CN115656895A - High-efficient optic fibre magnetic field sensor based on diamond NV colour center - Google Patents
High-efficient optic fibre magnetic field sensor based on diamond NV colour center Download PDFInfo
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- CN115656895A CN115656895A CN202211325282.3A CN202211325282A CN115656895A CN 115656895 A CN115656895 A CN 115656895A CN 202211325282 A CN202211325282 A CN 202211325282A CN 115656895 A CN115656895 A CN 115656895A
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of optical fiber sensors, and discloses a high-efficiency optical fiber magnetic field sensor based on a diamond NV color center. By adopting the diamond NV color center-based high-efficiency optical fiber magnetic field sensor, laser emitted by a laser light source irradiates diamond NV color center solution poured in the magnetic field optical fiber sensing mechanism through the light path mechanism, generated fluorescence is received by the first receiving and converting mechanism and the second receiving and converting mechanism in a coupling mode, and generated fluorescence is reflected by the light path mechanism and received by the third receiving and converting mechanism. The invention can improve the sensitivity of magnetic field measurement by coupling the optical fiber and the diamond NV color center, and can improve the collection efficiency of fluorescence by adopting a three-way light collection scheme.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical fiber sensors, in particular to a high-efficiency optical fiber magnetic field sensor based on a diamond NV color center.
Background
Normally, the crystal with regular atomic arrangement does not emit light outwards, but in practice, the atoms in the crystal vibrate to generate defects which destroy the periodicity of the atomic arrangement in the crystal, so that the optical properties of the crystal are changed, the crystal can selectively absorb visible light with certain wavelengths and emit detectable fluorescence, and the defect part which can absorb the visible light and emit the fluorescence in the crystal can be called a Color Center (Color Center). The NV colour centre is a abbreviation for Nitrogen (Nitrogen) Vacancy (Vacancy) luminescence centre, which consists of a C atom replaced by a N atom in the diamond lattice to form a N-site, followed by a C Vacancy lacking a C atom.
Electrons of NV color center in ground state 3 A and excited state 3 E all have | m s ＝0>And | m s ＝±1>The three spin states are spin states | m s ＝0>Can be excited from the ground state 3A to the excited state by a pump laser having a wavelength of 532nm 3 E, then de-excited back to the ground state 3 A and emits fluorescence with spin state of | m s ＝±1>Can be pumped from the ground state by a pump laser having a wavelength of 532nm 3 Excitation of A to excited state 3 E, when the excitation is released, a part of the electrons directly return to the ground state 3 A emits fluorescence, and a part of electrons pass through ISC (interferometric crosslinking) mechanismFrom a single state 1 A. And 1 e back to the ground state 3 A, and this process does not fluoresce, which is the way NV colour centre converts the pump laser into fluorescence. Since the spin state in the NV color center is m s ＝0>The probability ratio of the spin state of the electron to the fluorescence photon emitted when the electron is excited and de-excited by laser is | ms = ± 1>Is large, so | m s ＝0>The state is called the bright state, | m s ＝±1>The state is referred to as a dark state.
In the NV color center ground state, | ms = ± 1 in the absence of an external magnetic field>The energy levels of the states are degenerate and | m s ＝0>Sum of states | m s ＝±1>The energy gap of the state is 2.87GHz, when an Optical Detected Magnetic Resonance (ODMR) spectrum of the NV color center is measured, continuous laser pumping and microwave frequency sweeping are required to be carried out on the NV color center, and the intensity of fluorescence emitted by the NV color center is measured, when the frequency of the microwave is 2.87GHz and | m s ＝0>Sum of states | m s ＝±1>When the energy gap of (A) is equal, the spin state is | m s ＝0>The electrons of (2) are microwave-controlled to spin state to be m s ＝±1>At this time, because the bright-state electrons in the NV color center decrease and the dark-state electrons increase, the intensity of fluorescence emitted by the NV color center under the excitation of the pump laser decreases, and a recess appears at the position of the microwave frequency of 2.87GHz on the optical detection magnetic resonance spectrum. In the presence of an external magnetic field, | m in the NV color center ground state s ＝±1>The energy level of a state can be subjected to energy level splitting due to the Zeeman effect, | m s ＝0>Sum of states | m s ＝+1>The energy gap of the state is larger than 2.87GHz, | m s ＝0>Sum of states | m s ＝-1>The energy gap of the state is less than 2.87GHz, so that the number of the notches of the NV color center on the optical detection magnetic resonance spectrum under the excitation of the pump laser is changed from one to two, the notches are respectively positioned at two positions with the microwave frequency less than 2.87GHz and greater than 2.87GHz, and the Hamilton equation is solved according to the difference value of the microwave frequencies between the two notches, so that the size of the magnetic field can be obtained.
The existing optical fiber magnetic field sensor has low sensitivity and large volume, and is inconvenient for magnetic field measurement.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving the problems of the prior art as described above.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a high-efficiency optical fiber magnetic field sensor based on a diamond NV color center, which comprises a laser light source, a light path mechanism, a bias permanent magnet, a magnetic field optical fiber sensing mechanism, a microwave waveguide mechanism, a first receiving and converting mechanism, a second receiving and converting mechanism and a third receiving and converting mechanism, wherein the laser light source is arranged on the diamond NV color center;
the laser light source is arranged opposite to the light path mechanism, one end of the light path mechanism is arranged opposite to the third receiving and switching mechanism, the other end of the light path mechanism is arranged opposite to the magnetic field optical fiber sensing mechanism, and the upper side and the lower side of the magnetic field optical fiber sensing mechanism are provided with offset permanent magnets;
the two sides of the magnetic field optical fiber sensing mechanism are respectively connected with the first receiving and converting mechanism and the second receiving and converting mechanism through magnetic field sensing optical fibers, and the magnetic field sensor optical fibers are connected with the microwave waveguide mechanism;
laser emitted by a laser light source irradiates on the magnetic field optical fiber sensing mechanism through the light path mechanism, a diamond solution with NV color centers in the magnetic field optical fiber sensing mechanism is excited to generate fluorescence, a part of fluorescence is received by the first receiving and switching mechanism and the second receiving and switching mechanism respectively in a coupling mode, and the other part of fluorescence is reflected by the light path mechanism and received by the third receiving and switching mechanism.
Preferably, the first receiving and converting mechanism includes a first optical fiber filter, a first pigtail and a first single photon counting module, which are connected in sequence.
Preferably, the second receiving and converting mechanism includes a second optical fiber filter, a second pigtail and a second single photon counting module, which are connected in sequence.
Preferably, the third receiving and converting mechanism includes an optical filter, a third lens and a third single photon counting module, which are sequentially arranged.
Preferably, the optical path mechanism includes an objective lens, a first reflector, a first lens, a second reflector, and a dichroic mirror, which are sequentially disposed, and the dichroic mirror is disposed opposite to the laser light source.
Preferably, the magnetic field optical fiber sensing mechanism comprises a hollow optical fiber and single-mode optical fibers arranged at two ends of the hollow optical fiber, the two single-mode optical fibers are respectively connected with the first optical fiber filter and the second optical fiber filter, and the hollow optical fiber and the objective lens are arranged oppositely.
Preferably, the microwave waveguide mechanism comprises a microwave waveguide and a microwave source, the microwave source is connected with the microwave waveguide, and the microwave waveguide is wound on the hollow optical fiber. The microwave waveguide is a copper wire.
Therefore, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The fluorescence generated by exciting the diamond solution with the NV color center can be received in a mode of coupling into the optical fiber, the efficiency of collecting the fluorescence is improved, the sensitivity of a sensor for measuring a magnetic field is improved, and meanwhile, a third receiving and converting mechanism is arranged to further submit the fluorescence receiving efficiency.
(2) Due to the design of the light path mechanism, the first lens and the second lens form a lens group to expand the laser emitted by the laser light source, the filling rate of the laser passing through the objective lens can be improved, the light spot irradiated on the hollow optical fiber is reduced, and the efficiency of converting the laser into fluorescence is improved.
(3) The optical fiber is used for transmitting pump laser and fluorescence generated by excitation of a diamond solution with an NV color center, the copper wire is used as a microwave waveguide to transmit microwave emitted by a microwave source to the vicinity of the magnetic field sensing optical fiber, and the application of the optical fiber and the copper wire reduces the overall volume.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of a high-efficiency optical fiber magnetic field sensor based on a diamond NV color center;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a diamond solution with NV color centers excited by a laser and emitting fluorescence in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 is | m s ＝±1>Schematic representation of the degenerate energy levels of the NV colour centre electrons in spin state cleaved due to the zeeman effect;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a magnetic field sensing fiber of the present invention;
figure 5 is a block diagram of a single photon counting module.
Reference numerals
1. A magnetic field optical fiber sensing mechanism; 2. an objective lens; 3. a first reflector; 4. a first lens; 5. a second lens; 6. a second reflector; 7. a dichroic mirror; 8. an optical filter; 9. a third lens; 10. a third single photon counting module; 11. a laser light source; 12. a second optical fiber filter; 13. a second pigtail; 14. a second single photon counting module; 15. biasing the permanent magnet; 16. a microwave waveguide; 17. a microwave source; 18. a first single photon counting module; 19. a first pigtail; 20. a first optical fiber filter; 21. nano-diamond; 22. pumping laser; 23. microwave; 24. fluorescence; 25. a hollow fiber; 26. a single mode optical fiber.
Detailed Description
Examples
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inside", "outside", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings or orientations or positional relationships conventionally put in use of products of the present invention, and are only for convenience of description and simplification of description, but do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have specific orientations, be constructed in specific orientations, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "disposed," "mounted," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, a high-efficiency optical fiber magnetic field sensor based on a diamond NV color center comprises a laser light source 11, a light path mechanism, a bias permanent magnet 15, a magnetic field optical fiber sensing mechanism 1, a microwave waveguide mechanism, a first receiving and switching mechanism, a second receiving and switching mechanism and a third receiving and switching mechanism. The laser light source 11 is arranged opposite to the optical path mechanism, and laser with a wavelength of 532nm emitted by the laser light source 11 can excite the diamond solution with the NV color center and generate fluorescence 24. The optical path mechanism includes an objective lens 2, a first reflecting mirror 3, a first lens 4, a second lens 5, a second reflecting mirror 6, and a dichroic mirror 7, which are arranged in this order, the dichroic mirror 7 is arranged to be opposed to the laser light source 11, and the dichroic mirror 7 can reflect the laser light emitted from the laser light source 11 and can transmit fluorescence 24 emitted from the NV color center. The focal length ratio of the first lens 4 and the second lens 5 is two to one, the two lenses can form a lens group to expand the laser emitted by the laser light source 11, the filling rate of the laser passing through the objective lens 2 after expanding the beam is higher, so that the light spot irradiated on the magnetic field sensing optical fiber after the laser is converged by the objective lens 2 is smaller, and the efficiency of converting the laser into the fluorescence 24 is improved. One end of the optical path mechanism is arranged opposite to the third receiving and converting mechanism, and the third receiving and converting mechanism comprises an optical filter 8, a third lens 9 and a third single photon counting module 10 which are sequentially arranged. The other end of the optical path mechanism is arranged opposite to the magnetic field optical fiber sensing mechanism 1, and the upper side and the lower side of the magnetic field optical fiber sensing mechanism 1 are provided with bias permanent magnets 15 for applying a bias magnetic field to eliminate the influence of the internal stress of the diamond crystal on the NV color center. The two sides of the magnetic field optical fiber sensing mechanism 1 are respectively connected with a first receiving and converting mechanism and a second receiving and converting mechanism through magnetic field sensing optical fibers, and the first receiving and converting mechanism comprises a first optical fiber filter 20, a first tail fiber 19 and a first single photon counting module 18 which are sequentially connected. The second receiving and converting mechanism comprises a second optical fiber filter 12, a second tail fiber 13 and a second single photon counting module 14 which are connected in sequence. The magnetic field sensor optical fiber is connected with the microwave waveguide mechanism. Laser emitted by the laser light source 11 irradiates the magnetic field optical fiber sensing mechanism 1 through the optical path mechanism, a diamond solution with an NV color center in the magnetic field optical fiber sensing mechanism 1 is excited to generate fluorescence 24, a part of the fluorescence 24 is respectively received by the first receiving and converting mechanism and the second receiving and converting mechanism in a coupling mode, and the other part of the fluorescence 24 is reflected by the optical path mechanism and is received by the third receiving and converting mechanism.
The magnetic field optical fiber sensing mechanism 1 comprises a hollow optical fiber 25 and single mode optical fibers 26 arranged at two ends of the hollow optical fiber 25, a section of hollow optical fiber with the length of about 5mm is selected, a coating layer of the section of hollow optical fiber 25 is completely removed, and an optical fiber cutter is used for cutting off a part of two ends of the section of hollow optical fiber 25 to enable the end face of the optical fiber to be flat. Selecting two single-mode optical fibers 26 with the length of about 20cm, removing the coating layer with the length of 3cm at the two ends of the two single-mode optical fibers 26, firstly welding one end of a hollow optical fiber 25 and one single-mode optical fiber 26 together by using an optical fiber welding machine, then filling the diamond solution with the NV color center which is subjected to ultrasonic homogenization treatment into the hollow optical fiber 25 without leaving bubbles by using a thin dropper, and finally vertically welding the other end of the hollow optical fiber 25 and the other single-mode optical fiber 26 together by using the optical fiber welding machine to complete the manufacture of the magnetic field optical fiber sensing mechanism 1, thereby realizing the packaging of the diamond solution with the NV color center. The single mode fiber 26 is provided with fiber loose joints at both ends and is respectively connected with the first fiber filter 20 and the second fiber filter 12, and the hollow fiber 25 is arranged opposite to the objective lens 2.
The microwave waveguide mechanism comprises a microwave waveguide 16 and a microwave source 17, wherein the microwave source 17 is connected with the microwave waveguide 16, a section of copper wire with the length of about 10cm and the thickness of 0.5mm is selected as the microwave waveguide 16, and the microwave waveguide 16 is uniformly wound on the hollow optical fiber for 10 circles.
The implementation principle is as shown in fig. 2, laser emitted by a laser light source 11 is reflected and then irradiates on a diamond NV color center solution in a hollow optical fiber through an objective lens 2, so that the diamond solution with the NV color center in the hollow optical fiber is excited and emits fluorescence 24, a part of the fluorescence 24 enters single-mode optical fibers 26 at two sides of the hollow optical fiber in a coupling manner to be transmitted, and finally is received by a first single photon counting module 18 and a second single photon counting module 14 respectively, and a part of the fluorescence 24 is received by the first single photon counting module 18 through the objective lens 2 in a light path reflection manner. NV color center in the absence of an external magnetic fieldIs of s ＝±1>The states are degenerate, the NV color center exhibits a dip in the optical probe magnetic resonance spectrum of fluorescence 24 emitted under continuous laser and microwave spin control, and the | m of the NV color center in the presence of an external magnetic field s ＝±1>As shown in fig. 3, splitting occurs due to the zeeman effect, two notches symmetrical to the previous notch appear in the optical detection magnetic resonance spectrum of the fluorescence 24 emitted by the NV color center under the continuous spin control of the laser and the microwave, and the magnetic field at the sensor can be obtained by solving the hamilton equation according to the difference of the microwave frequencies between the two notches.
And (3) turning on a laser light source 11 and a microwave source 17, and receiving fluorescence 24 emitted by the diamond solution with the NV color center through a first single photon counting module 18, a second single photon counting module 14 and a third single photon counting module 10 while performing microwave frequency sweep on the magnetic field optical fiber sensing mechanism 1. The single photon counting module has a structure shown in fig. 5, wherein a photomultiplier converts received fluorescence 24 photons into photoelectron pulses, the photoelectron pulses are linearly amplified by an amplifier, a discriminator removes noise pulses in the amplified photoelectron pulses and shapes the photoelectron pulses to output standard pulses, a counter counts the output standard pulses, a data acquisition card guides time-related data obtained by the counter into a computer through a data line, the data is processed and converted into a photodetection magnetic resonance spectrum related to microwave frequency, and a hamilton equation is solved according to a difference value of microwave frequencies between two pits on the obtained photodetection magnetic resonance spectrum, so that the magnetic field size at the sensor can be obtained.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: modifications and equivalents may be made to the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A high-efficient optic fibre magnetic field sensor based on diamond NV colour center which characterized in that: the device comprises a laser light source, a light path mechanism, a bias permanent magnet, a magnetic field optical fiber sensing mechanism, a microwave waveguide mechanism, a first receiving and switching mechanism, a second receiving and switching mechanism and a third receiving and switching mechanism;
the laser light source is arranged opposite to the light path mechanism, one end of the light path mechanism is arranged opposite to the third receiving and switching mechanism, the other end of the light path mechanism is arranged opposite to the magnetic field optical fiber sensing mechanism, and the upper side and the lower side of the magnetic field optical fiber sensing mechanism are provided with offset permanent magnets;
two sides of the magnetic field optical fiber sensing mechanism are respectively connected with the first receiving and converting mechanism and the second receiving and converting mechanism through magnetic field sensing optical fibers, and the magnetic field sensing optical fibers are connected with the microwave waveguide mechanism;
laser emitted by a laser light source irradiates on the magnetic field optical fiber sensing mechanism through the light path mechanism, a diamond solution with an NV color center in the magnetic field optical fiber sensing mechanism is excited to generate fluorescence, a part of the fluorescence is respectively received by the first receiving and converting mechanism and the second receiving and converting mechanism in a coupling mode, and the other part of the fluorescence is reflected by the light path mechanism and received by the third receiving and converting mechanism.
2. The efficient optical fiber magnetic field sensor based on the NV color center of diamond of claim 1, wherein: the first receiving and converting mechanism comprises a first optical fiber filter, a first tail fiber and a first single photon counting module which are sequentially connected.
3. The efficient optical fiber magnetic field sensor based on the NV color center of diamond as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the second receiving and converting mechanism comprises a second optical fiber filter, a second tail fiber and a second single photon counting module which are sequentially connected.
4. The efficient optical fiber magnetic field sensor based on the NV color center of diamond of claim 3, wherein: the third receiving and converting mechanism comprises an optical filter, a third lens and a third single photon counting module which are arranged in sequence.
5. The efficient optical fiber magnetic field sensor based on the NV color center of diamond as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the light path mechanism comprises an objective lens, a first reflector, a first lens, a second reflector and a dichroic mirror which are arranged in sequence, and the dichroic mirror is arranged opposite to the laser light source.
6. The efficient optical fiber magnetic field sensor based on the NV color center of diamond as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the magnetic field optical fiber sensing mechanism comprises a hollow optical fiber and single-mode optical fibers arranged at two ends of the hollow optical fiber, the single-mode optical fibers are respectively connected with a first optical fiber filter and a second optical fiber filter, and the hollow optical fiber and the objective lens are oppositely arranged.
7. The efficient optical fiber magnetic field sensor based on the NV color center of diamond of claim 6, wherein: the microwave waveguide mechanism comprises a microwave waveguide and a microwave source, the microwave source is connected with the microwave waveguide, and the microwave waveguide is wound on the hollow optical fiber.
8. The efficient optical fiber magnetic field sensor based on the NV color center of diamond of claim 7, wherein: the microwave waveguide is a copper wire.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116859299A (en) * | 2023-06-27 | 2023-10-10 | 暨南大学 | Diamond NV color center optical fiber magnetic field sensor based on magnetic flux concentration enhancement |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116859299A (en) * | 2023-06-27 | 2023-10-10 | 暨南大学 | Diamond NV color center optical fiber magnetic field sensor based on magnetic flux concentration enhancement |
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