readable instructions, when executed by one or more processors, implement the method as described in any one of the first aspects of the present application.
Through the above description of the technical solution of the present application and various embodiments thereof, those skilled in the art can understand that the method of the embodiments of the present application can present a patient report interface for displaying episode data of a patient suffering from a disease and/or stimulation data related to an electrical stimulation system, where the episode data and/or stimulation data can be long-term data without being limited to current data, so that a long-term illness condition and a treatment condition of the patient can be visually presented; the method can also present a data analysis interface to present and analyze the electroencephalogram data acquired by the electrical stimulation system, and the electroencephalogram data can reflect the attack condition of a disease and the stimulation condition of the electrical stimulation system in another data form, so that the method is favorable for comprehensively, systematically and continuously displaying the neural stimulation electroencephalogram data for a doctor and providing data basis and guidance for the doctor to carry out long-range treatment (such as parameter adjusting scheme making) on a patient.
Drawings
The above and other objects, features and advantages of exemplary embodiments of the present application will become readily apparent from the following detailed description read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Several embodiments of the present application are illustrated by way of example, and not by way of limitation, in the figures of the accompanying drawings and in which like reference numerals refer to similar or corresponding parts and in which:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart illustrating a method for presenting neurostimulated brain electrical data according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart illustrating a method for presenting neurostimulated brain electrical data according to another embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a login interface according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a function selection interface according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating a report navigation page according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 6a is a diagram illustrating a report list page according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 6b is a schematic diagram illustrating display data in a report content area according to another embodiment of the present application;
fig. 6c is a schematic diagram illustrating presenting episode regular statistics in accordance with an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating a brain electrical viewing page according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating an algorithmic simulation page in accordance with an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 9a is a schematic diagram illustrating an algorithmic simulation according to an embodiment of the application;
FIG. 9b is a schematic diagram illustrating a simulation cycle according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram illustrating a markup page according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram illustrating a data analysis interface including a data list page according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram illustrating a programmed report page according to an embodiment of the present application; and
FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram illustrating a system for presenting neurostimulated brain electrical data according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present application. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
It will be understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used in this specification and claims, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.
It is also to be understood that the terminology used in the description of the present application herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only, and is not intended to be limiting of the application. As used in the specification and claims of this application, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should be further understood that the term "and/or" as used in the specification and claims of this application refers to any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items and includes such combinations.
As used in this specification and claims, the term "if" may be interpreted contextually as "when", "upon" or "in response to a determination" or "in response to a detection". Similarly, the phrase "if it is determined" or "if a [ described condition or event ] is detected" may be interpreted contextually to mean "upon determining" or "in response to determining" or "upon detecting [ described condition or event ]" or "in response to detecting [ described condition or event ]".
Specific embodiments of the present application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart illustrating a method for presenting neurostimulated brain electrical data according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 1, the method 100 may include: in step 110, in response to entering the patient report presentation mode, a patient report interface may be presented, the patient report interface may include a report list page, and at least one of the following report content may be displayed in a report content area of the report list page: seizure data for the patient's disease; and/or stimulation data associated with an electrical stimulation system secured to the brain of the patient.
In the patient report presentation mode, for presenting data relating to the patient's condition and treatment. In some embodiments, the patient reporting interface may be a functional module for presenting data related to the patient condition and treatment, or may be a human-machine interface for presenting data related to the patient condition and treatment. In some embodiments, a patient reporting interface may be presented on a display. In other embodiments, a report listing page may be used to present report content for one or more patients. In still other embodiments, the report content area of the report list page may display historical and current data, e.g., historical episode data and current episode data for a patient may be displayed, and/or historical stimulation data and current stimulation data may be displayed, etc.
In some embodiments, the electrical stimulation system secured to the brain of the patient may comprise an implantable electrical stimulation system that may be implanted in the brain of the patient or a transcranial electrical stimulation system that may be secured to the scalp of the patient. In other embodiments, an implantable electrical stimulation system may include an electrical pulse generator, a stimulation electrode, and a controller, wherein the electrical pulse generator and the stimulation electrode may be connected, e.g., wired or wireless, and may be implanted at a target site of interest in the brain; the controller can be arranged outside the patient body and can be in communication connection with the electric pulse generator to control the electric pulse generator to generate the electric stimulation pulse, so that the corresponding treatment of the disease (such as epilepsy, parkinson's disease and the like) suffered by the patient is realized.
In some embodiments, the report list page may not be limited to only include the report content area, and may further include a report list area for filtering the report content, the report list area may be used to display a report list satisfying the second filtering condition, and step 110 may further include: in response to detecting a selection operation of any one of the report information in the report list, report content related to the report information is displayed in the report content area. In some embodiments, the second screening criteria may include one or more of a time of reporting, content of reporting, type of disease to which the report corresponds, patient to whom the report belongs, and the like. When the report list filtered by the second filtering condition includes one or more pieces of report information, in step 110, corresponding report content may be displayed in the report content area in response to detecting a selection operation on any one of the pieces of report information. The report information may include information such as the time of the report, the patient to whom the report pertains, the status of the report (e.g., whether attended, collected, or flagged, etc.), and the like.
In other embodiments, step 110 may further comprise: one or more data in the report content is displayed in an imaging mode, and the attack data can comprise at least one of attack times statistic data, attack days statistic data, attack rule statistic data and the like; and the stimulation data may include at least one of stimulation number statistics, stimulation day statistics, and parameter adjustment statistics of the electrical stimulation system. In still other embodiments, the graphical display may include a visualization of the data in the form of a histogram, a donut, a pie chart, a scatter chart, a radar chart, or the like.
In some embodiments, the episode number statistics may include the number of episodes within a preset time period, e.g., hourly, daily, weekly, monthly, etc. In other embodiments, the statistics of the number of episodes may include the number of episodes within a predetermined time period, such as weekly, monthly, yearly, etc. In still other embodiments, the seizure pattern statistics may include the number of seizures occurring within the same time interval for different time periods, e.g., may be the number of seizures occurring within the same day for different months (e.g., 1/5/1/2/6/1/2/7/1/2/etc.); but also, for example, the number of attacks within the same hour on different days (e.g., 1 o 'clock, 2 o' clock on day 1 of 5 month, and 1 o 'clock, 2 o' clock on day 2 of 5 month, etc.), and the like. In some embodiments, the episode data may be average statistical data, such as may be an average number of episodes per hour per day over 7 days per week, or an average number of episodes per hour per day over 30 days per month, or the like.
In some embodiments, the stimulation count statistics may include stimulation counts over a preset time period, such as hourly, daily, weekly, monthly, etc. In other embodiments, the stimulation day statistics may include stimulation days within a preset time period, such as weekly, monthly, yearly, and the like. In still other embodiments, the stimulation data may be average statistical data, such as an average number of stimulations per hour per day over 7 days per week, or an average number of stimulations per hour over 30 days per month, etc.
In still other embodiments, the parameter tuning statistics may include at least one of: regulating the parameter times; the number of disease attacks after each time of ginseng adjustment; the using time after each parameter adjustment; detecting the scheme after each parameter adjustment; the stimulation protocol after each parameter adjustment, etc. Tuning may include adjusting a stimulation parameter of the electrical stimulation system. The use time after each parameter adjustment may include the use time after each parameter adjustment and before the next parameter adjustment of the electrical stimulation system. In some embodiments, the detection scheme may include at least one of a detection parameter, an electrical stimulation system implant location, an electrode contact location, a detection algorithm, and the like. In other embodiments, the detection algorithm may include at least one of a line length algorithm, an area algorithm, a band pass algorithm, and the like. In still other embodiments, the detection parameters may include at least one of a detection interval, a background interval, an interval, a threshold, and the like.
In some embodiments, the stimulation protocol after each parametrization may include one or more. In other embodiments, the stimulation protocol may include a timed stimulation protocol, or a responsive stimulation protocol, or the like. The timed stimulation protocol may be a protocol that stimulates according to a preset time interval, and the responsive stimulation protocol may be a protocol that stimulates in response to the onset of the disease. In still other embodiments, the stimulation protocol may include stimulation parameters that may include one or more of amplitude, frequency, pulse width, duration, charge density, stimulation refractory period, seizure refractory period, and daily maximum upper stimulation limit, among others. In some embodiments, each stimulation protocol may include one or more pulse protocols.
In some embodiments, the seizure data may be obtained by physician input or patient recording, or by detecting brain electrical data via stimulation electrodes. In another embodiment, the method 100 may further comprise: acquiring stimulation data via an electrical stimulation system; and determining at least one of the seizure data based on the stimulation data. The time and the stimulation scheme for stimulation treatment can be determined according to the acquired stimulation data, and then the disease attack condition during stimulation treatment can be acquired.
Next, in step 120, in response to entering the data analysis presentation mode, a data analysis interface may be presented relating to the brain electrical data acquired via the electrical stimulation system. In some embodiments, the Electroencephalogram data may include Local Field Potential (LFP) data, in other embodiments, the Electroencephalogram data may include Electroencephalogram (EEG) data, in a data analysis presentation mode, for presenting analysis results related to analysis of the Electroencephalogram data.
While the method for presenting neurostimulation electroencephalogram data according to the embodiment of the application is exemplarily described above with reference to fig. 1, it can be understood that by presenting attack data and/or stimulation data in the patient report presentation mode and presenting data related to electroencephalogram data in the data analysis presentation mode, a data platform with comprehensive and visual data can be provided for a doctor, which is beneficial to realizing long-term systematic treatment and disease monitoring for a patient. It will also be appreciated that the illustration is exemplary and that, for example, step 120 is not limited to being performed after step 110, but may be performed before step 110, as desired. In some embodiments, a toggle button or a jump button or the like may be provided at the patient reporting interface and/or the data analysis interface to enable different modes of toggling or jumping. In other embodiments, a function selection interface can be further arranged for selecting different modes. For ease of understanding, the following description will be made exemplarily with reference to fig. 2.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart illustrating a method for presenting neurostimulated brain electrical data according to another embodiment of the present application. As will be appreciated from the following description, the method 200 shown in FIG. 2 may be an embodied representation of the method 100 shown in FIG. 1, and thus the description of the method 100 above in connection with FIG. 1 may also be applicable to the description of the method 200 below. To facilitate understanding of the method 200, the following description will be made in conjunction with the exemplary interface diagrams shown in fig. 3-7.
As shown in fig. 2, method 200 may include: in step 210, in response to receiving the user's authentication information, a function selection interface may be entered, wherein the function selection interface may include a first function button for representing a patient report presentation mode and a second function button for representing a data analysis presentation mode. In some embodiments, the authentication information may include user name, password, identification number, and the like. In other embodiments, the authentication information may be obtained by setting a system login interface. For ease of understanding, the following exemplary description is made in conjunction with fig. 3 and 4.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a login interface according to an embodiment of the present application. Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a function selection interface according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 3, the system login interface 300 may include input boxes for inputting authentication information, such as a name input box 301 for inputting a user name and a password input box 302 for inputting a password in the illustration, and may also display a login button 303 for triggering a login operation. In some application scenarios, after the user outputs corresponding authentication information at the system login interface and clicks the login button 303, the system may enter a function selection interface 400, such as that shown in FIG. 4, in response to receiving the authentication information. The function selection interface 400 may include a first function button 401 for representing a patient report presentation mode and a second function button 402 for representing a data analysis presentation mode.
Next, as shown in FIG. 2, in step 220, in response to detecting a selection operation of the first function button, a patient report presentation mode may be entered. For example, in response to detecting a selection operation of the first function button 401 in a function selection interface 400 such as that shown in fig. 4, a patient report presentation mode may be entered. In some embodiments, the selection operation may be triggered by a user click, press, touch, or the like. In other embodiments, detecting the selection operation may be accomplished by detecting a signal triggered by the selection operation.
The flow may then proceed to step 230 where, in response to entering the patient report presentation mode, a patient report interface may be presented. In some embodiments, the patient report interface may further include a report navigation page, and step 230 may further include: in step 231 (shown in dashed outline), in response to entering the patient report interface, a report navigation page may be presented, which may include a quick navigation area for displaying navigation information for recently opened reports and a patient list area for displaying a list of patients that meet the first screening criteria.
Next, in step 232 (shown by a dashed box), in response to detecting the selection operation of the fast navigation area, a report list page may be presented and report content corresponding to the navigation information may be displayed in a report content area. In step 233 (shown in dashed outline), in response to detecting a selection operation for any of the patient information in the patient list, a report list page is presented and the report content for the corresponding patient is displayed in the report content area. For convenience of explanation, the following description will be made with reference to fig. 5 and 6 a.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating a report navigation page according to an embodiment of the application. Fig. 6a is a schematic diagram illustrating a report list page according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 5, in response to entering the patient report interface, a report navigation page 500 may be presented prior to presenting the report list page, which report navigation page 500 may include a quick navigation area 510 and a patient list area 520. In the quick navigation area 510, navigation information of the last opened report may be displayed, which may include one or more of the name, identification number, disease type, time of report, etc. of the patient to which the last opened report belongs. In other embodiments, the navigation information may include only the identity information of the patient to which the last report was opened, and may also display the filtering conditions for filtering the time of the patient report, such as "start time" and "end time" in the diagram representing the time range of the report to be searched.
In some application scenarios, in response to detecting a direct selection operation of navigation information, such as patient name, identification number, disease type, etc., in the fast navigation area 510, a report list page 600, such as that shown in fig. 6a, may be presented. A report list area 620 and a report content area 610 may be included in the report list page 600; next, the report content of the report that was opened last time may be directly displayed in the report content area 610, or the second filtering condition may be displayed in the report list area 620, and the corresponding report content may be displayed in the report content area 610 according to the filtering operation that has received the input and the detected selection operation for any report information in the filtered report list 621. In other application scenarios, in response to detecting a selection operation of any one of the search results in the fast navigation area 510, the report content at the corresponding time may be directly displayed in the report content area 610.
As further shown in fig. 5, the report navigation page 500 also includes a patient list area 520, which patient list area 520 may include an option 521 for the first screening condition and a list 522 of patients that meet the first screening condition. In some embodiments, the first screening condition may include one or more of a report time, a report content, a report corresponding disease type (or patient type), a patient name, a patient gender, a patient age, a patient identification number, a case number, and the like. In other embodiments, the patient list 522 may include one or more information relating to the patient or the patient's condition, such as a serial number, name, gender, age, identification number, case number, disease type, procedure time, implantation time, suggested review date, and the like.
In some application scenarios, when the patient list 522 presents one or more pieces of patient information (e.g., four pieces as shown in fig. 5), in response to detecting a selection operation for any one piece of patient information in the patient list 522, a report list page 600, such as shown in fig. 6, may be presented and report content for the corresponding patient may be displayed in the report content area 610. In other application scenarios, the report list page 600 may include a report list area 620 and a report content area 610, and a second filtering condition may be displayed in the report list area 620, where the second filtering condition may be used to filter different reports of a selected patient, and display corresponding report content in the report content area 610 according to the filtering operation that receives the input and the detected selection operation of any report information in the filtered report list 621.
Through the setting of the quick navigation area, a user can conveniently and quickly enter a recently opened report and a report close to the recently opened report (such as reports generated at different times belonging to the same patient), and the report to be checked does not need to be searched in all report data, so that the operation rapidity and the operation efficiency of the user are improved. The patient list meeting the first screening condition can be screened out by setting the patient list area, and according to the arrangement, the information of a plurality of patients with the same disease and the same type of patients can be screened out, so that a doctor can conveniently check the report content of an interested patient, the limitation that the doctor can only check the information of the patient diagnosed and treated by the doctor in the prior art can be broken through, the reference data and the guidance suggestion of the course and the treatment condition of the patient with the same disease are provided for the doctor, and effective data support is provided for the diagnosis and treatment scheme and scientific research of the doctor. Furthermore, the quick navigation area and the patient list area are presented on the same page at the same time, so that more choices can be provided for a user, and the user can conveniently and quickly operate according to different requirements.
Having described the report navigation page in detail, the following description of the report list page is continued with reference to FIG. 6 a. In one embodiment of the present application, the patient reporting interface may further include at least one of a case data page, an imaging data page, a device and procedure information page, a scale assessment page, and the like. The method according to the embodiment of the application can further comprise the following steps: in the patient report presentation mode, in response to detecting a switching operation to a page, the display is switched as a corresponding page in the patient report interface. As shown in fig. 6a, the currently displayed page is a report list page, and in some embodiments, switching buttons for switching different pages may be displayed on the report list page, for example, a button 630 for switching to a medical record material page, a button 640 for switching to a video material page, a button 650 for switching to equipment and operation information, a button 660 for switching to a gauge evaluation page, and the like in the drawing, and in response to detecting a selection operation of any one of the buttons, the display may be controlled to switch to display corresponding page contents.
In some embodiments, the medical records data page can include, for example, at least one of patient basis information, family information, disease history information, and medication history information, among others. In other embodiments, the basic information may include one or more of the patient's name, age, gender, disease type, identification number, cell phone number, home address, case number, etc. In still other embodiments, the family information may include one or more of the family's name, relationship to the patient, cell phone number, identification number, home address, age, and the like. In some embodiments, the disease history information can include one or more of a type of diagnosis, a diagnosis of etiology, a time of course of disease, a surgical history, a suggested program or date of follow-up, and the like. In other embodiments, the medication history information may include one or more of information such as current medication intake, historical medication intake, medication allergy history, and the like. In some application scenarios, the content in the medical record data page may be obtained according to the historical data of the patient, or may be manually filled in and supplemented by the doctor when visiting the doctor, and an interactive area or a selection button for user input may be displayed in the medical record data page.
In some embodiments, the imaging profile page may include one or more of imaging images, imaging reports, electroencephalography images, and the like. In some application scenarios, when switching from the report list page to the iconography data page, the iconography data related to the report content before switching, for example, the report content of a certain date displayed in the report list page, may be displayed in the iconography data page, and the iconography data of the date may be automatically displayed after switching without the user performing the screening operation of the iconography data again.
In other embodiments, the device and procedure information page may include procedure information and device information, among others, where the procedure information may include at least one of surgical facility, department, surgeon, clinical consultant, etc. information, and the device information may include one or more of a stimulator (e.g., electrical pulse generator) model number, stimulator serial number, implant time, programmer model number, programmer serial number, and electrode model number for each channel electrode, electrode serial number, electrode implant location, target location, electrode implant time, etc. In other embodiments, the device and operation information page may also display corresponding device images and the like.
In still other embodiments, the scale assessment page may include one or more of one or more types of assessment scales, and patient symptom improvement trends, etc. information that is counted from the assessment scales. The assessment scale may include, for example, one or more of a quality of life scale, a hamilton depression scale, a hamilton anxiety scale, a montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) scale, an Engel (Engel) rating scale, and the like. The evaluation scale can be used for evaluating the treatment effect of the disease of the patient, and the symptom improvement trend of the patient can be statistically obtained according to the comprehensive evaluation result of the scales and can be displayed in an imaging form.
As further shown in fig. 6a, in the report content area 610 of the report list page 600, in addition to the seizure data and stimulation data, basic information such as the patient report in the illustration and implantation information of the electrical stimulation system, etc. may be displayed. Illustratively, as shown in fig. 6a, seizure data may include, for example, a change in the number of seizures, and may show the number of seizures per month for a period of time from before to after, for example, data for 3 months before, 2 months before, 1 month after, 2 months after, 3 months after, and 4 months after, etc. are shown in the form of a bar graph (abscissa represents time, ordinate represents number). As further shown in fig. 6a, a button 611 for modifying the data may also be provided next to the episode number data in the report content area 610, so that the relevant data may be entered autonomously by the user, if desired.
It will be appreciated that the report list page 600 may not be limited to the report content shown in the illustration, but may also include other episode data and/or stimulation data, etc., as will be further described below in conjunction with fig. 6b and 6 c.
FIG. 6b is a schematic diagram illustrating display data in a report content area according to another embodiment of the present application. Fig. 6c is a schematic diagram illustrating presenting episode law statistics in accordance with an embodiment of the present application. It will be appreciated that the display content shown in fig. 6b and 6c may be presented separately or in succession with the content displayed in the report content area of fig. 6a, for example by a sliding operation in the report content area, such that the content shown in fig. 6b and/or 6c is presented.
As shown in fig. 6b, statistics 612 of the number of monthly seizure days of epilepsy, for example, in the figure, may be further displayed in the report content region, and the number of monthly seizure days for a period of time from before to after the operation may be displayed, for example, data of 3 months before, 2 months before, 1 month after, 2 months after, 3 months after, 4 months after, 5 months after, 6 months after, and 7 months after the operation, etc., are displayed in the form of a bar graph (abscissa represents time, and ordinate represents the number of days) in the figure. In other embodiments, buttons for modifying the data may also be provided next to the days of onset data so that the relevant data may be entered autonomously by the user when desired.
As further shown in fig. 6b, the stimulation data may also be displayed in the form of a bar graph, for example, the average number of stimulations per hour per week for 4 weeks may be displayed, while the number of stimulations per day per week for 4 weeks may also be displayed. In the bar chart 613 for showing the number of stimulations per hour per week on average, the abscissa indicates the whole time of 24 hours and the ordinate indicates the number of stimulations per hour, where the number of stimulations per hour is the average of the number of stimulations in the same hour for 7 days of the week. In the histogram 616 showing the number of stimulation per day per week, the abscissa represents monday through sunday, and the ordinate represents the number. In the figure, "8 month 17 day", "8 month 24 day", "9 month 1 day" and "9 month 8 day" respectively indicate the date of the start day of each week, and here, the date range of each week may be displayed or indicated by other reference numerals as necessary.
As shown in fig. 6c, episode rule statistics 617 such as that shown in the figure may also be displayed in the report content area, and the episode rule statistics 617 may include the number of episodes within the same time interval of different time periods, such as the number of episodes per hour (i.e., the same time interval) of each week (i.e., different time periods) of 6 weeks in the figure, where the number of episodes per hour of each day is the average of the number of episodes within the same hour of 7 days in the week. By correspondingly displaying the disease attack times in the same time interval in different time periods, the disease attack times in the same time interval are positioned in the same row or the same column, and the potential law of the disease attack can be more easily identified.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 6c, the seizure pattern statistics may be displayed in the form of a histogram having an abscissa representing an hour of an integer of 24 and an ordinate representing the number of times. The method according to the embodiment of the application can further comprise the following steps: and in response to the number of disease episodes in one or more same time intervals of one or more time periods being greater than a preset threshold, highlighting the statistics in the one or more same time intervals. The preset threshold value may be set as desired. As shown in FIG. 6c, the histogram data for 0-6 and 23-24 points for the 6 weeks can be circled by the dashed box, assuming that the average number of episodes per hour for both 0-6 (0 am-6am in the illustration) and 23-24 (23 pm-24pm in the illustration) points of the past 6 weeks exceeds a preset threshold. It will be appreciated that the form of highlighting may not be limited to a dashed box circle, but may also include one or a combination of a number of realizable forms, such as a solid box circle, a color change, a flashing, etc.
According to the arrangement, the regular attack intervals can be highlighted, so that the doctor can be helped to analyze the disease condition and make a more targeted, controllable and accurate diagnosis and treatment plan. The regular statistics and presentation mode have important guiding significance for scientific research and diagnosis and treatment of diseases.
Further, the method according to the embodiment of the present application may further include: in response to detecting a triggering operation on any data-corresponding image in the report content area, a data value corresponding to the image may be presented. As shown in fig. 6b and 6c, the data may not display specific data values (e.g., number of attacks, number of stimuli, etc.) after being imaged, in some scenarios, when a user clicks, touches, or uses a mouse to hover over a certain data corresponding image (shown in a circle) 614, a window 615 for displaying the specific data values may be presented, in which window 615 abscissa values where the image 614 is located may be displayed (e.g., 16 for 16 points displayed in fig. 6b, 21 for 21 points displayed in fig. 6 c), and ordinate data values corresponding to the image 614 are displayed (e.g., 14 for 14 times displayed in fig. 6b, 23 for 23 times displayed in fig. 6 c). According to the arrangement, the specific data value is displayed only when a certain data is concerned, so that the data is more concise and clearer after being imaged, and a user can observe the change rule and the change trend presented among the data conveniently.
The patient reporting interface is described in detail above and will be described further back in fig. 2. As further shown in FIG. 2, in step 240, in response to detecting a selection operation of the second function button, a data analysis presentation mode may be entered. For example, in response to detecting a selection operation of the second function button 402 in the function selection interface 400, such as shown in fig. 4, a data analysis presentation mode may be entered.
In one embodiment of the present application, the data analysis presentation mode may not be limited to being entered only through the function selection interface, but a skip button may also be displayed in the patient report interface; and in response to detecting the selection operation of the jump button, entering a data analysis presentation mode and presenting the data analysis interface of the corresponding patient in the patient report interface before the jump. Such as the jump button 670 shown in fig. 6a, in some application scenarios, in response to detecting a selection operation of the jump button 670 in the patient report interface, a data analysis interface may be presented and brain electrical data related to the report content of the patient displayed in the patient report interface prior to the jump displayed in the data analysis interface. According to the arrangement, data screening operation can be performed again on the data analysis interface, and the patient report interface and the data analysis interface can be associated to facilitate the viewing of related data.
It will also be appreciated that the jump button may not be limited to being provided only to the patient reporting interface, but may also be provided to the data analysis interface for direct access to the patient reporting interface at the data analysis interface. The mode of entering the data analysis presentation mode may not be limited to the above-mentioned mode of the function selection interface and the skip button, and a switching control for entering the data analysis presentation mode may also be displayed on a side bar of the patient report interface, and a switching control for entering the patient report interface may also be displayed on a side bar of the data analysis interface, so as to implement free switching and association of the two.
As shown in fig. 2, the process may continue in step 250 by presenting a data analysis interface related to the brain electrical data acquired via the electrical stimulation system in response to entering the data analysis presentation mode. In some embodiments, the data analysis interface may include a brain electrical viewing page, and step 250 may include step 251 (shown by a dashed box) and step 252 (shown by a dashed box), wherein in step 251, a preset duration window may be displayed on the brain electrical viewing page, and a brain electrical image of the brain electrical data is presented within the preset duration window; in step 252, in response to detecting at least one of the following operations, the brain electrical image presented within the preset temporal long window may be changed accordingly: dragging the electroencephalogram image to move; selecting a previous section of electroencephalogram image of the current electroencephalogram data; selecting the next segment of electroencephalogram image of the current electroencephalogram data; selecting the previous strip of electroencephalogram data; selecting the next piece of electroencephalogram data, and the like. For ease of understanding, the following exemplary description is provided in connection with fig. 7.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating an electroencephalogram viewing page according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 7, the data analysis interface 700 may include an electroencephalogram viewing page 710, in which at least one preset duration window may be displayed in the electroencephalogram viewing page 710, for example, two preset duration windows 711-1 and 711-2 are shown in the figure, respectively for showing an electroencephalogram image 712-1 of electroencephalogram data sensed by a channel one electrode and an electroencephalogram image 712-2 of electroencephalogram data sensed by a channel two electrode. The preset duration window can be used for presenting electroencephalogram images with preset duration. For example, the preset time lengths of the preset time length windows 711-1 and 711-2 shown in FIG. 7 may be 10s (i.e., display "one screen display: 10s" in the drawing), and the preset time lengths may be set longer or shorter as necessary.
In some application scenarios, the length of one piece of electroencephalogram data may be greater than the preset duration of the preset duration window, so that only a part of an image in one electroencephalogram image can be displayed in the preset duration window, and at this time, other undisplayed parts in the currently displayed electroencephalogram image can be moved into the preset duration window by dragging the electroencephalogram image in the preset duration window back and forth or backwards, so as to be presented conveniently.
In other application scenarios, a control button for controlling and displaying a next electroencephalogram or a previous electroencephalogram of the current electroencephalogram data may also be displayed in the electroencephalogram viewing page 710, where the previous electroencephalogram is an electroencephalogram of a previous preset duration of the currently displayed electroencephalogram of the preset duration, and the next electroencephalogram is an electroencephalogram of a next preset duration of the currently displayed electroencephalogram of the preset duration. In other words, the previous electroencephalogram image or the next electroencephalogram image and the electroencephalogram image displayed in the current preset duration window belong to the same electroencephalogram image of electroencephalogram data. For example, the preset duration windows 711-1 and 711-2 in the figure display 10s electroencephalogram images, and when the next 10s or previous 10s image in the electroencephalogram image needs to be viewed, the next electroencephalogram image or the previous electroencephalogram image can be selected.
In still other embodiments, a control button 714 for controlling to display next electroencephalogram data of the current electroencephalogram data or a control button 713 for controlling to display previous electroencephalogram data may also be displayed in the electroencephalogram viewing page 710, where the previous electroencephalogram data or the next electroencephalogram data and the electroencephalogram image displayed in the current preset duration window belong to different electroencephalogram data. In still other application scenarios, when the user selects the previous electroencephalogram data 713, the electroencephalogram image of the next electroencephalogram data of the current electroencephalogram image will be displayed within a preset time-length window; when the user selects the next piece of electroencephalogram data 714, the electroencephalogram image of the next piece of electroencephalogram data of the current electroencephalogram image will be displayed within the preset time-length window.
In yet another embodiment of the present application, the brain electrical data may include first brain electrical data recorded in real-time and/or second brain electrical data used to store the trigger event; the method 200 may further comprise: the first brain electrical image of the first brain electrical data or the second brain electrical image of the second brain electrical data is presented on the data analysis interface 700. In some embodiments, step 251 may further include: the first brain electrical image of the first brain electrical data or the second brain electrical image of the second brain electrical data is presented on the brain electrical viewing page 710. In other embodiments, the triggering event may include at least one of a magnet swipe, a detection of treatment, a fixed time hold, and the like. The second electroencephalogram data used for storing the trigger event is the electroencephalogram data recorded when the trigger event occurs. The data analysis interface 700 presents that the first brain electrical image or the second brain electrical image may be selected by the user by setting a selection option, or may be displayed according to default settings.
In some embodiments, step 250 may further comprise: in response to entering the data analysis interface, a navigation page may be presented for presenting a list of patients meeting a third screening condition; and responding to the detected selection operation of any patient information in the patient list, and presenting the electroencephalogram viewing page of the corresponding patient. In other embodiments, the third screening condition may include one or more of patient type, patient name, patient gender, patient age, patient identification number, case number, and the like. In still other embodiments, the patient list may include patient information for one or more patients, which may include, for example, one or more of patient type, patient name, patient gender, patient age, patient identification number, case number, address, symptoms, programmed date, suggested follow-up date, and the like.
In yet another embodiment of the present application, the method 200 may further comprise: selectively presenting a statistical analysis interface in a data analysis presentation mode according to the access authority of the received identity authentication information; and presenting, in an imaged form, the first statistical result related to the patient data and/or the second statistical result related to the electrical stimulation system in response to entering the statistical analysis interface. By setting the access rights, the statistical analysis interface can be presented only to users with access rights, for example, can be presented only to product development end users for further research and improvement of product application and development. The access right can be set according to needs, and in other scenes, a statistical analysis interface can be presented to the doctor user according to needs.
In some embodiments, the form of the visualization may include at least one of a histogram, a circle graph, a pie graph, a scatter plot, a radar plot, and the like. In other embodiments, the first statistical result may include, for example, one or more of a statistical result of distribution of the hospitals where the patients are located, a statistical result of number of patients per hospital, a statistical result of gender ratio of patients, a statistical result of number of patients per region, a statistical result of age group of patients, and the like. In still other embodiments, the second statistical result may include, for example, one or more of a statistical result of the number of types of stimulator implants, a statistical result of the number of types of electrode implants, a statistical result of the ratios of types of stimulator implants, a statistical result of the ratios of types of electrode implants, and the like.
In one embodiment of the present application, the data analysis interface may further include an algorithmic simulation page and/or a markup page. As further shown in fig. 7, the data analysis interface 700 may further include a button 720 for entering an algorithmic simulation page and/or a button 730 for entering a markup page, the display being controlled to display the algorithmic simulation page in response to detecting a selection operation of the button 720; in response to detection of a selection operation of the button 730, the display is controlled to display a mark-up page. As will be described in detail below.
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating an algorithmic simulation page in accordance with an embodiment of the application. As shown in fig. 8, the method according to an embodiment of the present application may further include: in response to entering the algorithm simulation page 800, an electroencephalogram image 811 of the electroencephalogram data is presented in an image display area 810 of the algorithm simulation page; in response to receiving the simulation parameters input in the parameter setting area 820 of the algorithm simulation page 800, performing corresponding algorithm simulation on the electroencephalogram data of the electroencephalogram 811 presented in the image display area 810; and displaying the results 812 of the algorithm simulation on the brain electrical image 811 presented in the image display area 810. In some embodiments, the brain electrical image 811 may be the same as the brain electrical image viewed in the brain electrical viewing page.
In some embodiments, the parameter settings area 820 may include a plurality of algorithm selections (e.g., algorithm selections for the base simulation and the high-level simulation in the illustration), each of which may include corresponding simulation parameters. In other embodiments, the simulation parameters of the base simulation may include a detection interval (or specificity) and a threshold (or sensitivity). In still other embodiments, the simulation parameters of the advanced simulation may include at least one of a detection interval, a background interval, an interval, a threshold, and the like. In some embodiments, the algorithm simulation result 812 may include a detection point (e.g., a stimulation point) obtained by a simulation operation, which may be presented at a corresponding position on the electroencephalogram image 811 in the form of, for example, a circular point in the diagram, or in any other labeling form.
In some embodiments, the parameter values for the detection interval may be set to, for example, 0.16, 0.32, 0.64, 1.28, 2.56, 5.12, etc., in units corresponding to seconds(s); the parameter values of the background interval and the interval can be, for example, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256 and the like, and the unit corresponds to one; the parameter value of the threshold value may be, for example, -87.5% -500%, etc. In other embodiments, the simulation algorithm may include, for example, a line length algorithm or an area algorithm. For example, the line length or area under the background interval parameter and the line length or area under the detection interval parameter may be calculated respectively for simulation, so as to obtain the algorithm simulation result. To facilitate understanding of the line length algorithm and the area algorithm, the following description is made in conjunction with fig. 9a and 9 b.
FIG. 9a is a schematic diagram illustrating an algorithmic simulation according to an embodiment of the application. As shown in fig. 9a, the sample data (e.g., a portion of brain electrical data) of a patient, wherein the abscissa may represent time in seconds(s), i.e., the second number of seconds used to represent the brain electrical data; the ordinate may represent the amplitude of the brain electrical data, which may be in μ v. It will be appreciated that fig. 9a is for convenience of illustrating the principles of algorithmic simulation, the coordinate scale of which is schematic and thus specific scale values are not shown.
Based on the selected simulation parameters, that is, assuming that the length of the selected detection interval is 0.32s, the number of background intervals is 4, and the number of interval intervals is 2, 0s to 1.28s (0.32 × 4) in the sampled data may be used as the background window, 1.28s to 1.92s (0.32 × 2) as the interval window, and 1.92s to 2.24s (0.32 s) as the detection window. And then, respectively calculating the line length or area under the background window and the line length or area under the detection window so as to simulate the electroencephalogram data. For the line length algorithm, the total length of the line segment between all sampling points under the background window and the detection window is calculated respectively. For example, assuming that the line segments between all the sampling points under the background window are a1, a2, a3, a4, and a5, the line length L1 under the background window is (a 1+ a2+ a3+ a4+ a 5). Similarly, assuming that the line segments between all sampling points under the detection window are b1, b2, b3 and b4, the line length L2 under the detection window is: (b 1+ b2+ b3+ b 4)/(length of background window and length of detection window). In some embodiments, the ratio between the length of the background window and the length of the detection window is the number of background intervals in the simulation parameter.
Then, the determination may be made by setting a threshold value. For example, when the set threshold is a positive number or zero, and (L2-L1)/L1 > threshold; or when the threshold value is set to be negative and (L2-L1)/L1 < the threshold value, the condition that a disease (such as epilepsy) attack exists in the detection window is meant, and the currently selected simulation parameters can be used as the optimized neuroelectroencephalogram stimulation parameters.
Based on the foregoing algorithm simulation result, the sampling point under the detection window corresponding to the simulation parameter (0.32 s) may be taken as a stimulation point as a stimulation scheme, and may be presented on, for example, the electroencephalogram image 811 shown in fig. 8. Conversely, when the set threshold is a positive number or zero and (L2-L1)/L1 is less than or equal to the threshold; or when the threshold is set to be a negative number and (L2-L1)/L1 is greater than or equal to the threshold, the background window, the interval window and the detection window are translated backwards to the next simulation period in the electroencephalogram data, and the algorithm simulation operation is continuously executed.
For the area algorithm, the area sum surrounded by all sampling points under the background window and the detection window is calculated respectively. For example, assume that the area enclosed by all the sampling points under the background window is S1, and the area enclosed by all the sampling points under the detection window is S2/(the ratio between the length of the background window and the length of the detection window).
Then, the determination may be made by setting a threshold value. For example, when the set threshold is a positive number or zero, and (S2-S1)/S1 > threshold; or when the threshold is set to negative and (S2-S1)/S1 < threshold, this means that there is a condition of a seizure of a disease (e.g. epilepsy) under the detection window. The currently selected simulation parameters may be used as the optimized neuro-electroencephalogram stimulation parameters.
Based on the foregoing simulation result, the sampling point under the detection window corresponding to the simulation parameter (0.32 s) may be taken as a stimulation point as a stimulation scheme, and may be presented on, for example, the electroencephalogram image 811 shown in fig. 8. Conversely, when the set threshold is a positive number or zero and (S2-S1)/S1 is less than or equal to the threshold; or when the threshold is set to be a negative number and (S2-S1)/S1 is greater than or equal to the threshold, the background window, the interval window and the detection window are translated backwards to the next simulation period in the electroencephalogram data, and the algorithm simulation operation is continuously executed. To facilitate understanding of the simulation cycle, an exemplary description is provided below in conjunction with fig. 9 b.
FIG. 9b is a schematic diagram illustrating a simulation cycle according to an embodiment of the present application. In the simulation of the data, the algorithm simulation of the sampled data of the patient can be performed through each simulation cycle consisting of the background window, the interval window and the detection window. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 9b, for example, a first background window T0-T2, a first interval window T2-T4, and a first detection window T4-T5 are included within the first simulation period T1. As described above, assuming that the set simulation parameters include 0.32s of detection intervals, 4 background intervals, and 2 interval intervals, the first detection window t4-t5, the first background window t0-t2, and the first interval window t2-t4 in the first simulation cycle shown in fig. 9b are 0.32s, 1.28 (0.32 x 4) s, and 0.64 (0.32 x 2) s, respectively.
The second simulation period T2 in the illustration can be obtained when the algorithm simulates the absence of a disease (e.g., epilepsy) seizure in the first simulation period, requiring a backward translation to the next simulation period in the brain electrical data. A second background window T1-T3, a second interval window T3-T5 and a second detection window T5-T6 may be included within the second simulation period T2. In some embodiments, the second simulation period T2 may be obtained by shifting the first simulation period T1 backward in its entirety, for example, by the length of a detection interval, where the length of the second background window T1-T3 is equal to the length of the first background window T0-T2, the length of the second interval window T3-T5 is equal to the length of the first interval window T2-T4, and the length of the second detection window T5-T6 is equal to the length of the first detection window T4-T5. In other embodiments, in the second simulation period T2, the simulation parameters may also be reset as needed to obtain the length of the new second simulation period T2 and the lengths of the windows therein. After entering the second simulation period T2, the algorithmic simulation may continue to be performed using, for example, a line length algorithm and/or an area algorithm, etc., to obtain an algorithmic simulation result.
The principle of the algorithm simulation according to the embodiment of the present application is exemplarily described above with reference to fig. 9a and 9b, and it can be understood that, compared with a digitized algorithm simulation result, the algorithm simulation result is directly presented on the electroencephalogram image, and the change of the algorithm simulation result on the electroencephalogram image and the relationship between the algorithm simulation result and the electroencephalogram image can be more visually and vividly displayed, which is not only beneficial to more accurately adjusting simulation parameters to perform the algorithm simulation, but also can more effectively optimize detection parameters according to the algorithm simulation result, thereby optimizing the settings of the detection scheme, the stimulation scheme and the electroencephalogram data storage scheme.
Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram illustrating a markup page according to an embodiment of the present application. In an embodiment of the present application, a method according to an embodiment of the present application may further include: responding to the entering of the mark page, and presenting the electroencephalogram image of the electroencephalogram data in the mark area of the mark page; displaying a plurality of mark controls for presenting different style marks in a mark selection area of a mark page; and in response to detecting the selection operation of one or more marking controls, presenting the corresponding style of mark according to the detected operation position in the mark area. As shown in fig. 10, a markup page 1000 can include a markup area 1010 and a markup selection area 1020, a brain electrical image 1011 can be presented in the markup area 1010, and one or more markup controls 1021 can be displayed in the markup selection area 1020, where each markup control 1021 can be used to display a style of markup.
In some embodiments, in response to detecting a selection operation of a seizure onset marking control such as that illustrated, a corresponding style of marking 1012 may be presented in accordance with the detected operational position of the positioning operation in the marking area 1010. In other embodiments, marker controls for presenting one or more markers of normal brain electrical activity, onset of onset, electrical stimulation, brain electrical recovery, pre-warning, eye movement, eating, sleeping, spikes, and the like may be included in marker selection area 1020.
In yet another embodiment of the present application, the markup page 1000 may further include an autonomous markup input region 1030, and the method according to an embodiment of the present application may further include: in response to receiving input content at the autonomous markup input area 1030, the input content is presented according to the detected operation position in the markup area 1010. As further shown in fig. 10, in accordance with the detected operation position in the mark region 1010, the input content (e.g., one in the drawing) may be presented, and a mark 1013 indicating the operation position may be presented.
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram illustrating a data analysis interface including a data list page according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 11, the data analysis interface 1100 may include a data list page 1110, and the method according to the embodiment of the present application may further include: in response to entering the data analysis interface 1100, a data list page 1110 is presented; in response to detection of a selection operation on any one piece of electroencephalogram data in the data list page 1110, entering an electroencephalogram viewing page (for example, entering the electroencephalogram viewing page shown in fig. 7), and presenting an electroencephalogram image of the piece of electroencephalogram data on the electroencephalogram viewing page; and in response to detecting a marking operation on a marking page (e.g., marking page 1000 shown in fig. 10), displaying a marking identifier 1111 indicating that the marking has been made at the corresponding electroencephalogram data presented in the data list page 1110. According to the arrangement, the marked or unmarked electroencephalogram data can be displayed before entering the electroencephalogram viewing page, and the searching and the positioning of interested data by a user are facilitated.
As further shown in fig. 11, at the same time as the presentation of the data list page 1110, a screening area 1120 for screening the data list in the data list page 1110 may also be presented, and the data list meeting the screening condition is presented in the data list page 1110 through the screening operation on the screening condition detected in the screening area 1120.
According to the setting of the marking page, a user can conveniently mark electroencephalogram data in various patterns, subsequent viewing and data research are facilitated, information sharing can be facilitated, and for example, marks of other users can be viewed. Through the setting of the data list page, the data list page and the mark page form dynamic association, and therefore a subsequent user can conveniently select electroencephalogram data when entering a data analysis interface. Furthermore, the parameter optimization in the detection scheme, the stimulation scheme and the electroencephalogram data storage scheme can be further realized by setting the marking function.
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram illustrating a programmed report page according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 12, the data analysis interface may further include a programmed report page 1200, and the method according to the embodiment of the present application may further include: in response to entering the programmed report page 1200, programmed report content is presented, wherein the programmed report content may include at least one of a detection protocol 1210, a stimulation protocol 1220, a brain electrical data preservation protocol 1230, and the like, of an electrical stimulation system. In yet another embodiment of the present application, a method according to an embodiment of the present application may further include: in the presented detection scheme 1210 and/or stimulation scheme 1220, an electrode image 1211 for representing stimulation electrodes in the electrical stimulation system performing the detection parameters in the detection scheme 1210 and/or performing the stimulation parameters in the stimulation scheme 1220 is presented, and the contact locations 1212 performing the stimulation operation are displayed in the electrode image 1211. The contact location 1212 may be represented by a "+" or "-" mark at the corresponding location on the electrode image 1211. The brain electrical data retention scheme 1230 may include the number of times a trigger event is retained.
Through the setting of the program control report, program control record data of one time or a plurality of times can be presented, so that the user can be helped to review historical parameter adjusting data, and the change of a subsequent parameter scheme can be guided.
As described in detail with reference to fig. 1 to 12, the method for presenting neurostimulation electroencephalogram data according to the embodiment of the present application can provide a user with multi-angle neuroelectroencephalogram data by presenting a patient report interface and a data analysis interface respectively in corresponding modes, so as to provide a reliable data support for a doctor to provide a long-range diagnosis and treatment plan for the patient. In some embodiments, through the setting of the marking page, the characteristic marking of the electroencephalogram data can be realized, so that the information sharing and scientific research are facilitated. In other embodiments, the algorithm simulation page presents the algorithm simulation result, so that a user can visually see the simulation result of the electroencephalogram data, the diagnosis and treatment scheme can be more favorably formulated based on the algorithm simulation result displayed in an imaging mode, and the efficiency and the accuracy for formulating the stimulation scheme can be improved. In still other embodiments, the attack law statistical data can be presented to intuitively and accurately identify the attack law of the patient, so that the subsequent treatment scheme can be formulated in a targeted manner and the treatment effect can be evaluated. Having described the method of the embodiments of the present application, the product of the embodiments of the present application is described below.
FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram illustrating a system for presenting neurostimulated brain electrical data according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 13, the system 1300 may include: a display 1301; a processor 1302, which may be configured to: in response to entering the patient report presentation mode, the display 1301 is controlled to present a patient report interface, which may include a report list page, and at least one of the following report content may be displayed in a report content area of the report list page: seizure data for the patient's disease; and/or stimulation data relating to an electrical stimulation system secured to the brain of the patient; in response to entering the data analysis presentation mode, the display 1301 may be controlled to present a data analysis interface related to the brain electrical data acquired via the electrical stimulation system.
In one embodiment of the present application, the patient report interface may further include a report navigation page, and the processor 1302 may be further configured to: in response to entering the patient report interface, the display 1301 is controlled to present a report navigation page, which may include a quick navigation area for displaying navigation information for recently opened reports and a patient list area for displaying a list of patients meeting the first screening condition; in response to detection of a selection operation of the fast navigation area, the display 1301 is controlled to present a report list page, and report content corresponding to the navigation information is displayed in a report content area; in response to detection of a selection operation of any one of the patient information in the patient list, the display 1301 is controlled to present a report list page and display report contents of the corresponding patient in a report content area.
In another embodiment of the present application, the report list page may further include a report list area, the report list area may be used to display a report list satisfying the second filtering condition, and the processor 1302 may be further used to: in response to detection of a selection operation of any one of the report information in the report list, the display 1301 is controlled to display report content related to the report information in the report content area.
In yet another embodiment of the present application, the processor 1302 may be further configured to: one or more data in the report content is displayed graphically through the display 1301, and the seizure data may include at least one of seizure number statistics, and seizure regularity statistics; and the stimulation data may include at least one of stimulation times statistics, stimulation days statistics, and parametrical statistics of the electrical stimulation system.
In an embodiment of the present application, the episode law statistics may include a number of episodes of the disease within the same time interval for different time periods, and the processor 1302 may be further configured to: in response to the number of disease episodes within one or more of the same time intervals of the one or more time periods each being greater than a preset threshold, the display 1301 is controlled to highlight the statistics within the one or more of the same time intervals.
In another embodiment of the present application, the stimulation count statistics may include an average number of stimulations per hour per day per week and/or a number of stimulations per day per week over a preset time period; and/or the parameter tuning statistics may include at least one of: regulating the parameter times; the number of disease attacks after each time of ginseng adjustment; the using time after each parameter adjustment; detecting the scheme after each parameter adjustment; stimulation protocol after each parametrization.
In yet another embodiment of the present application, the processor 1302 may be further configured to: acquiring stimulation data via an electrical stimulation system; and determining at least one of the seizure data based on the stimulation data.
In an embodiment of the present application, the processor 1302 may be further configured to: in response to detecting a trigger operation on any data-corresponding image in the report content area, the display 1301 is controlled to present a data value corresponding to the image.
In another embodiment of the present application, the processor 1302 may be further configured to: in the patient report presentation mode, in response to detecting a switching operation to a page, the display 1301 is controlled to switch display in the patient report interface to at least one of the following pages: a case data page; an imaging data page; equipment and surgery information pages; a gauge evaluation page.
In yet another embodiment of the present application, the brain electrical data may include first brain electrical data recorded in real-time and/or second brain electrical data for saving a trigger event; the processor 1302 may be further configured to: the display 1301 is controlled to display a first electroencephalogram image of the first electroencephalogram data or a second electroencephalogram image of the second electroencephalogram data on a data analysis interface.
In yet another embodiment of the present application, the data analysis interface may include a brain electrical viewing page, and the processor 1302 may be further configured to: the display 1301 is controlled to display a preset time length window on the electroencephalogram checking page, and an electroencephalogram image of electroencephalogram data is displayed in the preset time length window; in response to detecting at least one of the following operations, correspondingly changing the electroencephalogram image presented within the preset time-length window: dragging the electroencephalogram image to move; selecting a previous section of electroencephalogram image of the current electroencephalogram data; selecting a next section of electroencephalogram image of the current electroencephalogram data; selecting the previous strip of electroencephalogram data; and selecting the next piece of electroencephalogram data.
In an embodiment of the application, the data analysis interface may further include an algorithm simulation page, and the processor 1302 may be further configured to: in response to entering the algorithm simulation page, the display 1301 is controlled to display an electroencephalogram image of the electroencephalogram data in an image display area of the algorithm simulation page; responding to the received simulation parameters input in the parameter setting area of the algorithm simulation page, and carrying out corresponding algorithm simulation on the electroencephalogram data of the electroencephalogram image presented in the image display area; and displaying the algorithm simulation result on the electroencephalogram image presented in the image display area.
In another embodiment of the present application, the data analysis interface may further include a markup page, and the processor 1302 may further be configured to: in response to entering the mark page, the display 1301 is controlled to present an electroencephalogram image of the electroencephalogram data in a mark area of the mark page; displaying a plurality of marking controls for presenting different style marks in a mark selection area of a marking page; and in response to detecting a selection operation of one or more marking controls, control the display 1301 to present a mark of a corresponding style at the operation position in accordance with the detected operation position in the mark region.
In yet another embodiment of the present application, the markup page can further include an autonomous markup input area, and the processor 1302 can be further configured to: in response to receiving input content in the autonomous marked input area, the display 1301 is controlled to present the input content at the operation position according to the detected operation position in the marked area.
In an embodiment of the application, the data analysis interface may further include a data list page, and the processor 1302 may further be configured to: in response to entering the data analysis interface, the display 1301 is controlled to present a data list page; responding to the detection of the selection operation of any one piece of electroencephalogram data in the data list page, entering an electroencephalogram viewing page, and presenting an electroencephalogram image of the electroencephalogram data in the electroencephalogram viewing page; and in response to detecting the marking operation on the marking page, displaying a marking identifier for representing marked electroencephalogram data at the corresponding electroencephalogram data presented in the data list page.
In another embodiment of the present application, the data analysis interface may further include a programmed report page, and the processor 1302 may be further configured to: in response to entering the programmed report page, the display 1301 is controlled to present programmed report content, wherein the programmed report content includes at least one of a detection scheme, a stimulation scheme, and an electroencephalogram data storage scheme of the electrical stimulation system.
In yet another embodiment of the present application, the processor 1302 may be further configured to: in the detection scheme and/or stimulation scheme presented by the display 1301, the display 1301 is controlled to present an electrode image representing stimulation electrodes in the electrical stimulation system performing detection parameters in the detection scheme and/or performing stimulation parameters in the stimulation scheme, and to display contact positions performing stimulation operations in the electrode image.
In an embodiment of the present application, the processor 1302 may be further configured to: control the display 1301 to display a skip button in the patient reporting interface; and in response to detecting a selection operation of the jump button, enter a data analysis presentation mode and present a data analysis interface of a corresponding patient in the patient report interface before the jump on the display 1301.
In another embodiment of the present application, the processor 1302 may be further configured to: in response to receiving the user's authentication information, entering a function selection interface, wherein the function selection interface may include a first function button for representing a patient report presentation mode and a second function button for representing a data analysis presentation mode; in response to detecting a selection operation of a first function button, entering the patient report presentation mode; and entering the data analysis presentation mode in response to detecting the selection operation of the second function button.
In yet another embodiment of the present application, the processor 1302 may be further configured to: according to the access right of the received identity authentication information, the display 1301 is controlled to selectively present a statistical analysis interface in a data analysis presentation mode; and presenting the first statistical result related to the patient data and/or the second statistical result related to the electrical stimulation system in an imaged form on the display 1301 in response to entering the statistical analysis interface.
In one embodiment of the present application, the electrical stimulation system may be an implantable electrical stimulation system and the brain electrical data may include local field potential data.
The system described above has been described in detail in the foregoing with reference to the method described in fig. 1 to 12, and will not be described again here.
In a third aspect of the present application, there is provided an apparatus for presenting neurostimulated brain electrical data, which may comprise: a processor; and a memory, which may store program instructions for presenting neurostimulation brain electrical data, which when executed by the processor, causes the processor to perform the method as described in any of fig. 1-12.
In a fourth aspect of the present application, there is provided a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon computer readable instructions for presenting neurostimulation brain electrical data, which, when executed by one or more processors, implement a method as described in any of fig. 1-12.
While various embodiments of the present application have been shown and described herein, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that such embodiments are provided by way of example only. Numerous modifications, changes, and substitutions will occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application. It should be understood that various alternatives to the embodiments of the application described herein may be employed in practicing the application. It is intended that the following claims define the scope of the application and that equivalents or alternatives within the scope of these claims be covered thereby.

Claims (24)

1. A method for presenting neurostimulated brain electrical data, comprising:
in response to entering a patient report presentation mode, presenting a patient report interface, the patient report interface including a report list page, and displaying at least one of the following report content in a report content area of the report list page:
seizure data for the patient's disease; and/or
Stimulation data relating to an electrical stimulation system secured to the brain of the patient;
presenting a data analysis interface related to brain electrical data acquired via the electrical stimulation system in response to entering a data analysis presentation mode.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the patient report interface further comprises a report navigation page, the method further comprising:
in response to entering a patient report interface, presenting a report navigation page, the report navigation page including a fast navigation area for displaying navigation information for recently opened reports and a patient list area for displaying a list of patients meeting a first screening condition;
in response to the detection of the selection operation of the quick navigation area, presenting a report list page, and displaying report content corresponding to the navigation information in the report content area;
and in response to detecting the selection operation of any patient information in the patient list, presenting a report list page and displaying the report content of the corresponding patient in the report content area.
3. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the report list page further comprises a report list area for displaying a report list satisfying a second filtering condition, the method further comprising:
in response to detecting a selection operation of any report information in the report list, report content related to the report information is displayed in the report content area.
4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
graphically displaying one or more data in the report content, and wherein the episode data comprises at least one of episode number statistics, and episode regularity statistics; and
the stimulation data comprises at least one of stimulation frequency statistical data, stimulation day statistical data and parameter adjusting statistical data of the electrical stimulation system.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein seizure regularity statistics comprise a number of seizures within the same time interval for different time periods, the method further comprising:
highlighting the statistical data in one or more same time intervals in response to the number of disease episodes in the one or more same time intervals of the one or more time periods each being greater than a preset threshold.
6. The method of claim 4, wherein
The stimulation frequency statistical data comprises the average daily stimulation frequency per hour in each week and/or the daily stimulation frequency in each week in a preset time period; and/or
The parameter adjustment statistical data comprises at least one of the following:
regulating the parameter times;
the number of disease attacks after each time of ginseng adjustment;
the using time after each parameter adjustment;
detecting the scheme after each parameter adjustment;
stimulation protocol after each parametrization.
7. The method of any of claims 1-6, further comprising:
acquiring the stimulation data via the electrical stimulation system; and
from the stimulation data, at least one of the episode data is determined.
8. The method of any of claims 4-7, further comprising:
and presenting data values corresponding to the images in response to detecting a triggering operation on any image corresponding to the data in the report content area.
9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
in response to detecting a switching operation to a page, in the patient report presentation mode, switching display in the patient report interface to at least one of:
a case data page;
an imaging data page;
device and surgical information pages;
a gauge evaluation page.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the brain electrical data comprises first brain electrical data recorded in real-time and/or second brain electrical data used to save a trigger event; the method further comprises:
and displaying a first electroencephalogram image of the first electroencephalogram data or a second electroencephalogram image of the second electroencephalogram data on the data analysis interface.
11. The method of claim 1, wherein the data analysis interface comprises a brain electrical viewing page, the method further comprising:
displaying a preset time window on the electroencephalogram viewing page, and displaying an electroencephalogram image of electroencephalogram data in the preset time window;
in response to detecting at least one of the following operations, correspondingly changing the electroencephalogram image presented within the preset duration window:
dragging the electroencephalogram image to move;
selecting a previous section of electroencephalogram image of the current electroencephalogram data;
selecting a next section of electroencephalogram image of the current electroencephalogram data;
selecting the previous strip of electroencephalogram data;
and selecting the next piece of electroencephalogram data.
12. The method of any of claims 1-11, wherein the data analysis interface further comprises an algorithmic simulation page, the method further comprising:
responding to the entering of the algorithm simulation page, and presenting the electroencephalogram image of the electroencephalogram data in an image display area of the algorithm simulation page;
responding to the received simulation parameters input in the parameter setting area of the algorithm simulation page, and carrying out corresponding algorithm simulation on the electroencephalogram data of the electroencephalogram image presented in the image display area; and
and displaying an algorithm simulation result on the electroencephalogram image presented in the image display area.
13. The method of any of claims 1-12, wherein the data analysis interface further comprises a tabbed page, the method further comprising:
responding to the entering of a mark page, and presenting the electroencephalogram image of the electroencephalogram data in a mark area of the mark page; displaying a plurality of mark controls for presenting different style marks in a mark selection area of the mark page; and
in response to detecting a selection operation of one or more marking controls, corresponding styles of marks are presented according to the detected operation positions in the mark areas.
14. The method of claim 13, wherein the tabbed page further comprises an autonomous tab input area, the method further comprising:
in response to receiving input content at the autonomous markup input area, presenting the input content according to the detected operation position in the markup area.
15. The method of claim 13 or 14, the data analysis interface further comprising a data listing page, the method further comprising:
presenting the data list page in response to entering a data analysis interface;
responding to the detected selection operation of any one piece of electroencephalogram data in the data list page, entering an electroencephalogram viewing page, and presenting an electroencephalogram image of the electroencephalogram data on the electroencephalogram viewing page; and
in response to detecting the marking operation on the marking page, displaying a marking identifier for representing marked at the corresponding electroencephalogram data presented in the data list page.
16. The method of claim 1, wherein the data analysis interface further comprises a programmed reporting page, the method further comprising:
presenting programmed report content in response to entering the programmed report page, wherein the programmed report content includes at least one of a detection scheme, a stimulation scheme, and an electroencephalogram data preservation scheme of the electrical stimulation system.
17. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
in the presented detection scheme and/or stimulation scheme, presenting an electrode image for representing stimulation electrodes in an electrical stimulation system performing detection parameters in the detection scheme and/or performing stimulation parameters in the stimulation scheme, and displaying contact positions performing stimulation operations in the electrode image.
18. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
displaying a skip button in the patient report interface; and
and in response to detecting the selection operation of the jump button, entering the data analysis presentation mode and presenting the data analysis interface of the corresponding patient in the patient report interface before jumping.
19. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
in response to receiving authentication information of a user, entering a function selection interface, wherein the function selection interface comprises a first function button for representing a patient report presentation mode and a second function button for representing a data analysis presentation mode;
in response to detecting a selection operation of a first function button, entering the patient report presentation mode;
and entering the data analysis presentation mode in response to detecting the selection operation of the second function button.
20. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
selectively presenting a statistical analysis interface in the data analysis presentation mode according to the access authority of the received identity authentication information; and
in response to entering the statistical analysis interface, the first statistical result related to the patient data and/or the second statistical result related to the electrical stimulation system is presented in an imaged form.
21. The method of claim 1, wherein the electrical stimulation system is an implantable electrical stimulation system, the brain electrical data comprising local field potential data.
22. A system for presenting neurostimulated brain electrical data, comprising:
a display;
a processor to:
in response to entering a patient report presentation mode, controlling the display to present a patient report interface, the patient report interface including a report list page, and displaying at least one of the following report content in a report content area of the report list page:
seizure data for the patient's disease; and/or
Stimulation data relating to an electrical stimulation system secured to the brain of the patient;
in response to entering a data analysis presentation mode, controlling the display to present a data analysis interface related to brain electrical data acquired via the electrical stimulation system.
23. An apparatus for presenting neurostimulated brain electrical data, comprising:
a processor; and
a memory storing program instructions for presenting neurostimulation brain electrical data, which when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform the method of any of claims 1-21.
24. A computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon computer-readable instructions for presenting neurostimulation brain electrical data, which when executed by one or more processors, implement the method of any of claims 1-21.
CN202211321171.5A 2022-10-26 2022-10-26 Method for presenting neurostimulation electroencephalographic data and related product Pending CN115662563A (en)

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