CN115653577A - Annulus sound velocity and annulus liquid level calculation method based on electromagnetic sound wave - Google Patents
Annulus sound velocity and annulus liquid level calculation method based on electromagnetic sound wave Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an annular sound velocity and annular liquid level calculation method based on electromagnetic sound waves, which comprises the following steps: transmitting frequency-modulated sound waves to the annular space through an electromagnetic sound wave transmitter, acquiring coupling echo waves through the transmitted frequency-modulated sound waves, and calculating annular sound velocity through coupling wave time difference and coupling distance; when the liquid level is low and the annular sound velocity can not be judged by using the coupling wave, the annular sound velocity is calculated by using the temperature acquired by the temperature sensor. The invention has high measurement precision and small error.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for calculating annulus sound velocity and annulus liquid level when a pressure-controlled drilling heavy mud cap is pulled out and pulled down, belonging to the technical field of drilling engineering.
Technical Field
The sound wave is propagated mainly by temperature, pressure and medium in the annulus, when monitoring the liquid level of the annulus, when the liquid level is shallower from the wellhead, the sound velocity can be calculated by measuring the temperature of the wellhead, when the liquid level is farther from the wellhead, the temperature in the well is influenced by the ground temperature and has certain difference with the temperature of the wellhead, the temperature in the well is generally difficult to accurately measure, the annular sound velocity is usually calculated by using the time difference of coupling waves and the coupling distance, but the sound wave frequency in the process of ranging by an air gun method is too low, the coupling echo is not obvious, and the sound velocity is difficult to calculate by the coupling waves.
In addition, a pressure wave information source-based annulus liquid level testing method is disclosed in 'logging technology' in 10 months in 2019, pressure is applied to the annulus in a static pressure disturbance mode, frequency cannot be adjusted in the method, a coupling wave cannot be accurately acquired to calculate the sound velocity of the annulus, and the calculation error of the annulus liquid level position is large.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the problems in the prior art and provides an annular sound velocity and annular liquid level calculation method based on electromagnetic sound waves. The invention has high measurement precision and small error.
In order to realize the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
an annular sound velocity and annular liquid level calculation method based on electromagnetic sound waves is characterized in that: transmitting frequency-modulated sound waves to the annulus through an electromagnetic sound wave transmitter, acquiring coupling echoes through the transmitted frequency-modulated sound waves, and calculating the sound velocity of the annulus through coupling wave time difference and coupling distance; when the liquid level is low and the annular sound velocity can not be judged by using the coupling wave, the annular sound velocity is calculated by using the temperature acquired by the temperature sensor.
The method comprises the following steps:
a. emitting modulated sound waves and collecting echo signals: transmitting modulated sound waves to the annulus, and acquiring coupling echo and liquid level echo data to obtain a sampling signal;
b. and (3) filtering treatment: filtering the sampling signal to obtain a filtered signal;
c. and (3) segmentation treatment: dividing the filtered signal into two sections, wherein the first section is a transmitting section signal, and the second section is a receiving section signal;
d. detecting coupling waves and liquid level echoes: detecting the receiving section signal and the transmitting section signal to obtain a maximum value point, and recording the maximum value point as a liquid level echo point;
e. d, judging whether the maximum value point in the step d is larger than 3, if so, calculating the annulus sound velocity by using the coupling wave, if not, enhancing the coupling wave by increasing the modulation sound wave frequency until the maximum value point is larger than 3, and calculating the annulus sound velocity by using the coupling wave; and finally, obtaining the annular liquid level position according to the obtained annular sound velocity.
In the step a, when the liquid level of the pressure control drilling well is not at the well mouth or is detected, modulating the high-frequency low-loudness modulating sound wave, wherein the modulating frequency of the modulating sound wave is f, f is more than or equal to 20Hz and less than or equal to 1500Hz, and the sounding time is T 0 ，0.01s≤T 0 Less than or equal to 0.1s, and loudness is A% (A is less than or equal to 100 and less than or equal to 0).
The modulated sound wave is amplified to 500-2000W by the front power amplifier and the rear power amplifier and then is emitted by the electromagnetic sound wave emitter.
The sound waves are transmitted downwards along the axial direction through the annular space, one part of the sound waves are reflected upwards when passing through a drill pipe coupling to form coupling echo waves, the other part of the sound waves are continuously transmitted downwards and are reflected upwards when meeting the liquid level to form liquid level echo waves.
The data acquisition method comprises the steps that when the acoustic wave sensor starts to acquire data, a starting point T1 is defined, the acoustic wave sensor performs sampling at a sampling frequency fs, the sampling time is T, T is more than or equal to 5s and less than or equal to 10s, and a sampling signal is s (i).
In the step b, a band-pass filter based on a Kaiser window function is selected, the minimum frequency fmin =0.7f and the maximum frequency fmax =2f of the filter, and the sampled signal s (i) is passed through the band-pass filter to obtain a filtered signal sn (i).
In the step c, the filtered signal sn (i) is divided into two sections, the first section is a transmitting section, and the time is as follows: t is 1 ～T 1 +T 0 The signal of the transmitting section is M (t), the signal of the second section is a receiving section, and the time is as follows: t is 1 +T 0 ～T-T 1 -T 0 The receiving segment signals are: s (t).
In the step d, the receiving section signal s (t) and the transmitting section signal M (t) are detected by using the following formula:
maximum points are calculated for R (tau), R' (t) respectively 1 )，R’(t 2 )...R’(t n ) These maximum points are referred to as liquid level echo points, and the maximum points are referred to as liquid level echo points R' max (t) 0 ) Then the liquid level echo time is t 0 +T 0 。
In the step e, if the maximum value point in the step d is more than 3, a formula is used
Determining the sound velocity of the annulus, wherein L is the distance between two adjacent couplings, t n Time of nth coupling wave, t n-1 Time of the (n-1) th coupling wave; annular space liquid level position L 0 ＝C n ×(t 0 +T 0 )/2。
In the step e, when the liquid level is low and the annular sound velocity can not be judged by using the coupling wave, the annular sound velocity C is calculated by using the acquired annular temperature tem n ＝331.45+0.61tem。
The invention has the advantages that:
1. the traditional blasting sounding method can not adjust the frequency loudness, and the electromagnetic sound wave emitter is adopted as the sounding source, so that the frequency loudness of the emitted sound wave can be adjusted, and the identification effect of the shallow liquid level can be effectively improved.
2. The invention can accurately filter according to the frequency of the transmitted sound wave, and weaken noise interference; the adopted correlation detection can improve the recognition rate of coupling echo and liquid level echo.
3. The annular sound velocity is mainly influenced by the annular temperature, the annular temperature is generally difficult to measure along with the increase of the well depth, different annular sound velocity calculation methods are adopted according to different echo conditions, when the annular liquid level is shallow, a temperature sensor is adopted to monitor the annular temperature in real time so as to calculate the annular sound velocity, and when the annular liquid level is deep, the annular sound velocity is calculated by using the time difference of two coupling waves.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of coupling waves corresponding to different frequencies in the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of echo detected by an air gun method under a shallow liquid level condition;
FIG. 3 is a 300Hz echo time domain diagram of the electromagnetic acoustic transmitter under shallow liquid level conditions;
FIG. 4 is a 300Hz correlation test chart for shallow liquid level conditions;
FIG. 5 is a time domain diagram of 300Hz echo of an electromagnetic acoustic transmitter at deep liquid level;
FIG. 6a shows a 300Hz collar wave R' (t) for deep liquid level conditions n-1 ) An echo map;
FIG. 6b shows the 300Hz collar wave R' (t) for deep liquid level n ) Echo waveDrawing;
FIG. 6c is a graph of the 300Hz level echo R' max echo for a deep level condition;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the apparatus involved in the application of the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The invention provides a method for determining annulus sound velocity, an electromagnetic sound wave emitter is used for emitting frequency modulation sound waves to obtain clear collar echoes, the annulus sound velocity is calculated through collar wave time difference and collar spacing, and when the liquid level is low and the collar waves cannot be used for judging the annulus sound velocity, the temperature acquired by a temperature sensor is used for calculating the annulus sound velocity.
The specific implementation steps are as follows:
the first step is to transmit modulated sound waves and collect echo signals: when the liquid level of the pressure-controlled drilling well is not at the well mouth or a detection instruction is received, the electromagnetic valve is opened, the central processing unit modulates the high-frequency low-loudness modulated sound wave, the modulation frequency is f (f is more than or equal to 20 and less than or equal to 1500), the sounding time is T0 (T is more than or equal to 0.01s and less than or equal to T) 0 Less than or equal to 0.1 s) and loudness is A% (A is less than or equal to 100 and less than or equal to 0). The modulated sound waves are amplified by the front power amplifier and the rear power amplifier for 500-2000W and are transmitted by the electromagnetic sound wave transmitter, the sound waves are transmitted downwards along the axial direction through an annular space, a part of the sound waves are reflected upwards to form a coupling echo when passing through a coupling of a drill rod, the other part of the sound waves are transmitted downwards continuously and are reflected upwards when encountering a liquid level to form a liquid level echo, the sound wave sensor is responsible for collecting echo data, when the central processing unit sends a sound wave detection instruction, the sound wave sensor starts to collect data, the initial point T1 is defined at the moment, the data collector samples at a sampling frequency fs, the sampling time is T (T is more than or equal to 5s and less than or equal to 10 s), and the sampling signal is s (i).
The second step: and (3) filtering treatment: selecting a bandpass filter based on a Kaiser window function, wherein the minimum frequency fmin of the filter =0.7f, and the maximum frequency fmax =2f, and obtaining a filtered signal sn (i) by passing the sampled signal s (i) through the bandpass filter.
The third step: and (3) segmentation treatment: dividing the filtered signal sn (i) into two sections, wherein the first section is a transmitting section and the time is as follows: t is 1 ～T 1 +T 0 The signal of the transmitting section is M (t), the signal of the second section is a receiving section, and the time is as follows: t is 1 +T 0 ～T-T 1 -T 0 The receiving section signals are: s (t).
The fourth step: detecting coupling waves and liquid level echoes: carrying out correlation detection on the receiving section signal s (t) and the transmitting section signal M (t), and using a formula:
maximum points are calculated for R (tau), R' (t) respectively 1 )，R’(t 2 )...R’(t n ) These maxima are denoted as echo points. The maximum point is defined as the liquid level echo point R' max (t) 0 ) Then the liquid level echo time is t 0 +T 0 。
The fifth step: judging whether the maximum value point obtained in the fourth step is more than 3, if so, using a formula
Determining annulus sound velocity, wherein L is the distance between two adjacent couplings, t n Time of nth coupling wave, t n-1 The time of the (n-1) th collar wave.
If the maximum value point is less than 3, the coupling wave is not obvious, and the coupling wave can be enhanced in a mode of increasing the frequency of the incident wave until the maximum value point is more than 3.
In the fifth step, when the liquid level is low and the coupling wave can not be used for judging the annular sound velocity, the annular sound velocity is calculated and determined with the liquid level position, and the sound velocity is calculated by using the temperature tem acquired by the temperature sensor: c n ＝331.45+0.61tem。
For example: the temperature collected by the temperature sensor is 10 ℃, and then the sound velocity is as follows:
C n (10℃)＝331.45+0.61*10≈338m/s
and then the annular sound velocity obtained by calculation is utilized to solve the annular liquid level position:
if the maximum point obtained in the fourth step is greater than 3, as shown in FIG. 1, the sound wave pair is detected at high frequencyThe coupling echo is stronger than that of the low-frequency detection sound wave, the sound velocity can be calculated by using the coupling wave, the distance between the drill rod couplings is L, and the sound velocity is C n ＝L/(t n -t (n-1) ) Annular space level position L 0 ＝C n ×(t 0 +T 0 )/2。
Example 2
This example illustrates a specific application of the method of the present invention with reference to the drawings.
When the liquid level is shallow, the sound wave frequency is too low and the loudness is large when the air gun method is used for ranging, the sound wave continuously vibrates in the annular space, and coupling echo and liquid level echo are not obvious, as shown in fig. 2, so that the sound velocity and the annular space liquid level distance are difficult to calculate through the coupling wave.
When the liquid level is shallow, an electromagnetic sound wave emitter is used for emitting modulated sound waves, an electromagnetic valve is opened, the central processing unit modulates the high-frequency low-loudness modulated sound waves, the modulation frequency is f =300Hz, and the sounding time is T 0 And 0.05s, the loudness is 100%, and the level echo is shown in fig. 3.
As can be seen from fig. 3, the electromagnetic acoustic wave transmitter is used to transmit the detection acoustic wave after frequency loudness and transmission time modulation, so that the liquid level echo can be clearly seen.
As can be known from the correlation detection of FIG. 4, the coupling echo is not obvious, the annular sound velocity is difficult to judge through the coupling wave, and the temperature collected by the temperature sensor is 20 ℃, so that the formula is used as follows: c n (20 ℃) is not less than 331.45+0.61 is not less than 20 and is approximately equal to 343m/s, the annular sound velocity is calculated, and the liquid level echo time is t 0 +T 0 =0.1869s, then the position of the liquid level L in the annulus 0 ＝343*0.1869/2＝32m。
When the liquid level is deep, an electromagnetic sound wave emitter is used for emitting modulated sound waves, an electromagnetic valve is opened, the central processing unit modulates the modulated sound waves with high frequency and low loudness, the modulation frequency is f =300Hz, the sounding time is T0=0.05s, the loudness is 100%, and the liquid level echo is shown in fig. 5.
Filtering, segmenting, and performing correlation detection, wherein the correlation detection is shown in FIG. 6, in which FIG. 6 (a) is coupling wave R' (t) n-1 ) Time t of coupling wave n-1 =0.2788, coupling wave R' (t) in fig. 6 (b) n ) Time t of coupling wave n If the distance between the coupling rings is 9.68m, the liquid level echo time point is 0.3074, and the liquid level echo time point is 0.9164 in fig. 6 (c), the sonic velocity of the annulus is
The annular liquid level position is as follows: l is 0 ＝C n ×(t 0 +T 0 )/2＝338.64×0.9164/2＝155.08m。
Example 3
This example illustrates an apparatus related to the method of the present invention.
The device related to the method comprises a central processing unit, a front power amplifier, a rear power amplifier, an electromagnetic sound wave emitter, a sound wave sensor, a temperature sensor, an electromagnetic valve, a data acquisition unit and a filter.
As shown in fig. 7, labeled: 1-a shaft, 2-a drill pipe, 3-an annulus, 4-a coupling, 5-a liquid level, 6-an electromagnetic valve, 7-an acoustic sensor, 8-a temperature sensor, 9-an electromagnetic acoustic transmitter, 10-a data collector, 11-a filter, 12-a rear-stage power amplifier, 13-a front-stage power amplifier, 14-a central processing unit and 15-logging data.
The central processing unit modulates the detected sound waves, analyzes the echo, controls the switch of the electromagnetic valve and calculates the position of the liquid level in the annular space, and the emitted detected sound waves can automatically select the optimal frequency and loudness according to the well structure and the depth of the liquid level.
The prepositive power amplifier can amplify the voltage of the modulated audio signal output by the central processing unit, improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the system, reduce the external interference and realize the impedance conversion and matching.
The post power amplifier is responsible for amplifying the audio signal current output by the front power amplifier, so that the electromagnetic sound wave emitter works normally.
The electromagnetic sound wave emitter is responsible for emitting audio signals output by the post-power amplifier, and is characterized in that the frequency and the loudness are adjustable, the frequency range is 200-1500 Hz, and the loudness range is 70-130 dB.
The acoustic wave sensor is responsible for collecting emitted acoustic waves and echo signals in a channel, the acoustic wave sensor and the electromagnetic acoustic wave emitter are positioned in the same channel, the number of the acoustic wave sensor and the electromagnetic acoustic wave emitter can be one or more, the sensitivity of the acoustic wave sensor and the electromagnetic acoustic wave emitter is different, and a single acoustic wave emitter is sensitive to the acoustic wave signals in a certain specific frequency range.
The temperature sensor is used for collecting the temperature in the channel where the audio sensor is located, is used for sound velocity calculation, and is located in the same channel as the sound wave sensor and the electromagnetic sound wave emitter.
The electromagnetic valve is responsible for opening or closing a channel connecting the electromagnetic type sound wave emitter and the annulus, can be automatically opened or closed according to the requirement of a monitoring task, has certain pressure bearing capacity, and can prevent slurry from entering the channel where the electromagnetic type sound wave emitter is located.
The data acquisition unit is responsible for acquiring signals of the electromagnetic valve, the temperature sensor and the sound wave sensor. The filter is responsible for carrying out corresponding filtering with the sound wave signal that data collection station gathered, can filter the signal that the electromagnetic type sound wave transmitter sent out outside the frequency range, can reduce noise signal, improves the SNR.
Claims (10)
1. An annular sound velocity and annular liquid level calculation method based on electromagnetic sound waves is characterized by comprising the following steps: transmitting frequency-modulated sound waves to the annulus through an electromagnetic sound wave transmitter, acquiring coupling echoes through the transmitted frequency-modulated sound waves, and calculating the sound velocity of the annulus through coupling wave time difference and coupling distance; when the liquid level is low and the annular sound velocity can not be judged by using the coupling wave, the annular sound velocity is calculated by using the temperature acquired by the temperature sensor.
2. The method for calculating the annulus sound velocity and the annulus fluid level based on the electromagnetic acoustic waves according to claim 1, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
a. emitting modulated sound waves and collecting echo signals: transmitting modulated sound waves to the annulus, and acquiring coupling echo and liquid level echo data to obtain a sampling signal;
b. and (3) filtering treatment: filtering the sampling signal to obtain a filtered signal;
c. and (3) segmentation treatment: dividing the filtered signal into two sections, wherein the first section is a transmitting section signal, and the second section is a receiving section signal;
d. detecting coupling waves and liquid level echoes: detecting the receiving section signal and the transmitting section signal to obtain a maximum value point, and recording the maximum value point as a liquid level echo point;
e. d, judging whether the maximum value point in the step d is larger than 3, if so, calculating the annulus sound velocity by using the coupling wave, if not, enhancing the coupling wave by increasing the modulation sound wave frequency until the maximum value point is larger than 3, and calculating the annulus sound velocity by using the coupling wave; and finally, obtaining the annular liquid level position according to the obtained annular sound velocity.
3. The method for calculating the speed of sound of the annulus and the liquid level of the annulus based on the electromagnetic sound waves according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step a, when the liquid level of the pressure control drilling well is not at the well mouth or is detected, modulating the high-frequency low-loudness modulating sound wave, wherein the modulating frequency of the modulating sound wave is f, f is more than or equal to 20Hz and less than or equal to 1500Hz, and the sounding time is T 0 ，0.01s≤T 0 Not more than 0.1s, loudness A%, A not less than 0 and not more than 100.
4. The method for calculating the annulus sound velocity and the annulus fluid level based on the electromagnetic acoustic waves according to claim 3, wherein: the modulated sound wave is amplified to 500-2000W by a preposed power amplifier and a postpositive power amplifier and then is emitted by an electromagnetic sound wave emitter; the sound waves are transmitted downwards along the axial direction through the annular space, one part of the sound waves are reflected upwards when passing through a drill pipe coupling to form coupling echo waves, the other part of the sound waves are continuously transmitted downwards and are reflected upwards when meeting the liquid level to form liquid level echo waves.
5. The method for calculating the annulus sound velocity and the annulus fluid level based on the electromagnetic acoustic waves according to claim 4, wherein: the data acquisition method comprises the steps that when the acoustic wave sensor starts to acquire data, a starting point T1 is defined, the acoustic wave sensor performs sampling at a sampling frequency fs, the sampling time is T, T is more than or equal to 5s and less than or equal to 10s, and a sampling signal is s (i).
6. The method for calculating the speed of sound of the annulus and the liquid level of the annulus based on the electromagnetic sound waves according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step b, a band-pass filter based on a Kaiser window function is selected, the minimum frequency fmin =0.7f and the maximum frequency fmax =2f of the filter, and the sampled signal s (i) is passed through the band-pass filter to obtain a filtered signal sn (i).
7. The electromagnetic acoustic wave-based annulus sound velocity and annulus fluid level calculation method according to claim 6, wherein: in the step c, the filtered signal sn (i) is divided into two sections, the first section is a transmitting section, and the time is as follows: t is 1 ～T 1 +T 0 The signal of the transmitting section is M (t), the signal of the second section is a receiving section, and the time is as follows: t is a unit of 1 +T 0 ～T-T 1 -T 0 The receiving segment signals are: s (t).
8. The method for calculating the annulus sound velocity and the annulus fluid level based on the electromagnetic acoustic waves according to claim 7, wherein: in the step d, the receiving section signal s (t) and the transmitting section signal M (t) are detected by using the following formula:
maximum points are calculated for R (tau), R' (t) 1 )，R’(t 2 )...R’(t n ) These maximum points are referred to as liquid level echo points, and the maximum points are referred to as liquid level echo points R' max (t) 0 ) Then the liquid level echo time is t 0 +T 0 。
9. The method for calculating the annulus sound velocity and the annulus fluid level based on the electromagnetic acoustic waves according to claim 8, wherein: in the step e, if the maximum value point in the step d is more than 3, a formula is used
Determining the sound velocity of the annulus, wherein L is the distance between two adjacent couplings, t n Time of nth coupling wave, t n-1 Time of the (n-1) th collar wave; annular space liquid level position L 0 ＝C n ×(t 0 +T 0 )/2。
10. The electromagnetic acoustic wave-based annulus sound velocity and annulus fluid level calculation method according to claim 9, wherein: in the step e, when the liquid level is low and the annular sound velocity can not be judged by using the coupling wave, the annular sound velocity C is calculated by using the acquired annular temperature tem n ＝331.45+0.61tem。
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| CN116378638B (en) * | 2023-06-07 | 2023-11-28 | 昆仑数智科技有限责任公司 | Working fluid level data monitoring system, equipment, method and device |
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