CN115662159A - Signal phase scheme selection and timing method for road intersection lane distribution characteristics - Google Patents
Signal phase scheme selection and timing method for road intersection lane distribution characteristics Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a signal phase scheme selection and timing method for road intersection lane distribution characteristics, which belongs to the field of urban road traffic signal control and comprises the steps of establishing an intersection classification standard by taking the driving direction of each entrance lane as an object, classifying the current intersection; providing a signal phase scheme suitable for the channelized design of the intersection, and timing the signal phase scheme to generate each phase and finally display the green light duration; the invention saves a large amount of manpower and material resources by classifying the intersections and providing corresponding optimization schemes, and simultaneously plays a role in improving the problems of the unmatched signal phase schemes and the unreasonable signal timing of the intersections.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention relates to the field of urban road traffic signal control, in particular to a signal phase scheme selection and timing method for road intersection lane distribution characteristics.
Background art:
with the rapid development of cities, the quantity of retained automobiles is increased day by day, the urban traffic problem is highlighted day by day, and intersections serve as important nodes of urban roads and play a key role in the diversion task of intersection traffic. At present, urban intersections in China are basically guided and managed by using signal lamps, and intersections without signal control only occupy a small part of the intersections, so that a reasonable signal control scheme has very important functions of guiding the traffic flow, improving the running efficiency of the intersections and reducing traffic jam. However, a lot of intersections still exist in cities in China, and the defects of incorrect intersection canalization, unmatched signal phase schemes, unreasonable signal timing and the like exist.
The defects cause the problems of low traffic efficiency at urban intersections, serious road traffic jam, frequent traffic accidents and the like. At present, most of urban intersection improvement methods are manually investigated on site to find problems of canalization, signal phase and signal timing existing at intersections, an optimization scheme is then provided, and a scheme is executed through a signal machine. When the intersections are investigated and optimized, a large amount of manpower and material resources are consumed. Therefore, there is a need for a system and method capable of automatically identifying the canalization problem existing in the intersection through the current situation of the intersection and providing a corresponding optimization scheme.
The invention content is as follows:
in order to make up for the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a signal phase scheme selection and timing method for the lane distribution characteristics of a road intersection, which can realize the type division of the current intersection according to the driving direction of each entrance lane of the current intersection and the established intersection type division standard, so as to select an intersection signal phase scheme, and solve the problem that the prior art needs manual field investigation in the intersection improvement process; and a signal phase scheme is optimized according to the actual situation, signal timing is improved, so that the intersection and a signal control scheme are adapted as much as possible, congestion and conflict are reduced, the overall traffic capacity of the intersection is improved, and the problem that the intersection improvement method needs manual work and is researched now is solved.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the signal phase scheme selection and timing method for the road intersection lane distribution characteristics comprises the following steps:
(1) Establishing a standard for classifying the types of intersections by taking the driving direction of each entrance way as an object;
(2) Acquiring the driving direction of each entrance way of the current intersection, and performing category division on the current intersection according to the intersection category division standard in the step (1);
(3) Judging the rationality of channelized design of the intersection according to the type category of the current intersection, providing a signal phase scheme suitable for the channelized design of the intersection, and selecting any one suitable signal phase scheme;
(4) Calculating the phase full red time according to the length of each crosswalk at each entrance lane of the intersection;
(5) For an intersection with traffic flow data, collecting historical traffic flow data of the intersection, calculating the sum of the periodic flow ratios, giving a threshold value of the periodic flow ratios, when the periodic flow ratios are smaller than the threshold value, timing according to a Webster method, checking the shortest green light duration of each phase, and generating the green light duration displayed by each phase finally; when the periodic flow ratio is larger than the threshold value, improving the design of the current cross inlet channel, and returning to the step (2);
for intersections without traffic flow data, according to other similar intersections with historical flow data, a peak-to-average coefficient and a peak-to-peak coefficient are obtained, signal timing in low peak, peak-to-average and peak periods is solved by using the pedestrian crosswalk length and pedestrian crossing speed of each entrance way of the intersections, and each phase is generated to finally display green light time.
In the step (2), the types of the current intersection are divided, specifically as follows:
the serial numbers of lanes of each entrance way of the intersection are gradually increased from the inner side of the road to the outer side of the road; the judgment standard for dividing the intersection types is as follows:
the intersection east or west entrance comprises a straight-going and left-turning shared lane and a straight-going and turning shared lane, and is regarded as a feature 1;
the intersection east or west import has a left-turn lane number, a U-turn lane number, or the number of the common lane containing the left-turn or U-turn function is greater than that of the straight lane or the common lane containing the straight function, and is regarded as a feature 2;
the intersection south or north entrance comprises a straight-going and left-turning shared lane and a straight-going and turning-around shared lane, and is regarded as a feature 3;
the south-east or north entrance of the intersection has a left-turn lane number, a U-turn lane number, or the number of a common lane containing a left-turn or U-turn function is greater than that of a straight lane or a common lane containing a straight function, and the intersection is regarded as a feature 4;
and (3) dividing the current intersection into 16 types according to whether the 4 characteristics exist in the passing direction of each entrance lane of the current intersection.
The signal phase scheme in step (3) comprises:
Wherein, a 1 、a 5 Are respectively east-oriented straight-going and west-oriented straight-going, a 2 、a 6 Respectively east left turn, west left turn, a 3 、a 7 Respectively a south straight going and a north straight going, a 4 、a 8 Respectively a south left turn and a north left turn.
The signal phase scheme selection method in the step (3) is as follows:
(4.1) if features 2 and 4 are present, features 1 and 3 are not present, scheme 1 is used;
(4.2) if features 2 and 3 are present, feature 1 is not present, using scheme 2;
(4.3) if features 1 and 4 are present, feature 3 is not present, using scheme 3;
(4.4) if features 1 and 3 are present, using scheme 4;
(4.5) if feature 1 is present, features 3 and 4 are not present, using either scheme 3 or scheme 4;
(4.6) if feature 2 is present, features 1, 3 and 4 are not present, using either scheme 1 or scheme 2;
(4.7) if feature 3 is present, features 1 and 2 are not present, using either option 2 or option 4;
(4.8) if feature 4 is present, features 1, 2 and 3 are not present, using either scheme 1 or scheme 3;
(4.9) if none of features 1, 2, 3 and 4 are present, either scheme 1 or scheme 2 or scheme 3 or scheme 4 is used.
The phase full red time is calculated in the step (4), and the method comprises the following steps:
(5.1) judgment of max (L) ps ,L pn )＜L l If true, R sn =0; otherwise, judging L l ≤max(L ps ,L pn )≤L h Whether or not to be established, and if so,
otherwise R sn ＝R max (ii) a Wherein L is ps ,L pn Respectively a south-north imported pedestrian crossingA length; r sn The duration is the full red in the north-south direction; l is l Setting a minimum length threshold of the full red time; l is h Setting a length threshold of the maximum full red duration; tau is the length required for increasing the unit red light duration; r max Is the maximum full red duration threshold;
(5.2) judging max (L) pe ,L pw )＜L l If true, R ew =0; otherwise, judge L l ≤max(L pe ,L pw )≤L h Whether or not to be established, and if so,
otherwise R ew ＝R max (ii) a Wherein L is pe ,L pw The lengths of the pedestrian crossings of the east-west import are respectively; r ew Is the east-west full red duration;
(5.3) obtaining all red duration, R, of each phase of each signal phase scheme i1 ＝R sn ，R i2 ＝R sn ，R i3 ＝R ew ，R i4 ＝R ew (ii) a Wherein R is i1 、R i2 、R i3 、R i4 The full red duration of each phase of the ith signal phase scheme.
In the step (5), timing is carried out on the intersection with the traffic flow data according to a Webster method, and the specific steps are as follows:
(6.1) calculating the signal loss time length L by using the formula (1);
in the formula (1), L s Time lost for startup; i is a green light time interval, including a yellow light and a full red time; a is the duration of a yellow light; k is the number of green light intervals in one period;
(6.2) calculating the sum of the periodic flow ratios Y by the equation (2) i Judgment of Y i ≤Y 0 ，Y 0 If the threshold value of the periodic flow ratio is established, the next step is carried out; otherwise, improving the design of the entrance lane of the current intersection and returning to the stepStep (2);
in the formula (2), Y i Respective maximum flow ratio y for all signal phases constituting a cycle j The sum of the values; i is a signal phase scheme; j is the number of phases in a cycle; y is jn The flow ratio of the nth flow direction in the j phase; q. q of djn Design traffic volume for nth flow direction in jth phase; s djn Designing a saturation flow for the nth flow direction in the j phase;
(6.3) calculating the optimum Signal cycle duration C using equation (3) i Judgment of C i ≤C 0 If true, take C i ＝C 0 In which C is 0 Is a maximum cycle duration threshold;
(6.4) calculating the Total effective Green light time period G using equation (4) ei ；
G ei ＝C i -L (4)
In the formula (4), G ei A total effective green time for the ith signal phase scheme;
(6.5) calculating the effective green time period g for each phase by using the equation (5) eij ；
In the formula (5), g eij An effective green duration for a jth phase of the ith signal phase scheme;
(6.6) calculating the Green time g of each phase display by using the equation (6) ij ；
g ij ＝g eij -A+L s (6)
In the formula (6), g ij Displaying a green time duration for the jth phase of the ith signal phase scheme;
(6.7) Using equation (7), the shortest green light period g in each direction is calculated dmin ；
In the formula (7), g dmin D, the shortest green light time for crossing the street of the entrance way; d is an entrance way in the southeast, northwest directions; l is pd D, the length of the pedestrian crossing the street in the entrance way; v. of p The average pace speed of the pedestrians crossing the street is obtained.
In the step (5), for the intersection with traffic flow data, checking the shortest green light duration of each phase, specifically as follows:
if the signal phase scheme selected in the step (2) is scheme 1, checking the shortest green light time of the signal phase scheme 1, and generating the final display green light time g 'of each phase' 11 、g′ 12 、g′ 13 、g′ 14 (ii) a Wherein g' 11 ＝max(g 11 ,g smin ,g nmin )，g′ 12 ＝max(g 12 ,g dx )，g′ 13 ＝max(g 13 ,g emin ,g wmin )，g′ 14 ＝max(g 14 ,g nb )，g emin Green light duration of shortest crossing in east entry lane, g wmin Green light duration of shortest street crossing of west entrance lane, g smin Green light duration, g, for shortest crossing of a south entry road nmin The shortest street-crossing green light duration of the north entrance road, g dx Left-turn shortest green time for things with historical traffic, where g dx = alpha, alpha is the time threshold of the shortest left turn green light of the east-west with historical traffic volume, g nb The shortest green time for left turn in north and south of historical traffic, wherein g nb β, which is a shortest green light time threshold value for north-south left-turn of historical traffic;
if the signal phase scheme selected in the step (2) is the scheme 2, checking the shortest green light time of the signal phase scheme 2, and generating the final display green light time g 'of each phase' 21 、g' 22 、g' 23 、g' 24 (ii) a Wherein g' 21 ＝max(g 21 ,g smin ,g nmin )，g' 22 ＝max(g 22 ,g dx )，g' 23 ＝max(g 23 ,g emin )，g' 24 ＝max(g 24 ,g wmin )；
If the signal phase scheme selected in the step (2) is scheme 3, checking the shortest green light time of the signal phase scheme 3, and generating the final display green light time g 'of each phase' 31 、g' 32 、g' 33 、g' 34 (ii) a Wherein g' 31 ＝max(g 31 ,g nmin )，g' 32 ＝max(g 32 ,g smin )，g' 33 ＝max(g 33 ,g emin ,g wmin )，g' 34 ＝max(g 34 ,g nb )；
If the signal phase scheme selected in the step (2) is scheme 4, checking the shortest green light time of the signal phase scheme 4, and generating the final display green light time g 'of each phase' 41 、g' 42 、g' 43 、g' 44 (ii) a Wherein g' 41 ＝max(g 41 ,g nmin )，g' 42 ＝max(g 42 ,g smin )，g' 43 ＝max(g 43 ,g emin )，g' 44 ＝max(g 44 ,g wmin )。
For the intersection without traffic flow data in the step (5), solving a signal timing scheme at low peak, flat peak and peak time period according to the pedestrian crosswalk length and pedestrian crossing length of each entrance lane of the intersection, and specifically comprising the following steps:
(8.1) the shortest green light duration g in each direction is calculated by the equation (7) dmin ；
(8.2) if the signal phase scheme selected in the step (2) is scheme 1, obtaining the duration g 'of low-peak display green light' l11 、g′ l12 、g′ l13 、g′ l14 Wherein g' l11 ＝max(g smin ,g nmin )，g′ l12 ＝g ewmin ，g′ l13 ＝max(g emin ,g wmin )，g′ l14 ＝g snmin ；g ewmin Left-turn shortest green time for things with no historical traffic, where g ewmin = gamma, gamma being the threshold value of the duration of the east-west left-turn shortest green light without historical traffic volume, g snmin The shortest green time for north-south left turn without history traffic, wherein g snmin λ, where λ is a shortest green light time threshold for north-south left-turn without historical traffic;
if the signal phase scheme selected in the step (2) is scheme 2, obtaining the duration g 'of the low-peak display green light' l21 、g′ l22 、g′ l23 、g′ l24 Of which g' l21 ＝max(g smin ,g nmin )，g′ l22 ＝g′ ewmin ，g′ l23 ＝g′ emin ，g′ l24 ＝g wmin ；
If the signal phase scheme selected in the step (2) is scheme 3, obtaining the duration g 'of the low-peak display green light' l31 、g′ l32 、g′ l33 、g′ l34 Wherein g' l31 ＝g nmin ，g′ l32 ＝g smin ，g′ l33 ＝max(g emin ,g wmin )，g′ l34 ＝g′ snmin ；
If the signal phase scheme selected in the step (2) is scheme 4, obtaining the duration g 'of the low-peak display green lamp' l41 、g′ l42 、g′ l43 、g′ l44 Wherein g' l41 ＝g nmin ，g′ l42 ＝g smin ，g′ l43 ＝g emin ，g′ l44 ＝g wmin ；
(8.3) calculating the Flat Peak display Green Lamp time period g 'by the equation (8)' fij ；
g′ fij ＝g′ lij ×w f (8)
In the formula (8), g' fij The peak-flat green light time length of each phase under different signal phase schemes; w is a f The peak-off coefficient is a value-taking range which can be determined according to other similar intersections with historical flow data;
(8.4) calculating the peak display Green light time period g 'by the equation (9)' hij ；
g′ hij ＝g′ lij ×w h (9)
In formula (9), g' hij Peak green time duration for each phase under different signal phase schemes; w is a h Determining a value range for the peak coefficient according to other similar intersections with historical flow data;
(8.5) generating a display green light time period for each phase period, wherein the low peak time is g' lij In the mean peak, is g' fij G 'at peak' hij 。
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention establishes a division standard for the types of the intersections, judges which type of intersection the intersection belongs to according to the driving direction of each entrance way of the current intersection, provides a suitable signal phase scheme, and achieves the effect of adapting the intersection and the signal control scheme to a higher degree when any one signal phase scheme is subjected to signal timing.
2. According to the actual setting condition of the pedestrian crosswalk at the intersection entrance lane, the invention considers the pedestrian street-crossing traffic mode at the intersection, provides the full red time of the intersection, takes the pedestrian street-crossing traffic mode as one of the considered factors, and improves the rationality of signal control.
3. According to the method, in the signal timing process, under the condition that historical traffic flow data exist, timing is carried out according to a Webster method, under the condition that no historical traffic flow data exist, a flat peak coefficient and a peak coefficient are obtained according to other similar intersections with historical traffic flow data, and each phase is generated to finally display the green light time; the timing method can avoid errors and subjective experience judgment when signal schemes are improved manually, obtain more accurate calculated values and save manpower and material resources.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the flow distribution of the intersection approach of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a flow chart of signal phase scheme selection according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a combined schematic diagram of the distribution of different lanes of each entrance lane of the intersection of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a flow chart of a signal timing optimization method for an intersection with traffic flow data according to the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a signal timing flowchart of an intersection without traffic flow data according to the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of different signal phase schemes at an intersection according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of different signal phase schemes at an intersection according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, the invention discloses a signal phase scheme selection and timing method for road intersection lane distribution characteristics, which specifically comprises the following steps:
as shown in fig. 2, four sets of signal phase schemes are provided, depending on the intersection lane profile characteristics, wherein,
Wherein a is 1 、a 5 Are respectively east-oriented straight-going and west-oriented straight-going, a 2 、a 6 Are east to left turn and west respectivelyTurning to the left, a 3 、a 7 Respectively a south-going straight-going and a north-going straight-going 4 、a 8 Respectively a south left turn and a north left turn.
Fig. 3 is a signal phase scheme selection flowchart of the present invention, in which the number of each lane entering the intersection increases from the inner side to the outer side of the road; the intersection east or west entrance comprises a straight-going and left-turning shared lane and a straight-going and turning shared lane, and is regarded as a feature 1;
the intersection east or west import has a left-turn lane number, a U-turn lane number, or the number of the common lane containing the left-turn or U-turn function is greater than that of the straight lane or the common lane containing the straight function, and is regarded as a feature 2;
the intersection south entrance or north entrance comprises a straight-going and left-turning shared lane and a straight-going and turning-around shared lane, and is regarded as a feature 3;
the south-east or north entrance of the intersection has a left-turn lane number, a U-turn lane number, or the number of a common lane containing a left-turn or U-turn function is greater than that of a straight lane or a common lane containing a straight function, and the intersection is regarded as a feature 4;
fig. 3 is described in detail with reference to fig. 4, in which the 16 intersection lane-entering driving direction states shown in fig. 4 are only one of 4 cases of presence or absence of the driving direction state of the lane.
(1) If the condition 1 exists, the condition 2 exists, the condition 3 exists and the condition 4 exists, unreasonable channeling in the east-west direction and the north-south direction is prompted, and signal phase combination design is carried out according to the scheme 4;
(2) If the condition 1 exists, the condition 2 exists, the condition 3 exists and the condition 4 does not exist, the unreasonable channeling in the east-west direction is prompted, and signal phase combination design is carried out according to the scheme 4;
(3) If the condition 1 exists, the condition 2 exists, the condition 3 does not exist and the condition 4 exists, the unreasonable channeling in the east-west direction is prompted, and signal phase combination design is carried out according to the scheme 3;
(4) If the condition 1 exists, the condition 2 exists, the condition 3 does not exist and the condition 4 does not exist, the fact that the channel formation in the east-west direction is unreasonable is prompted, and signal phase combination design is carried out according to the scheme 3 or the scheme 4;
(5) If the condition 1 exists, the condition 2 does not exist, the condition 3 exists and the condition 4 exists, it is suggested that the cannelization in the north-south direction is unreasonable, and signal phase combination design is carried out according to the scheme 4;
(6) If the case 1 exists, the case 2 does not exist, the case 3 exists and the case 4 does not exist, signal phase combination design is carried out according to the scheme 4;
(7) If the case 1 exists, the case 2 does not exist, the case 3 does not exist and the case 4 exists, designing the signal phase combination according to the scheme 3;
(8) If the case 1 exists, the case 2 does not exist, the case 3 does not exist and the case 4 does not exist, signal phase combination design is carried out according to the scheme 3 or the scheme 4;
(9) If the condition 1 does not exist, the condition 2 exists, the condition 3 exists and the condition 4 exists, the fact that the cannelization in the north-south direction is unreasonable is prompted, and signal phase combination design is carried out according to the scheme 2;
(10) If the case 1 does not exist, the case 2 exists, the case 3 exists and the case 4 does not exist, signal phase combination design is carried out according to the scheme 2;
(11) If the case 1 does not exist, the case 2 exists, the case 3 does not exist and the case 4 exists, signal phase combination design is carried out according to the scheme 1;
(12) If the case 1 does not exist, the case 2 exists, the case 3 does not exist and the case 4 does not exist, signal phase combination design is carried out according to the scheme 1 or the scheme 2;
(13) If the condition 1 does not exist, the condition 2 does not exist, the condition 3 exists and the condition 4 exists, the unreasonable cannelization in the north-south direction is prompted, and signal phase combination design is carried out according to the scheme 2 or the scheme 4;
(14) If the case 1 does not exist, the case 2 does not exist, the case 3 exists and the case 4 does not exist, signal phase combination design is carried out according to the scheme 2 or the scheme 4;
(15) If the case 1 does not exist, the case 2 does not exist, the case 3 does not exist and the case 4 exists, signal phase combination design is carried out according to the scheme 1 or the scheme 3;
(16) If case 1 does not exist, case 2 does not exist, case 3 does not exist, and case 4 does not exist, signal phase combination design is performed according to scheme 1 or scheme 2 or scheme 3 or scheme 4.
As shown in fig. 5 and 6, the signal timing optimization method of the present invention will be described in detail.
And 2, calculating the phase full red time according to the pedestrian crossing setting condition of each entrance lane at the intersection.
Step 2.1 judge max (L) ps ,L pn )＜L l Whether or not, if true, R sn =0; otherwise, judging L l ≤max(L ps ,L pn )≤L h Whether or not to be established, and if so,
otherwise R sn ＝R max (ii) a Wherein L is ps ,L pn The lengths of the pedestrian crossings of the north-south import are respectively; r sn The duration is the full red in the north-south direction; l is l Setting a minimum length threshold of the full red time; l is a radical of an alcohol h Setting a length threshold of the maximum full red duration; tau is the length required for increasing the unit red light duration;
is a rounded up symbol; r max A maximum full red duration threshold;
step 2.2 judge max (L) pe ,L pw )＜L l Whether or not, if true, R ew =0; otherwise, judging L l ≤max(L pe ,L pw )≤L h Whether or not to be established, and if so,
otherwise R ew ＝R max (ii) a Wherein L is pe ,L pw The lengths of the pedestrian crosswalks of the east-west import are respectively; r ew East China isA western full red duration;
step 2.3 obtaining all red duration R of each phase of each signal phase scheme i1 ＝R sn ，R i2 ＝R sn ，R i3 ＝R ew ，R i4 ＝R ew (ii) a Wherein R is i1 、R i2 、R i3 、R i4 The full red duration of each phase of the ith signal phase scheme.
step 4.1, calculating the signal loss time length L by using the formula (1);
in the formula (1), L s Lost time for startup; i is a green light time interval, including a yellow light and a full red time; a is the duration of a yellow light; k is the number of green light intervals in one period;
step 4.2 calculating the sum of the periodic flow ratios Y using equation (2) i Judgment of Y i ≤Y 0 ，Y 0 If the threshold value of the periodic flow ratio is established, the next step is carried out; otherwise, improving the design of the entrance lane of the current intersection and executing the step 1;
y in the formula (2) i Respective maximum flow ratios y for all signal phases constituting a cycle j The sum of the values; i is a signal phase scheme; j is the number of phases in a cycle; y is jn The flow ratio of the nth flow direction in the j phase; q. q of djn Design traffic volume for nth flow direction in jth phase; s. the djn Designing a saturation flow for the nth flow direction in the j phase;
step 4.3 Using the formula (3) meterCalculating the optimum signal period duration C i Judgment of C i ≤C 0 If true, take C i ＝C 0 In which C is 0 Is the optimal signal period duration threshold;
step 4.4 calculate the total effective green time G using equation (4) ei ；
G ei ＝C i -L (4)
In the formula (4), G ei A total effective green time for the ith signal phase scheme;
step 4.5 calculating the effective green duration g for each phase using equation (5) eij ；
In the formula (5), g eij An effective green duration for the jth phase of the ith signal phase scheme;
step 4.6 calculate the green time g of each phase display by using the formula (6) ij ；
g ij ＝g eij -A+L s (6)
In the formula (6), g ij Displaying the green light time length of the jth phase of the ith signal phase scheme;
step 4.7 calculate g for the shortest green time in each direction using equation (7) dmin And executing the step 5;
in the formula (7), g dmin D, the shortest green light time for crossing the street of the entrance way; d is an entrance way in the southeast, northwest directions; l is pd D, the length of the pedestrian crossing the street in the entrance way; v. of p For pedestrians to cross streetStep speed;
step 5.1 checking the shortest green time of the signal phase scheme 1, and generating the final display green time g of each phase 1 ' 1 、g 1 ' 2 、g 1 ' 3 、g 1 ' 4 (ii) a Wherein g is 1 ' 1 ＝max(g 11 ,g smin ,g nmin )，g 1 ' 2 ＝max(g 12 ,g dx )，g 1 ' 3 ＝max(g 13 ,g emin ,g wmin )，g 1 ' 4 ＝max(g 14 ,g nb )，g emin Green light duration of shortest crossing in east entry lane, g wmin Green light duration of shortest street crossing of west entrance lane, g smin The shortest street-crossing green light duration of the south entry road, g nmin The shortest street-crossing green light duration of the north entrance road, g dx Left-turn shortest green time for something with historical traffic, wherein g dx = alpha, alpha is the time threshold of the shortest green light turning left of the east and west with historical traffic volume, g nb The shortest green time for turning left to south of historical traffic, wherein g nb = beta, beta is the time length threshold of south-north left-turning shortest green light with historical traffic;
step 5.2 checks the shortest green time of the signal phase scheme 2 and generates the final display green time g 'of each phase' 21 、g' 22 、g' 23 、g' 24 (ii) a Wherein g' 21 ＝max(g 21 ,g smin ,g nmin )，g' 22 ＝max(g 22 ,g dx )，g' 23 ＝max(g 23 ,g emin )，g' 24 ＝max(g 24 ,g wmin )；
Step 5.3 checks the shortest green time of signal phase scheme 3 and generates the final display green time g 'for each phase' 31 、g' 32 、g' 33 、g' 34 (ii) a Wherein g' 31 ＝max(g 31 ,g nmin )，g' 32 ＝max(g 32 ,g smin )，g' 33 ＝max(g 33 ,g emin ,g wmin )，g' 34 ＝max(g 34 ,g nb )；
Step 5.4 checks the shortest green time of signal phase scheme 4 and generates the final display green time g 'for each phase' 41 、g' 42 、g' 43 、g' 44 (ii) a Wherein g' 41 ＝max(g 41 ,g nmin )，g' 42 ＝max(g 42 ,g smin )，g' 43 ＝max(g 43 ,g emin )，g' 44 ＝max(g 44 ,g wmin )。
step 6.1 calculate the shortest green time in each direction g using equation (7) dmin ；
Step 6.2, judging whether the signal phase scheme is that scheme 1 is established or not, and if so, obtaining the duration g 'of low-peak display green light' l11 、g′ l12 、g′ l13 、g′ l14 And executing step 6.6; wherein g' l11 ＝max(g smin ,g nmin )，g′ l12 ＝g ewmin ，g′ l13 ＝max(g emin ,g wmin )，g′ l14 ＝g snmin (ii) a Otherwise, executing step 6.3;
step 6.3, judging whether the signal phase scheme is the scheme 2, if so, obtaining the low-peak display green light time length g' l21 、g′ l22 、g′ l23 、g′ l24 And executing step 6.6; wherein g' l21 ＝max(g smin ,g nmin )，g′ l22 ＝g ewmin ，g′ l23 ＝g emin ，g′ l24 ＝g wmin (ii) a Otherwise, executing step 6.4;
step 6.4, judging whether the signal phase scheme is the scheme 3, if so, obtaining the low-peak display green light time length g' l31 、g′ l32 、g′ l33 、g′ l34 And executing step 6.6; wherein g' l31 ＝g nmin ，g′ l32 ＝g smin ，g′ l33 ＝max(g emin ,g wmin )，g′ l34 ＝g snmin (ii) a Otherwise, executing step 6.5;
step 6.5 obtaining duration g 'of low-peak display green light' l41 、g′ l42 、g′ l43 、g′ l44 And executing step 6.6; wherein g' l41 ＝g nmin ，g′ l42 ＝g smin ，g′ l43 ＝g emin ，g′ l44 ＝g wmin ；
Step 6.6 calculation of Flat Peak display Green light time period g 'Using equation (8)' fij ；
g′ fij ＝g′ lij ×w f (8)
In the formula (8), g' fij The peak-flat green light time length of each phase under different signal phase schemes; w is a f The value range can be determined according to other similar intersections with historical flow data for the peak-balancing coefficient;
step 6.7 calculating the Peak display Green light time period g 'Using equation (9)' hij ；
g′ hij ＝g′ lij ×w h (9)
In the formula (8), g' hij The peak green time of each phase under different signal phase schemes; w is a h Determining a value range for the peak coefficient according to other similar intersections with historical flow data;
step 6.8 of generating display green light time length of each phase time interval, wherein the low peak time is g' lij In the mean peak, is g' fij G 'at peak time' hij 。
The first embodiment is as follows: as shown in fig. 7, the signal timing scheme when the signal phase scheme is the scheme 1 in the case of no traffic flow data is solved by combining with fig. 5. In this example, there is no historical traffic flow data, and the crosswalk length L in each entrance way direction p Are all 20m, and a minimum length threshold L of the full red time is set l =15m, length threshold L for maximum full red duration is set h =30m pedestrian crossing speed v p =1m/s, yellow lamp duration a =3s, length τ =5m/s required for increasing unit full red duration, duration threshold γ =15s for east-west left turn shortest green lamp, duration threshold λ =15s for north-south left turn shortest green lamp, and flat peak coefficient w f =1.5, high peak coefficient w h ＝2.1。
The number of the left-turn lanes of the east entrance and the north entrance is larger than that of the straight lane, the number of the left-turn lanes of the south entrance and the west entrance is smaller than that of the straight lane, and the design can be carried out according to the scheme 1 according to the distribution condition of the lanes of each entrance.
The calculation is according to scenario 1 in the case of no traffic flow data in fig. 5.
(1) The phase full red time(s) is calculated,
max(L ps ,L pn )＝20，max(L pe ,L pw )＝20，
(2) According to the formula (7) the shortest green duration(s),
east street crossing:
west crossing street:
street crossing at the south:
street crossing at north:
(3) Calculating the low peak display green duration(s),
g′ l11 ＝max(g smin ,g nmin )＝23，g′ l12 ＝15，g′ l13 ＝max(g emin ,g wmin )＝23，g′ l14 ＝15；
(4) Calculating the flat peak display green light time(s) according to the formula (8),
g′ f11 ＝g′ l11 ×w f ＝23×1.5≈35，
g′ f12 ＝g′ l12 ×w f ＝15×1.5≈23，
g′ f13 ＝g′ l13 ×w f ＝23×1.5≈35，
g′ f14 ＝g′ l14 ×w f ＝15×1.5≈23；
(5) Calculating the peak display green time(s) according to the formula (9),
g′ h11 ＝g′ l11 ×w h ＝23×2.1≈48，
g′ h12 ＝g′ l12 ×w h ＝15×2.1≈32，
g′ h13 ＝g′ l13 ×w h ＝23×2.1≈48，
g′ h14 ＝g′ l14 ×w h ＝15×2.1≈32；
(6) Outputting the green light display time length of each phase in the low, flat and peak periods,
a first phase: 23s, 35s, 48s,
second phase: 15s, 23s, 32s,
the third phase: 23s, 35s, 48s,
and a fourth phase: 15s, 23s, 32s.
The second embodiment: as shown in fig. 8, the signal timing scheme when the signal phase scheme is the scheme 2 in the case of historical traffic flow data is solved in conjunction with fig. 6. In the example, the saturated flow of the straight lane of the intersection is 1250 vehicles/h, the saturated flow of the left-turning lane is 1200 vehicles/h, and the saturated flow of the straight left lane is 1200 vehicles/h. Wherein the designed flow rates of the east inlet straight lane and the left-turn lane are respectively 220/h and 160/h, the designed flow rates of the west inlet straight lane and the north inlet left-turn lane are respectively 240/h,The design flow of the straight lane at the south entrance is 250 vehicles/h, and the design flow of the straight left lane is 200 vehicles/h. Length L of pedestrian crossing in each entrance way direction p Are all 20m, and a minimum length threshold L of the full red time is set l =15m, length threshold L for maximum full red duration is set h =30m pedestrian crossing speed v p =1m/s, the length τ =5m/s required to increase the unit full red duration, the yellow light duration a =3s, the east-west left-turn shortest green light duration threshold α =10s, and the north-south left-turn shortest green light duration threshold β =10s.
Wherein the east import left turn lane number is greater than the through lane number, north import and west import left turn lane number are less than the through lane number, south import has the through left lane, lane number is less than the through lane. The design can be carried out according to scheme 2 according to the lane distribution condition of each inlet.
The scenario 2 calculation with flow data is according to fig. 5.
(1) The phase full red time(s) is calculated,
max(L ps ,L pn )＝20，max(L pe ,L pw )＝20，
(2) Calculating a signal loss duration(s) according to equation (1),
(3) The sum of the periodic flow ratios is calculated according to equation (2),
(4) Calculating the optimal signal period duration(s) according to the formula (3),
(5) The total effective green time(s) is calculated according to equation (4),
G e2 ＝C 2 -L＝110-16＝94；
(6) Calculating the effective green light time(s) of each phase according to the formula (5),
(7) Calculating the green light display time(s) of each phase according to the formula (6),
g 21 ＝g e21 -A+L s ＝25-3+3＝25，
g 22 ＝g e22 -A+L s ＝19-3+3＝19，
g 23 ＝g e23 -A+L s ＝25-3+3＝25，
g 24 ＝g e24 -A+L s ＝25-3+3＝25；
(8) The shortest green time(s) in each direction is calculated according to the formula (7),
east street crossing:
west crossing street:
south portStreet crossing:
street crossing at the north of China:
(9) Checking the shortest green light time length and generating final display green light time length(s), g 'of each phase' 21 ＝max(g 21 ,g smin ,g nmin )＝25，g' 22 ＝max(g 22 ,g dx )＝max(g 22 ,α)＝19，g' 23 ＝max(g 23 ,g emin )＝25，g' 24 ＝max(g 24 ,g wmin )＝25。
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. The signal phase scheme selection and timing method for the road intersection lane distribution characteristics is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Establishing a standard for classifying the types of intersections by taking the driving direction of each entrance way as an object;
(2) Acquiring the driving direction of each entrance way of the current intersection, and performing category division on the current intersection according to the intersection category division standard in the step (1);
(3) Judging the rationality of channelized design of the intersection according to the type category of the current intersection, providing a signal phase scheme suitable for the channelized design of the intersection, and selecting any one suitable signal phase scheme;
(4) Calculating the phase full red time according to the length of each crosswalk at each entrance lane of the intersection;
(5) For an intersection with traffic flow data, collecting historical traffic flow data of the intersection, calculating the sum of the periodic flow ratios, giving a threshold value of the periodic flow ratios, when the periodic flow ratios are smaller than the threshold value, timing according to a Webster method, checking the shortest green light duration of each phase, and generating the green light duration displayed by each phase finally; when the periodic flow ratio is larger than the threshold value, improving the design of the current cross inlet channel, and returning to the step (2);
aiming at intersections without traffic flow data, according to other similar intersections with historical flow data, a peak-to-average coefficient and a peak-to-peak coefficient are obtained, signal timing in low peak, peak-to-average and peak periods is solved by using the pedestrian crosswalk length and pedestrian crossing speed of each entrance way of the intersection, and each phase is generated to finally display green light duration.
2. The signal phase scheme selection and timing method for road intersection lane distribution characteristics according to claim 1, characterized in that in step (2), the current intersection is classified into categories, which are as follows:
the serial numbers of lanes of each entrance way of the intersection are gradually increased from the inner side of the road to the outer side of the road; the judgment standard for dividing the intersection types is as follows:
the intersection east-west entrance comprises a straight-going and left-turning shared lane and a straight-going and turning-around shared lane, and is regarded as a feature 1;
the east import or the west import of the intersection has a left-turn lane number, a U-turn lane number or the number of the shared lane containing the left-turn or U-turn function is larger than that of the straight lane or the shared lane containing the straight function, and the left-turn lane number or the U-turn lane number is regarded as a feature 2;
the intersection south entrance or north entrance comprises a straight-going and left-turning shared lane and a straight-going and turning-around shared lane, and is regarded as a feature 3;
the south-east or north entrance of the intersection has a left-turn lane number, a U-turn lane number, or the number of a common lane containing a left-turn or U-turn function is greater than that of a straight lane or a common lane containing a straight function, and the intersection is regarded as a feature 4;
and (3) dividing the current intersection into 16 types according to whether the 4 characteristics exist in the passing direction of each entrance lane of the current intersection.
3. The method for selecting and timing a signal phase scheme according to the road intersection lane distribution characteristics of claim 1, wherein the signal phase scheme in the step (3) comprises:
scheme 1 is [ (a) 1 ,a 5 ),(a 2 ,a 6 ),(a 3 ,a 7 ),(a 4 ,a 8 )]，
Scheme 2 is [ (a) 1 ,a 5 ),(a 2 ,a 6 ),(a 3 ,a 4 ),(a 7 ,a 8 )]，
Scheme 3 is [ (a) 1 ,a 2 ),(a 5 ,a 6 ),(a 3 ,a 7 ),(a 4 ,a 8 )]，
Scheme 4 is [ (a) 1 ,a 2 ),(a 5 ,a 6 ),(a 3 ,a 4 ),(a 7 ,a 8 )]；
Wherein, a 1 、a 5 Respectively east-to-west, a 2 、a 6 Respectively east left turn, west left turn, a 3 、a 7 Respectively a south straight going and a north straight going, a 4 、a 8 Respectively a south left turn and a north left turn.
4. The signal phase scheme selection and timing method for road intersection lane distribution characteristics according to claim 1, wherein the signal phase scheme selection method in step (3) is as follows:
(4.1) if features 2 and 4 are present, features 1 and 3 are not present, scheme 1 is used;
(4.2) if features 2 and 3 are present, feature 1 is not present, using scheme 2;
(4.3) if features 1 and 4 are present, feature 3 is not present, using scheme 3;
(4.4) if features 1 and 3 are present, using scheme 4;
(4.5) if feature 1 is present, features 3 and 4 are not present, using either scheme 3 or scheme 4;
(4.6) if feature 2 is present, features 1, 3 and 4 are not present, using either scheme 1 or scheme 2;
(4.7) if feature 3 is present, features 1 and 2 are not present, using either option 2 or option 4;
(4.8) if feature 4 is present, features 1, 2 and 3 are not present, using either scheme 1 or scheme 3;
(4.9) if none of features 1, 2, 3 and 4 are present, either scheme 1 or scheme 2 or scheme 3 or scheme 4 is used.
5. The signal phase scheme selection and timing method for road intersection lane distribution characteristics according to claim 1, wherein the phase all-red time is calculated in step (4), and the method comprises the following steps:
(5.1) judging max (L) ps ,L pn )＜L l If true, R sn =0; otherwise, judging L l ≤max(L ps ,L pn )≤L h Whether or not to be established, and if so,
otherwise R sn ＝R max (ii) a Wherein L is ps ,L pn The lengths of the pedestrian crosswalks of the north-south import are respectively; r sn The duration is the full red in the north-south direction; l is l Setting a minimum length threshold of the full red time; l is a radical of an alcohol h Setting a length threshold value of the maximum full red duration; tau is the length required for increasing the unit red light duration; r max Is the maximum full red duration threshold;
(5.2) judgment of max (L) pe ,L pw )＜L l Whether or not, if true, R ew =0; otherwise, judge L l ≤max(L pe ,L pw )≤L h Whether or not to be established, and if so,
otherwise R ew ＝R max (ii) a Wherein L is pe ,L pw The lengths of the pedestrian crossings of the east-west import are respectively; r ew Is the east-west full red duration;
(5.3) obtaining all red duration, R, of each phase of each signal phase scheme i1 ＝R sn ，R i2 ＝R sn ，R i3 ＝R ew ，R i4 ＝R ew (ii) a Wherein R is i1 、R i2 、R i3 、R i4 The full red duration of each phase of the ith signal phase scheme.
6. The signal phase scheme selection and timing method for road intersection lane distribution characteristics according to claim 1, wherein timing is performed according to a webster method for intersections with traffic flow data in step (5), and the specific steps are as follows:
(6.1) calculating the signal loss duration L by using the formula (1);
in the formula (1), L s Time lost for startup; i is a green light time interval, including a yellow light and a full red time; a is the duration of a yellow light; k is the number of green light intervals in one period;
(6.2) calculating the sum of the periodic flow ratios Y using equation (2) i Judgment of Y i ≤Y 0 ，Y 0 If the threshold value of the periodic flow ratio is established, the next step is carried out; otherwise, improving the design of the entrance lane of the current intersection and returning to the step (2);
in the formula (2), Y i Respective maximum flow ratios y for all signal phases constituting a cycle j The sum of the values; i is a signal phase scheme; j is the number of phases in a cycle; y is jn The flow ratio of the nth flow direction in the j phase; q. q of djn Design traffic volume for nth flow direction in jth phase; s. the djn Designing a saturation flow for the nth flow direction in the j phase;
(6.3) calculating the optimum Signal cycle duration C using equation (3) i Judgment of C i ≤C 0 If not, take C i ＝C 0 In which C is 0 Is a maximum cycle duration threshold;
(6.4) calculating the Total effective Green light time period G using equation (4) ei ；
G ei ＝C i -L (4)
In the formula (4), G ei A total effective green time for the ith signal phase scheme;
(6.5) calculating the effective green time period g for each phase by using the equation (5) eij ；
In the formula (5), g eij An effective green duration for the jth phase of the ith signal phase scheme;
(6.6) calculating the Green time g of each phase display by using the equation (6) ij ；
g ij ＝g eij -A+L s (6)
In the formula (6), g ij Displaying a green time duration for the jth phase of the ith signal phase scheme;
(6.7) calculating the shortest Green light duration g in each direction using equation (7) dmin ；
In the formula (7), g dmin D, the shortest green light time for the entrance street to cross; d is an entrance way in the southeast, northwest directions; l is a radical of an alcohol pd D, the length of the pedestrian crossing the street in the entrance way; v. of p The average pace speed of the pedestrians crossing the street is obtained.
7. The signal phase scheme selection and timing method for road intersection lane distribution characteristics according to claim 1, wherein for an intersection with traffic flow data in step (5), the shortest green light duration of each phase is checked, specifically as follows:
if the signal phase scheme selected in the step (2) is scheme 1, checking the shortest green light time of the signal phase scheme 1, and generating the final display green light time g 'of each phase' 11 、g′ 12 、g′ 13 、g′ 14 (ii) a Wherein g' 11 ＝max(g 11 ,g smin ,g nmin )，g′ 12 ＝max(g 12 ,g dx )，g′ 13 ＝max(g 13 ,g emin ,g wmin )，g′ 14 ＝max(g 14 ,g nb )，g emin Green light duration of shortest crossing in east entry lane, g wmin Green light duration g of shortest street crossing for west entrance lane smin The shortest street-crossing green light duration of the south entry road, g nmin Green light duration, g, for shortest crossing of north entry road dx Left-turn shortest green time for things with historical traffic, where g dx = alpha, alpha is the time threshold of the shortest left turn green light of the east-west with historical traffic volume, g nb The shortest green time for left turn in north and south of historical traffic, wherein g nb = beta, beta is the time length threshold of south-north left-turning shortest green light with historical traffic;
if the signal phase scheme selected in the step (2) is the scheme 2, checking the shortest green light time length of the signal phase scheme 2, and generating the final display green light time length g 'of each phase' 21 、g′ 22 、g′ 23 、g′ 24 (ii) a Wherein g' 21 ＝max(g 21 ,g smin ,g nmin )，g′ 22 ＝max(g 22 ,g dx )，g′ 23 ＝max(g 23 ,g emin )，g′ 24 ＝max(g 24 ,g wmin )；
If the signal phase scheme selected in the step (2) is the scheme 3, checking the shortest green light time length of the signal phase scheme 3, and generating the final display green light time length g 'of each phase' 31 、g′ 32 、g′ 33 、g′ 34 (ii) a Wherein g' 31 ＝max(g 31 ,g nmin )，g′ 32 ＝max(g 32 ,g smin )，g′ 33 ＝max(g 33 ,g emin ,g wmin )，g′ 34 ＝max(g 34 ,g nb )；
If the signal phase scheme selected in the step (2) is the scheme 4, checking the shortest green light time length of the signal phase scheme 4, and generating the final display green light time length g 'of each phase' 41 、g′ 42 、g′ 43 、g′ 44 (ii) a Wherein g' 41 ＝max(g 41 ,g nmin )，g′ 42 ＝max(g 42 ,g smin )，g′ 43 ＝max(g 43 ,g emin )，g′ 44 ＝max(g 44 ,g wmin )。
8. The signal phase scheme selection and timing method for the lane distribution characteristics of a road intersection according to claim 1, wherein for intersections without traffic flow data in step (5), a signal timing scheme for low peak, flat peak and peak periods is solved according to the pedestrian crosswalk length and pedestrian street crossing length of each entrance lane of the intersection, and the specific steps are as follows:
(8.1) calculating the shortest Green light duration g in each direction by using the equation (7) dmin ；
(8.2) if the signal phase scheme selected in the step (2) is scheme 1, obtaining a low peak display green duration g' l11 、g′ l12 、g′ l13 、g′ l14 Wherein g' l11 ＝max(g smin ,g nmin )，g′ l12 ＝g ewmin ，g′ l13 ＝max(g emin ,g wmin )，g′ l14 ＝g snmin ；g ewmin Left-turn shortest green time for things with no historical traffic, where g ewmin Gamma is the shortest green light time threshold value of the left turn of things without historical traffic volume g snmin The shortest green time for north-south left turn without history traffic, wherein g snmin λ, where λ is a shortest green light time threshold for north-south left-turn without historical traffic;
if the signal phase scheme selected in the step (2) is scheme 2, obtaining the duration g 'of the low-peak display green light' l21 、g′ l22 、g′ l23 、g′ l24 Of which g' l21 ＝max(g smin ,g nmin )，g′ l22 ＝g ewmin ，g′ l23 ＝g emin ，g′ l24 ＝g wmin ；
If the signal phase scheme selected in the step (2) is scheme 3, obtaining the duration g 'of the low-peak display green light' l31 、g′ l32 、g′ l33 、g′ l34 Of which g' l31 ＝g nmin ，g′ l32 ＝g smin ，g′ l33 ＝max(g emin ,g wmin )，g′ l34 ＝g snmin ；
If the signal phase scheme selected in the step (2) is scheme 4, obtaining the duration g 'of the low-peak display green lamp' l41 、g′ l42 、g′ l43 、g′ l44 Wherein g' l41 ＝g nmin ，g′ l42 ＝g smin ，g′ l43 ＝g emin ，g′ l44 ＝g wmin ；
(8.3) calculating the Flat Peak display Green Lamp time period g 'by the equation (8)' fij ；
g′ fij ＝g′ lij ×w f (8)
In the formula (8), g' fij The peak-to-green time length of each phase under different signal phase schemes; w is a f The peak-off coefficient is a value-taking range which can be determined according to other similar intersections with historical flow data;
(8.4) calculating the peak display green time period g 'by the formula (9)' hij ；
g′ hij ＝g′ lij ×w h (9)
In the formula (9), g' hij Peak green time duration for each phase under different signal phase schemes; w is a h Determining a value range for the peak coefficient according to other similar intersections with historical flow data;
(8.5) production of eachThe display green light time length of each phase period is g' lij In the mean peak, is g' fij G 'at peak' hij 。
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